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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A9_f%C3%B3rum" title="Nové fórum – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nové fórum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Forum" title="Neues Forum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neues Forum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_Nuevo" title="Foro Nuevo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Foro Nuevo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouveau_Forum" title="Nouveau Forum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nouveau Forum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuovo_Forum" title="Nuovo Forum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nuovo Forum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Forum" title="Neues Forum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neues Forum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="新フォーラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="新フォーラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Forum" title="Neues Forum – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Neues Forum" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neues_Forum" title="Neues Forum – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neues Forum" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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For the Montreal hockey arena, see <a href="/wiki/Bell_Centre" title="Bell Centre">Bell Centre</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/New_Forum" title="Special:EditPage/New Forum">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22New+Forum%22">"New Forum"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22New+Forum%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22New+Forum%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22New+Forum%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22New+Forum%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22New+Forum%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid black; border-bottom:2px solid black; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">New Forum</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Neues Forum</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NEUES_FORUM_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NEUES_FORUM_Logo.jpg/250px-NEUES_FORUM_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NEUES_FORUM_Logo.jpg/375px-NEUES_FORUM_Logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NEUES_FORUM_Logo.jpg/500px-NEUES_FORUM_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="754" data-file-height="415" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo prior to 1990</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">9/10 September 1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Legalized</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">8 November 1989</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">7 February 1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90" title="Alliance 90">Alliance 90</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid black;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_East_Germany" title="Politics of East Germany">Politics of East Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in East Germany">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>New Forum</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Neues Forum</i>) was a political movement in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> formed in the months leading up to the collapse of the East German state. It was founded on 9 September 1989<sup id="cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deutschlandfunk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the first independent (non-<a href="/wiki/National_Front_(East_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (East Germany)">National Front</a>) political movement to be recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party of Germany</a>-led state on 8 November 1989. In February 1990 it formed <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90" title="Alliance 90">Alliance 90</a> (Bündnis 90) with <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now_(East_Germany)" title="Democracy Now (East Germany)">Democracy Now</a> (Demokratie Jetzt) (DJ) and the <a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Peace_and_Human_Rights" title="Initiative for Peace and Human Rights">Initiative for Peace and Human Rights</a> (Initiative für Frieden und Menschenrechte) (IFM). </p><p>The New Forum was the first countrywide political movement in the GDR outside the Protestant church. Members of the Peace Movement, including <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel_Bohley" title="Bärbel Bohley">Bärbel Bohley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingrid_K%C3%B6ppe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingrid Köppe (page does not exist)">Ingrid Köppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Henrich" title="Rolf Henrich">Rolf Henrich</a>, Jens Reich and <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Meinel" title="Reinhard Meinel">Reinhard Meinel</a> signed the "Aufbruch 89" [Initiative 89] founding proclamation on 9/10 September 1989 in <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnheide" class="mw-redirect" title="Grünheide">Grünheide</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had been the last home of the dissident <a href="/wiki/Robert_Havemann" title="Robert Havemann">Robert Havemann</a>. New Forum demanded a dialogue about democratic reforms, with the aim, together with the largest possible participation from the population, of 'reshaping' society. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Forum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1104-036,_Berlin,_Demonstration,_Rede_Jens_Reich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1104-036%2C_Berlin%2C_Demonstration%2C_Rede_Jens_Reich.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1104-036%2C_Berlin%2C_Demonstration%2C_Rede_Jens_Reich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1104-036%2C_Berlin%2C_Demonstration%2C_Rede_Jens_Reich.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1104-036%2C_Berlin%2C_Demonstration%2C_Rede_Jens_Reich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1104-036%2C_Berlin%2C_Demonstration%2C_Rede_Jens_Reich.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1104-036%2C_Berlin%2C_Demonstration%2C_Rede_Jens_Reich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="524" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jens_Reich" title="Jens Reich">Jens Reich</a> of New Forum speaking at the <a href="/wiki/Alexanderplatz_demonstration" title="Alexanderplatz demonstration">Alexanderplatz demonstration</a> on 4 November 1989</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>19 September 1989 – Members apply for registration</li> <li>21 September 1989 – Registration denied by the Interior Ministry: the New Forum is 'anti-state' and 'illegal'. Demonstrations follow. The increased pressure forces the authorities to allow New Forum to exist, and finally recognise it as a political organisation.</li> <li>By the end of 1989, 200,000 people have signed the proclamation, and there are approx. 10,000 full members. New Forum demands free and democratic elections. Local New Forum groups are active mostly in the cities. Discussions about the development of grass-roots democracy led by the end of 1989 to a dispute over whether New Forum should become a party or remain a movement.</li> <li>27–28 January 1990 – About one quarter of the members (mostly from the southern regions of the GDR) split from New Forum and form the <a href="/wiki/German_Forum_Party" title="German Forum Party">German Forum Party</a> (DFP). New Forum retains its grass-roots democratic structure.</li> <li>February 1990 – New Forum joins with other opposition groups (Initiative Frieden und Menschenrechte (The Initiative for Peace and Human Rights] and Demokratie Jetzt [Democracy Now]) to form the political party Bündnis 90.</li> <li>May 1993 – Bündnis 90 and the West German Green party join to form <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_90/Die_Gr%C3%BCnen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis 90/Die Grünen">Bündnis 90/Die Grünen</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_former_members">Notable former members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Forum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable former members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Bergner" title="Christoph Bergner">Christoph Bergner</a>, later joined <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Democratic Union (Germany)">CDU</a>, Minister-President of Saxony-Anhalt 1993–94</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rbel_Bohley" title="Bärbel Bohley">Bärbel Bohley</a><sup id="cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deutschlandfunk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Gauck" title="Joachim Gauck">Joachim Gauck</a>, Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Archives 1990–2000, President of Germany 2012–2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Henrich" title="Rolf Henrich">Rolf Henrich</a>, writer and lawyer<sup id="cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deutschlandfunk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Heym" title="Stefan Heym">Stefan Heym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Josef_Liefers" title="Jan Josef Liefers">Jan Josef Liefers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petra_Lux" title="Petra Lux">Petra Lux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_M%C3%BChe" title="Ulrich Mühe">Ulrich Mühe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiner_M%C3%BCller" title="Heiner Müller">Heiner Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Nolte" title="Claudia Nolte">Claudia Nolte</a>, later joined CDU, Minister of Family, Seniors, Women and Youth Affairs 1994–98</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Reich" title="Jens Reich">Jens Reich</a><sup id="cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deutschlandfunk-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Schulz" title="Werner Schulz">Werner Schulz</a>, later joined <a href="/wiki/Alliance_%2790/The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliance '90/The Greens">Alliance '90/The Greens</a>, Member of European Parliament 2009–2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karin_Ugowski" title="Karin Ugowski">Karin Ugowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johanna_Wanka" title="Johanna Wanka">Johanna Wanka</a>, later joined CDU, Minister of Education and Research 2013–2018</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Forum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:New_Forum_politicians" title="Category:New Forum politicians">Category:New Forum politicians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Forum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-deutschlandfunk-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deutschlandfunk_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFConradt2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Conradt, Sylvia (9 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/25-jahre-neues-forum-gegenwind-im-ddr-apparat-100.html">"25 Jahre "Neues Forum"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandfunk" title="Deutschlandfunk">Deutschlandfunk</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=25+Jahre+%22Neues+Forum%22&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft.aulast=Conradt&rft.aufirst=Sylvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschlandfunk.de%2F25-jahre-neues-forum-gegenwind-im-ddr-apparat-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooss2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Booss, Christian (9 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/aufbruch-89-neues-forum-es-lag-etwas-in-der-luft/1596266.html">"Es lag etwas in der Luft"</a>. <i>www.tagesspiegel.de</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Der_Tagesspiegel" title="Der Tagesspiegel">Der Tagesspiegel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191126001046/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/aufbruch-89-neues-forum-es-lag-etwas-in-der-luft/1596266.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tagesspiegel.de&rft.atitle=Es+lag+etwas+in+der+Luft&rft.date=2009-09-09&rft.aulast=Booss&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Faufbruch-89-neues-forum-es-lag-etwas-in-der-luft%2F1596266.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurch1989" class="citation magazine cs1">Church, George (20 November 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3558854/freedom-the-berlin-wall/">"Freedom! The Berlin Wall"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Freedom%21+The+Berlin+Wall&rft.date=1989-11-20&rft.aulast=Church&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3558854%2Ffreedom-the-berlin-wall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Forum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Forum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040520140810/http://www.chronikderwende.de/english/term.jsp?key=E_NF">New Forum from <i>chronik der wende</i></a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Germany#Parties_in_(former)_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Germany">Political parties</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Bloc_(East_Germany)" title="Democratic Bloc (East Germany)">Democratic Bloc</a> (1945–1950)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany" title="Communist Party of Germany">Communist Party of Germany</a> (to 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">Social Democratic Party of Germany</a> (to 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(East_Germany)" title="Christian Democratic Union (East Germany)">Christian Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Germany">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party of Germany</a> (from 1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties of the <br /><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(East_Germany)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (East Germany)">National Front</a> (1950–1989)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(East_Germany)" title="Christian Democratic Union (East Germany)">Christian Democratic Union of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Germany">Liberal Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany_(East_Germany)" title="National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany)">National Democratic Party of Germany</a> (formed in 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Farmers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany">Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany</a> (formed in 1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties during and after the <br /><a href="/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution" title="Peaceful Revolution">Peaceful Revolution</a> (1989–1990)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90" title="Alliance 90">Alliance 90</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now_(East_Germany)" title="Democracy Now (East Germany)">Democracy Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Peace_and_Human_Rights" title="Initiative for Peace and Human Rights">Initiative for Peace and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New Forum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Germany" title="Alliance for Germany">Alliance for Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_(East_Germany)" title="Christian Democratic Union (East Germany)">Christian Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Awakening">Democratic Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Social_Union_(East_Germany)" title="German Social Union (East Germany)">German Social Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Free_Democrats" title="Association of Free Democrats">Association of Free Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Liberal Democratic Party of Germany">Liberal Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(East_Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (East Germany)">Free Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Forum_Party" title="German Forum Party">German Forum Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Farmers%27_Party_of_Germany" title="Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany">Democratic Farmers' Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Germany_(1990)" title="Communist Party of Germany (1990)"> Communist Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_Green_Party" title="East German Green Party">Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany_(East_Germany)" title="National Democratic Party of Germany (East Germany)">National Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_in_the_GDR" title="Social Democratic Party in the GDR">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party of Germany</a>—<a href="/wiki/Party_of_Democratic_Socialism_(Germany)" title="Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)">Party of Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(East_Germany)" title="United Left (East Germany)">United Left</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituent Mass Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Trade_Union_Federation" title="Free German Trade Union Federation">Free German Trade Union Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_German_Youth" title="Free German Youth">Free German Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Women%27s_Federation_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Women's Federation of Germany">Democratic Women's Federation of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Association_of_the_GDR" title="Cultural Association of the GDR">Cultural Association of the GDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants_Mutual_Aid_Association" title="Peasants Mutual Aid Association">Peasants Mutual Aid Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/32px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/48px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/64px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:East_Germany" title="Portal:East Germany">East Germany portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_East_Germany" title="Politics of East Germany">Politics of East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Germany#Parties_in_(former)_East_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Germany">Political parties in East Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646129#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1494" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646129#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1494" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646129#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5039449-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n90679934">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Neues Forum (politická strana)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2010498737&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Neues Forum Leipzig"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050513035&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007444152105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th 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