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href="#Aging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Aging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obesity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obesity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Obesity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obesity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SERMs_for_other_treatment_purposes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SERMs_for_other_treatment_purposes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>SERMs for other treatment purposes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SERMs_for_other_treatment_purposes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Estrogen insensitivity syndrome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligands</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ligands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ligands subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ligands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agonists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agonists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Agonists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agonists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mixed_(agonist_and_antagonist_mode_of_action)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixed_(agonist_and_antagonist_mode_of_action)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mixed (agonist and antagonist mode of action)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixed_(agonist_and_antagonist_mode_of_action)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antagonists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antagonists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Antagonists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antagonists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affinities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affinities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Affinities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affinities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Binding_and_functional_selectivity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Binding_and_functional_selectivity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Binding and functional selectivity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Binding_and_functional_selectivity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Discovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrogen receptor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مستقبلات الإستروجين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستقبلات الإستروجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogeni_receptor" title="Estrogeni receptor – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Estrogeni receptor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptors_d%27estrogen" title="Receptors d'estrogen – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Receptors d'estrogen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenov%C3%BD_receptor" title="Estrogenový receptor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Estrogenový receptor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogenrezeptor" title="Estrogenrezeptor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Estrogenrezeptor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_de_estr%C3%B3geno" title="Receptor de estrógeno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Receptor de estrógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86" title="گیرنده استروژن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیرنده استروژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cepteur_des_%C5%93strog%C3%A8nes" title="Récepteur des œstrogènes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Récepteur des œstrogènes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_de_estr%C3%B3xeno" title="Receptor de estróxeno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Receptor de estróxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EA%B2%90_%EC%88%98%EC%9A%A9%EC%B2%B4" title="에스트로겐 수용체 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스트로겐 수용체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9F" title="קולטן אסטרוגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולטן אסטרוגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reseptor_estrogen" title="Reseptor estrogen – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Reseptor estrogen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%B9%E4%BD%93" title="エストロゲン受容体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エストロゲン受容体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_retseptorlari" title="Estrogen retseptorlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Estrogen retseptorlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recetor_de_estrog%C3%A9nio" title="Recetor de estrogénio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Recetor de estrogénio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эстрогеновый рецептор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстрогеновый рецептор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogeenireseptori" title="Estrogeenireseptori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Estrogeenireseptori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96strogenreceptorer" title="Östrogenreceptorer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Östrogenreceptorer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Естрогенові рецептори – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Естрогенові рецептори" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q416496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen receptor alpha">estrogen receptor 1</a> (ER-alpha)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.png/220px-PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.png/330px-PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.png/440px-PBB_Protein_ESR1_image.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERα (<a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> rendering based on <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3erd">3erd</a></span>).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen receptor alpha">ESR1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Alt. symbols</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">ER-α, NR3A1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information#Gene" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI gene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2099&rn=1">2099</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3467">3467</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/133430">133430</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ERE">1ERE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_000125">NM_000125</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P03372">P03372</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Other data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Locus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_6_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 6 (human)">Chr. 6</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&search=6q24">q24-q27</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search for</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/P03372">Swiss-model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Domains</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P03372">InterPro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen receptor beta">estrogen receptor 2</a> (ER-beta)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estrogen_receptor_beta_1U3S.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Estrogen_receptor_beta_1U3S.png/200px-Estrogen_receptor_beta_1U3S.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Estrogen_receptor_beta_1U3S.png/300px-Estrogen_receptor_beta_1U3S.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Estrogen_receptor_beta_1U3S.png/400px-Estrogen_receptor_beta_1U3S.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="934" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A dimer of the ligand-binding region of ERβ (<a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> rendering based on <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1u3s">1u3s</a></span>).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/ESR2" class="mw-redirect" title="ESR2">ESR2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Alt. symbols</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">ER-β, NR3A2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information#Gene" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI gene</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=2100&rn=1">2100</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/HUGO_Gene_Nomenclature_Committee" title="HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee">HGNC</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:3468">3468</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/601663">601663</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1QKM">1QKM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/RefSeq" title="RefSeq">RefSeq</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/NM_001040275">NM_001040275</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Swiss-Prot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss-Prot">UniProt</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q92731">Q92731</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Other data</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Locus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_14_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 14 (human)">Chr. 14</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/search/?index=geneMap&search=14q21">q21-q22</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Search for</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Structures</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q92731">Swiss-model</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;">Domains</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/Q92731">InterPro</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Estrogen receptors</b> (<b>ERs</b>) are <a href="/wiki/Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteins">proteins</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a> that function as <a href="/wiki/Receptor_(biochemistry)" title="Receptor (biochemistry)">receptors</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a> (<a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-estradiol" class="mw-redirect" title="17β-estradiol">17β-estradiol</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17132854_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17132854-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two main classes of ERs. The first includes the <a href="/wiki/Intracellular" class="mw-redirect" title="Intracellular">intracellular</a> estrogen receptors, namely <a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ERα">ERα</a> and <a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ERβ">ERβ</a>, which belong to the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">nuclear receptor</a> family. The second class consists of <a href="/wiki/Membrane_estrogen_receptor" title="Membrane estrogen receptor">membrane estrogen receptors</a> (mERs), such as <a href="/wiki/GPER" title="GPER">GPER</a> (GPR30), <a href="/wiki/ER-X" title="ER-X">ER-X</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gq-mER" title="Gq-mER">G<sub>q</sub>-mER</a>, which are primarily <a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor" title="G protein-coupled receptor">G protein-coupled receptors</a>. This article focuses on the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). </p><p>Upon activation by estrogen, intracellular ERs undergo <a href="/wiki/Protein_targeting" title="Protein targeting">translocation</a> to the nucleus where they bind to specific DNA sequences. As DNA-binding <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factors</a>, they regulate the activity of various genes. However, ERs also exhibit functions that are independent of their DNA-binding capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15705661_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15705661-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These non-genomic actions contribute to the diverse effects of estrogen signaling in cells. </p><p>Estrogen receptors (ERs) belong to the family of <a href="/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptor" title="Steroid hormone receptor">steroid hormone receptors</a>, which are <a href="/wiki/Hormone_receptor" title="Hormone receptor">hormone receptors</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sex_steroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex steroid">sex steroids</a>. Along with <a href="/wiki/Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">androgen receptors</a> (ARs) and <a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">progesterone receptors</a> (PRs), ERs play crucial roles in regulating <a href="/wiki/Sexual_maturity" title="Sexual maturity">sexual maturation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gestation" title="Gestation">gestation</a>. These receptors mediate the effects of their respective hormones, contributing to the development and maintenance of <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproductive functions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sexual_characteristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sexual characteristic">secondary sexual characteristics</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genes">Genes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In humans, the two forms of the estrogen receptor are encoded by different <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=ESR1">ESR1</a></i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=ESR2">ESR2</a></i> on the sixth and fourteenth <a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> (6q25.1 and 14q23.2), respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Er_domains.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Er_domains.svg/400px-Er_domains.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Er_domains.svg/600px-Er_domains.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Er_domains.svg/800px-Er_domains.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>The domain structures of ERα and ERβ, including some of the known phosphorylation sites involved in ligand-independent regulation.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Estrogen receptor alpha<br />N-terminal AF1 domain</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">Oest_recep</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF02159">PF02159</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/InterPro" title="InterPro">InterPro</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001292">IPR001292</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Structural_Classification_of_Proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Structural Classification of Proteins">SCOP2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scop2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/search?t=txt;q=1hcp">1hcp</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1hcp">SCOPe</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/search.cgi?search_field=1hcp">SUPFAM</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF02159?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF02159">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF02159%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF02159">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF02159">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF02159">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Estrogen and estrogen related receptor C-terminal domain</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee">ESR1_C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a></th><td class="infobox-data pfam" style="background-color: #eee"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/pfam/PF12743">PF12743</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="background-color: #eee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float:none; clear:none; margin:0; border-width:0; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:left; width:100%"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ddd">Available protein structures:</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pfam" title="Pfam">Pfam</a>  </th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pfam.xfam.org/family/PF12743?tab=pdbBlock">structures</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prodata.swmed.edu/ecod/complete/search?kw=PF12743">ECOD</a>  </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.annotation_id:PF12743%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_annotation.type:Pfam">RCSB PDB</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index?pfam_accession:PF12743">PDBe</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdbj.org/search/pdb?other_db_select=PFam&other_db_field=PF12743">PDBj</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background-color: #e7dcc3; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 2px 0 0;"><a href="/wiki/PDBsum" title="PDBsum">PDBsum</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="background-color: #eee; border:#fafafa 2px solid; border-width:3px 0 0 2px;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/databases/cgi-bin/pdbsum/GetPfamStr.pl?pfam_id=PF12743">structure summary</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are two different forms of the estrogen receptor, usually referred to as <b><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen receptor alpha">α</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen receptor beta">β</a></b>, each encoded by a separate gene (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=ESR1">ESR1</a></i> and <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/genes?query=ESR2">ESR2</a></i>, respectively). Hormone-activated estrogen receptors form <a href="/wiki/Protein_dimer" title="Protein dimer">dimers</a>, and, since the two forms are coexpressed in many cell types, the receptors may form ERα (αα) or ERβ (ββ) homodimers or ERαβ (αβ) heterodimers.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15314175_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15314175-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrogen receptor alpha and beta show significant overall sequence homology, and both are composed of five <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domains</a> designated A/B through F (listed from the N- to C-terminus; <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acid</a> sequence numbers refer to human ER).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/N-terminus" title="N-terminus">N-terminal</a> A/B domain is able to <a href="/wiki/Transactivation" title="Transactivation">transactivate</a> gene transcription in the absence of bound <a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligand</a> (e.g., the estrogen hormone). While this region is able to activate gene transcription without ligand, this activation is weak and more selective compared to the activation provided by the E domain. The C domain, also known as the <a href="/wiki/DNA-binding_domain" title="DNA-binding domain">DNA-binding domain</a>, binds to estrogen <a href="/wiki/Response_element" title="Response element">response elements</a> in DNA. The D domain is a hinge region that connects the C and E domains. The E domain contains the ligand binding cavity as well as binding sites for <a href="/wiki/Coactivator_(genetics)" title="Coactivator (genetics)">coactivator</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corepressor_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corepressor (genetics)">corepressor</a> proteins. The E-domain in the presence of bound ligand is able to activate gene transcription. The <a href="/wiki/C-terminus" title="C-terminus">C-terminal</a> F domain function is not entirely clear and is variable in length.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Due to alternative RNA splicing, several ER isoforms are known to exist. At least three ERα and five ERβ isoforms have been identified. The ERβ isoforms receptor subtypes can transactivate transcription only when a heterodimer with the functional ERß1 receptor of 59 kDa is formed. The ERß3 receptor was detected at high levels in the testis. The two other ERα isoforms are 36 and 46kDa.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only in fish, but not in humans, an ERγ receptor has been described.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tissue_distribution">Tissue distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tissue distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both ERs are widely expressed in different tissue types, however there are some notable differences in their expression patterns:<sup id="cite_ref-pmid9348186_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid9348186-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <i>ERα</i> is found in <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a> cells, ovarian stromal cells, and the <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15990721_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15990721-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In males, <i>ERα</i> protein is found in the epithelium of the <a href="/wiki/Efferent_ducts" title="Efferent ducts">efferent ducts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12904263_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12904263-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The expression of the <i>ERβ</i> protein has been documented in ovarian <a href="/wiki/Granulosa_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Granulosa cells">granulosa cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidney" title="Kidney">kidney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11861041_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11861041-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lungs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungs">lungs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestine">intestinal</a> mucosa, <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Endothelium" title="Endothelium">endothelial</a> cells.</li></ul> <p>The ERs are regarded to be cytoplasmic receptors in their unliganded state, but visualization research has shown that only a small fraction of the ERs reside in the cytoplasm, with most ER constitutively in the nucleus.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "ERα" primary transcript gives rise to several alternatively spliced variants of unknown function.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signal_transduction">Signal transduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Signal transduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since estrogen is a <a href="/wiki/Steroidal_hormone" class="mw-redirect" title="Steroidal hormone">steroidal hormone</a>, it can readily diffuse through the <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Phospholipid membrane">phospholipid membranes</a> of cells due to its <a href="/wiki/Lipophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipophilic">lipophilic</a> nature. As a result, estrogen receptors can be located intracellularly and do not necessarily need to be membrane-bound to interact with estrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-Yaşar_2017_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yaşar_2017-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, both intracellular and membrane-bound estrogen receptors exist, each mediating different cellular responses to estrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuentes_2019_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuentes_2019-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genomic">Genomic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Genomic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the absence of hormone, estrogen receptors are predominantly located in the cytoplasm.<sup id="cite_ref-Dahlman-Wright_2006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahlman-Wright_2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hormone binding triggers a series of events, beginning with the migration of the receptor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. This is followed by the dimerization of the receptor, where two receptor molecules join together. Finally, the receptor dimer binds to specific DNA sequences known as <a href="/wiki/Hormone_response_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormone response element">hormone response elements</a>, initiating the process of <a href="/wiki/Gene_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene regulation">gene regulation</a>. </p><p>The DNA/receptor complex then recruits other proteins responsible for <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transcription (genetics)">transcription</a> of downstream DNA into mRNA and ultimately protein, resulting in changes in cell function.<sup id="cite_ref-Dahlman-Wright_2006_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahlman-Wright_2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrogen receptors are also present within the <a href="/wiki/Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">cell nucleus</a>, and both estrogen receptor subtypes (ERα and ERβ) contain a <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>-binding <a href="/wiki/Protein_domain" title="Protein domain">domain</a>, allowing them to function as <a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">transcription factors</a> regulating <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-Levin_2005_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Levin_2005-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The receptor also interacts with transcription factors such as <a href="/wiki/AP-1_(transcription_factor)" class="mw-redirect" title="AP-1 (transcription factor)">activator protein 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sp1_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sp1 (biology)">Sp-1</a> to promote transcription, via several coactivators including <a href="/wiki/PELP-1" title="PELP-1">PELP-1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dahlman-Wright_2006_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dahlman-Wright_2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene" title="Tumor suppressor gene">Tumor suppressor</a> <a href="/wiki/Kinase" title="Kinase">kinase</a> <a href="/wiki/STK11" title="STK11">LKB1</a> coactivates ERα in the cell nucleus through direct binding, recruiting it to the promoter of ERα-responsive genes. LKB1's catalytic activity enhances ERα transactivation compared to catalytically deficient LKB1 mutants.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Direct acetylation of estrogen receptor alpha at lysine residues in the hinge region by p300 regulates transactivation and hormone sensitivity.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2001_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2001-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-genomic">Non-genomic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Non-genomic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nuclear estrogen receptors can also associate with the <a href="/wiki/Plasma_membrane" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma membrane">cell surface membrane</a> and undergo rapid activation upon cellular exposure to estrogen.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15642158_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15642158-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Björnström_2004_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Björnström_2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some ERs interact with cell membranes by binding to <a href="/wiki/Caveolin" title="Caveolin">caveolin-1</a> and forming complexes with <a href="/wiki/G_protein" title="G protein">G proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/STRN" title="STRN">striatin</a>, receptor <a href="/wiki/Tyrosine_kinase" title="Tyrosine kinase">tyrosine kinases</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor" title="Epidermal growth factor receptor">EGFR</a> and <a href="/wiki/IGF-1" class="mw-redirect" title="IGF-1">IGF-1</a>), and non-receptor tyrosine kinases (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Src_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Src (gene)">Src</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15705661_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15705661-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid15642158_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15642158-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membrane-bound ERs associated with striatin can increase levels of <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca<sup>2+</sup></a> and <a href="/wiki/Nitric_oxide" title="Nitric oxide">nitric oxide</a> (NO).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15569929_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15569929-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interactions with receptor tyrosine kinases trigger signaling to the nucleus via the <a href="/wiki/Mitogen-activated_protein_kinase" title="Mitogen-activated protein kinase">mitogen-activated protein kinase</a> (MAPK/ERK) and <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase" title="Phosphoinositide 3-kinase">phosphoinositide 3-kinase</a> (Pl3K/<a href="/wiki/AKT" class="mw-redirect" title="AKT">AKT</a>) pathways.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid7491495_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7491495-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/GSK-3" title="GSK-3">Glycogen synthase kinase-3</a> (GSK)-3β inhibits nuclear ER transcription by preventing <a href="/wiki/Phosphorylation" title="Phosphorylation">phosphorylation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine">serine</a> 118 on nuclear ERα. The PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways can phosphorylate GSK-3β, thereby removing its inhibitory effect, with the latter pathway acting via <a href="/wiki/Ribosomal_s6_kinase" title="Ribosomal s6 kinase">rsk</a>. </p><p>17β-Estradiol has been shown to activate the <a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor" title="G protein-coupled receptor">G protein-coupled receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/GPR30" class="mw-redirect" title="GPR30">GPR30</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17222505_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17222505-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the subcellular localization and precise role of this receptor remain controversial.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18566127_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18566127-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nolvadex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nolvadex.jpg/160px-Nolvadex.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nolvadex.jpg/240px-Nolvadex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nolvadex.jpg/320px-Nolvadex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2119" data-file-height="1423" /></a><figcaption>Nolvadex (<a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">tamoxifen</a>) 20 mg</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arimidex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Arimidex.jpg/160px-Arimidex.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Arimidex.jpg/240px-Arimidex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Arimidex.jpg/320px-Arimidex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2182" /></a><figcaption>Arimidex (<a href="/wiki/Anastrozole" title="Anastrozole">anastrozole</a>) 1 mg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cancer">Cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrogen receptors are over-expressed in around 70% of <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a> cases, referred to as "<a href="/wiki/ER-positive" class="mw-redirect" title="ER-positive">ER-positive</a>", and can be demonstrated in such tissues using <a href="/wiki/Immunohistochemistry" title="Immunohistochemistry">immunohistochemistry</a>. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain why this causes <a href="/wiki/Tumorigenesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumorigenesis">tumorigenesis</a>, and the available evidence suggests that both mechanisms contribute: </p> <ul><li>First, binding of estrogen to the ER stimulates proliferation of <a href="/wiki/Mammary_gland" title="Mammary gland">mammary cells</a>, with the resulting increase in <a href="/wiki/Cell_division" title="Cell division">cell division</a> and <a href="/wiki/DNA_replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a>, leading to mutations.</li> <li>Second, estrogen metabolism produces <a href="/wiki/Genotoxic" class="mw-redirect" title="Genotoxic">genotoxic</a> waste.</li></ul> <p>The result of both processes is disruption of <a href="/wiki/Cell_cycle" title="Cell cycle">cell cycle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/DNA_repair" title="DNA repair">DNA repair</a>, which increases the chance of tumour formation. ERα is certainly associated with more differentiated tumours, while evidence that ERβ is involved is controversial. Different versions of the <i>ESR1</i> gene have been identified (with <a href="/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism" title="Single-nucleotide polymorphism">single-nucleotide polymorphisms</a>) and are associated with different risks of developing breast cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16511588_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16511588-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estrogen and the ERs have also been implicated in <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_cancer" title="Ovarian cancer">ovarian cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colon_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon cancer">colon cancer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Endometrial_cancer" title="Endometrial cancer">endometrial cancer</a>. Advanced colon cancer is associated with a loss of ERβ, the predominant ER in colon tissue, and colon cancer is treated with ERβ-specific agonists.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid14500559_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid14500559-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Endocrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocrine">Endocrine</a> therapy for breast cancer involves <a href="/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulator" title="Selective estrogen receptor modulator">selective estrogen receptor modulators</a> (SERMS), such as <a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">tamoxifen</a>, which behave as ER antagonists in breast tissue, or <a href="/wiki/Aromatase_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatase inhibitors">aromatase inhibitors</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Anastrozole" title="Anastrozole">anastrozole</a>. ER status is used to determine sensitivity of breast cancer lesions to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12363457_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12363457-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another SERM, <a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">raloxifene</a>, has been used as a preventive chemotherapy for women judged to have a high risk of developing breast cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15755972_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15755972-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another chemotherapeutic anti-estrogen, <a href="/wiki/ICI_182,780" class="mw-redirect" title="ICI 182,780">ICI 182,780</a> (Faslodex), which acts as a complete antagonist, also promotes degradation of the estrogen receptor. </p><p>However, <i><a href="/wiki/Mutation" title="Mutation">de novo</a></i> resistance to endocrine therapy undermines the efficacy of using competitive inhibitors like tamoxifen. Hormone deprivation through the use of aromatase inhibitors is also rendered futile.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massively parallel genome sequencing has revealed the common presence of point mutations on <i><a href="/wiki/ESR1" class="mw-redirect" title="ESR1">ESR1</a></i> that are drivers for resistance, and promote the agonist conformation of ERα without the bound <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligand</a>. Such constitutive, estrogen-independent activity is driven by specific mutations, such as the D538G or Y537S/C/N mutations, in the ligand binding domain of <i>ESR1</i> and promote cell proliferation and tumor progression without hormone stimulation.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menopause">Menopause</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Menopause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The metabolic effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women has been linked to the genetic polymorphism of <a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen receptor beta">estrogen receptor beta (ER-β)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21117950_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21117950-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aging">Aging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Studies in female mice have shown that estrogen receptor-alpha declines in the pre-optic <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a> as they grow old. Female mice that were given a <a href="/wiki/Calorically_restricted" class="mw-redirect" title="Calorically restricted">calorically restricted</a> diet during the majority of their lives maintained higher levels of ERα in the pre-optic hypothalamus than their non-calorically restricted counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15990721_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15990721-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obesity">Obesity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Obesity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A dramatic demonstration of the importance of estrogens in the regulation of fat deposition comes from <a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_organism" title="Genetically modified organism">transgenic mice</a> that were genetically engineered to lack a functional <a href="/wiki/Aromatase" title="Aromatase">aromatase</a> gene. These mice have very low levels of estrogen and are obese.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12933663_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12933663-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Obesity was also observed in estrogen deficient female mice lacking the <a href="/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone_receptor" title="Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor">follicle-stimulating hormone receptor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11089565_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11089565-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effect of low estrogen on increased obesity has been linked to estrogen receptor alpha.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11095962_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11095962-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SERMs_for_other_treatment_purposes">SERMs for other treatment purposes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: SERMs for other treatment purposes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SERMs are also being studied for the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Uterine_fibroid" title="Uterine fibroid">uterine fibroids</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Endometriosis" title="Endometriosis">endometriosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evidence supporting the use of SERMs for treating uterine fibroids (reduction in size of fibroids and improving other clinical outcomes) is inconclusive and more research is needed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also not clear if SERMs is effective for treating endometriosis.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome">Estrogen insensitivity syndrome</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Estrogen insensitivity syndrome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Estrogen insensitivity syndrome">Estrogen insensitivity syndrome</a> is a rare <a href="/wiki/Intersex" title="Intersex">intersex</a> condition with 5 reported cases, in which estrogen receptors do not function. The <a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> results in extensive <a href="/wiki/Masculinization" class="mw-redirect" title="Masculinization">masculinization</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Androgen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Androgen insensitivity syndrome">androgen insensitivity syndrome</a>, EIS does not result in phenotype <a href="/wiki/Sex_reversal" title="Sex reversal">sex reversal</a>. It is incredibly rare and is anologious to the AIS, and forms of <a href="/wiki/Adrenal_hyperplasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrenal hyperplasia">adrenal hyperplasia</a>. The reason why AIS is common and EIS is exceptionally rare is that XX AIS does not result in <a href="/wiki/Infertility" title="Infertility">infertility</a>, and therefore can be <a href="/wiki/Non-Mendelian_inheritance" title="Non-Mendelian inheritance">maternally inheirented</a>, while EIS always results in infertility regardless of <a href="/wiki/Karyotype" title="Karyotype">karyotype</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Negative_feedback_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative feedback loop">negative feedback loop</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine system</a> also occurs in EIS, in which the <a href="/wiki/Gonad" title="Gonad">gonads</a> produce markedly higher levels of <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogen</a> for individuals with EIS (119–272 pg/mL XY and 750–3,500 pg/mL XX, see <a href="/wiki/Estradiol#Levels" title="Estradiol">average levels</a>) however no <a href="/wiki/Feminization_(biology)" title="Feminization (biology)">feminizing</a> effects occur.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligands">Ligands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ligands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agonists">Agonists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Agonists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endogenous" class="mw-redirect" title="Endogenous">Endogenous</a> <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">estradiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estrone" title="Estrone">estrone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">estriol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estetrol" title="Estetrol">estetrol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">Natural</a> <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Conjugated_estrogens" title="Conjugated estrogens">conjugated estrogens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic compound">Synthetic</a> <a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">estrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">ethinylestradiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">diethylstilbestrol</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixed_(agonist_and_antagonist_mode_of_action)"><span id="Mixed_.28agonist_and_antagonist_mode_of_action.29"></span>Mixed (agonist and antagonist mode of action)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Mixed (agonist and antagonist mode of action)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phytoestrogen" title="Phytoestrogen">Phytoestrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Coumestrol" title="Coumestrol">coumestrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">daidzein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">genistein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miroestrol" title="Miroestrol">miroestrol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulator" title="Selective estrogen receptor modulator">Selective estrogen receptor modulators</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">tamoxifen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clomifene" title="Clomifene">clomifene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">raloxifene</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antagonists">Antagonists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Antagonists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiestrogen" title="Antiestrogen">Antiestrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Fulvestrant" title="Fulvestrant">fulvestrant</a>, <a href="/wiki/ICI-164384" title="ICI-164384">ICI-164384</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethamoxytriphetol" title="Ethamoxytriphetol">ethamoxytriphetol</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affinities">Affinities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Affinities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size: small; text-align:left; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; border:none;"> <caption class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Affinities_of_estrogen_receptor_ligands_for_the_ER%CE%B1_and_ER%CE%B2" title="Template:Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Affinities_of_estrogen_receptor_ligands_for_the_ER%CE%B1_and_ER%CE%B2" title="Template talk:Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Affinities_of_estrogen_receptor_ligands_for_the_ER%CE%B1_and_ER%CE%B2" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <span style="font-size:104%;">Affinities of estrogen receptor ligands for the ERα and ERβ</span> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">Ligand</a></th> <th rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Other names</th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Relative_binding_affinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative binding affinity">Relative binding affinities</a> (RBA, %)<sup>a</sup></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_binding_affinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute binding affinity">Absolute binding affinities</a> (K<sub>i</sub>, nM)<sup>a</sup></th> <th rowspan="2">Action </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ERα">ERα</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ERβ">ERβ</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ERα">ERα</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ERβ">ERβ</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_(medication)" title="Estradiol (medication)">Estradiol</a></td> <td>E2; 17β-Estradiol</td> <td>100</td> <td>100</td> <td>0.115 (0.04–0.24)</td> <td>0.15 (0.10–2.08)</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrone_(medication)" title="Estrone (medication)">Estrone</a></td> <td>E1; 17-Ketoestradiol</td> <td>16.39 (0.7–60)</td> <td>6.5 (1.36–52)</td> <td>0.445 (0.3–1.01)</td> <td>1.75 (0.35–9.24)</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estriol_(medication)" title="Estriol (medication)">Estriol</a></td> <td>E3; 16α-OH-17β-E2</td> <td>12.65 (4.03–56)</td> <td>26 (14.0–44.6)</td> <td>0.45 (0.35–1.4)</td> <td>0.7 (0.63–0.7)</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estetrol_(medication)" title="Estetrol (medication)">Estetrol</a></td> <td>E4; 15α,16α-Di-OH-17β-E2</td> <td>4.0</td> <td>3.0</td> <td>4.9</td> <td>19</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">Alfatradiol</a></td> <td>17α-Estradiol</td> <td>20.5 (7–80.1)</td> <td>8.195 (2–42)</td> <td>0.2–0.52</td> <td>0.43–1.2</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16-Epiestriol" class="mw-redirect" title="16-Epiestriol">16-Epiestriol</a></td> <td>16β-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol</td> <td>7.795 (4.94–63)</td> <td>50</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17-Epiestriol" class="mw-redirect" title="17-Epiestriol">17-Epiestriol</a></td> <td>16α-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol</td> <td>55.45 (29–103)</td> <td>79–80</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16,17-Epiestriol" class="mw-redirect" title="16,17-Epiestriol">16,17-Epiestriol</a></td> <td>16β-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>13</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a></td> <td>2-OH-E2</td> <td>22 (7–81)</td> <td>11–35</td> <td>2.5</td> <td>1.3</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestradiol" title="2-Methoxyestradiol">2-Methoxyestradiol</a></td> <td>2-MeO-E2</td> <td>0.0027–2.0</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestradiol" title="4-Hydroxyestradiol">4-Hydroxyestradiol</a></td> <td>4-OH-E2</td> <td>13 (8–70)</td> <td>7–56</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>1.9</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestradiol" title="4-Methoxyestradiol">4-Methoxyestradiol</a></td> <td>4-MeO-E2</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a></td> <td>2-OH-E1</td> <td>2.0–4.0</td> <td>0.2–0.4</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestrone" title="2-Methoxyestrone">2-Methoxyestrone</a></td> <td>2-MeO-E1</td> <td><0.001–<1</td> <td><1</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestrone" title="4-Hydroxyestrone">4-Hydroxyestrone</a></td> <td>4-OH-E1</td> <td>1.0–2.0</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestrone" title="4-Methoxyestrone">4-Methoxyestrone</a></td> <td>4-MeO-E1</td> <td><1</td> <td><1</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyestrone" title="16α-Hydroxyestrone">16α-Hydroxyestrone</a></td> <td>16α-OH-E1; 17-Ketoestriol</td> <td>2.0–6.5</td> <td>35</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestriol" title="2-Hydroxyestriol">2-Hydroxyestriol</a></td> <td>2-OH-E3</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestriol" title="4-Methoxyestriol">4-Methoxyestriol</a></td> <td>4-MeO-E3</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_sulfate" title="Estradiol sulfate">Estradiol sulfate</a></td> <td>E2S; Estradiol 3-sulfate</td> <td><1</td> <td><1</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_disulfate" title="Estradiol disulfate">Estradiol disulfate</a></td> <td>Estradiol 3,17β-disulfate</td> <td>0.0004</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_3-glucuronide" title="Estradiol 3-glucuronide">Estradiol 3-glucuronide</a></td> <td>E2-3G</td> <td>0.0079</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_17%CE%B2-glucuronide" class="mw-redirect" title="Estradiol 17β-glucuronide">Estradiol 17β-glucuronide</a></td> <td>E2-17G</td> <td>0.0015</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_3-glucuronide_17%CE%B2-sulfate" title="Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate">Estradiol 3-gluc. 17β-sulfate</a></td> <td>E2-3G-17S</td> <td>0.0001</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrone_sulfate_(medication)" title="Estrone sulfate (medication)">Estrone sulfate</a></td> <td>E1S; Estrone 3-sulfate</td> <td><1</td> <td><1</td> <td>>10</td> <td>>10</td> <td>Metabolite </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_benzoate" title="Estradiol benzoate">Estradiol benzoate</a></td> <td>EB; Estradiol 3-benzoate</td> <td>10</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estradiol_17%CE%B2-benzoate" title="Estradiol 17β-benzoate">Estradiol 17β-benzoate</a></td> <td>E2-17B</td> <td>11.3</td> <td>32.6</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrone_methyl_ether" title="Estrone methyl ether">Estrone methyl ether</a></td> <td>Estrone 3-methyl ether</td> <td>0.145</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ent-Estradiol" title="Ent-Estradiol"><i>ent</i>-Estradiol</a></td> <td>1-Estradiol</td> <td>1.31–12.34</td> <td>9.44–80.07</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Equilin" title="Equilin">Equilin</a></td> <td>7-Dehydroestrone</td> <td>13 (4.0–28.9)</td> <td>13.0–49</td> <td>0.79</td> <td>0.36</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Equilenin" title="Equilenin">Equilenin</a></td> <td>6,8-Didehydroestrone</td> <td>2.0–15</td> <td>7.0–20</td> <td>0.64</td> <td>0.62</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Dihydroequilin" title="17β-Dihydroequilin">17β-Dihydroequilin</a></td> <td>7-Dehydro-17β-estradiol</td> <td>7.9–113</td> <td>7.9–108</td> <td>0.09</td> <td>0.17</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Dihydroequilin" title="17α-Dihydroequilin">17α-Dihydroequilin</a></td> <td>7-Dehydro-17α-estradiol</td> <td>18.6 (18–41)</td> <td>14–32</td> <td>0.24</td> <td>0.57</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Dihydroequilenin" title="17β-Dihydroequilenin">17β-Dihydroequilenin</a></td> <td>6,8-Didehydro-17β-estradiol</td> <td>35–68</td> <td>90–100</td> <td>0.15</td> <td>0.20</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Dihydroequilenin" title="17α-Dihydroequilenin">17α-Dihydroequilenin</a></td> <td>6,8-Didehydro-17α-estradiol</td> <td>20</td> <td>49</td> <td>0.50</td> <td>0.37</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8,9-Dehydroestradiol" title="8,9-Dehydroestradiol">Δ<sup>8</sup>-Estradiol</a></td> <td>8,9-Dehydro-17β-estradiol</td> <td>68</td> <td>72</td> <td>0.15</td> <td>0.25</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8,9-Dehydroestrone" title="8,9-Dehydroestrone">Δ<sup>8</sup>-Estrone</a></td> <td>8,9-Dehydroestrone</td> <td>19</td> <td>32</td> <td>0.52</td> <td>0.57</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a></td> <td>EE; 17α-Ethynyl-17β-E2</td> <td>120.9 (68.8–480)</td> <td>44.4 (2.0–144)</td> <td>0.02–0.05</td> <td>0.29–0.81</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mestranol" title="Mestranol">Mestranol</a></td> <td>EE 3-methyl ether</td> <td>?</td> <td>2.5</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moxestrol" title="Moxestrol">Moxestrol</a></td> <td>RU-2858; 11β-Methoxy-EE</td> <td>35–43</td> <td>5–20</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>2.6</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Methylestradiol" title="Methylestradiol">Methylestradiol</a></td> <td>17α-Methyl-17β-estradiol</td> <td>70</td> <td>44</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">Diethylstilbestrol</a></td> <td>DES; Stilbestrol</td> <td>129.5 (89.1–468)</td> <td>219.63 (61.2–295)</td> <td>0.04</td> <td>0.05</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hexestrol" title="Hexestrol">Hexestrol</a></td> <td>Dihydrodiethylstilbestrol</td> <td>153.6 (31–302)</td> <td>60–234</td> <td>0.06</td> <td>0.06</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dienestrol" title="Dienestrol">Dienestrol</a></td> <td>Dehydrostilbestrol</td> <td>37 (20.4–223)</td> <td>56–404</td> <td>0.05</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benzestrol" title="Benzestrol">Benzestrol (B2)</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>114</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chlorotrianisene" title="Chlorotrianisene">Chlorotrianisene</a></td> <td>TACE</td> <td>1.74</td> <td>?</td> <td>15.30</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Triphenylethylene" title="Triphenylethylene">Triphenylethylene</a></td> <td>TPE</td> <td>0.074</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Triphenylbromoethylene" title="Triphenylbromoethylene">Triphenylbromoethylene</a></td> <td>TPBE</td> <td>2.69</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a></td> <td>ICI-46,474</td> <td>3 (0.1–47)</td> <td>3.33 (0.28–6)</td> <td>3.4–9.69</td> <td>2.5</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afimoxifene" title="Afimoxifene">Afimoxifene</a></td> <td>4-Hydroxytamoxifen; 4-OHT</td> <td>100.1 (1.7–257)</td> <td>10 (0.98–339)</td> <td>2.3 (0.1–3.61)</td> <td>0.04–4.8</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toremifene" title="Toremifene">Toremifene</a></td> <td>4-Chlorotamoxifen; 4-CT</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>7.14–20.3</td> <td>15.4</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clomifene" title="Clomifene">Clomifene</a></td> <td>MRL-41</td> <td>25 (19.2–37.2)</td> <td>12</td> <td>0.9</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cyclofenil" title="Cyclofenil">Cyclofenil</a></td> <td>F-6066; Sexovid</td> <td>151–152</td> <td>243</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nafoxidine" title="Nafoxidine">Nafoxidine</a></td> <td>U-11,000A</td> <td>30.9–44</td> <td>16</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>0.8</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">Raloxifene</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>41.2 (7.8–69)</td> <td>5.34 (0.54–16)</td> <td>0.188–0.52</td> <td>20.2</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arzoxifene" title="Arzoxifene">Arzoxifene</a></td> <td>LY-353,381</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>0.179</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lasofoxifene" title="Lasofoxifene">Lasofoxifene</a></td> <td>CP-336,156</td> <td>10.2–166</td> <td>19.0</td> <td>0.229</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ormeloxifene" title="Ormeloxifene">Ormeloxifene</a></td> <td>Centchroman</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>0.313</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Levormeloxifene" title="Levormeloxifene">Levormeloxifene</a></td> <td>6720-CDRI; NNC-460,020</td> <td>1.55</td> <td>1.88</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ospemifene" title="Ospemifene">Ospemifene</a></td> <td>Deaminohydroxytoremifene</td> <td>0.82–2.63</td> <td>0.59–1.22</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bazedoxifene" title="Bazedoxifene">Bazedoxifene</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>0.053</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etacstil" title="Etacstil">Etacstil</a></td> <td>GW-5638</td> <td>4.30</td> <td>11.5</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>SERM </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ICI-164,384" class="mw-redirect" title="ICI-164,384">ICI-164,384</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>63.5 (3.70–97.7)</td> <td>166</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>0.08</td> <td>Antiestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulvestrant" title="Fulvestrant">Fulvestrant</a></td> <td>ICI-182,780</td> <td>43.5 (9.4–325)</td> <td>21.65 (2.05–40.5)</td> <td>0.42</td> <td>1.3</td> <td>Antiestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Propylpyrazoletriol" title="Propylpyrazoletriol">Propylpyrazoletriol</a></td> <td>PPT</td> <td>49 (10.0–89.1)</td> <td>0.12</td> <td>0.40</td> <td>92.8</td> <td>ERα agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-LE2" title="16α-LE2">16α-LE2</a></td> <td>16α-Lactone-17β-estradiol</td> <td>14.6–57</td> <td>0.089</td> <td>0.27</td> <td>131</td> <td>ERα agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Iodo-E2" title="16α-Iodo-E2">16α-Iodo-E2</a></td> <td>16α-Iodo-17β-estradiol</td> <td>30.2</td> <td>2.30</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>ERα agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Methylpiperidinopyrazole" title="Methylpiperidinopyrazole">Methylpiperidinopyrazole</a></td> <td>MPP</td> <td>11</td> <td>0.05</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>ERα antagonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Diarylpropionitrile" title="Diarylpropionitrile">Diarylpropionitrile</a></td> <td>DPN</td> <td>0.12–0.25</td> <td>6.6–18</td> <td>32.4</td> <td>1.7</td> <td>ERβ agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8%CE%B2-VE2" title="8β-VE2">8β-VE2</a></td> <td>8β-Vinyl-17β-estradiol</td> <td>0.35</td> <td>22.0–83</td> <td>12.9</td> <td>0.50</td> <td>ERβ agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prinaberel" title="Prinaberel">Prinaberel</a></td> <td>ERB-041; WAY-202,041</td> <td>0.27</td> <td>67–72</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>ERβ agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ERB-196" title="ERB-196">ERB-196</a></td> <td>WAY-202,196</td> <td>?</td> <td>180</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>ERβ agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erteberel" title="Erteberel">Erteberel</a></td> <td>SERBA-1; LY-500,307</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>2.68</td> <td>0.19</td> <td>ERβ agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SERBA-2" title="SERBA-2">SERBA-2</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>14.5</td> <td>1.54</td> <td>ERβ agonist </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Coumestrol" title="Coumestrol">Coumestrol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>9.225 (0.0117–94)</td> <td>64.125 (0.41–185)</td> <td>0.14–80.0</td> <td>0.07–27.0</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.445 (0.0012–16)</td> <td>33.42 (0.86–87)</td> <td>2.6–126</td> <td>0.3–12.8</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">Equol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.2–0.287</td> <td>0.85 (0.10–2.85)</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.07 (0.0018–9.3)</td> <td>0.7865 (0.04–17.1)</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>85.3</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">Biochanin A</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.04 (0.022–0.15)</td> <td>0.6225 (0.010–1.2)</td> <td>174</td> <td>8.9</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">Kaempferol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.07 (0.029–0.10)</td> <td>2.2 (0.002–3.00)</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">Naringenin</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.0054 (<0.001–0.01)</td> <td>0.15 (0.11–0.33)</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8-Prenylnaringenin" title="8-Prenylnaringenin">8-Prenylnaringenin</a></td> <td>8-PN</td> <td>4.4</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></td> <td>–</td> <td><0.001–0.01</td> <td>0.002–0.040</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ipriflavone" title="Ipriflavone">Ipriflavone</a></td> <td>–</td> <td><0.01</td> <td><0.01</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Miroestrol" title="Miroestrol">Miroestrol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.39</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deoxymiroestrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxymiroestrol">Deoxymiroestrol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Sitosterol" title="Β-Sitosterol">β-Sitosterol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td><0.001–0.0875</td> <td><0.001–0.016</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Resveratrol" title="Resveratrol">Resveratrol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td><0.001–0.0032</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%91-Zearalenol" title="Α-Zearalenol">α-Zearalenol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>48 (13–52.5)</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Zearalenol" title="Β-Zearalenol">β-Zearalenol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.6 (0.032–13)</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zeranol" title="Zeranol">Zeranol</a></td> <td>α-Zearalanol</td> <td>48–111</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taleranol" title="Taleranol">Taleranol</a></td> <td>β-Zearalanol</td> <td>16 (13–17.8)</td> <td>14</td> <td>0.8</td> <td>0.9</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zearalenone" title="Zearalenone">Zearalenone</a></td> <td>ZEN</td> <td>7.68 (2.04–28)</td> <td>9.45 (2.43–31.5)</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zearalanone" title="Zearalanone">Zearalanone</a></td> <td>ZAN</td> <td>0.51</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">Bisphenol A</a></td> <td>BPA</td> <td>0.0315 (0.008–1.0)</td> <td>0.135 (0.002–4.23)</td> <td>195</td> <td>35</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Endosulfan" title="Endosulfan">Endosulfan</a></td> <td>EDS</td> <td><0.001–<0.01</td> <td><0.01</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kepone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepone">Kepone</a></td> <td>Chlordecone</td> <td>0.0069–0.2</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/O,p%27-DDT" class="mw-redirect" title="O,p'-DDT"><i>o,p'</i>-DDT</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.0073–0.4</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/P,p%27-DDT" class="mw-redirect" title="P,p'-DDT"><i>p,p'</i>-DDT</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.03</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Methoxychlor" title="Methoxychlor">Methoxychlor</a></td> <td><i>p,p'</i>-Dimethoxy-DDT</td> <td>0.01 (<0.001–0.02)</td> <td>0.01–0.13</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HPTE" title="HPTE">HPTE</a></td> <td>Hydroxychlor; <i>p,p'</i>-OH-DDT</td> <td>1.2–1.7</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Xenoestrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)" title="Testosterone (medication)">Testosterone</a></td> <td>T; 4-Androstenolone</td> <td><0.0001–<0.01</td> <td><0.002–0.040</td> <td>>5000</td> <td>>5000</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Androstanolone" title="Androstanolone">Dihydrotestosterone</a></td> <td>DHT; 5α-Androstanolone</td> <td>0.01 (<0.001–0.05)</td> <td>0.0059–0.17</td> <td>221–>5000</td> <td>73–1688</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nandrolone" title="Nandrolone">Nandrolone</a></td> <td>19-Nortestosterone; 19-NT</td> <td>0.01</td> <td>0.23</td> <td>765</td> <td>53</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prasterone" title="Prasterone">Dehydroepiandrosterone</a></td> <td>DHEA; Prasterone</td> <td>0.038 (<0.001–0.04)</td> <td>0.019–0.07</td> <td>245–1053</td> <td>163–515</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5-Androstenediol" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Androstenediol">5-Androstenediol</a></td> <td>A5; Androstenediol</td> <td>6</td> <td>17</td> <td>3.6</td> <td>0.9</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Androstenediol" title="4-Androstenediol">4-Androstenediol</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>0.5</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>23</td> <td>19</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Androstenedione">4-Androstenedione</a></td> <td>A4; Androstenedione</td> <td><0.01</td> <td><0.01</td> <td>>10000</td> <td>>10000</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol" title="3α-Androstanediol">3α-Androstanediol</a></td> <td>3α-Adiol</td> <td>0.07</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>260</td> <td>48</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Androstanediol" title="3β-Androstanediol">3β-Androstanediol</a></td> <td>3β-Adiol</td> <td>3</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>2</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Androstanedione" title="Androstanedione">Androstanedione</a></td> <td>5α-Androstanedione</td> <td><0.01</td> <td><0.01</td> <td>>10000</td> <td>>10000</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Etiocholanedione" title="Etiocholanedione">Etiocholanedione</a></td> <td>5β-Androstanedione</td> <td><0.01</td> <td><0.01</td> <td>>10000</td> <td>>10000</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Methyltestosterone" title="Methyltestosterone">Methyltestosterone</a></td> <td>17α-Methyltestosterone</td> <td><0.0001</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Androgen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethinyl-3%CE%B1-androstanediol" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethinyl-3α-androstanediol">Ethinyl-3α-androstanediol</a></td> <td>17α-Ethynyl-3α-adiol</td> <td>4.0</td> <td><0.07</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ethinyl-3%CE%B2-androstanediol" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethinyl-3β-androstanediol">Ethinyl-3β-androstanediol</a></td> <td>17α-Ethynyl-3β-adiol</td> <td>50</td> <td>5.6</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Estrogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Progesterone_(medication)" title="Progesterone (medication)">Progesterone</a></td> <td>P4; 4-Pregnenedione</td> <td><0.001–0.6</td> <td><0.001–0.010</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Progestogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norethisterone" title="Norethisterone">Norethisterone</a></td> <td>NET; 17α-Ethynyl-19-NT</td> <td>0.085 (0.0015–<0.1)</td> <td>0.1 (0.01–0.3)</td> <td>152</td> <td>1084</td> <td>Progestogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norethynodrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Norethynodrel">Norethynodrel</a></td> <td>5(10)-Norethisterone</td> <td>0.5 (0.3–0.7)</td> <td><0.1–0.22</td> <td>14</td> <td>53</td> <td>Progestogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></td> <td>7α-Methylnorethynodrel</td> <td>0.5 (0.45–2.0)</td> <td>0.2–0.076</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Progestogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%944-Tibolone" title="Δ4-Tibolone">Δ<sup>4</sup>-Tibolone</a></td> <td>7α-Methylnorethisterone</td> <td>0.069–<0.1</td> <td>0.027–<0.1</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Progestogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Hydroxytibolone" title="3α-Hydroxytibolone">3α-Hydroxytibolone</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>2.5 (1.06–5.0)</td> <td>0.6–0.8</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Progestogen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Hydroxytibolone" title="3β-Hydroxytibolone">3β-Hydroxytibolone</a></td> <td>–</td> <td>1.6 (0.75–1.9)</td> <td>0.070–0.1</td> <td>?</td> <td>?</td> <td>Progestogen </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="7" style="width: 1px; background-color:#eaecf0; text-align: center;"><b>Footnotes:</b> <sup>a</sup> = (1) <a href="/wiki/Binding_affinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Binding affinity">Binding affinity</a> values are of the format "median (range)" (# (#–#)), "range" (#–#), or "value" (#) depending on the values available. The full sets of values within the ranges can be found in the Wiki code. (2) Binding affinities were determined via displacement studies in a variety of <i><a href="/wiki/In-vitro" class="mw-redirect" title="In-vitro">in-vitro</a></i> systems with <a href="/wiki/Radiolabel" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiolabel">labeled</a> estradiol and human <a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ERα">ERα</a> and <a href="/wiki/ER%CE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ERβ">ERβ</a> proteins (except the ERβ values from Kuiper et al. (1997), which are rat ERβ). <b>Sources:</b> See template page. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Binding_and_functional_selectivity">Binding and functional selectivity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Binding and functional selectivity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ER's helix 12 domain plays a crucial role in determining interactions with coactivators and corepressors and, therefore, the respective agonist or antagonist effect of the ligand.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different <a href="/wiki/Ligand" title="Ligand">ligands</a> may differ in their affinity for alpha and beta isoforms of the estrogen receptor: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-estradiol" class="mw-redirect" title="17β-estradiol">estradiol</a> binds equally well to both receptors<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16728493_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16728493-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone" title="Estrone">estrone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">raloxifene</a> bind preferentially to the alpha receptor<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16728493_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16728493-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">estriol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">genistein</a> to the beta receptor<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16728493_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16728493-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Subtype <a href="/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulator" title="Selective estrogen receptor modulator">selective estrogen receptor modulators</a> preferentially bind to either the α- or the β-subtype of the receptor. In addition, the different estrogen receptor combinations may respond differently to various ligands, which may translate into tissue selective agonistic and antagonistic effects.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15950373_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15950373-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ratio of α- to β- subtype concentration has been proposed to play a role in certain diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18166184_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18166184-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The concept of selective estrogen receptor modulators is based on the ability to promote ER interactions with different proteins such as <a href="/wiki/Transcription_coregulator" title="Transcription coregulator">transcriptional</a> <a href="/wiki/Coactivator_(genetics)" title="Coactivator (genetics)">coactivator</a> or <a href="/wiki/Corepressor_(genetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corepressor (genetics)">corepressors</a>. Furthermore, the ratio of coactivator to corepressor protein varies in different tissues.<sup id="cite_ref-Shang_2002_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shang_2002-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, the same ligand may be an agonist in some tissue (where coactivators predominate) while antagonistic in other tissues (where corepressors dominate). Tamoxifen, for example, is an antagonist in <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breast</a> and is, therefore, used as a <a href="/wiki/Breast_cancer" title="Breast cancer">breast cancer</a> treatment<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16511588_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16511588-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but an ER agonist in <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bone</a> (thereby preventing <a href="/wiki/Osteoporosis" title="Osteoporosis">osteoporosis</a>) and a partial agonist in the <a href="/wiki/Endometrium" title="Endometrium">endometrium</a> (increasing the risk of <a href="/wiki/Uterine_cancer" title="Uterine cancer">uterine cancer</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discovery">Discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estrogen receptors were first identified by <a href="/wiki/Elwood_V._Jensen" title="Elwood V. Jensen">Elwood V. Jensen</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> in 1958,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12796359_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12796359-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid21888507_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21888507-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for which Jensen was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Lasker_Award" title="Lasker Award">Lasker Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gene for a second estrogen receptor (ERβ) was identified in 1996 by Kuiper et al. in rat prostate and ovary using degenerate ERalpha primers.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid8650195_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid8650195-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Membrane_estrogen_receptor" title="Membrane estrogen receptor">Membrane estrogen receptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome" title="Estrogen insensitivity syndrome">Estrogen insensitivity syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatase_deficiency" title="Aromatase deficiency">Aromatase deficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatase_excess_syndrome" title="Aromatase excess syndrome">Aromatase excess syndrome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=Estrogen_receptor&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Estrogen+Receptors">Estrogen Receptors</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodsell2003" class="citation web cs1">Goodsell DS (September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060311054007/http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/pdb45_1.html">"Estrogen Receptor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">Protein Data Bank</a>, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/static.do?p=education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/pdb45_1.html">the original</a> on March 11, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7dcc3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" title="Template:Transcription factors and intracellular receptors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" title="Template talk:Transcription factors and intracellular receptors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transcription factors and intracellular receptors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transcription_factors_and_intracellular_receptors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor" title="Transcription factor">Transcription factors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intracellular_receptor" title="Intracellular receptor">intracellular receptors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(1)_Basic_domains" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(1) Basic domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.1) Basic</i> <a href="/wiki/Leucine_zipper" title="Leucine zipper">leucine zipper</a> (<a href="/wiki/BZIP_domain" title="BZIP domain">bZIP</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activating_transcription_factor" title="Activating transcription factor">Activating transcription factor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apoptosis-antagonizing_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor">AATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF1" title="ATF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activating_transcription_factor_2" title="Activating transcription factor 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF3" title="ATF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF4" title="ATF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF5" title="ATF5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF6" title="ATF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATF7" title="ATF7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor" title="AP-1 transcription factor">AP-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-Fos" class="mw-redirect" title="C-Fos">c-Fos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSB" title="FOSB">FOSB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSL1" title="FOSL1">FOSL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOSL2" title="FOSL2">FOSL2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun_dimerization_protein" title="Jun dimerization protein">JDP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-jun" class="mw-redirect" title="C-jun">c-Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JUNB" title="JUNB">JUNB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JunD" title="JunD">JunD</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>BACH</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BACH1" title="BACH1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BACH2" title="BACH2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BATF_(gene)" title="BATF (gene)">BATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLZF1" title="BLZF1">BLZF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ccaat-enhancer-binding_proteins" class="mw-redirect" title="Ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins">C/EBP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEBPA" title="CEBPA">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPB" title="CEBPB">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPG" title="CEBPG">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPD" title="CEBPD">δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CEBPE" title="CEBPE">ε</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCAAT/enhancer_binding_protein_zeta" title="CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta">ζ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREB" title="CREB">CREB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CREB1" title="CREB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREB3" title="CREB3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CREBL1" title="CREBL1">L1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMP_responsive_element_modulator" title="CAMP responsive element modulator">CREM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBP_(gene)" title="DBP (gene)">DBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_damage-inducible_transcript_3" title="DNA damage-inducible transcript 3">DDIT3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GABPA" title="GABPA">GABPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gcn4" title="Gcn4">GCN4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HLF_(gene)" title="HLF (gene)">HLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAF_(gene)" title="MAF (gene)">MAF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAFB_(gene)" title="MAFB (gene)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAFF_(gene)" title="MAFF (gene)">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAFG" title="MAFG">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAFK" title="MAFK">K</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>NFE</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFE2" title="NFE2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L1" title="NFE2L1">L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L2" title="NFE2L2">L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L3" title="NFE2L3">L3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIL3" title="NFIL3">NFIL3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRL_(gene)" title="NRL (gene)">NRL</a></li> <li><i>NRF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NRF1" title="NRF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L2" title="NFE2L2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFE2L3" title="NFE2L3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBP1" title="XBP1">XBP1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix</i> (<a href="/wiki/Basic_helix-loop-helix" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic helix-loop-helix">bHLH</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group A</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achaete-scute_complex" title="Achaete-scute complex">AS-C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASCL1" title="ASCL1">ASCL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCL2" title="ASCL2">ASCL2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATOH1" title="ATOH1">ATOH1</a></li> <li><i>HAND</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAND1" title="HAND1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAND2" title="HAND2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESP2" title="MESP2">MESP2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myogenic_regulatory_factors" title="Myogenic regulatory factors">Myogenic regulatory factors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MyoD" title="MyoD">MyoD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myogenin" title="Myogenin">Myogenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYF5" title="MYF5">MYF5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYF6" title="MYF6">MYF6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeuroD" title="NeuroD">NeuroD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEUROD1" title="NEUROD1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEUROD2" title="NEUROD2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurogenins" title="Neurogenins">Neurogenins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEUROG1" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEUROG2" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEUROG3" class="mw-redirect" title="NEUROG3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>OLIG</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OLIG1" title="OLIG1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLIG2" title="OLIG2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Paraxis</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TCF15" title="TCF15">TCF15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scleraxis" title="Scleraxis">Scleraxis</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SLC</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LYL1" title="LYL1">LYL1</a></li> <li><i>TAL</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TAL1" title="TAL1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAL2" title="TAL2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twist_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Twist transcription factor">Twist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group B</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIGLA" title="FIGLA">FIGLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myc" title="Myc">Myc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MYC" title="MYC">c-Myc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYCL" title="MYCL">l-Myc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Myc" title="N-Myc">n-Myc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MXD4" title="MXD4">MXD4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF4" title="TCF4">TCF4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group C<br />bHLH-<a href="/wiki/PAS_domain" title="PAS domain">PAS</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor">AhR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_repressor" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor">AHRR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryl_hydrocarbon_receptor_nuclear_translocator" title="Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator">ARNT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARNTL" class="mw-redirect" title="ARNTL">ARNTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARNTL2" title="ARNTL2">ARNTL2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CLOCK" title="CLOCK">CLOCK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoxia-inducible_factor" title="Hypoxia-inducible factor">HIF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIF1A" title="HIF1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPAS1" title="EPAS1">EPAS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIF3A" title="HIF3A">3A</a></li></ul></li> <li>NPAS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NPAS1" title="NPAS1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAS2" title="NPAS2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPAS3" title="NPAS3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PER</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PER1" class="mw-redirect" title="PER1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PER2" title="PER2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PER3" title="PER3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_(gene)" title="Period (gene)">Period</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SIM</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIM1" title="SIM1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIM2" title="SIM2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group D</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>BHLH</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BHLHB2" title="BHLHB2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHLHB3" class="mw-redirect" title="BHLHB3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHLHA9" title="BHLHA9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pho4" title="Pho4">Pho4</a></li> <li><i>ID</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ID1" title="ID1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID2" title="ID2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID3_(gene)" title="ID3 (gene)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ID4" title="ID4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group E</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>HES</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HES1" title="HES1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hes_family_bhlh_transcription_factor_2" title="Hes family bhlh transcription factor 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES3" title="HES3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES4" title="HES4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES5" title="HES5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES6" title="HES6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HES7_gene" title="HES7 gene">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HEY</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HEY1" title="HEY1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEY2" title="HEY2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEYL" title="HEYL">L</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Group F<br />bHLH-COE</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EBF1" title="EBF1">EBF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.3)</i> <a href="/wiki/Basic_helix-loop-helix_leucine_zipper_transcription_factors" title="Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors">bHLH-ZIP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TFAP4" title="TFAP4">AP-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAX_(gene)" title="MAX (gene)">MAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MXD1" title="MXD1">MXD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MXD3" title="MXD3">MXD3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphthalmia-associated_transcription_factor" title="Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor">MITF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNT_(gene)" title="MNT (gene)">MNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLX_(gene)" title="MLX (gene)">MLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate-responsive_element-binding_protein" title="Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein">MLXIPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MXI1" title="MXI1">MXI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myc" title="Myc">Myc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein" title="Sterol regulatory element-binding protein">SREBP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SREBF1" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SREBF2" class="mw-redirect" title="SREBF2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USF1" title="USF1">USF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.4) NF-1</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_factor_I" title="Nuclear factor I">NFI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFIA" title="NFIA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIB_(gene)" title="NFIB (gene)">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIC_(gene)" title="NFIC (gene)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFIX" title="NFIX">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMAD_(protein)" title="SMAD (protein)">SMAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-SMAD" title="R-SMAD">R-SMAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_1" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_2" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_3" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_5" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_9" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-SMAD" title="I-SMAD">I-SMAD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_6" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_7" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_4" title="Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4">4</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.5) RF-X</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>RFX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RFX1" title="RFX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX2" title="RFX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX3" title="RFX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX4" title="RFX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX5" title="RFX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFX6" title="RFX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFXANK" title="RFXANK">ANK</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activating_protein_2" title="Activating protein 2">AP-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2A" title="TFAP2A">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2B" title="TFAP2B">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2C" title="TFAP2C">γ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2D" title="TFAP2D">δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TFAP2E" title="TFAP2E">ε</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(2)_Zinc_finger_DNA-binding_domains" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(2)</i> <a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger" title="Zinc finger">Zinc finger</a> DNA-binding domains</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.1)</i> <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">Nuclear receptor</a> <i>(Cys<sub>4</sub>)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 1</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_receptor" title="Thyroid hormone receptor">Thyroid hormone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_receptor_alpha" title="Thyroid hormone receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_hormone_receptor_beta" title="Thyroid hormone receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_androstane_receptor" title="Constitutive androstane receptor">CAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor">FXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor" title="Liver X receptor">LXR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor_alpha" title="Liver X receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_X_receptor_beta" title="Liver X receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor">PPAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_alpha" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_delta" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta">β/δ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor_gamma" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnane_X_receptor" title="Pregnane X receptor">PXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor" title="Retinoic acid receptor">RAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoic acid receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor_beta" title="Retinoic acid receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor_gamma" title="Retinoic acid receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor" title="RAR-related orphan receptor">ROR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor_alpha" title="RAR-related orphan receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor_beta" title="RAR-related orphan receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAR-related_orphan_receptor_gamma" title="RAR-related orphan receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev-ErbA" class="mw-redirect" title="Rev-ErbA">Rev-ErbA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rev-ErbA_alpha" title="Rev-ErbA alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rev-ErbA_beta" title="Rev-ErbA beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitriol_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcitriol receptor">VDR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 2</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_ovalbumin_upstream_promoter-transcription_factor" title="Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor">COUP-TF</a> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/COUP-TFI" title="COUP-TFI">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COUP-TFII" title="COUP-TFII">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-erbA-related_gene" title="V-erbA-related gene">Ear-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4">HNF4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4_alpha" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatocyte_nuclear_factor_4_gamma" title="Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell-specific_nuclear_receptor" title="Photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor">PNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor" title="Retinoid X receptor">RXR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_alpha" title="Retinoid X receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_beta" title="Retinoid X receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor_gamma" title="Retinoid X receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_receptor" title="Testicular receptor">Testicular receptor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_receptor_2" title="Testicular receptor 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testicular_receptor_4" title="Testicular receptor 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX" title="TLX">TLX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 3</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steroid_hormone_receptor" title="Steroid hormone receptor">Steroid hormone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">Androgen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estrogen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen receptor beta">β</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">Glucocorticoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">Mineralocorticoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">Progesterone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor" title="Estrogen-related receptor">Estrogen related</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor_alpha" title="Estrogen-related receptor alpha">α</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor_beta" title="Estrogen-related receptor beta">β</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen-related_receptor_gamma" title="Estrogen-related receptor gamma">γ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 4</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nur_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur (biology)">NUR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A1" title="Nuclear receptor 4A1">NGFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A3" title="Nuclear receptor 4A3">NOR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A2" title="Nuclear receptor 4A2">NURR1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 5</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liver_receptor_homolog-1" title="Liver receptor homolog-1">LRH-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroidogenic_factor_1" title="Steroidogenic factor 1">SF1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 6</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germ_cell_nuclear_factor" title="Germ cell nuclear factor">GCNF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>subfamily 0</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DAX1" title="DAX1">DAX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_heterodimer_partner" title="Small heterodimer partner">SHP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.2) Other Cys<sub>4</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GATA_transcription_factor" title="GATA transcription factor">GATA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GATA1" title="GATA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA2" title="GATA2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA3" title="GATA3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA4" title="GATA4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA5" title="GATA5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GATA6" title="GATA6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>MTA</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTA1" title="MTA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA2" title="MTA2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA3" title="MTA3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricho-rhino-phalangeal_syndrome_Type_1" title="Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome Type 1">TRPS1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.3) Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_transcription_factor" title="General transcription factor">General transcription factors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_A" title="Transcription factor II A">TFIIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_B" title="Transcription factor II B">TFIIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_D" title="Transcription factor II D">TFIID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_E" title="Transcription factor II E">TFIIE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GTF2E1" title="GTF2E1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2E2" title="GTF2E2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_F" title="Transcription factor II F">TFIIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2F1" title="GTF2F1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2F2" title="GTF2F2">2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_factor_II_H" title="Transcription factor II H">TFIIH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2H1" title="GTF2H1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2H2" title="GTF2H2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2H4" title="GTF2H4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF2I" title="GTF2I">2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF3A" title="GTF3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF3C1" title="GTF3C1">3C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTF3C2" title="GTF3C2">3C2</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATBF1" title="ATBF1">ATBF1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B-cell_CLL/lymphoma" title="B-cell CLL/lymphoma">BCL</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCL6" title="BCL6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCL11A" title="BCL11A">11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCL11B" title="BCL11B">11B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTCF" title="CTCF">CTCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E4F1" title="E4F1">E4F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_growth_response_proteins" title="Early growth response proteins">EGR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EGR1" title="EGR1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR2" title="EGR2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR3" title="EGR3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR4" title="EGR4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERV3" title="ERV3">ERV3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFI1" title="GFI1">GFI1</a></li> <li><i>GLI family</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLI1" title="GLI1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLI2" title="GLI2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLI3" title="GLI3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RE1-silencing_transcription_factor" title="RE1-silencing transcription factor">REST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLIS1" title="GLIS1">S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLIS2" title="GLIS2">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YY1" title="YY1">YY1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HIC</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIC1" title="HIC1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIC2" title="HIC2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HIVEP</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP2" title="HIVEP2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP3" title="HIVEP3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>IKZF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IKZF1" title="IKZF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKZF2" title="IKZF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IKZF3" title="IKZF3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ILF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ILF2" title="ILF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILF3" title="ILF3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kruppel-like_factors" title="Kruppel-like factors">Sp/KLF family</a> <ul><li><i>KLF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KLF1" title="KLF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF2" title="KLF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF3" title="KLF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF4" title="KLF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF5" title="KLF5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF6" title="KLF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF7" title="KLF7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF8" title="KLF8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF9" title="KLF9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF10" title="KLF10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF11" title="KLF11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF12" title="KLF12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF13" title="KLF13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF14" title="KLF14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF15" title="KLF15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLF17" title="KLF17">17</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SP</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sp1_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sp1 transcription factor">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP2_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="SP2 (gene)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SP4_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="SP4 (gene)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp7_transcription_factor" title="Sp7 transcription factor">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sp8_transcription_factor" title="Sp8 transcription factor">8</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTF1" title="MTF1">MTF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYT1" title="MYT1">MYT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSR1" title="OSR1">OSR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRDM9" title="PRDM9">PRDM9</a></li> <li><i>SALL</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SALL1" title="SALL1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SALL2" title="SALL2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SALL3" title="SALL3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SALL4" title="SALL4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSHZ3" title="TSHZ3">TSHZ3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WT1" class="mw-redirect" title="WT1">WT1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zbtb7" title="Zbtb7">Zbtb7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB7A" title="ZBTB7A">7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB7B" title="ZBTB7B">7B</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ZBTB</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB11" title="ZBTB11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger_and_BTB_domain-containing_protein_16" title="Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB17" title="ZBTB17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB20" title="ZBTB20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB21" title="ZBTB21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB32" title="ZBTB32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB33" title="ZBTB33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBTB40" title="ZBTB40">40</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>zinc finger</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZNF3" title="ZNF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF7" title="ZNF7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNBP" title="CNBP">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF10" title="ZNF10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF19" title="ZNF19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF22" title="ZNF22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF24" title="ZNF24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF33B" title="ZNF33B">33B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF34" title="ZNF34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF35" title="ZNF35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF41" title="ZNF41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF43" title="ZNF43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF44" title="ZNF44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCL6" title="BCL6">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF74" title="ZNF74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF143" title="ZNF143">143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF146" title="ZNF146">146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF148" title="ZNF148">148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc_finger_protein_165" title="Zinc finger protein 165">165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF202" title="ZNF202">202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF217" title="ZNF217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF219" title="ZNF219">219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF238" title="ZNF238">238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF239" title="ZNF239">239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF259" title="ZNF259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF267" title="ZNF267">267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EGR1" title="EGR1">268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF281" title="ZNF281">281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF300" title="ZNF300">300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF318" title="ZNF318">318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF330" title="ZNF330">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF346" title="ZNF346">346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF350" title="ZNF350">350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF365" title="ZNF365">365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF366" title="ZNF366">366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF384" title="ZNF384">384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF423" title="ZNF423">423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF451" title="ZNF451">451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF452" title="ZNF452">452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF471" title="ZNF471">471</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF593" title="ZNF593">593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF638" title="ZNF638">638</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF644" title="ZNF644">644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF649" title="ZNF649">649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF655" title="ZNF655">655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNF804A" class="mw-redirect" title="ZNF804A">804A</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.4) Cys<sub>6</sub></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HIVEP1" title="HIVEP1">HIVEP1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.5) Alternating composition</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_regulator" title="Autoimmune regulator">AIRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIDO1" title="DIDO1">DIDO1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRLF1" title="GRLF1">GRLF1</a></li> <li><i>ING</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ING1" title="ING1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING2" title="ING2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ING4" title="ING4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>JARID</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDM5A" title="KDM5A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM5B" class="mw-redirect" title="KDM5B">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM5C" title="KDM5C">1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM5D" title="KDM5D">1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JARID2" title="JARID2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDM3B" title="KDM3B">JMJD1B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(2.6) WRKY</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WRKY_protein_domain" title="WRKY protein domain">WRKY</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(3)_Helix-turn-helix_domains" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>(3)</i> <a href="/wiki/Helix-turn-helix" title="Helix-turn-helix">Helix-turn-helix</a> <i>domains</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.1)</i> <a href="/wiki/Homeodomain_fold" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeodomain fold">Homeodomain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/Antennapedia" title="Antennapedia">Antennapedia</a></i></span><br /><span class="nobold"><i>ANTP class</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>protoHOX</i></span><br /><span class="nobold"><i>Hox-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ParaHox" title="ParaHox">ParaHox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gsx_(gene_family)" title="Gsx (gene family)">Gsx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSX1" title="GSX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSX2" title="GSX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xlox" class="mw-redirect" title="Xlox">Xlox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PDX1" title="PDX1">PDX1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cdx" title="Cdx">Cdx</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDX1" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDX2" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDX4_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="CDX4 (gene)">4</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>extended Hox: <a href="/wiki/Evx1" title="Evx1">Evx1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evx2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evx2 (page does not exist)">Evx2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEOX1" title="MEOX1">MEOX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEOX2" title="MEOX2">MEOX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox" title="Homeobox">Homeobox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_A1" title="Homeobox A1">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA2" title="HOXA2">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA3" title="HOXA3">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA4" title="HOXA4">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA5" title="HOXA5">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA7" title="HOXA7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA9" title="HOXA9">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_A10" title="Homeobox A10">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA11" title="HOXA11">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXA13" title="HOXA13">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB1" title="HOXB1">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB2" title="HOXB2">B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB3" title="HOXB3">B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB4" title="HOXB4">B4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB5" title="HOXB5">B5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB6" title="HOXB6">B6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB7" title="HOXB7">B7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB8" title="HOXB8">B8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB9" title="HOXB9">B9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXB13" title="HOXB13">B13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC4" title="HOXC4">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC5" title="HOXC5">C5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC6" title="HOXC6">C6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC8" title="HOXC8">C8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC9" title="HOXC9">C9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC10" title="HOXC10">C10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC11" title="HOXC11">C11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC12" title="HOXC12">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXC13" title="HOXC13">C13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD1" title="HOXD1">D1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD3" title="HOXD3">D3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD4" title="HOXD4">D4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD8" title="HOXD8">D8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD9" title="HOXD9">D9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD10" title="HOXD10">D10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD11" title="HOXD11">D11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD12" title="HOXD12">D12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOXD13" title="HOXD13">D13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GBX1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GBX1 (page does not exist)">GBX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBX2" title="GBX2">GBX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNX1" title="MNX1">MNX1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>metaHOX</i></span><br /><span class="nobold"><i>NK-like</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BARHL1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BARHL1 (page does not exist)">BARHL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BARHL2" title="BARHL2">BARHL2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BARX1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BARX1 (page does not exist)">BARX1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BARX2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BARX2 (page does not exist)">BARX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain-specific_homeobox" title="Brain-specific homeobox">BSX</a></li> <li><i>DBX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DBX1" title="DBX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DBX2" title="DBX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX_gene_family" title="DLX gene family">DLX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DLX1" title="DLX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX2" title="DLX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX3_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="DLX3 (gene)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX4" title="DLX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX5" title="DLX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLX6" title="DLX6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EMX_homeogene" title="EMX homeogene">EMX</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EMX1" title="EMX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMX2" title="EMX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>EN</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EN1_(gene)" title="EN1 (gene)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EN2_(gene)" title="EN2 (gene)">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HHEX" title="HHEX">HHEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HLX_(gene)" title="HLX (gene)">HLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBX1" title="LBX1">LBX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBX2" title="LBX2">LBX2</a></li> <li><i>MSX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MSX1" class="mw-redirect" title="MSX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msh_homeobox_2" title="Msh homeobox 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_protein_NANOG" title="Homeobox protein NANOG">NANOG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX-homeodomain_factor" title="NKX-homeodomain factor">NKX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NK2_homeobox_1" title="NK2 homeobox 1">2-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX2-2" title="NKX2-2">2-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX2-3" title="NKX2-3">2-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeobox_protein_Nkx-2.5" title="Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5">2-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX3-1" title="NKX3-1">3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX3-2" title="NKX3-2">3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMX1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMX1 (page does not exist)">HMX1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMX2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMX2 (page does not exist)">HMX2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMX3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMX3 (page does not exist)">HMX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX6-1" title="NKX6-1">6-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKX6-2" title="NKX6-2">6-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX1" title="TLX1">TLX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX2" title="TLX2">TLX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLX3" title="TLX3">TLX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAX1" title="VAX1">VAX1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VAX2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VAX2 (page does not exist)">VAX2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">other</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristaless_related_homeobox" title="Aristaless related homeobox">ARX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRX_(gene)" title="CRX (gene)">CRX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUTL1" title="CUTL1">CUTL1</a></li> <li><i>FHL</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FHL1" title="FHL1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FHL2" title="FHL2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FHL3" title="FHL3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HESX1" title="HESX1">HESX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOPX" title="HOPX">HOPX</a></li> <li><i>LMX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LMX1A" title="LMX1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMX1B" title="LMX1B">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOBOX" title="NOBOX">NOBOX</a></li> <li>TALE <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_homeobox_factor" title="Iroquois homeobox factor">IRX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRX1" title="IRX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX2" title="IRX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX3" title="IRX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX4" title="IRX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX5" title="IRX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRX6" title="IRX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKX" title="MKX">MKX</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>MEIS</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MEIS1" title="MEIS1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEIS2" title="MEIS2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PBX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PBX1" title="PBX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBX2" title="PBX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBX3" title="PBX3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PKNOX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PKNOX1" title="PKNOX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PKNOX2" title="PKNOX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>SIX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SIX1" class="mw-redirect" title="SIX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX2" title="SIX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX3" title="SIX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX4" title="SIX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIX5" title="SIX5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>PHF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PHF1" title="PHF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF3" title="PHF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF6" title="PHF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF8" title="PHF8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF10" title="PHF10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF16" title="PHF16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF17" class="mw-redirect" title="PHF17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF20" title="PHF20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHF21A" title="PHF21A">21A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU_domain" title="POU domain">POU domain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pituitary-specific_positive_transcription_factor_1" title="Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1">PIT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRN-3" title="BRN-3">BRN-3</a>: <a href="/wiki/POU4F1" title="POU4F1">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU4F2" title="POU4F2">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU4F3" title="POU4F3">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octamer_transcription_factor" title="Octamer transcription factor">Octamer transcription factor</a>: <a href="/wiki/POU2F1" title="POU2F1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oct-2" title="Oct-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oct-4" title="Oct-4">3/4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU3F1" title="POU3F1">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU3F2" title="POU3F2">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POU3F4" title="POU3F4">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATB2" title="SATB2">SATB2</a></li> <li><i>ZEB</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZEB1" title="ZEB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZEB2" title="ZEB2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.2) Paired box</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pax_genes" title="Pax genes">PAX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PAX1" title="PAX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX2" title="PAX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX3" title="PAX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX4" title="PAX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX5" title="PAX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX6" title="PAX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX7" title="PAX7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX8" title="PAX8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAX9" title="PAX9">9</a></li></ul></li> <li>PRRX <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PRRX1" title="PRRX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRRX2" title="PRRX2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROP1" title="PROP1">PROP1</a></li> <li><i>PHOX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PHOX2A" title="PHOX2A">2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHOX2B" title="PHOX2B">2B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinal_homeobox_protein_Rx" title="Retinal homeobox protein Rx">RAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-stature_homeobox_gene" title="Short-stature homeobox gene">SHOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHOX2" title="SHOX2">SHOX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSX1" title="VSX1">VSX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSX2" title="VSX2">VSX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicoid_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicoid (gene)">Bicoid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goosecoid_protein" class="mw-redirect" title="Goosecoid protein">GSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BICD2" title="BICD2">BICD2</a></li> <li><i>OTX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OTX1" title="OTX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodenticle_homeobox_2" title="Orthodenticle homeobox 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>PITX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PITX1" title="PITX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PITX2" title="PITX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PITX3" title="PITX3">3</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.3)</i> <a href="/wiki/FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">Fork head</a> / <a href="/wiki/Winged-helix_transcription_factors" title="Winged-helix transcription factors">winged helix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E2F" title="E2F">E2F</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E2F1" title="E2F1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F2" title="E2F2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F3" title="E2F3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F4" title="E2F4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E2F5" title="E2F5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOX_proteins" title="FOX proteins">FOX proteins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FOXA1" title="FOXA1">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXA2" title="FOXA2">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXA3" title="FOXA3">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXB1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXB1">B1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXB2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXB2 (page does not exist)">B2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhead_box_C1" title="Forkhead box C1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXC2" title="FOXC2">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXD1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXD1">D1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD2 (page does not exist)">D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXD3" title="FOXD3">D3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXD4" title="FOXD4">D4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L1 (page does not exist)">D4L1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L3 (page does not exist)">D4L3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L4 (page does not exist)">D4L4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L5 (page does not exist)">D4L5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXD4L6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXD4L6 (page does not exist)">D4L6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXE1" title="FOXE1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXE3" title="FOXE3">E3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXF1" title="FOXF1">F1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXF2" title="FOXF2">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXG1" title="FOXG1">G1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXH1" title="FOXH1">H1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXI1" title="FOXI1">I1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXI2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXI2 (page does not exist)">I2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXI3" title="FOXI3">I3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXJ1" title="FOXJ1">J1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXJ2" title="FOXJ2">J2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXJ3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXJ3 (page does not exist)">J3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXK1" title="FOXK1">K1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXK2" title="FOXK2">K2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXL1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXL1 (page does not exist)">L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forkhead_box_L2" class="mw-redirect" title="Forkhead box L2">L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXM1" title="FOXM1">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXN1" title="FOXN1">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXN2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXN2 (page does not exist)">N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXN3" title="FOXN3">N3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXN4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXN4 (page does not exist)">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO1" class="mw-redirect" title="FOXO1">O1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO3" title="FOXO3">O3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO4" title="FOXO4">O4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXO6" title="FOXO6">O6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP1" title="FOXP1">P1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP2" title="FOXP2">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP3" title="FOXP3">P3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXP4" title="FOXP4">P4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXQ1" title="FOXQ1">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXR1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXR1 (page does not exist)">R1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FOXR2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FOXR2 (page does not exist)">R2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOXS1" title="FOXS1">S1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.4)</i> <a href="/wiki/Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">Heat shock factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Heat_shock_factor" title="Heat shock factor">HSF</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HSF1" class="mw-redirect" title="HSF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSF2" title="HSF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSF4" title="HSF4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.5) Tryptophan clusters</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ELF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ELF2" title="ELF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELF4" title="ELF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELF5" title="ELF5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EHF_(gene)" title="EHF (gene)">EGF</a></li> <li><i>ELK</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ELK1" title="ELK1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELK3" title="ELK3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELK4" title="ELK4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERF_(gene)" title="ERF (gene)">ERF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS_transcription_factor_family" title="ETS transcription factor family">ETS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETS1" title="ETS1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETS2" title="ETS2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERG_(gene)" title="ERG (gene)">ERG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPIB" title="SPIB">SPIB</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ETV</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ETV1" title="ETV1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETV4" title="ETV4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERM_transcription_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="ERM transcription factor">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETV6" title="ETV6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLI1" title="FLI1">FLI1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferon_regulatory_factors" title="Interferon regulatory factors">Interferon regulatory factors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IRF1" title="IRF1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF2" title="IRF2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF3" title="IRF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF4" title="IRF4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF5" title="IRF5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF6" title="IRF6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF7" title="IRF7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRF8" title="IRF8">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYB_(gene)" title="MYB (gene)">MYB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MYBL2" title="MYBL2">MYBL2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(3.6) TEA domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>transcriptional enhancer factor</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TEAD1" title="TEAD1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAD2" title="TEAD2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAD3" title="TEAD3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAD4" title="TEAD4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(4)_β-Scaffold_factors_with_minor_groove_contacts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(4) <i>β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.1)</i> <a href="/wiki/Rel_homology_domain" title="Rel homology domain">Rel homology region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB" title="NF-κB">NF-κB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFKB1" title="NFKB1">NFKB1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFKB2" title="NFKB2">NFKB2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REL" title="REL">REL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELA" title="RELA">RELA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELB" title="RELB">RELB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFAT" title="NFAT">NFAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFATC1" title="NFATC1">C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFATC2" title="NFATC2">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFATC3" title="NFATC3">C3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFATC4" title="NFATC4">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFAT5" title="NFAT5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.2)</i> <a href="/wiki/STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STAT_protein" title="STAT protein">STAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/STAT1" title="STAT1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT2" title="STAT2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT3" title="STAT3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT4" title="STAT4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT5" title="STAT5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STAT6" title="STAT6">6</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.3) p53-like</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P53_p63_p73_family" title="P53 p63 p73 family">p53 p63 p73 family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P53" title="P53">p53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TP63" title="TP63">TP63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P73" title="P73">p73</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-box" title="T-box">TBX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TBX1" title="TBX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX2" title="TBX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX3" title="TBX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX5_(gene)" title="TBX5 (gene)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX19" title="TBX19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX21" title="TBX21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBX22" title="TBX22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBR1" title="TBR1">TBR1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eomesodermin" title="Eomesodermin">TBR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachyury" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachyury">TFT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myelin_regulatory_factor" title="Myelin regulatory factor">MYRF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.4)</i> <a href="/wiki/MADS-box" title="MADS-box">MADS box</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mef2" title="Mef2">Mef2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myocyte-specific_enhancer_factor_2A" title="Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEF2B" title="MEF2B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEF2C" title="MEF2C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEF2D" title="MEF2D">D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serum_response_factor" title="Serum response factor">SRF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.6)</i> <a href="/wiki/TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TATA-binding proteins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TATA-binding_protein" title="TATA-binding protein">TBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBPL1" title="TBPL1">TBPL1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.7)</i> <a href="/wiki/High-mobility_group" title="High-mobility group">High-mobility group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBX_(gene)" title="BBX (gene)">BBX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMG-box" title="HMG-box">HMGB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGB1" title="HMGB1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGB2" title="HMGB2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGB3" title="HMGB3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGB4" title="HMGB4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN" title="HMGN">HMGN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGN1" title="HMGN1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN2" title="HMGN2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN3" title="HMGN3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGN4" title="HMGN4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>HNF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HNF1A" title="HNF1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HNF1B" title="HNF1B">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX_gene_family" title="SOX gene family">SOX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SOX1" title="SOX1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX2" title="SOX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX3" title="SOX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX4" title="SOX4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX5" title="SOX5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX6" title="SOX6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX8" title="SOX8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX9" title="SOX9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX10" title="SOX10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX11" title="SOX11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX12" title="SOX12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX13" title="SOX13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX14" title="SOX14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX15" title="SOX15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX17" title="SOX17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX18" title="SOX18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOX21" title="SOX21">21</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testis_determining_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Testis determining factor">SRY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_specific_recognition_protein_1" title="Structure specific recognition protein 1">SSRP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF/LEF_family" title="TCF/LEF family">TCF/LEF</a> <ul><li><i>TCF</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TCF7" title="TCF7">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF3" title="TCF3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCF7L2" title="TCF7L2">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphoid_enhancer-binding_factor_1" title="Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1">LEF1</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>TOX</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TOX" title="TOX">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOX2" title="TOX2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOX3" title="TOX3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOX4" title="TOX4">4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.9) Grainyhead</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TFCP2" title="TFCP2">TFCP2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.10) Cold-shock domain</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSDA_(gene)" title="CSDA (gene)">CSDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_box_binding_protein_1" title="Y box binding protein 1">YBX1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(4.11) Runt</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Core_binding_factor" title="Core binding factor">CBF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CBFA2T2" title="CBFA2T2">CBFA2T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBFA2T3" title="CBFA2T3">CBFA2T3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX1" title="RUNX1">RUNX1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX2" title="RUNX2">RUNX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX3" title="RUNX3">RUNX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUNX1T1" title="RUNX1T1">RUNX1T1</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div id="(0)_Other_transcription_factors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i> (0) Other transcription factors</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.2) HMGI(Y)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGA" title="HMGA">HMGA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMGA1" title="HMGA1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMGA2" title="HMGA2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBP1" title="HBP1">HBP1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.3)</i> <a href="/wiki/Pocket_protein_family" title="Pocket protein family">Pocket domain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma_protein" title="Retinoblastoma protein">Rb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma-like_protein_1" title="Retinoblastoma-like protein 1">RBL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoblastoma-like_protein_2" title="Retinoblastoma-like protein 2">RBL2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.5)</i> <a href="/wiki/Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">AP-2</a><i>/</i><a href="/wiki/Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a><i>-related factors</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background-color: AntiqueWhite;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apetala_2" title="Apetala 2">Apetala 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylene-responsive_element_binding_protein" title="Ethylene-responsive element binding protein">EREBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3_domain" title="B3 domain">B3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:16em;text-align:left;"><i>(0.6) Miscellaneous</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ARID</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARID1A" title="ARID1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID1B" title="ARID1B">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID2" title="ARID2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID3A" title="ARID3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID3B" title="ARID3B">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARID4A" title="ARID4A">4A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catabolite_activator_protein" title="Catabolite activator protein">CAP</a></li> <li><i>IFI</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFI16" title="IFI16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFI35" title="IFI35">35</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLL_(gene)" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL (gene)">MLL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MLL2" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLL3" class="mw-redirect" title="MLL3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLLT1" title="MLLT1">T1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MNDA" title="MNDA">MNDA</a></li> <li><i>NFY</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFYA" title="NFYA">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFYB" title="NFYB">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFYC" title="NFYC">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_factor" title="Rho factor">Rho</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sigma_factor" title="Sigma factor">Sigma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: AntiqueWhite"><div><i>see also <a href="/wiki/Template:Transcription_factor_and_coregulator_deficiencies" title="Template:Transcription factor and coregulator deficiencies">transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Estrogen_receptor_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Estrogen_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Estrogen_receptor_modulators" title="Template talk:Estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Estrogen_receptor_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Estrogen_receptor_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estrogen receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><abbr title="Estrogen receptor">ER</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Estrogen receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestradiol" title="2-Hydroxyestradiol">2-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2-Hydroxyestrone" title="2-Hydroxyestrone">2-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17%CE%B2-ol" title="3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol">3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Androstanediol" title="3α-Androstanediol">3α-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%CE%B1,5%CE%B1-Dihydrolevonorgestrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel (page does not exist)">3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%CE%B2,5%CE%B1-Dihydrolevonorgestrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel (page does not exist)">3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B1-Hydroxytibolone" title="3α-Hydroxytibolone">3α-Hydroxytibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Hydroxytibolone" title="3β-Hydroxytibolone">3β-Hydroxytibolone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3%CE%B2-Androstanediol" title="3β-Androstanediol">3β-Androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Androstenediol" title="4-Androstenediol">4-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Androstenedione" class="mw-redirect" title="4-Androstenedione">4-Androstenedione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Fluoroestradiol" title="4-Fluoroestradiol">4-Fluoroestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestradiol" title="4-Hydroxyestradiol">4-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxyestrone" title="4-Hydroxyestrone">4-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestradiol" title="4-Methoxyestradiol">4-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Methoxyestrone" title="4-Methoxyestrone">4-Methoxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5-Androstenediol" class="mw-redirect" title="5-Androstenediol">5-Androstenediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7-Keto-DHEA" title="7-Keto-DHEA">7-Oxo-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7α-Hydroxy-DHEA">7α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B1-Methylestradiol" title="7α-Methylestradiol">7α-Methylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxyepiandrosterone" title="7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone">7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8,9-Dehydroestradiol" title="8,9-Dehydroestradiol">8,9-Dehydroestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8,9-Dehydroestrone" title="8,9-Dehydroestrone">8,9-Dehydroestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8%CE%B2-VE2" title="8β-VE2">8β-VE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10%CE%B2,17%CE%B2-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one" title="10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one">10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Chloromethylestradiol" title="11β-Chloromethylestradiol">11β-Chloromethylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11%CE%B2-Methoxyestradiol" title="11β-Methoxyestradiol">11β-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15%CE%B1-Hydroxyestradiol" title="15α-Hydroxyestradiol">15α-Hydroxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Ketoestradiol" title="16-Ketoestradiol">16-Ketoestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-Ketoestrone" title="16-Ketoestrone">16-Ketoestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Fluoroestradiol" class="mw-redirect" title="16α-Fluoroestradiol">16α-Fluoroestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="16α-Hydroxy-DHEA">16α-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Hydroxyestrone" title="16α-Hydroxyestrone">16α-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-Iodoestradiol" class="mw-redirect" title="16α-Iodoestradiol">16α-Iodoestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B1-LE2" title="16α-LE2">16α-LE2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B2-Hydroxyestrone" title="16β-Hydroxyestrone">16β-Hydroxyestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16%CE%B2,17%CE%B1-Epiestriol" title="16β,17α-Epiestriol">16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Estradiol" title="17α-Estradiol">17α-Estradiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alfatradiol" title="Alfatradiol">alfatradiol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Dihydroequilenin" title="17α-Dihydroequilenin">17α-Dihydroequilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Dihydroequilin" title="17α-Dihydroequilin">17α-Dihydroequilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Epiestriol" title="17α-Epiestriol">17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Ethynyl-3%CE%B1-androstanediol" title="17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol">17α-Ethynyl-3α-androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B1-Ethynyl-3%CE%B2-androstanediol" title="17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol">17α-Ethynyl-3β-androstanediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Dihydroequilenin" title="17β-Dihydroequilenin">17β-Dihydroequilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Dihydroequilin" title="17β-Dihydroequilin">17β-Dihydroequilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17%CE%B2-Methyl-17%CE%B1-dihydroequilenin" title="17β-Methyl-17α-dihydroequilenin">17β-Methyl-17α-dihydroequilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiraterone" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiraterone">Abiraterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiraterone_acetate" title="Abiraterone acetate">Abiraterone acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alestramustine" title="Alestramustine">Alestramustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almestrone" title="Almestrone">Almestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabolic_steroid" title="Anabolic steroid">Anabolic steroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_androgen_esters#Testosterone_esters" title="List of androgen esters">esters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methyltestosterone" title="Methyltestosterone">methyltestosterone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metandienone" title="Metandienone">metandienone (methandrostenolone)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nandrolone" title="Nandrolone">nandrolone</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_androgen_esters#Nandrolone_esters" title="List of androgen esters">esters</a>, many others; via estrogenic metabolites)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrimustine" title="Atrimustine">Atrimustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolandiol" title="Bolandiol">Bolandiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolandiol_dipropionate" title="Bolandiol dipropionate">Bolandiol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butolame" title="Butolame">Butolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomestrone" title="Clomestrone">Clomestrone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloxestradiol" title="Cloxestradiol">Cloxestradiol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloxestradiol_acetate" title="Cloxestradiol acetate">Cloxestradiol acetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugated_estriol" title="Conjugated estriol">Conjugated estriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjugated_estrogens" title="Conjugated estrogens">Conjugated estrogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclodiol" title="Cyclodiol">Cyclodiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclotriol" title="Cyclotriol">Cyclotriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent-Estradiol" title="Ent-Estradiol"><i>ent</i>-Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiestriol" title="Epiestriol">Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimestrol" title="Epimestrol">Epimestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equilenin" title="Equilenin">Equilenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equilin" title="Equilin">Equilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERA-63" title="ERA-63">ERA-63 (ORG-37663)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esterified_estrogens" title="Esterified estrogens">Esterified estrogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estetrol" title="Estetrol">Estetrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Estradiol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Estradiol esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoidal_estradiol" title="Lipoidal estradiol">Lipoidal estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyestradiol_phosphate" title="Polyestradiol phosphate">Polyestradiol phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estramustine" title="Estramustine">Estramustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estramustine_phosphate" title="Estramustine phosphate">Estramustine phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrapronicate" title="Estrapronicate">Estrapronicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrazinol" title="Estrazinol">Estrazinol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">Estriol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Estriol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Estriol esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyestriol_phosphate" title="Polyestriol phosphate">Polyestriol phosphate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrofurate" title="Estrofurate">Estrofurate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogenic_substances" title="Estrogenic substances">Estrogenic substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estromustine" title="Estromustine">Estromustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone" title="Estrone">Estrone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Estrone_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Estrone esters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrone_methyl_ether" title="Estrone methyl ether">Estrone methyl ether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estropipate" title="Estropipate">Estropipate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etamestrol" title="Etamestrol">Etamestrol (eptamestrol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylandrostenediol" title="Ethinylandrostenediol">Ethinylandrostenediol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethandrostate" title="Ethandrostate">Ethandrostate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol_3-benzoate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethinylestradiol 3-benzoate">Ethinylestradiol 3-benzoate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol_sulfonate" title="Ethinylestradiol sulfonate">Ethinylestradiol sulfonate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestriol" title="Ethinylestriol">Ethinylestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylestradiol" title="Ethylestradiol">Ethylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etynodiol" title="Etynodiol">Etynodiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etynodiol_diacetate" title="Etynodiol diacetate">Etynodiol diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexolame" title="Hexolame">Hexolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippulin" title="Hippulin">Hippulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxyestrone_diacetate" title="Hydroxyestrone diacetate">Hydroxyestrone diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynestrenol" title="Lynestrenol">Lynestrenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynestrenol_phenylpropionate" title="Lynestrenol phenylpropionate">Lynestrenol phenylpropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestranol" title="Mestranol">Mestranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylestradiol" title="Methylestradiol">Methylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxestrol" title="Moxestrol">Moxestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytatrienediol" title="Mytatrienediol">Mytatrienediol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilestriol" title="Nilestriol">Nilestriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norethisterone" title="Norethisterone">Norethisterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noretynodrel" title="Noretynodrel">Noretynodrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orestrate" title="Orestrate">Orestrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentolame" title="Pentolame">Pentolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prodiame" title="Prodiame">Prodiame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolame" title="Prolame">Prolame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promestriene" title="Promestriene">Promestriene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RU-16117" title="RU-16117">RU-16117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinestradol" title="Quinestradol">Quinestradol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinestrol" title="Quinestrol">Quinestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibolone" title="Tibolone">Tibolone</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Nonsteroidal:</i> <a href="/wiki/(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene" title="(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene">(R,R)-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene" title="(S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene">(S,S)-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2,8-Dihydroxyhexahydrochrysene" title="2,8-Dihydroxyhexahydrochrysene">2,8-DHHHC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-LGND1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Β-LGND1 (page does not exist)">β-LGND1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-LGND2" title="Β-LGND2">β-LGND2 (GTx-878)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AC-186&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AC-186 (page does not exist)">AC-186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenestrol" title="Allenestrol">Allenestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenolic_acid" title="Allenolic acid">Allenolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzestrol" title="Benzestrol">Benzestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bifluranol" title="Bifluranol">Bifluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisdehydrodoisynolic_acid" title="Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid">Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butestrol" title="Butestrol">Butestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbestrol" title="Carbestrol">Carbestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-15414" title="D-15414">D-15414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCW234" title="DCW234">DCW234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarylpropionitrile" title="Diarylpropionitrile">Diarylpropionitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dienestrol" title="Dienestrol">Dienestrol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dienestrol_diacetate" title="Dienestrol diacetate">Dienestrol diacetate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">Diethylstilbestrol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Diethylstilbestrol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Diethylstilbestrol esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimestrol" title="Dimestrol">Dimestrol (dianisylhexene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimethylstilbestrol" title="Dimethylstilbestrol">Dimethylstilbestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doisynoestrol" title="Doisynoestrol">Doisynoestrol (fenocycline)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doisynolic_acid" title="Doisynolic acid">Doisynolic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efavirenz" title="Efavirenz">Efavirenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elacestrant" title="Elacestrant">Elacestrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERB-196" title="ERB-196">ERB-196 (WAY-202196)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erteberel" title="Erteberel">Erteberel (SERBA-1, LY-500307)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrobin" title="Estrobin">Estrobin (DBE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenestrel" title="Fenestrel">Fenestrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FERb_033" title="FERb 033">FERb 033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosfestrol" title="Fosfestrol">Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furostilbestrol" title="Furostilbestrol">Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GTx-758" title="GTx-758">GTx-758</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexestrol" title="Hexestrol">Hexestrol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estrogen_esters#Hexestrol_esters" title="List of estrogen esters">Hexestrol esters</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-85966" title="ICI-85966">ICI-85966 (Stilbostat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2613" title="M2613">M2613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meso-Butestrol" title="Meso-Butestrol"><i>meso</i>-Butestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meso-Hexestrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Meso-Hexestrol"><i>meso</i>-Hexestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestilbol" title="Mestilbol">Mestilbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methallenestril" title="Methallenestril">Methallenestril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methestrol" title="Methestrol">Methestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methestrol_dipropionate" title="Methestrol dipropionate">Methestrol dipropionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paroxypropione" title="Paroxypropione">Paroxypropione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentafluranol" title="Pentafluranol">Pentafluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenestrol" title="Phenestrol">Phenestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prinaberel" title="Prinaberel">Prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylpyrazoletriol" title="Propylpyrazoletriol">Propylpyrazoletriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrosilan" title="Quadrosilan">Quadrosilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SC-3296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SC-3296 (page does not exist)">SC-3296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SC-4289" title="SC-4289">SC-4289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERBA-2" title="SERBA-2">SERBA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SKF-82,958" title="SKF-82,958">SKF-82,958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terfluranol" title="Terfluranol">Terfluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylbromoethylene" title="Triphenylbromoethylene">Triphenylbromoethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylchloroethylene" title="Triphenylchloroethylene">Triphenylchloroethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenyliodoethylene" title="Triphenyliodoethylene">Triphenyliodoethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylmethylethylene" title="Triphenylmethylethylene">Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-166818" title="WAY-166818">WAY-166818</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WAY-169916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WAY-169916 (page does not exist)">WAY-169916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-200070" title="WAY-200070">WAY-200070</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-204688" title="WAY-204688">WAY-204688 (SIM-688)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAY-214156" title="WAY-214156">WAY-214156</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unknown/unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/ERB-26" title="ERB-26">ERB-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERA-45" title="ERA-45">ERA-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERB-79" title="ERB-79">ERB-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZK-283197" title="ZK-283197">ZK-283197</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Xenoestrogens:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a>-related (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Anethole" title="Anethole">anethole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anol" title="Anol">anol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianethole" title="Dianethole">dianethole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dianol" title="Dianol">dianol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Photoanethole" title="Photoanethole">photoanethole</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalconoid" title="Chalconoid">Chalconoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Isoliquiritigenin" title="Isoliquiritigenin">isoliquiritigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phloretin" title="Phloretin">phloretin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phlorizin" title="Phlorizin">phlorizin (phloridzin)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wedelolactone" title="Wedelolactone">wedelolactone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coumestan" title="Coumestan">Coumestans</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Coumestrol" title="Coumestrol">coumestrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psoralidin" title="Psoralidin">psoralidin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flavonoid" title="Flavonoid">Flavonoids</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/7,8-Dihydroxyflavone" class="mw-redirect" title="7,8-Dihydroxyflavone">7,8-DHF</a>, <a href="/wiki/8-Prenylnaringenin" title="8-Prenylnaringenin">8-prenylnaringenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apigenin" title="Apigenin">apigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baicalein" title="Baicalein">baicalein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baicalin" title="Baicalin">baicalin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochanin_A" title="Biochanin A">biochanin A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calycosin" title="Calycosin">calycosin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catechin" title="Catechin">catechin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">daidzein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daidzin" title="Daidzin">daidzin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epicatechin_gallate" title="Epicatechin gallate">ECG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epigallocatechin_gallate" title="Epigallocatechin gallate">EGCG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epicatechin" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicatechin">epicatechin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">equol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formononetin" title="Formononetin">formononetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glabrene" title="Glabrene">glabrene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glabridin" title="Glabridin">glabridin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">genistein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genistin" title="Genistin">genistin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycitein" title="Glycitein">glycitein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaempferol" title="Kaempferol">kaempferol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquiritigenin" title="Liquiritigenin">liquiritigenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirificin" title="Mirificin">mirificin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myricetin" title="Myricetin">myricetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naringenin" title="Naringenin">naringenin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penduletin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penduletin (page does not exist)">penduletin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinocembrin" title="Pinocembrin">pinocembrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prunetin" title="Prunetin">prunetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerarin" title="Puerarin">puerarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">quercetin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tectoridin" title="Tectoridin">tectoridin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tectorigenin" title="Tectorigenin">tectorigenin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_oil" title="Lavender oil">Lavender oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignan" title="Lignan">Lignans</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Enterodiol" title="Enterodiol">enterodiol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enterolactone" title="Enterolactone">enterolactone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyasol" title="Nyasol">nyasol (<i>cis</i>-hinokiresinol)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalloestrogen" title="Metalloestrogen">Metalloestrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">cadmium</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticides</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Alternariol" title="Alternariol">alternariol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dieldrin" title="Dieldrin">dieldrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Endosulfan" title="Endosulfan">endosulfan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenarimol" title="Fenarimol">fenarimol</a>, <a href="/wiki/HPTE" title="HPTE">HPTE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methiocarb" title="Methiocarb">methiocarb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methoxychlor" title="Methoxychlor">methoxychlor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triclocarban" title="Triclocarban">triclocarban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triclosan" title="Triclosan">triclosan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytosteroid" title="Phytosteroid">Phytosteroids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Digitoxin" title="Digitoxin">digitoxin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Digitalis" title="Digitalis">digitalis</a>), <a href="/wiki/Diosgenin" title="Diosgenin">diosgenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guggulsterone" title="Guggulsterone">guggulsterone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytosterol" title="Phytosterol">Phytosterols</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-sitosterol" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-sitosterol">β-sitosterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campesterol" title="Campesterol">campesterol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stigmasterol" title="Stigmasterol">stigmasterol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resorcylic_acid_lactone" title="Resorcylic acid lactone">Resorcylic acid lactones</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Zearalanone" title="Zearalanone">zearalanone</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%91-zearalenol" class="mw-redirect" title="Α-zearalenol">α-zearalenol</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%92-zearalenol" class="mw-redirect" title="Β-zearalenol">β-zearalenol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zearalenone" title="Zearalenone">zearalenone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeranol" title="Zeranol">zeranol (α-zearalanol)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taleranol" title="Taleranol">taleranol (teranol, β-zearalanol)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">Steroid</a>-like (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Deoxymiroestrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Deoxymiroestrol">deoxymiroestrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miroestrol" title="Miroestrol">miroestrol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbenoid" title="Stilbenoid">Stilbenoids</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Resveratrol" title="Resveratrol">resveratrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhaponticin" title="Rhaponticin">rhaponticin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_xenoestrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic xenoestrogen">Synthetic xenoestrogens</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Alkylphenol" title="Alkylphenol">alkylphenols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol" title="Bisphenol">bisphenols</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">BPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_F" title="Bisphenol F">BPF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_S" title="Bisphenol S">BPS</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane" class="mw-redirect" title="Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane">DDT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraben" title="Paraben">parabens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polybrominated_biphenyl" title="Polybrominated biphenyl">PBBs</a>, <a href="/wiki/4-hydroxybenzoic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="4-hydroxybenzoic acid">PHBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phthalate" class="mw-redirect" title="Phthalate">phthalates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCBs</a>)</li> <li>Others (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Agnuside" title="Agnuside">agnuside</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotundifuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotundifuran (page does not exist)">rotundifuran</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Mixed<br />(<a href="/wiki/Selective_estrogen_receptor_modulators" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective estrogen receptor modulators"><abbr title="Selective estrogen receptor modulators">SERMs</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Selective estrogen receptor modulators</span>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Phenylbenzofuran" title="2-Phenylbenzofuran">2-Phenylbenzofuran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2-Phenylbenzothiophene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2-Phenylbenzothiophene (page does not exist)">2-Phenylbenzothiophene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4%27-Hydroxynorendoxifen" title="4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen">4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27-Hydroxycholesterol" title="27-Hydroxycholesterol">27-Hydroxycholesterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acefluranol" title="Acefluranol">Acefluranol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acolbifene" title="Acolbifene">Acolbifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afimoxifene" title="Afimoxifene">Afimoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anordiol" title="Anordiol">Anordiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anordrin" title="Anordrin">Anordrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzoxifene" title="Arzoxifene">Arzoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazedoxifene" title="Bazedoxifene">Bazedoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilanestrant" title="Brilanestrant">Brilanestrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broparestrol" title="Broparestrol">Broparestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camizestrant" title="Camizestrant">Camizestrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorotrianisene" title="Chlorotrianisene">Chlorotrianisene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomifene" title="Clomifene">Clomifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clomifenoxide" title="Clomifenoxide">Clomifenoxide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CN-55945-27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CN-55945-27 (page does not exist)">CN-55945-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclofenil" title="Cyclofenil">Cyclofenil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D-15413&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D-15413 (page does not exist)">D-15413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmethylchlorotrianisene" title="Desmethylchlorotrianisene">Desmethylchlorotrianisene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droloxifene" title="Droloxifene">Droloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclomifene" title="Enclomifene">Enclomifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endoxifen" title="Endoxifen">Endoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etacstil" title="Etacstil">Etacstil (GW-5638, DPC-974)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethamoxytriphetol" title="Ethamoxytriphetol">Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femarelle" title="Femarelle">Femarelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fispemifene" title="Fispemifene">Fispemifene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GW-7604&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GW-7604 (page does not exist)">GW-7604</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-55548" class="mw-redirect" title="ICI-55548">ICI-55548</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idoxifene" title="Idoxifene">Idoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasofoxifene" title="Lasofoxifene">Lasofoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levormeloxifene" title="Levormeloxifene">Levormeloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LN-1643" class="mw-redirect" title="LN-1643">LN-1643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LN-2299" class="mw-redirect" title="LN-2299">LN-2299</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LY-117018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LY-117018 (page does not exist)">LY-117018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menerba" title="Menerba">Menerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miproxifene" title="Miproxifene">Miproxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miproxifene_phosphate" title="Miproxifene phosphate">Miproxifene phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MRL-37&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MRL-37 (page does not exist)">MRL-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafoxidine" title="Nafoxidine">Nafoxidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitromifene" title="Nitromifene">Nitromifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NNC_45-0095" title="NNC 45-0095">NNC 45-0095</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC_45-0320&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC 45-0320 (page does not exist)">NNC 45-0320</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC_45-0781&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC 45-0781 (page does not exist)">NNC 45-0781</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NNC_45-1506&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NNC 45-1506 (page does not exist)">NNC 45-1506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormeloxifene" title="Ormeloxifene">Ormeloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ospemifene" title="Ospemifene">Ospemifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panomifene" title="Panomifene">Panomifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipendoxifene" title="Pipendoxifene">Pipendoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promensil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promensil (page does not exist)">Promensil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">Raloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimostil" title="Rimostil">Rimostil (P-081)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spironolactone" title="Spironolactone">Spironolactone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS1010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS1010 (page does not exist)">SS1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAS-108" title="TAS-108">TAS-108 (SR-16234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toremifene" title="Toremifene">Toremifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trioxifene" title="Trioxifene">Trioxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TZE-5323&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TZE-5323 (page does not exist)">TZE-5323</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U-11555A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-11555A (page does not exist)">U-11555A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=U-11634&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="U-11634 (page does not exist)">U-11634</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y-134&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y-134 (page does not exist)">Y-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zindoxifene" title="Zindoxifene">Zindoxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuclomifene" title="Zuclomifene">Zuclomifene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene" title="(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene">(R,R)-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxy-DHEA" title="7β-Hydroxy-DHEA">7β-Hydroxy-DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloroindazole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloroindazole (page does not exist)">Chloroindazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytestrol_acetate" title="Cytestrol acetate">Cytestrol acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EM-800&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EM-800 (page does not exist)">EM-800 (SCH-57050)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epitiostanol" title="Epitiostanol">Epitiostanol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERA-90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ERA-90 (page does not exist)">ERA-90</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ERB-88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ERB-88 (page does not exist)">ERB-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulvestrant" title="Fulvestrant">Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyceollin" title="Glyceollin">Glyceollins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glyceollin_I" title="Glyceollin I">I</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyceollin_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyceollin II (page does not exist)">II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glyceollin_III" title="Glyceollin III">III</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glyceollin_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glyceollin IV (page does not exist)">IV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICI-164384" title="ICI-164384">ICI-164384</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MDL-101906&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MDL-101906 (page does not exist)">MDL-101906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mepitiostane" title="Mepitiostane">Mepitiostane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylepitiostanol" title="Methylepitiostanol">Methylepitiostanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylpiperidinopyrazole" title="Methylpiperidinopyrazole">Methylpiperidinopyrazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIBE" title="MIBE">MIBE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxabicycloheptene_sulfonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate (page does not exist)">Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenytoin" title="Phenytoin">Phenytoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHTPP" title="PHTPP">PHTPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prochloraz" title="Prochloraz">Prochloraz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-39411&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-39411 (page does not exist)">RU-39411</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RU-58668&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RU-58668 (page does not exist)">RU-58668</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS1020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS1020 (page does not exist)">SS1020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TAS-108" title="TAS-108">TAS-108 (SR-16234)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZB716" title="ZB716">ZB716</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-164015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-164015 (page does not exist)">ZK-164015</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ZK-191703&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZK-191703 (page does not exist)">ZK-191703</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Coregulator-binding modulators:</i> <a href="/wiki/ERX-11" title="ERX-11">ERX-11</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Noncompetitive inhibitors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Trilostane" title="Trilostane">Trilostane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_estrogen_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="G protein-coupled estrogen receptor"><abbr title="G protein-coupled estrogen receptor">GPER</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip G protein-coupled estrogen receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Agonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Methoxyestradiol" title="2-Methoxyestradiol">2-Methoxyestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%CE%B2-Hydroxyepiandrosterone" title="7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone">7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afimoxifene" title="Afimoxifene">Afimoxifene (4-hydroxytamoxifen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldosterone" title="Aldosterone">Aldosterone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrazine" title="Atrazine">Atrazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisphenol_A" title="Bisphenol A">Bisphenol A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> (<a href="/wiki/P,p%27-DDT" class="mw-redirect" title="P,p'-DDT">p,p'-DDT</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=O%27,p%27-DDE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O',p'-DDE (page does not exist)">o',p'-DDE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarylpropionitrile" title="Diarylpropionitrile">Diarylpropionitrile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">Equol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethinylestradiol" title="Ethinylestradiol">Ethinylestradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulvestrant" title="Fulvestrant">Fulvestrant (ICI-182780)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-1_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-1 (drug) (page does not exist)">G-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GPER-L1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GPER-L1 (page does not exist)">GPER-L1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GPER-L2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GPER-L2 (page does not exist)">GPER-L2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxytyrosol" title="Hydroxytyrosol">Hydroxytyrosol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepone">Kepone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacin" title="Niacin">Niacin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacinamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacinamide">Niacinamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonylphenol" title="Nonylphenol">Nonylphenol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleuropein" title="Oleuropein">Oleuropein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCBs</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=2,2%27,5%27-PCB-4-OH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2,2',5'-PCB-4-OH (page does not exist)">2,2',5'-PCB-4-OH</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propylpyrazoletriol" title="Propylpyrazoletriol">Propylpyrazoletriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quercetin" title="Quercetin">Quercetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raloxifene" title="Raloxifene">Raloxifene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resveratrol" title="Resveratrol">Resveratrol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=STX_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STX (drug) (page does not exist)">STX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamoxifen" title="Tamoxifen">Tamoxifen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectoridin" title="Tectoridin">Tectoridin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Antagonists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCL18" title="CCL18">CCL18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estriol" title="Estriol">Estriol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-15_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-15 (drug) (page does not exist)">G-15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-36_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-36 (drug) (page does not exist)">G-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIBE" title="MIBE">MIBE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center">Unknown</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diethylstilbestrol" title="Diethylstilbestrol">Diethylstilbestrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zearalenone" title="Zearalenone">Zearalenone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Estrogens_and_antiestrogens" title="Template:Estrogens and antiestrogens">Estrogens and antiestrogens</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Androgen_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Androgen receptor modulators">Androgen receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Progesterone_receptor_modulators" title="Template:Progesterone receptor modulators">Progesterone receptor modulators</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_steroidal_estrogens" class="mw-redirect" title="List of steroidal estrogens">List of estrogens</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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