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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kalpana-1</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana-1" title="Kalpana-1 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalpana-1" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana_1" title="Kalpana 1 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kalpana 1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana-1" title="Kalpana-1 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kalpana-1" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana-1" title="Kalpana-1 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Kalpana-1" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE-%E0%AB%A7" title="કલ્પના-૧ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કલ્પના-૧" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE-1" title="कल्पना-1 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कल्पना-1" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana-1" title="Kalpana-1 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kalpana-1" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana%E2%80%931" title="Kalpana–1 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalpana–1" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8-1" title="കല്പന-1 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കല്പന-1" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A5%A7" title="कल्पना-१ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कल्पना-१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana-1" title="Kalpana-1 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Kalpana-1" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana_1" title="Kalpana 1 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kalpana 1" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana-1" title="Kalpana-1 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalpana-1" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE-1" title="கல்பனா-1 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கல்பனா-1" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8-1_%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82" title="కల్పన-1 ఉపగ్రహం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కల్పన-1 ఉపగ్రహం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q51518#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Kalpana-1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:METSAT_Kalpana-1_deployed_view.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/METSAT_Kalpana-1_deployed_view.png/260px-METSAT_Kalpana-1_deployed_view.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/METSAT_Kalpana-1_deployed_view.png 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="487" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kalpana-1 deployed</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Weather_satellite" title="Weather satellite">Weather</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">ISRO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2002-043A">2002-043A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51518#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">27525<span style="float:right"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51518?uselang=en#P377" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1">Kalpana-1 on ISRO Web-site</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">Planned: 7 years <br />Achieved: 15 years<sup id="cite_ref-Isro_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Isro-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/I-1K" title="I-1K">I-1000 Bus</a><sup id="cite_ref-ISAC_website_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISAC_website-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Satellite_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation Satellite Centre">ISRO Satellite Center</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Space_Applications_Centre" title="Space Applications Centre">Space Applications Centre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1,060 kilograms (2,340 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">498 kilograms (1,098 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">550 watts</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">12 September 2002, 10:24:00<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">2002-09-12UTC10:24Z</span>)</span> UTC<sup id="cite_ref-isro_website_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isro_website-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PSLV-C4" title="PSLV-C4">PSLV-C4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data">SHAR, <a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan</a> <a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_First_Launch_Pad" class="mw-redirect" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad">FLP</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deactivated</th><td class="infobox-data">September 2017</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">Geostationary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">74° East</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35,771 kilometres (22,227 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">35,801 kilometres (22,246 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.48 degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1436.06 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25 September 2002<sup id="cite_ref-satcat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satcat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Very_High_Resolution_Radiometer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Very High Resolution Radiometer (page does not exist)">VHRR</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kalpana-1</b> was the first dedicated <a href="/wiki/Meteorological_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteorological satellite">meteorological satellite</a> launched by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> using <a href="/wiki/PSLV-C4" title="PSLV-C4">Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle</a> on 12 September 2002. The satellite is three-axis stabilized and is powered by <a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">solar panels</a>, getting up to 550 watts (0.74 hp) of power. The METSAT bus was used as the basis for the Chandrayaan lunar orbiter mission of 2008. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalpana-1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally known as MetSat-1, the satellite was the first launched by the <a href="/wiki/PSLV-C4" title="PSLV-C4">PSLV-C4</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_orbit" title="Geostationary orbit">Geostationary orbit</a>. On February 5, 2003, it was renamed to Kalpana-1 by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Prime Minister">Indian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> in memory of <a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Chawla" title="Kalpana Chawla">Kalpana Chawla</a>—an Indian born <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronaut</a> who perished in the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></span> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia"><i>Columbia</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Columbia disaster">disaster</a>. </p><p>The satellite features a Very High Resolution scanning <a href="/wiki/Radiometer" title="Radiometer">Radiometer</a> (VHRR), for three-band images (<a href="/wiki/Visible_light" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible light">visible</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thermal_infrared" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal infrared">thermal infrared</a>) with a resolution of 2 km × 2 km (1.2 mi × 1.2 mi), and a Data Relay <a href="/wiki/Transponder" title="Transponder">Transponder</a> (DRT) payload to provide data to weather terrestrial platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-isro_website_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isro_website-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its mission were to collect data in layer of <a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">clouds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">water vapor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> and to establish a small satellite I-1000 bus system which can meet the exclusive service requirements of a meteorological payload for earth imageries </p><p>Kalpana-1 went out of service in mid-2018.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="VHRR_scanning_radiometer">VHRR scanning radiometer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalpana-1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: VHRR scanning radiometer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three band images are: </p> <ul><li>Visible</li> <li>Thermal <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a></li> <li>Water vapour infrared<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalpana-1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_spaceflight" title="2002 in spaceflight">2002 in spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_satellites" title="List of Indian satellites">List of Indian satellites</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalpana-1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output 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a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731202345/http://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/kalpana-1">"Kalpana - 1"</a>. <i>www.isro.gov.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">ISRO</a>. 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class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indian_space_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian space programme">Indian space programme</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space (DoS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antrix_Corporation" title="Antrix Corporation">Antrix Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Space_Science_and_Technology" title="Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology">Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Remote_Sensing" title="Indian Institute of Remote Sensing">Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Atmospheric_Research_Laboratory" title="National Atmospheric Research Laboratory">National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewSpace_India_Limited" title="NewSpace India Limited">NewSpace India Limited (NSIL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_Research_Laboratory" title="Physical Research Laboratory">Physical Research Laboratory (PRL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_and_Educational_Communication_Unit" title="Development and Educational Communication Unit">Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Space_Cell" title="Integrated Space Cell">Integrated Space Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Space_Agency" title="Defence Space Agency">Defence Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Space_Promotion_and_Authorisation_Centre" title="Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre">Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN–SPACe)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg/120px-Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg/180px-Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg/240px-Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhaskara_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhaskara (satellite)">Bhaskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPS-aided_GEO_augmented_navigation" title="GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation">GAGAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSAT" title="GSAT">GSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Satellite_System" title="Indian National Satellite System">INSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Regional_Navigation_Satellite_System" title="Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System">IRNSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Remote_Sensing_Programme" title="Indian Remote Sensing Programme">IRS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartosat" title="Cartosat">Cartosat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISAT" title="RISAT">RISAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(satellite)" title="Rohini (satellite)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretched_Rohini_Satellite_Series" title="Stretched Rohini Satellite Series">SROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Human_Spaceflight_Programme" title="Indian Human Spaceflight Programme">Human Spaceflight Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_Passenger_Payload_Experiment" title="Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment">APPLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryabhata_(satellite)" title="Aryabhata (satellite)">Aryabhata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMSAT" title="HAMSAT">HAMSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMS-1" title="IMS-1">IMS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megha-Tropiques" title="Megha-Tropiques">Megha-Tropiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARAL" title="SARAL">SARAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia_Satellite" title="South Asia Satellite">South Asia Satellite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kalpana-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space observatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lunar and<br />planetary spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2"><i>Vikram</i> lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3#Lander" title="Chandrayaan-3"><i>Vikram</i> lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)"><i>Pragyan</i> rover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (upcoming)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Lunar Polar Exploration Mission</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars Orbiter Mission 2">Mars Orbiter Mission 2</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Orbiter_Mission" title="Venus Orbiter Mission">Venus Orbiter Mission</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human spaceflight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_human_spaceflight_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian human spaceflight programme">Indian human spaceflight programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Capsule_Recovery_Experiment" title="Space Capsule Recovery Experiment">SRE-1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Space_Capsule_Recovery_Experiment_II" title="Space Capsule Recovery Experiment II">SRE-II</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaganyaan" title="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Module_Atmospheric_Re-entry_Experiment" title="Crew Module Atmospheric Re-entry Experiment">CARE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Space_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="ISRO Space Station">ISRO Space Station</a> (proposed)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Orbital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_PSLV_launches" title="List of PSLV launches">Launches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GSLV_launches" title="List of GSLV launches">Launches</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Small Satellite Launch Vehicle">SSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SSLV_launches" title="List of SSLV launches">Launches</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Suborbital <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(rocket_family)" title="Rohini (rocket family)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Vehicle" title="Advanced Technology Vehicle">ATV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RLV_Technology_Demonstration_Programme" title="RLV Technology Demonstration Programme">RLV Technology Demonstration Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle" title="Next Generation Launch Vehicle">NGLV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Satellite Launch Vehicle">SLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle">ASLV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CE-7.5" title="CE-7.5">CE-7.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CE-20" title="CE-20">CE-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikas_(rocket_engine)" title="Vikas (rocket engine)">Vikas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SCE-200" title="SCE-200">SCE-200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Spaceports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre" title="Satish Dhawan Space Centre">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumba_Equatorial_Rocket_Launching_Station" title="Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station">Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station</a></li></ul> <ul><li>under development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulasekharapatnam_Spaceport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport">Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai_Space_Centre" title="Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre">Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_R_Rao_Satellite_Centre" title="U R Rao Satellite Centre">U R Rao Satellite Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Propulsion_Systems_Centre" title="Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre">Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Propulsion_Complex" title="ISRO Propulsion Complex">ISRO Propulsion Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Applications_Centre" title="Space Applications Centre">Space Applications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Inertial_Systems_Unit" title="ISRO Inertial Systems Unit">ISRO Inertial Systems Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_for_Electro-Optics_Systems" title="Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems">Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Space_Flight_Centre" title="Human Space Flight Centre">Human Space Flight Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_and_Educational_Communication_Unit" title="Development and Educational Communication Unit">Development and Educational Communication Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Deep_Space_Network" title="Indian Deep Space Network">Indian Deep Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Science_Data_Centre" title="Indian Space Science Data Centre">Indian Space Science Data Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO_Telemetry,_Tracking_and_Command_Network" title="ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network">ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Control_Facility_(ISRO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Master Control Facility (ISRO)">Master Control Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Remote_Sensing_Centre" title="National Remote Sensing Centre">National Remote Sensing Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation and policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Activities_Bill" title="Space Activities Bill">Space Activities Bill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pixxel" title="Pixxel">Pixxel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyroot_Aerospace" title="Skyroot Aerospace">Skyroot Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellize" title="Satellize">Satellize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgniKul_Cosmos" title="AgniKul Cosmos">AgniKul Cosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhruva_Space" title="Dhruva Space">Dhruva Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellatrix_Aerospace" title="Bellatrix Aerospace">Bellatrix Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeamIndus" title="TeamIndus">TeamIndus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Day" title="National Space Day">National Space Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAGA-220" title="SAGA-220">SAGA-220</a> (supercomputer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statio_Shiv_Shakti" title="Statio Shiv Shakti">Statio Shiv Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RESPOND" title="RESPOND">RESPOND</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_satellites" title="List of Indian satellites">List of Indian satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Satish_Dhawan_Space_Centre_launches" title="List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches">List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ISRO_missions" title="List of ISRO missions">List of ISRO missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chairmen_of_the_Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of chairmen of the Indian Space Research Organisation">List of ISRO chairpersons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2001Orbital_launches_in_20022003_→618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2002" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2002"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2002" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2002"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2002" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2002"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2001Orbital_launches_in_20022003_→618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2001_in_spaceflight" title="2001 in spaceflight">← 2001</a></div><a href="/wiki/2002_in_spaceflight" title="2002 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2002</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2003_in_spaceflight" title="2003 in spaceflight">2003 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA-164" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-164">USA-164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSAT-3C" title="INSAT-3C">INSAT-3C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MDS-1" title="MDS-1">Tsubasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/DASH_(satellite)" title="DASH (satellite)">DASH</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vehicle_Evaluation_Payload_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vehicle Evaluation Payload 3 (page does not exist)">VEP-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">HESSI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium_90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium 90 (page does not exist)">Iridium 90</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium_91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium 91 (page does not exist)">Iridium 91</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium_94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium 94 (page does not exist)">Iridium 94</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iridium_95" class="mw-redirect" title="Iridium 95">Iridium 95</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium_96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium 96 (page does not exist)">Iridium 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_VII" title="EchoStar VII">EchoStar VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_904" title="Intelsat 904">Intelsat 904</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2387&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2387 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2387</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Envisat" title="Envisat">Envisat</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-109" title="STS-109">STS-109</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDRS-9" title="TDRS-9">TDRS-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment">GRACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M1-8" title="Progress M1-8">Progress M1-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_3" title="Shenzhou 3">Shenzhou 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCSAT-2A" title="JCSAT-2A">JCSAT-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astra_3A" title="Astra 3A">Astra 3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_903" title="Intelsat 903">Intelsat 903</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2388" title="Kosmos 2388">Kosmos 2388</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-110" title="STS-110">STS-110</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">ITS S0</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSS-7" title="NSS-7">NSS-7</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-34" title="Soyuz TM-34">Soyuz TM-34</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SPOT-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SPOT-5 (page does not exist)">SPOT-5</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idefix_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idefix (satellite) (page does not exist)">Idefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqua_(satellite)" title="Aqua (satellite)">Aqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T5_(satellite)" title="T5 (satellite)">DirecTV-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feng_Yun_1D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feng Yun 1D (page does not exist)">Feng Yun 1D</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hai_Yang_1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hai Yang 1A (page does not exist)">Hai Yang 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofek-5" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofek-5">Ofek-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2389&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2389 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2389</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_905" title="Intelsat 905">Intelsat 905</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-111" title="STS-111">STS-111</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Multi-Purpose_Logistics_Module" title="Multi-Purpose Logistics Module">Leonardo MPLM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspress_A1R&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspress A1R (page does not exist)">Ekspress A1R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_3C" title="Galaxy 3C">Galaxy 3C</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium_97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium 97 (page does not exist)">Iridium 97</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium_98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium 98 (page does not exist)">Iridium 98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA-17" title="NOAA-17">NOAA-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-46" title="Progress M-46">Progress M-46</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_5_West_A" title="Eutelsat 5 West A">Stellat 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/N-STAR_c" title="N-STAR c">N-STAR c</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2390&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2390 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2390</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2391&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2391 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2391</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2392&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2392 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2392</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_8_West_C" title="Eutelsat 8 West C">Hot Bird 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_VIII" title="EchoStar VIII">EchoStar VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_Bird_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic Bird 1 (page does not exist)">Atlantic Bird 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MSG-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MSG-1 (page does not exist)">MSG-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_906" title="Intelsat 906">Intelsat 906</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USERS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USERS (page does not exist)">USERS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodama_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodama (satellite) (page does not exist)">Kodama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">METSAT</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsinghua_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsinghua 2 (page does not exist)">Tsinghua 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_1D" title="Hispasat 1D">Hispasat 1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M1-9" title="Progress M1-9">Progress M1-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadezhda_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadezhda 7 (page does not exist)">Nadezhda 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-112" title="STS-112">STS-112</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">ITS S1</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foton-M_No.1" title="Foton-M No.1">Foton-M No.1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zi_Yuan_2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zi Yuan 2B (page does not exist)">Zi Yuan 2B</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-1" title="Soyuz TMA-1">Soyuz TMA-1</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-113" title="STS-113">STS-113</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/Integrated_Truss_Structure" title="Integrated Truss Structure">ITS P1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MEPSI_1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEPSI 1A (page does not exist)">MEPSI 1A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MEPSI_1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MEPSI 1B (page does not exist)">MEPSI 1B</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_1K" title="Astra 1K">Astra 1K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AlSAT-1" title="AlSAT-1">AlSAT-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozhayets_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mozhayets 3 (page does not exist)">Mozhayets 3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubin-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubin-3 (page does not exist)">Rubin-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TDRS-10" title="TDRS-10">TDRS-10</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hot_Bird_7" title="Hot Bird 7">Hot Bird 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stentor_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stentor (satellite)">Stentor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MFD-A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MFD-A (page does not exist)">MFD-A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MFD-B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MFD-B (page does not exist)">MFD-B</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADEOS_II" title="ADEOS II">ADEOS II</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanta_Kun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanta Kun (page does not exist)">Kanta Kun</a>, <a href="/wiki/FedSat" title="FedSat">FedSat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%9C-LabSat_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Μ-LabSat 1 (page does not exist)">µ-LabSat 1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=RITE_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RITE 1 (page does not exist)">RITE 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=RITE_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RITE 2 (page does not exist)">RITE 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSS-6" title="NSS-6">NSS-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TrailBlazer-2001_structural_test_article&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TrailBlazer-2001 structural test article (page does not exist)">TrailBlazer-2001 STA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saudisat_1C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saudisat 1C (page does not exist)">Saudisat 1C</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LatinSat_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LatinSat A (page does not exist)">LatinSat A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=LatinSat_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LatinSat B (page does not exist)">LatinSat B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=UniSat_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UniSat 2 (page does not exist)">UniSat 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubin_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubin 2 (page does not exist)">Rubin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2393" title="Kosmos 2393">Kosmos 2393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2394" title="Kosmos 2394">Kosmos 2394</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2395" title="Kosmos 2395">Kosmos 2395</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2396" title="Kosmos 2396">Kosmos 2396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_4" title="Shenzhou 4">Shenzhou 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimiq_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimiq 2">Nimiq 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1271159938">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/India-Satellite.svg/40px-India-Satellite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/India-Satellite.svg/60px-India-Satellite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/India-Satellite.svg/80px-India-Satellite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="378" /></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about one or more spacecraft of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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