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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates: Living Well in the Persian Cosmopolis - Emma J. Flatt - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Courts_of_the_Deccan_Sultanates.html?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Courts_of_the_Deccan_Sultanates.html?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ"/><meta name="title" content="The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates"/><meta name="description" content="In the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, courtliness was crucial to the political and cultural life of the Deccan. Divided between six states competing for territory, resources and skills, the medieval and early modern Deccan was a region of striking ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity. People used multifaceted trans-regional networks - mercantile, kinship, friendship and intellectual - to move across the Persian-speaking world and to find employment at the Deccan courts. This movement, Emma J. Flatt argues, was facilitated by the existence of a shared courtly disposition. Engagement in courtly skills such as letter-writing, perfume-making, astrological divination, performing magic, sword-fighting and wrestling thus became a route to both worldly success and ethical refinement. Using a diverse range of treatises, chronicles, poetry and letters, Flatt unpicks the ways this challenged networks of acceptable behaviour and knowledge in the Indo-Islamicate courtly world - and challenges the idea of perpetual hostility between Islam and Hinduism in Indian history."/><meta property="og:title" content="The Courts of the Deccan Sultanates"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71-pr57LOPcLttaEsI-8rl6dV6mgqMM0kQGtd-Uw14zvXResc2TwPKx3iKrmpvB0bbzCgSCpjDQN1tlUBT_kj1_eXd8XfJ_74NARXK61gCCud4oJMRmqGiH5p1Kl3yKqyV6cAGS"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71-pr57LOPcLttaEsI-8rl6dV6mgqMM0kQGtd-Uw14zvXResc2TwPKx3iKrmpvB0bbzCgSCpjDQN1tlUBT_kj1_eXd8XfJ_74NARXK61gCCud4oJMRmqGiH5p1Kl3yKqyV6cAGS"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DHDGdDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcourtly%2Bsociety%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ&q=courtly+society&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Divided between six states competing for territory, resources and skills, the medieval and early modern Deccan was a region of striking ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity. People used multifaceted trans-regional networks - mercantile, kinship, friendship and intellectual - to move across the Persian-speaking world and to find employment at the Deccan courts. This movement, Emma J. Flatt argues, was facilitated by the existence of a shared courtly disposition. Engagement in courtly skills such as letter-writing, perfume-making, astrological divination, performing magic, sword-fighting and wrestling thus became a route to both worldly success and ethical refinement. Using a diverse range of treatises, chronicles, poetry and letters, Flatt unpicks the ways this challenged networks of acceptable behaviour and knowledge in the Indo-Islamicate courtly world - and challenges the idea of perpetual hostility between Islam and Hinduism in Indian history.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false,"last_page":{"pid":"PA318","order":338,"title":"318"}},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DHDGdDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcourtly%2Bsociety%26source%3Dgbs_word_cloud_r%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PA24","flags":8,"order":44,"vq":"courtly society"}]},null,{"number_of_results":56,"search_results":[{"page_id":"PR7","page_number":"vii","snippet_text":"... Court, Courtiers and \u003cb\u003eCourtly Societies\u003c/b\u003e 10 Ethics 15 \u0026#39;The Persianate\u0026#39; and the \u0026#39;Persian Cosmopolis\u0026#39; Structure of the Book 17 24 Part I \u003cb\u003eCourtly Society\u003c/b\u003e 1 Courtly Disposition A \u0026#39;Cosmopolitan\u0026#39; Education An Ethical Education 29 31 33 39 A Courtly\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=HDGdDwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR7\u0026vq=courtly+society"},{"page_id":"PA3","page_number":"3","snippet_text":"... courtly culture? In this book, I argue that Deccani \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e was structured by an understanding of courtliness that had evolved and was broadly shared across the area that has become known as the \u0026#39;Persian Cosmopolis\u0026#39;. This\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA10","page_number":"10","snippet_text":"... society of the court and the behaviour of the courtiers . Until recently the overwhelming focus of historiography on medieval and early modern South Asia has been either on the person of the ... Court, Courtiers and \u003cb\u003eCourtly Societies\u003c/b\u003e."},{"page_id":"PA12","page_number":"12","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003esociety\u003c/b\u003e that, as Ali has argued, \u0026#39;often presume a sort of almost self-evident bureaucratic ration- ality as the ... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e worldview from the Gupta period until 1200.24 Focusing on the world of the \u003cb\u003ecourt\u003c/b\u003e rather than the person of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA17","page_number":"17","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e . In contemporary writing moreover , these same behaviours and domains of knowledge were also considered tools that enabled a courtier to undertake ethical work towards the perfection of his own body and thus , according\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA24","page_number":"24","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eCourtly Society\u003c/b\u003e considers three foundational aspects of \u003cb\u003ecourtly societies\u003c/b\u003e in the Deccan: the formation of a courtly disposition; the building of friendship networks; and the pursuit of a mercantile life. Part II: Courtly Skills\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA25","page_number":"25","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e demonstrate that as an ethic, courtli- ness had both a practical, mundane aspect as well as an internal, spiritual aspect. In Part II, three chapters each consider a specific type of skill: scribal, esoteric and martial\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA27","page_number":"27","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e, presenting instead an episodic structure, which highlights the way common courtly skills could be mobilised in specific circumstances. Throughout this book I remain aware of the speculative nature of some of my\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA28","page_number":"28","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e texts embedded in partic- ular historical circumstances than has been undertaken thus far. The account presented here is not ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e 1 \u003cb\u003eCourtly\u003c/b\u003e Disposition To be a 28 Introduction: Cosmopolitanism, Courtliness and Ethics."},{"page_id":"PA29","page_number":"29","snippet_text":"Living Well in the Persian Cosmopolis Emma J. Flatt. Part I \u003cb\u003eCourtly Society\u003c/b\u003e 1 Courtly Disposition To be a lofty man whose head \u003cb\u003eCourtly Society\u003c/b\u003e."},{"page_id":"PA32","page_number":"32","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e and towards the self. Finally, I will argue that underlying the external traits of this courtly disposition was a widely shared medico- philosophical understanding of the connections between mind, body and soul and the way\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA35","page_number":"35","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e of which he was a member, albeit the most important individual within it. Like other forms of Persian literature, advice literature drew on an earlier tradition, originating in Pahlavi and Neoplatonic literature from the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA38","page_number":"38","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e success should master.30. 25 Ali ff. 6b–71a, bin Taifur Oxford. al-Bistami, Tuh ̇fa-i Qutb Shahı ̄ (c. 1626 ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e (2nd–4th/8th–10th centuries), (London: Routledge, 1998); M. Plessner, \u0026#39;Bat ̇lamiyus\u0026#39;, EI2 online\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA44","page_number":"44","snippet_text":"... courtly service in sultanate Deccan; rather than a bureaucratic empire with a rigid separation between military and administrative ser- vice, the Bahmani sultanate was a \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e in which every member would be expected to perform\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA51","page_number":"51","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e of the Bahmani sultanate. Rather, he conceived of cultural and linguistic plurality as masking an underlying epistemological unity: Know that existence (vujud) is divided into four kinds. The first kind is the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA52","page_number":"52","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e in Medieval Islam (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013), chapter 1. The suggestion that exist- ence has multiple kinds but shares an underlying cosmic unity may also suggest Gavan\u0026#39;s ... \u003cb\u003eCourtly\u003c/b\u003e Disposition \u003cb\u003eCourtly\u003c/b\u003e Bodies."},{"page_id":"PA61","page_number":"61","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e culture , including in the Deccan sultanates , not merely as a frivolous adornment , but as an active ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e ( Delhi : Gyan Publishing House , 1993 ) , p . 43 . 116 See the discussion in Ali Akbar Husain , Scent in the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA62","page_number":"62","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e, 132(2) (2012), 245–73, and compare the lack of detailed knowledge about civet in the INS, f. 4r, 12r, 15r, 18r, 19r, 27r with the meticulous information on civet in the roughly contemporaneous AA, pp. 84–5. 121 Kevra is an\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA81","page_number":"81","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e: the immigrants becoming known as gharibi (westerner or foreigner), and the local Indians and African slaves defining themselves as dakani (Deccanis), although as Eaton points out, both categories were political rather\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA91","page_number":"91","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e figure: the figure of the self-made man. Rather than proclaiming his high birth or illustrious ancestors ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e, 1964). 62 DH; Ziauddin Ahmed Desai, \u0026#39;Haji Abarquhi and his Dı ̄van\u0026#39;, Indo-Iranica, 15 (1962), 12–37. 63\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA102","page_number":"102","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003esociety\u003c/b\u003e that made up the \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e world , both constituted a potential source of loyal followers for that particular individual.112 An influential member of the elite played an important role , not only in introducing young aspirants to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA105","page_number":"105","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e , in which dramatic rises to or falls from power were not uncommon , such links were as important to ... association that defined modern societies and states ( governed by con- tractual relations ) . This notion of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA109","page_number":"109","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e occasion convened by the king to a small party of intimate friends.149 Whilst poetry was frequently recited ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e, 57 (3) (1967), 35. 148 See the sections on perfuming the palace and the bedroom in INS ff. 39r–40r\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA119","page_number":"119","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e. Conclusion This chapter has discussed the networks and relationships that allowed individuals to move vast distances across the Persian Cosmopolis, and to succeed at the Deccani courts once they arrived there. Through a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA120","page_number":"120","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e in the Deccan sultanates was heavily influenced by the practices, the commod- ities and the vocabulary of long-distance trade. After a general overview of trade in Sultanate Deccan, I will discuss the involvement of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA128","page_number":"128","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e offices, whilst others – generally given to high-ranking ministers and army command- ers – were given by ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e Press, 1857), p. 667. 41 Fukazawa, Deccan, pp. 32–5. 42 Fukazawa, Deccan, p. 35. 43 Subrahmanyam\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA129","page_number":"129","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e ; some of the most violent factional confrontations were battles for control over trade routes . Nevertheless , the rewards that were at stake in these conflicts were not merely the monetary rewards of trade , rather\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA130","page_number":"130","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e careers.49 The following section will examine the influence that individual merchants could acquire at \u003cb\u003ecourt\u003c/b\u003e ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e, 1863) pp. 50–1. Contemporary observers claimed a Banjara caravan could have as many 130 Courts\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA133","page_number":"133","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e , but it can be more persuasively explained as a struggle among rival factions over access to the riches of the western ports and the maritime trade routes . 61 As followers of Khalaf Hasan who styled them- selves gharibi\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA137","page_number":"137","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003esociety\u003c/b\u003e.79 This suggests that Abdullah had taken up service at the \u003cb\u003ecourt\u003c/b\u003e of Gilan. Trade, however, remained an ... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e duties: after Gavan assumed the title of Khvajah Jahan in 1466, Ali inherited the title of Malik al-Tujjar\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA145","page_number":"145","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e. Aubin\u0026#39;s painstaking work on the Nimatullahi family, which played such a major part in Bahmani courtly life, demonstrates the extent to which the family and disciples attached to the eponymous Nimatullahi silsilah in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA147","page_number":"147","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e of sultanate Deccan. If we follow the urging of Eaton and Wagoner and direct our attention away from the metropolitan capitals of the sultanate Deccan to the \u0026#39;secondary cities\u0026#39; of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, a\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA150","page_number":"150","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e in the Deccan? In classical Iranian thought merchants had been considered greatly inferior to and entirely separate from the courtly elite, which surrounded the king. Influential Sassanian quadripartite models of society\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA152","page_number":"152","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e in the Deccan is seen in Mahmud Gavan\u0026#39;s letter - writing manual , Manāzīr al - Inshā \u0026#39; , composed in c . 1478 . Insha , as noted earlier , is commonly thought of as one of the most courtly of Persian literary genres\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA156","page_number":"156","snippet_text":"... society would not have been an unfamiliar concept . But by describing a courtly skill as a form of currency , Gavan was introducing a new mercantile framework into the understanding of \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e . Traditionally , seeking employment at\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA160","page_number":"160","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e. Despite the prevalence of the idiom of service in courtly rhetoric, this awareness of the market has a correlation in the emergence in Deccani \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e of a rival idiom of exchange. This idiom depicted\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA162","page_number":"162","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e suggest the emergence of a framework of exchange which structured all social life? Do we see a new concept of courtliness according to which courtiers displayed their skills in an early \u0026#39;job market\u0026#39;, and courtly knowledges\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA164","page_number":"164","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e in greater detail , commen- cing with a study of scribal skills as a route to both courtly success and the formation of an ethical self . 182 OED , emphasis mine . Part II Courtly Skills 4 Scribal Skills In his popular\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA168","page_number":"168","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e , and the development of the genre of insha , the chapter will then consider the understanding of this genre in the fifteenth - century Deccan , through an analysis of Mahmud Gavan\u0026#39;s 1475 insha treatise , Manāzīr al\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA179","page_number":"179","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e , Gavan makes a forceful argument that the art of insha is an essential foundation for the study of all other branches of literature . And , as has already been noted in Chapter 3 , he expressed this in surpris- ingly\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA189","page_number":"189","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e? The fifteenth-century Deccan was a multilingual space, home to several powerful and well- established vernaculars and their respective literary cultures: Telugu, Kannada and Marathi , and to the emergent vernacular of."},{"page_id":"PA197","page_number":"197","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e . In order to acquire the skills and name of munshi. 110 The classic discussion of this , formulated before the appearance of the term \u0026#39; Persian Cosmopolis \u0026#39; remains Phillip B. Wagoner , “ Sultan among Hindu Kings ” : Dress\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA211","page_number":"211","snippet_text":"... society from the poorest and least educated to the intellectual and political elite of \u003cb\u003ecourtly societies\u003c/b\u003e. And yet, until very recently scholars have ignored the copious evidence of practices associated with these sciences, dismissing\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA212","page_number":"212","snippet_text":"... courtly culture. In Bijapur, knowledge of the esoteric sciences seems to have become an arena for a concerted attempt by a powerful court clique to find concep- tual commensurabilities for divergent cosmologies, in a \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA217","page_number":"217","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly societies\u003c/b\u003e. These included those skills I am terming esoteric: astrology, incantations, invocations, possession, talismans, omens, divination, dream interpretation and alchemy. Also included were skills more commonly considered\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA224","page_number":"224","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e, 1992), pp. 137–42. Another Persian text known as theBhupalshastra also seems to include a translation of the Narapatijayacarya ... \u003cb\u003ecourt\u003c/b\u003e , but further research is 224 Esoteric Skills Reading Chakram: Practical \u003cb\u003eCourtly\u003c/b\u003e Tools."},{"page_id":"PA226","page_number":"226","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e elite. The physical construction of particular ritual objects would have been undertaken by artisans ... \u003cb\u003esociety\u003c/b\u003e. In the chamar chakram, for example, which takes the form of a man waving a fly- whisk, if Zuhal (Saturn)\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA228","page_number":"228","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e, where an individual\u0026#39;s position and reputation often depended on a network of alliances, and could be ruined by a coalition of enemies, the utility of an ability to draw and interpret chakram is clear. Beyond using\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA250","page_number":"250","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003esociety\u003c/b\u003e made up of multiple ethnicities and adherents of a plurality of religious and cultural beliefs. Immigrants ... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e and administrative life, members of the Bijapur \u003cb\u003ecourt\u003c/b\u003e spoke or were familiar with a polyglot mix of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA254","page_number":"254","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e texts like the Nujum played an important part in localising and rooting knowledge systems that were either ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e, 36–7 (1990), 62–88. 155 This system derived largely from the Ptolomaic system but following al-Masudi\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA258","page_number":"258","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e, the author of the Nujum demonstrates a keen awareness of the heterogeneity of cultural and ... court familiar with a polyvalence of Persianate traditions. Most. 170 NU, f. 187v. 171 NU, f. 188r. 172 Hutton, Bijapur\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA260","page_number":"260","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly\u003c/b\u003e practices , codes of behaviour and material objects . Successful courtiers and nobles acquired the ability ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e and History , 37 ( 4 ) ( 1995 ) , 692–722 ; Carl Ernst , \u0026#39; Admiring the Works of the Ancients : The\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA261","page_number":"261","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt society\u003c/b\u003e into an awareness of a shared courtly culture and contributes a new perspective on how the commensurabilities described by Wagoner were established and perpetuated . Like the ideal courtier in Mahmud Gavan\u0026#39;s letter\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA275","page_number":"275","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e of which one was part, and the self. Such an attitude required one to acquire useful skills and to perfect the practice of such skills. 28 See Corbin, Introduction to Kashani in Sarraf, Rasaʿil. 29 Corbin notes that in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA280","page_number":"280","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourt\u003c/b\u003e.41 It is feasible that like the Abbasid caliph An-Nasir li-Din Allah, he may have instituted the talim ... \u003cb\u003eSociety\u003c/b\u003e, trans., Edward Jephcott (New York: Pantheon Books, 1983), p. 130. 43 See also the discussion on Ahmad Nizam\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA305","page_number":"305","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003ecourtly society\u003c/b\u003e through the application of esoteric knowledge to ward off disaster, attack a rival or to enhance one\u0026#39;s own position. Simultaneously, many of the specific techniques of each skill required the mobilisation of the body in\u0026nbsp;..."}],"search_query_escaped":"courtly society"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>