Building the Backend

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class="flex items-center space-x-3"><span>Framework</span><svg width="3" height="24" viewBox="0 -9 3 24" class="h-5 rotate-0 overflow-visible fill-gray-400"><path d="M0 0L3 3L0 6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div><div class="font-semibold text-gray-900 truncate dark:text-gray-200">Building the Backend</div></div></div></div><div class="hidden lg:flex px-12 h-12"><div class="h-full flex text-sm space-x-6"><a class="group relative h-full flex items-center text-gray-800 dark:text-gray-200 font-semibold" href="/docs/en/getting-started/why-morph">Guides<div class="absolute bottom-0 h-[1.5px] w-full bg-primary dark:bg-primary-light"></div></a><a class="group relative h-full flex items-center font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 group-hover:text-gray-800 dark:group-hover:text-gray-300" href="/reference/en/framework/morph-project">Reference<div class="absolute bottom-0 h-[1.5px] w-full group-hover:bg-gray-200 dark:group-hover:bg-gray-700"></div></a><a class="group relative h-full flex items-center font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 group-hover:text-gray-800 dark:group-hover:text-gray-300" href="/data-application/en/ai-component-chat">Components<div class="absolute bottom-0 h-[1.5px] w-full group-hover:bg-gray-200 dark:group-hover:bg-gray-700"></div></a><a class="group relative h-full flex items-center font-medium text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-400 group-hover:text-gray-800 dark:group-hover:text-gray-300" href="/troubleshooting/en/cli/deployment-issues">Troubleshooting<div class="absolute bottom-0 h-[1.5px] w-full group-hover:bg-gray-200 dark:group-hover:bg-gray-700"></div></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="max-w-8xl px-4 mx-auto lg:px-8"><div class="z-20 hidden lg:block fixed bottom-0 right-auto w-[18rem]" id="sidebar" style="top:7rem"><div class="absolute inset-0 z-10 stable-scrollbar-gutter overflow-auto pr-8 pb-10" id="sidebar-content"><div class="relative lg:text-sm 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text-gray-600 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300"><div class="mr-4 rounded-md p-1 zinc-box group-hover:brightness-100 group-hover:ring-0 ring-1 ring-gray-950/5 dark:ring-gray-700/40"><svg class="h-4 w-4 secondary-opacity group-hover:fill-primary-dark group-hover:bg-white bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/duotone/brackets-curly.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/duotone/brackets-curly.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></div>Code Snippets</a></li><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Getting Started</h5><ul><li id="/docs/en/getting-started/why-morph" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/getting-started/why-morph"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/lightbulb.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/lightbulb.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Introduction</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/getting-started/installation" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/getting-started/installation"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/wrench.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/wrench.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Installation</div></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Quick Start</h5><ul><li id="/docs/en/quickstart/building-app" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/quickstart/building-app"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/rocket.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/rocket.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Building AI App</div></div></a></li><li><div class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/link.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/link.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="">How to Deploy</div><svg width="8" height="24" viewBox="0 -9 3 24" class="transition-transform text-gray-400 overflow-visible group-hover:text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-600 dark:group-hover:text-gray-400 -mr-0.5"><path d="M0 0L3 3L0 6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div></li></ul></div><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Framework</h5><ul><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/framework" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/framework"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/eye.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/eye.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Framework Overview</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/alias" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/alias"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/shuffle.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/shuffle.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Alias</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/building-backend" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl bg-primary/10 text-primary font-semibold dark:text-primary-light dark:bg-primary-light/10" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/building-backend"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-primary dark:bg-primary-light" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/brackets-curly.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/brackets-curly.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Building the Backend</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/building-frontend" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/building-frontend"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/brands/markdown.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/brands/markdown.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Building the Frontend</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/environment-variables" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/environment-variables"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/square-terminal.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/square-terminal.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Environment Variables</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/integration" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/integration"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/database.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/database.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Data Connector</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/variables" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/variables"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/code.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/code.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Variables</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/user-role" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/user-role"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/user.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/user.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Role-based Access Control</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/guides/updating-project" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/updating-project"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/rotate.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/rotate.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Updating the Project</div></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Deployment</h5><ul><li id="/docs/en/deploy/customize-dockerfile" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/deploy/customize-dockerfile"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/server.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/server.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Customizing the Runtime Environment</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/deploy/environment-variables" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/deploy/environment-variables"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/square-terminal.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/square-terminal.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Environment Variables</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/deploy/public" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/deploy/public"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/link.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/link.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Enable Public Access</div></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Tutorials: Data Analysis</h5><ul><li id="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/pygwalker" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/pygwalker"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/chart-user.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/chart-user.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Build a BI app using Pygwalker</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/plotly" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/plotly"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/chart-bar.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/chart-bar.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Build a sophisticated dashboard using Plotly</div></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Tutorials: LLM Apps</h5><ul><li id="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/chatbot" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/chatbot"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/message-dots.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/message-dots.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Create a chat app</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/chat_sidebyside" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/develop/tutorials/chat_sidebyside"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/code.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/code.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>AI Chat generates and executes code</div></div></a></li></ul></div><div class="mt-12 lg:mt-8"><h5 class="pl-4 mb-3.5 lg:mb-2.5 font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Advanced</h5><ul><li id="/docs/en/advanced/api_key" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/advanced/api_key"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/key.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/key.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>API Key</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/advanced/builtin-postgres" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/advanced/builtin-postgres"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/database.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/database.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Built-in PostgreSQL</div></div></a></li><li id="/docs/en/advanced/migration-guide" class="scroll-m-4 first:scroll-m-20"><a class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem" href="/docs/en/advanced/migration-guide"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/arrows-turn-to-dots.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/arrows-turn-to-dots.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="flex-1 flex items-center space-x-2.5"><div>Version Migration Guide</div></div></a></li><li><div class="group mt-2 lg:mt-0 flex items-center pr-3 py-1.5 cursor-pointer focus:outline-primary dark:focus:outline-primary-light gap-x-3 rounded-xl hover:bg-gray-600/5 dark:hover:bg-gray-200/5 text-gray-700 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300" style="padding-left:1rem"><svg class="h-4 w-4 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/plug.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/regular/plug.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg><div class="">Connectors</div><svg width="8" height="24" viewBox="0 -9 3 24" class="transition-transform text-gray-400 overflow-visible group-hover:text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-600 dark:group-hover:text-gray-400 -mr-0.5"><path d="M0 0L3 3L0 6" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="" id="content-container"><div class="flex flex-row gap-12 box-border w-full pt-40 lg:pt-10"><div class="relative grow box-border flex-col w-full mx-auto px-1 lg:pl-[23.7rem] lg:-ml-12 xl:w-[calc(100%-28rem)]" id="content-area"><header id="header" class="relative"><div class="mt-0.5 space-y-2.5"><div class="eyebrow h-5 text-primary dark:text-primary-light text-sm font-semibold">Framework</div><div class="flex items-center"><h1 class="inline-block text-2xl sm:text-3xl font-bold text-gray-900 tracking-tight dark:text-gray-200">Building the Backend</h1></div></div></header><div class="flex flex-col gap-8"></div><div class="relative mt-8 prose prose-gray dark:prose-invert"><p>In Morph, you build the backend using Python. You can freely add Python packages to build data processing and AI workflows.</p> <h2 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="development-flow"><div class="absolute"><a href="#development-flow" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 text-gray-400 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center zinc-box bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">Development Flow</span></h2> <p>The steps for backend development in Morph are as follows.</p> <div role="list" class="ml-3.5 mt-10 mb-6"><div role="listitem" class="relative flex items-start pb-2"><div class="absolute w-px h-[calc(100%-2.75rem)] top-[2.75rem] bg-gray-200/70 dark:bg-white/10"></div><div class="absolute ml-[-14px] py-2"><div class="w-7 h-7 shrink-0 rounded-lg bg-gray-100 dark:text-white dark:bg-[#26292E] text-sm text-gray-800 font-semibold flex items-center justify-center">1</div></div><div class="w-full overflow-hidden pl-12 pr-px"><p class="mt-2 font-semibold prose dark:prose-invert text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Add Python Packages</p><div><p>Since Morph follows the common Python project format, you can freely add Python packages. Add the necessary packages to <code>requirements.txt</code> or <code>poetry.toml</code>.</p></div></div></div><div role="listitem" class="relative flex items-start pb-2"><div class="absolute w-px h-[calc(100%-2.75rem)] top-[2.75rem] bg-gray-200/70 dark:bg-white/10"></div><div class="absolute ml-[-14px] py-2"><div class="w-7 h-7 shrink-0 rounded-lg bg-gray-100 dark:text-white dark:bg-[#26292E] text-sm text-gray-800 font-semibold flex items-center justify-center">2</div></div><div class="w-full overflow-hidden pl-12 pr-px"><p class="mt-2 font-semibold prose dark:prose-invert text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Define Python Functions and Add Morph Decorators</p><div><p>By adding Morph decorators to regular Python function definitions, you can set aliases. This allows you to reference the results of these functions from other Python, SQL, or Markdown files.</p><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock border border-transparent dark:border-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class=""><span class="token keyword">import</span> pandas <span class="token keyword">as</span> pd</span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">import</span> morph</span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">from</span> morph <span class="token keyword">import</span> MorphGlobalContext</span>  <span class=""><span class="token comment"># Add Morph decorators</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@morph<span class="token punctuation">.</span>func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"example_dataframe"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token decorator annotation punctuation">@morph<span class="token punctuation">.</span>load_data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"example_data"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span></span> <span class=""><span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">example_dataframe</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>context<span class="token punctuation">:</span> MorphGlobalContext<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span></span> <span class=""> df <span class="token operator">=</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>data<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">"example_data"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span></span> <span class=""> <span class="token keyword">return</span> df</span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div role="listitem" class="relative flex items-start pb-2"><div class="absolute w-px h-[calc(100%-2.75rem)] top-[2.75rem] bg-gray-200/70 dark:bg-white/10"></div><div class="absolute ml-[-14px] py-2"><div class="w-7 h-7 shrink-0 rounded-lg bg-gray-100 dark:text-white dark:bg-[#26292E] text-sm text-gray-800 font-semibold flex items-center justify-center">3</div></div><div class="w-full overflow-hidden pl-12 pr-px"><p class="mt-2 font-semibold prose dark:prose-invert text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Test Python Functions</p><div><p>Use the <code>morph run</code> command to execute functions for unit testing.</p><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock border border-transparent dark:border-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="">morph run example_dataframe</span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div><div role="listitem" class="relative flex items-start pb-2"><div class="absolute w-px h-[calc(100%-2.75rem)] top-[2.75rem] bg-transparent bg-gradient-to-b from-gray-200 dark:from-white/10 via-80% to-transparent"></div><div class="absolute ml-[-14px] py-2"><div class="w-7 h-7 shrink-0 rounded-lg bg-gray-100 dark:text-white dark:bg-[#26292E] text-sm text-gray-800 font-semibold flex items-center justify-center">4</div></div><div class="w-full overflow-hidden pl-12 pr-px"><p class="mt-2 font-semibold prose dark:prose-invert text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-200">Start the Development Server</p><div><p>By starting the development server, you can check the web application locally.</p><div class="mt-5 mb-8 not-prose rounded-2xl relative text-gray-50 bg-[#0F1117] dark:bg-codeblock border border-transparent dark:border-gray-800/50 codeblock-dark"><div class="min-w-full relative text-sm leading-6 children:!my-0 children:!shadow-none children:!bg-transparent transition-[height] duration-300 ease-in-out" style="font-variant-ligatures:none;height:auto"><div class="overflow-x-auto h-full p-5 overflow-y-hidden scrollbar-thin scrollbar-thumb-rounded scrollbar-thumb-white/20 dark:scrollbar-thumb-white/20 hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:hover:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25 dark:active:scrollbar-thumb-white/25"><pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="">morph serve</span> </code></pre></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <h2 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="return-values-of-python-functions"><div class="absolute"><a href="#return-values-of-python-functions" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 text-gray-400 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center zinc-box bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">Return Values of Python Functions</span></h2> <p>Python functions defined in a Morph project should have the following return values.</p> <h3 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="dataframe"><div class="absolute"><a href="#dataframe" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 text-gray-400 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center zinc-box bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">DataFrame</span></h3> <p>A DataFrame object representing the result of data processing. SQL execution results are also handled as DataFrames. Use this when you want to use the result of data processing in other Python files or display it in Markdown files.</p> <p>The corresponding Markdown component is <a href="/data-application/ja/data-component-table"><code><DataFrame></code></a>.</p>  <h3 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="html-string"><div class="absolute"><a href="#html-string" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 text-gray-400 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center zinc-box bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">HTML String</span></h3> <p>An HTML string for rendering the results of data visualization. Use this when you want to display graphs drawn using visualization libraries like Plotly or Bokeh.</p> <p>The corresponding Markdown component is <a href="/data-application/ja/data-component-embed"><code><Embed></code></a>.</p>  <h3 class="flex whitespace-pre-wrap group font-semibold" id="streaming"><div class="absolute"><a href="#streaming" class="-ml-10 flex items-center opacity-0 border-0 group-hover:opacity-100" aria-label="Navigate to header"><div class="w-6 h-6 text-gray-400 rounded-md flex items-center justify-center zinc-box bg-white ring-1 ring-gray-400/30 dark:ring-gray-700/25 hover:ring-gray-400/60 dark:hover:ring-white/20"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="gray" height="12px" viewBox="0 0 576 512"><path d="M0 256C0 167.6 71.6 96 160 96h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C98.1 144 48 194.1 48 256s50.1 112 112 112h72c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H160C71.6 416 0 344.4 0 256zm576 0c0 88.4-71.6 160-160 160H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c61.9 0 112-50.1 112-112s-50.1-112-112-112H344c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24h72c88.4 0 160 71.6 160 160zM184 232H392c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24s-10.7 24-24 24H184c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24s10.7-24 24-24z"></path></svg></div></a></div><span class="cursor-pointer">Streaming</span></h3> <p>Use this when using streaming APIs such as LLM API. Execute value streaming using the <code>stream_chat</code> function.</p> <p>The corresponding Markdown component is <a href="/data-application/ja/ai-component-chat"><code><Chat></code></a>.</p> </div><div class="leading-6 mt-14"><div class="mb-12 px-0.5 flex items-center text-sm font-semibold text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-200"><a class="flex items-center space-x-3 group" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/alias"><svg viewBox="0 0 3 6" class="h-1.5 stroke-gray-400 overflow-visible group-hover:stroke-gray-600 dark:group-hover:stroke-gray-300"><path d="M3 0L0 3L3 6" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg><span class="group-hover:text-gray-900 dark:group-hover:text-white">Alias</span></a><a class="flex items-center ml-auto space-x-3 group" href="/docs/en/develop/guides/building-frontend"><span class="group-hover:text-gray-900 dark:group-hover:text-white">Building the Frontend</span><svg viewBox="0 0 3 6" class="rotate-180 h-1.5 stroke-gray-400 overflow-visible group-hover:stroke-gray-600 dark:group-hover:stroke-gray-300"><path d="M3 0L0 3L3 6" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg></a></div><footer id="footer" class="flex gap-12 justify-between pt-10 border-t border-gray-100 sm:flex dark:border-gray-800/50 pb-28"><div class="flex gap-6 flex-wrap"><a href="https://x.com/morphdbHQ" target="_blank"><span class="sr-only">x</span><svg class="w-5 h-5 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-500 dark:hover:bg-gray-400" style="-webkit-mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/brands/x-twitter.svg);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-image:url(https://mintlify.b-cdn.net/v6.6.0/brands/x-twitter.svg);mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-position:center"></svg></a><a href="https://github.com/useMorph" target="_blank"><span class="sr-only">github</span><svg class="w-5 h-5 bg-gray-400 dark:bg-gray-500 hover:bg-gray-500 dark:hover:bg-gray-400" 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hover:text-gray-700 dark:hover:text-gray-300 text-nowrap">Powered by Mintlify</a></div></div></footer></div></div><div class="hidden xl:flex self-start sticky h-[calc(100vh-11rem)] top-[9.5rem]" id="content-side-layout"><div class="z-10 hidden xl:flex pl-10 box-border w-[19rem]" id="table-of-contents"><div id="table-of-contents-content" class="text-gray-600 text-sm leading-6 w-[16.5rem] overflow-y-auto space-y-2"><div class="text-gray-700 dark:text-gray-300 font-medium flex items-center space-x-2"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="h-3 w-3"><path d="M2.44434 12.6665H13.5554" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M2.44434 3.3335H13.5554" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M2.44434 8H7.33323" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg><span>On this page</span></div><ul><li><a href="#development-flow" class="py-1 block font-medium hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300">Development Flow</a></li><li><a href="#return-values-of-python-functions" class="py-1 block font-medium hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300">Return Values of Python Functions</a></li><li class=""><a style="margin-left:1rem" href="#dataframe" class="group flex items-start py-1 whitespace-pre-wrap text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300">DataFrame</a></li><li class=""><a style="margin-left:1rem" href="#html-string" class="group flex items-start py-1 whitespace-pre-wrap text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300">HTML String</a></li><li class=""><a style="margin-left:1rem" href="#streaming" class="group flex items-start py-1 whitespace-pre-wrap text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-900 dark:text-gray-400 dark:hover:text-gray-300">Streaming</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script 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