CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136adcd2b50ce55',cH: 'FgSiqEyKBVhabZlMmyf1gL6WxrVEyuIIJJy4g8192I0-1739804761-1.2.1.1-TpeNtn2Gi_vKrRJFINS3prmwk2RH252y2c4G15pmIQOuMY8PrmvXPRgXOUcvPqvJ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Moustapha%20Bachirou&__cf_chl_tk=_AA82Vi80LRwhr3w3vJOTwg3g4LHxcPM3zUIT3TqCDM-1739804761-1.0.1.1-qfmF.d3QuCYUavMcIhw6yK7dbvlC14U3tXKCfOKI4kw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739804761',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Moustapha%20Bachirou&__cf_chl_f_tk=_AA82Vi80LRwhr3w3vJOTwg3g4LHxcPM3zUIT3TqCDM-1739804761-1.0.1.1-qfmF.d3QuCYUavMcIhw6yK7dbvlC14U3tXKCfOKI4kw",md: "fbjrnG0BVO3YttneoMDqb7tFUypNhjaInaYm1TIZ_MI-1739804761-1.2.1.1-lTbPXULlgW06ongE.BqNhXkDraVmfY6UaI7fzRAU6wY9Tpyi6xNDd.yt.pEU8iQjyqtAWOXLfQ7XZ6PDHU31VG4wMBqQnf09D3KeFVoz.WFtHZbzuVNfLrPGz6gKKvA1zSnCR7a4ihCJ0zqqavUIoTHUlP1KG2Abvr3PI0Q9uvTOUNECexXgiJrnOwtfNnALqTpF3U1mZ5jauGwXFC1ZH2iTzy0A9G0WcjWBbKuirbJ7ycFFV9kXpFk4PXVI8y.JVEu.lGQoYbHm_svouV49GhXUswHL.IyeQK6jwMzN6D6j6F1VjiEwKm_ZzaH58A22ML7C5qmMmy7ND9E8YmSB1QeJc.Y88iadHM42s4KzZmmjuDeSYUd5ioMukToQvypwfRjx7c2trIGa7XroXyBZaJpBazzbDMCqLO9_qBGujr0MZczNd8JWtWeAh7C3JV5RYuMfSI6PfU.Qcr0AnvbGJBwrHJEDc5Fv8S5pPE5rPe6vG7B4QbhbvMFacJbJ7GS9.1XbJcK5Za.lUN03Idip3B10mOY379EFOSIM5.yJs7dcH6xoh6hu.Uoz_KiS5waKtipgEKSNJs9ZJM2Ry5Hydw9MLAanQ4Zda6W2m.kWvGOXKj5YlzzhuOjXNm3do1jKYuxpxNrQh8X_qEHWZj1_J.Ben.dL7P_lUBu5AgKWV6lqHzLpjwSWOfGMtE1xvfXv8cXYvGCY5zzTNEUYRvAgRuuXa9yNc776ViAriavX_BRc3pxWdSHeWR8gLutIg95FIeUOj4C2mgJ2NYCSdGkfzgFtoGOvP2k7zTB_GLl07MiJdEkNU_TIiByQBj1yrgdNbVoLVQgGYFOUPI9yUKA5V5ajirzn9lyWE5EkxAZ7qSU_ZPiwnxEolldsI.Ck9erlft9nNj48E6sVpvL0k3U1nOf3sDjWo5w8zvJBOU498xOo7wshfINwc8yNOQvjYeE32S3XgAIpH7.9137LrGhvXbSiBkV.PP8ovXo5XFCJd2vDUMUuMJ_6bOnqogNB4.W8wdH_Z1fG4tN331QhcCxWqhQyPZVTsaYo5W7j0nL_yw2BXYybmkUaG72esyCWuSjYJjS.Qt1hrEIeUJ48F9T9v2tziynMtkbiwl8hhPgIWgMiV5YEt9Zr4cCUT9JzZAUemapuOGq7wS1j6kkPjs0QYIvocdkGOJVnncH4lDRA_VqdbjI2F0ShPmIfBEC1BOyE12YhTY9NztNmZG48.bCKEkwVLtYZi9_rnCYSR_82Do__MTtE8.uPHebyhT4WOFFFx1lRlDOED7xH07vRj4XwOytQOKvlLIdjBXrnPbsGXmrl98r7QDRKnuyRzZXNuL2RHc9zV428LB9rMICcwwmanfXNoGnijRfCwrlq69UwR5A0XdvJg0qh8WDoWmhLlUxU4bP.Yb8AXPuA6LN7ze8jOCk0I_vG7TQ4vWfC6nI8LG3juYEDFjWb_sOPvfEwa.KVCs5thBrpK.CGwYBL4letmi1qfqSJ1IwFweqTqb_83VTgXc_dfYoK4NROFQ3QVSqvcrRaPDjg5vz_jFYOss76YHqDGX4RnQ6d6tigDON_EIfk_MbaEsb5RzNQB2egm4cDh9HdWMVeCj.nmWuXxKzMnRVva_tMYXxPPKWwcDWelHD8.4jAavozxMN0ai_ITZ1ge0IF5FrAarV2C4y8lsV7FGQQPh.avx6r27sksIC4yyx.XrktYSvRHbSgiHytMoh0DxyEDGRaFFFCd5R5qP4w2BqrmS_nvTQzUFC_RFL2ysJJCcFElPehmxULmhoNgeyyDia.D2YL1Jlri4JqRfkmTOsd_mB9Ygfmpc0aSoS6eIFCLj9nIxscL5EHeyMKLxgz5k95pptBx.dtyBgF0HEFgoDvb1Auq63BaFdsC39q7isrgENqc7hVGZmStjeNG0oSZ27Z2WL.ZGjLRwRC8cFYc.xFqh_LmQN8lBztwsU.mXo",mdrd: "kM_K4BPpBQ0aft2D59ErFJuS.fkernK5pHbFeZb7OiQ-1739804761-1.2.1.1-az7c5dYKcK_2tMP.wPZ401M4Y0Bzuf1rsFTHo0yI53Gjq0iT4bt0m4Fe_Nw_hv0NxTMv.WVoGFc2XOXIjpj5vSsCFG8PGDz77OqTdep3T8qQF5X_giqyqEU6Ex0KNizxSjDoXSa3M7svsXFpuS0yCjrgMTfntUulj0hXWhFN1DH6j70Ms0zaB_iTzCkYjUDBoHhOj6rH2jHSmw7Fn3IrfEzrAR_RCnOK6AQAlZuWR.kMlSJm8TNDOOae6oVSIqe4Rq6fXZSTuFM2p_JSxXWVFFJZorLKo..FRTvvKRlvVp08ffpG9ZGDJezvC7e.fvU_pHPy.AjZBbqKJcjQmtPgDhiLe02pFpz5wvIj1iwmGk2ipijT6DMI1sYBkD811wR8DBQ7O9SIeUfHLxapVJDZGDQvcTqqRe4scfZevW.k1RJ3l8Er2osoizXLs4pzzuGUISsEVDPDPwv1qNV0rh7CY2ivuFjSngalDq18poGR9FIkMgYjF9upqtoqKQf1YqfLpRPd8EjH_sfNNOEaY2y_RYfVgMfhhCr8jGFutL.bRYw.HvWw4SBVTi3f6wpkbnccIxO1f1FUt.wbc28QDIbE6xzE8JBZBd79RXLrZzSWjb1BTUsAWzTgW2LhuaIMtEnDnfa6sV1zfrrz.D1oj5Cw1GCoC1r9C_6OnkNTcFo5W38erfIUzlgulfrgCAiN.vi7H9f4LtAuXw8IPoO7sE4MKNeCiQzIw41R1y860_swYam00aTjH71RhTLsRcHG_CZ3PqGb4AfvWus_V3_FHGQVCZs8.keSvT_5gfh3fTFn2EUpvcq7JlQqYkM1QQAG3GEqyMQ51Iobg0.5rjW2GWB9DcG6kiJqOiWJA3VY32U293y0JrNMf5yQ0TqbU6BLguTa6u8HdoaWp8nMmVdJVA8VM1bvmRJvWjt2GZteXMAO5WE2wRdzxEzZP2xRpUghIHdNPiTNnnmWl7WXYYituxGMWqy5xajACmKs41dPFr6Zc_M_X_K8X19DZFt_XxAh8H0OkZbYT_Be7l3PSjalhLriniLqwx5lHPHqrhV3L1z08V8oEtBcyxpvg4RkQt1CbUMKRNeDOI2arZdFqKKKheZekLB5BCydiAsBcrzUCca2Iq9yVeZks7JAqjkH_wCEFxVekoq3SprYjAympl.4RQkGTDO0qdGlTulmb9E.Cf0nEBGbrkpnbSC1yfYhPEDKpPvMpLLYfy6LGqowobO6x900qCy0KeFW95BTyI4.8hVsgL7mgfk7RmDglpaDb0FsEHakAHpt5RTLfu5IA7Kd_RAxmqjYSPKYBbYjqsG9qqeNq_3zA93uNM9t3HY3aVfwvjuDKEILWXRwBfn1thG0ViDt2MdjoDOBEFmv6GxBuTcoAJ3rwc9YQKtl2ac.RU_DptzPT93V.PY.CpF9DjRrZdCFVm3XUU0XAwXP19_LG_xhkBQaNnwJnVnxt2ZYj0ekp9i98Vmd.ctBhZOkYvcHoIKTew.H0SqWk.Sc_6BHQRheIMoZMzbymk_al0Ud0HbR8j0zls.vc.8Y.hhy28HMWuK.2vlWD3g4ptH5ujWIMtrJt.DGICAGV.Bx6pvSxnQxfm4qQp2xJFkkJ0HAbXw4Rt6eS4yRe40LZ7C28zc9SnuGanIczOs6pUwpJiH3DXyf2dOrXQPnsnk8enm7oV1Hobx9lhyKgy9hr3_C4mXplf39lOFbi2JF9luG_gJHe3B2gdtATL.7fSxCDBpRVZjfAuF2f0rjB..sOGvqVGj.OOilLZZx.hc3nVHlAc7WyhtiEErrfm9LUpJEoR1n3PEUUQRoN50neIde_wio_WfMLtpUfRhOSOUa1cQzd0qXJZXS3CVW_x8nRWPldrqKA7aq8fg_UtGQz.5DkmvieIRETzDulgX5G4v.9kulVpe9_6Wo8G7qDM4sFciSnQ3v0hQm0Lk6v6olwtRku6JHzBx_Xwb0r6O1P0ii07RludGLm2KuNHnO"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136adcd2b50ce55';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Moustapha%20Bachirou&__cf_chl_rt_tk=_AA82Vi80LRwhr3w3vJOTwg3g4LHxcPM3zUIT3TqCDM-1739804761-1.0.1.1-qfmF.d3QuCYUavMcIhw6yK7dbvlC14U3tXKCfOKI4kw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>