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economic development</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: local economic development"> <meta name="keywords" content="local economic development"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="local economic development"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 23919</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: local economic development</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23919</span> Local Residents' Perceptions of Economic Impacts of Urban Riverfront Development: Case of Sabarmati Riverfront Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Smriti%20Mishra">Smriti Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaydip%20Barman"> Jaydip Barman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashi%20Kant%20Pandey"> Shashi Kant Pandey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many scholars suggest that waterfront development projects have an all round impact on cities. However, their research stops short of considering the perception of local residents, of what they think about the impact of such developments and the kind of waterfront development which they would prefer to support. Therefore, this paper attempts to address this imbalance in the literature by analysing a survey of residents' perceptions of such developments. The paper discusses the issue in the Indian context by considering Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project (SRFD) of Ahmadabad. It gives an overview of the project components of the SRFD; discusses its development issues and concerns associated with it. It further examines the structural relationship between socio-economic and demographic attributes of local residents and their attitudes and perception towards the economic impact of such developments. The study suggests that the economic component that riverfront development will attract more investment in their community and that riverfront development will increase real estate tax revenue emerged as strong components. While the economic component of substantial premiums to developers, land owners and local government and the other of cost of developing riverfront facilities are too much of a burden on government and public sector agencies appear to be weaker economic components of the perceived economic impacts of urban riverfront development. This paper also gives an overview of the urban waterfront development in the global scenario. It highlights the need to consider residents perception in the development of such projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20waterfront%20development" title="urban waterfront development">urban waterfront development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riverfront" title=" riverfront"> riverfront</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resident%20perception" title=" resident perception"> resident perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SRFD" title=" SRFD"> SRFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23544/local-residents-perceptions-of-economic-impacts-of-urban-riverfront-development-case-of-sabarmati-riverfront-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23918</span> Spatial Distribution of Socio-Economic Factors in Kogi State, Nigeria: Development Issues and Implication(s)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20A.%20Sadiq">Yahya A. Sadiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20F.%20Balogun"> Grace F. Balogun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufemi%20J.%20Anjorin"> Olufemi J. Anjorin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analyzed the spatial distribution of socio-economic factors in Kogi state with a view to examining its implications on the development of the state. Consequently, questionnaires were administered on both the selected individual respondents (784) in the state and on the administrative offices (local council offices, 21) to solicit relevant information on the spatial distribution of socio-economic factors in their areas. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using percentages. The study revealed commerce/trade, education, and health care, etc. as the major socio-economic factors in the state but with marked variation/imbalance in their spatial distribution across the study area. The rural-based local government areas have far less of such important facilities. Conclusively, it was recommended that there is need for socio-economic transformation of living conditions of people in the study area especially by positively redistributing local political power and the resources that are abound in the state will be felt by everybody including the commoners. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20government%20areas%20%28LGAs%29" title=" local government areas (LGAs)"> local government areas (LGAs)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20distribution" title=" spatial distribution"> spatial distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20factors" title=" socio-economic factors"> socio-economic factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57526/spatial-distribution-of-socio-economic-factors-in-kogi-state-nigeria-development-issues-and-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23917</span> Bank's Role in Economic Growth: Case of Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Khalifa">S. Khalifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Chkoundali"> R. Chkoundali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The specific role of banks in economic development varies, depending on scope. Firstly, the participation of banks in economic development focus around providing credit and services to generate revenues, which are then invested back into a local, national or international community. The specific roles banks play in the economic development of a small community differ from the role banks play in national or international economic development. Although the role can vary, factors such as access to credit and bank investment policies or practices remain constant, no matter the scope of economic development. This paper provides an overview of the economic situation of Africa and its short-term outlook. He referred to the progress made in the implementation of the Medium-Term Strategy (2008-2012) and some major achievements of the Bank, as the speed and flexibility with which she responded to the oil crisis, food and financial. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank" title=" bank"> bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20507/banks-role-in-economic-growth-case-of-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23916</span> E-Commercial Enterprises' Behavior on China's Local Government's Economic Policy: An Example from Zhejiang Province</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chi%20Cheng">Chia-Chi Cheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the implementation of “the internet plus,” several puzzles emerge as below: why does China impose more regulation and laws on economic development on the Internet? Why does China urge the importance of manufacturing industry? Why does China’s local government passively implement the policy imposed by the central government? What kind of factors can influence China’s local government’s economic preference? In the framework of neo-institutionalism, this research considers China’s local government as changing agents to analyze its preferences and behavior. In general, the interests urged by the local government will decide its preference and behaviors. They will change its counterpart to cooperate if the change will bring more benefits. Thus, they will change its preference and behavior while the external environment alters. While the local government has the same definition on political activity and economic interest, they will prefer to cooperate with the local enterprises in the way of laying symbiont, within the presumption that the institution remains. While the local government has the different positions on political activity and economic interest, they will re-define the existed regulation or create new regulation in the condition of institution vacuum. Sequentially, they will replace the targets, and the policy, which does not fit in the Central government’s policy, will emerge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20change" title=" institutional change"> institutional change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20enterprise%20relationship" title=" government enterprise relationship"> government enterprise relationship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-commercial%20policy" title=" e-commercial policy"> e-commercial policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84758/e-commercial-enterprises-behavior-on-chinas-local-governments-economic-policy-an-example-from-zhejiang-province" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84758.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23915</span> The Intricacies of Local Governance in Local Economic Development: A Case Study of uThukela's Traditional Authority</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Methembe%20Mdlalose">Methembe Mdlalose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper synthesizes the findings of a study that utilized a purposive sampling methodology laced within a grounded theory analytical framework with LED managers, mayors, and traditional leaders representing six municipalities of uThukela District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The paper critiques the two institution’s micro-relations within local governance and their overall impact on the general development discourse of rural areas. The study is located in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, a part of South Africa that experiences extremely low levels of development in rural areas and suffers from high rates of inequality, poverty, and unemployment. The paper unpacks the role of two significant stakeholders in the local sphere. Considered as the two dominant stakeholders at the local level, questions of compatibility between traditional leaders and municipal councillors often surge, as the two institutions (who represent two autonomous entities) that operate within the same operational boarders. The discussion around community development lies very deeply on accountability, which assures citizens that fruitless spending is curbed and good governance is maintained. If development is to be assured, it is vital to monitor accountability within government spheres and its departments. It is further essential to monitor the relations within local government. The findings of this research confirmed how relationships between traditional leaders and councillors can and have contributed to economic development or its stagnation thereof in rural areas. In addition, the findings revealed that there is an extensive need for the two stakeholders to work collectively, as this is a vital move in planning for development. Furthermore, the better accountability of local government and a better understanding of how clear policy and its implementation is may be a valuable asset in the discourse of community economic development in rural areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title="economic development">economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20leadership" title=" traditional leadership"> traditional leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democratically%20elected%20councillors" title=" democratically elected councillors"> democratically elected councillors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20governance" title=" local governance"> local governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75683/the-intricacies-of-local-governance-in-local-economic-development-a-case-study-of-uthukelas-traditional-authority" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75683.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23914</span> Sustainable Tourism at the Bedside of Local Development of a Rural Coastline Village: Taleza, Collo, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sihem%20Ferah">Sihem Ferah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karima%20Messaoudi"> Karima Messaoudi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism is far from of being apprehended as a closed space limited to a defined area. The different experiences in the world have shown that tourism should be set up in the city, where locals can meet tourists, to know their history, tradition, culture, and relationship with the territory. In Algeria, the strategy employed in the context of promoting tourism is to integrate sustainable tourism based on a set of instruments such as the tourism expansion areas named ZET. Unfortunately, these areas have promoted the economic and environmental dimension, neglecting the social dimension which is the responsible of the community well–being. The case of Taleza village in Collo (characterized by its various potential) demonstrates clearly this paradox between the planned tourism in the ZET in Taleza as an economic product and the Tourism lived inside this local environment. When people by their genius and innovative action have succeeded to create an alternative tourism (social tourism) developed through guesthouses, sales of local products which have participated in promoting local Tourism Taleza. The aim of this research is to find a strong position between the planned space ZET and the village of Taleža where sustainable tourism can be installed that encourages the social membership, preservation of the natural heritage of Taleza and generates economic benefits that will ensure a local development of the village and will succeed in maintain sustainable tourism on its territory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism" title="sustainable tourism">sustainable tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20development" title=" local development"> local development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20areas" title=" rural areas"> rural areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20expansion%20zone" title=" tourism expansion zone"> tourism expansion zone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47219/sustainable-tourism-at-the-bedside-of-local-development-of-a-rural-coastline-village-taleza-collo-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47219.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23913</span> Community Based Local Economic Development Strategy Using Strategic Asumption Surfacing and Testing and Expoential Rank Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kholil%20Kholil">Kholil Kholil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soecahyadi%20Soecahyadi"> Soecahyadi Soecahyadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geographically, Padang Panjang Regency which located in the heart of Western Sumatra has great potentials for the tourism industry. However, these potentials have not been strategically developed for increasing local economic development and people's welfare. The purpose of this research is to design the strategy of sustainable tourism area development using Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing (SAST) and Exponential Rank Method (ERM). Result study showed, there are four aspects which importance and certainly for developing tourism area destination in Padang Panjang Regency; (1) tourist information center and promotion, (2) regional cooperation development; (3) minangese center as a center of excellence; and (4) building the center of the public market. To build an attractive tourist area required action plan includes the construction of an information center, center of excellence of minangese, and tourist infrastructure; and public participation is a key success factor for ensuring sustainability of tourism development in Padang Panjang Regency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20economic%20development" title="local economic development">local economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20attraction" title=" tourism attraction"> tourism attraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SAST" title=" SAST"> SAST</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ERM" title=" ERM"> ERM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63921/community-based-local-economic-development-strategy-using-strategic-asumption-surfacing-and-testing-and-expoential-rank-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23912</span> Sino-Africa Trade Ties: The Curse of African Minerals: Tweaking the Corporate Scorecard to Benefit the Mining Village Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donald%20Ouko">Donald Ouko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For decades, Africa has been home to several foreign companies doing business in various sectors. In recent years, China has consistently positioned itself as a development partner powerhouse among African nations. However, this has not been felt as equally beneficial to the local communities where the partnerships bloom in extractives trading. This paper explores the impact of Chinese involvement in mining on the local communities in three African countries, the factors that enable the sector to thrive amid the impacts, and what could be done differently for the local communities to experience a different outcome. It suggests alternative terms of engagement that aim at transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption to ensure inclusive social and economic development, and sound governance both at state and corporate levels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20and%20society" title="law and society">law and society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20development" title=" social development"> social development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance" title=" corporate governance"> corporate governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China-Africa%20ties" title=" China-Africa ties"> China-Africa ties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20development" title=" socio-economic development"> socio-economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accountability" title=" accountability"> accountability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transparency" title=" transparency"> transparency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191009/sino-africa-trade-ties-the-curse-of-african-minerals-tweaking-the-corporate-scorecard-to-benefit-the-mining-village-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">29</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23911</span> The Role of Social Enterprise in Supporting Economic Development in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susan%20P.%20Teru">Susan P. Teru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jerome%20Nyameh"> Jerome Nyameh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many contemporary organizations are placing a greater emphasis on business enterprise systems as a means of generating higher levels of economic development. Many business research and literature has also concur that enterprise drive economic development, giving little or no credit to social enterprise, whose profit is reinvest to the community development compare to the business enterprise that share their profit to shareholders. Economic development includes economic policies that affect the beneficiaries of the economic entity. We suggest that producing social enterprise increments may be best achieved by orienting social enterprise entrepreneurs system to promote economic development. To this end, we describe a new approach to the social enterprise process that includes social entrepreneur and the key drivers of economic development at each stage. We present a model of social enterprise that incorporates the main ideas of the paper and suggests a new perspective for thinking about how to foster and manage social enterprise to achieve high levels of economic development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20enterprise" title="social enterprise">social enterprise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20and%20management" title=" business and management"> business and management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19763/the-role-of-social-enterprise-in-supporting-economic-development-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23910</span> Impact of Small and Medium Enterprises on Economic Development in the Gulf Cooperation Council: Quantitative Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanadi%20Al-Mubaraki">Hanadi Al-Mubaraki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Busler"> Michael Busler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Both in the developed and developing countries as well as Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) proven to be main drivers of jobs creation and tools to accelerate economic development and economic diversification. This paper seeks to investigate and identify the strengths and weakness of SME as a veritable tool in economic development. A survey method was used to gather data from 171 SME from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The research methodology uses a quantitative approach (survey) while data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analyzed with several descriptive statistics. The results of the study, therefore, will present sets of the strengths of SME in GCC such as 1) government supported local products (59%), 2) promoting SME local products rather than international products (47%), 3) reduce the legal and administrative procedures of SME establishment (46%) and weakness of SME in GCC such as: 1) lack of funding during the initial phase of the project (46%), 2) lack of liquidity during project continuity (39%), and 3) strong competition in the domestic and global market (38%). The study findings will be guidelines for academia and practitioners such as governments, policymakers, funded organizations, universities and strategic institutions for successful implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SME" title="SME">SME</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCC" title=" GCC"> GCC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengths%20and%20weaknesses" title=" strengths and weaknesses"> strengths and weaknesses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87814/impact-of-small-and-medium-enterprises-on-economic-development-in-the-gulf-cooperation-council-quantitative-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87814.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23909</span> The Types of Collaboration Models Driven by Public Art Establishment–Case Study of Taichung City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Lung%20Yu">Cheng-Lung Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-His%20Liao"> Ying-His Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some evidence show that public art accelerates local economic growth. Even local governments award the collaboration of public-private partnership to sustain the creation of public art for urban economic development. Through the public-private partnership of public art establishment it is obvious that public construction projects have been led by the governmental policy yet the private developers have played crucial roles to drive the innovative business models such as tourism investment, real estate value up and community participation. This study shows that the types of collaboration have been driven by Taichung city governmental policy from the regulation of public art establishment in the past three years. Through some cases empirical analyzes the authors discover the trends concerning the public art development to support local economic growth in Taiwan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art" title="public art">public art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20art%20establishment%20regulation" title=" public art establishment regulation"> public art establishment regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20management" title=" construction management"> construction management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20governance" title=" urban governance"> urban governance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188431/the-types-of-collaboration-models-driven-by-public-art-establishment-case-study-of-taichung-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">33</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23908</span> Fostering Involvement of Local Inhabitants in Participatory Governance of Cultural Patrimony in Cameroon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asah%20Nelson%20Asoh">Asah Nelson Asoh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wanie%20Clarkson%20Mvo"> Wanie Clarkson Mvo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given the diverse nature of cultural diversity in Cameroon from the forested south to the sudano-sahelian north regions, Cameroon is aptly described as 'Africa in Miniature', which simply means all of Africa in a single country-Cameroon. Cameroon possesses all that can be attractive to the eyes in Africa. Yet, there is a microscopic involvement of the local inhabitants in participatory governance of cultural patrimony for tourism and community-based socio-economic development, which greatly jeopardizes conservation endeavors because the community fails to trust governing authorities. This study delves into the ways through which local inhabitants could be indulged in participatory governance of cultural patrimony for tourism and community-based socio-economic development. The study adopts a qualitative research design and semi-structured interviews with experts in the collection of primary data blended with secondary materials from published sources, including textbooks, scientific journal articles, dissertations, reports, and internet websites. The collected data was presented and analysed using descriptive statistical techniques, photographic illustrations, and through intuition. The study fosters the ways through which local inhabitants could be indulged in participatory governance of cultural patrimony for tourism and community-based socio-economic development. This is to ensure community support for the conservation of tourism cultural patrimony in Cameroon in particular and the world at large. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participatory%20governance" title="participatory governance">participatory governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20patrimony" title=" cultural patrimony"> cultural patrimony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20development" title=" socio-economic development"> socio-economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cameroon" title=" Cameroon"> Cameroon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129553/fostering-involvement-of-local-inhabitants-in-participatory-governance-of-cultural-patrimony-in-cameroon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23907</span> The Relationship between Democracy, Freedom and Economic Development </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Karakaya">Ugur Karakaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Bulent%20Kantarc%C4%B1"> Hasan Bulent Kantarcı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, firstly democratic thoughts which directly or indirectly affect economic development and/or the interaction between authoritarian regimes and the economic development and the direction and channels of this interaction were studied and then the study tried to determine how democracy affects economic development. It was concluded that the positive contributions of democracy to economic development were more determinant than the effects that were either negative or restrictive in terms of development. When compared to autocracy, since democracy is more successful in managing social conflicts, ensuring political stability and preventing social disasters such as famine, it contributes more to economic development. Democracy also facilitates delegation of authority, provides a stable investment environment and accelerates mobilization of resources in accordance with economic growth/development. Democracy leads to an increase in human capital accumulation and increases the growth rate through reducing income inequality. It can be said that democratic regimes are the most appropriate ones in terms of increasing economic performance and supporting economic development through their strong institutional structures and the assurance they will ensure in property rights. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title="democracy">democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20freedom" title=" economic freedom"> economic freedom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autocratic%20regime" title=" autocratic regime"> autocratic regime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29461/the-relationship-between-democracy-freedom-and-economic-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23906</span> Impact of Financial System’s Development on Economic Development: An Empirical Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vilma%20Deltuvait%C4%97">Vilma Deltuvaitė</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Comparisons of financial development across countries are central to answering many of the questions on factors leading to economic development. For this reason this study analyzes the implications of financial system’s development on country’s economic development. The aim of the article: to analyze the impact of financial system’s development on economic development. The following research methods were used: systemic, logical and comparative analysis of scientific literature, analysis of statistical data, time series model (Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model). The empirical results suggest about positive short and long term effect of stock market development on GDP per capita. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20sector" title="banking sector">banking sector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20system%E2%80%99s%20development" title=" financial system’s development"> financial system’s development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20market" title=" stock market"> stock market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20bond%20market" title=" private bond market"> private bond market</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16043/impact-of-financial-systems-development-on-economic-development-an-empirical-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23905</span> Technical and Economic Environment in the Polish Power System as the Basis for Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy Sources Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawel%20Sowa">Pawel Sowa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joachim%20Bargiel"> Joachim Bargiel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bogdan%20Mol"> Bogdan Mol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Luszcz"> Katarzyna Luszcz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article raises the issue of the development of local renewable energy sources and the production of distributed energy in context of improving the reliability of the Polish Power System and the beneficial impact on local and national energy security. The paper refers to the current problems of local governments in the process of investment in the area of distributed energy projects, and discusses the issues of the future role and cooperation within the local power plants and distributed energy. Attention is paid to the local communities the chance to raise their own resources and management of energy fuels (biomass, wind, gas mining) and improving the local energy balance. The material presented takes the issue of the development of the energy potential of municipalities and future cooperation with professional energy. As an example, practical solutions used in one of the communes in Silesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title="distributed generation">distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mini%20centers%20energy" title=" mini centers energy"> mini centers energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20sources" title=" renewable energy sources"> renewable energy sources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20of%20supply%20of%20rural%20commune" title=" reliability of supply of rural commune "> reliability of supply of rural commune </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24234/technical-and-economic-environment-in-the-polish-power-system-as-the-basis-for-distributed-generation-and-renewable-energy-sources-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">600</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23904</span> Deterministic Modelling to Estimate Economic Impact from Implementation and Management of Large Infrastructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dimitrios%20J.%20Dimitriou">Dimitrios J. Dimitriou </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is widely recognised that the assets portfolio development is helping to enhance economic growth, productivity and competitiveness. While numerous studies and reports certify the positive effect of investments in large infrastructure investments on the local economy, still, the methodology to estimate the contribution in economic development is a challenging issue for researchers and economists. The key question is how to estimate those economic impacts in each economic system. This paper provides a compact and applicable methodological framework providing quantitative results in terms of the overall jobs and income generated into the project life cycle. According to a deterministic mathematical approach, the key variables and the modelling framework are presented. The numerical case study highlights key results for a new motorway project in Greece, which is experienced economic stress for many years, providing the opportunity for comparisons with similar cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20modelling" title="quantitative modelling">quantitative modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20transport%20infrastructure" title=" large transport infrastructure"> large transport infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20assessment" title=" economic assessment"> economic assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80752/deterministic-modelling-to-estimate-economic-impact-from-implementation-and-management-of-large-infrastructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23903</span> Planning Urban Sprawl in Mining Areas in Africa: How to Ensure Coherent Development </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Rey">Pascal Rey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%C3%AFs%20Weber"> Anaïs Weber</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many mining projects are being developed in Africa the last decades. Due to the economic opportunities they offer, these projects result in a massive and rapid influx of migrants to the surrounding area. In areas where central government representation is low and local administration lack financial resources, urban development is often anarchical, beyond all public control. It leads to socio-spatial segregation, insecurity and the risk of social conflicts rising. Aware that their economic development is very correlated with local situation, mining companies get more and more involved in regional planning in setting up tools and Strategic Directions document. One of the commonly used tools in this regard is the “Influx Management Plan”. It consists in looking at the region’s absorption capacities in order to ensure its coherent development and by developing several urban centers than one macrocephalic city. It includes many other measures such as urban governance support, skills transfer, creation of strategic guidelines, financial support (local taxes, mining taxes, development funds etc.) local development projects. Through various examples of mining projects in Guinea, A country that is host to many large mining projects, we will look at the implications of regional and urban planning of which mining companies are key playor as well as public authorities. While their investment capacity offers advantages and accelerates development, their actions raise questions of the unilaterality of interests and local governance. By interfering in public affairs are mining companies not increasing the risk of central and local government shirking their responsibilities in terms of regional development, or even calling their legitimacy into question? Is such public-private collaboration really sustainable for the region as a whole and for all stakeholders? <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=guinea" title=" guinea"> guinea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mine" title=" mine"> mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning" title=" urban planning"> urban planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25669/planning-urban-sprawl-in-mining-areas-in-africa-how-to-ensure-coherent-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">498</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23902</span> Strategic Investment in Infrastructure Development to Facilitate Economic Growth in the United States</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arkaprabha%20Bhattacharyya">Arkaprabha Bhattacharyya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makarand%20Hastak"> Makarand Hastak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in terms of its global reach and economic impacts. Historically, investment in infrastructure development projects has been touted to boost the economic growth of a nation. The State and Local governments responsible for delivering infrastructure assets work under tight budgets. Therefore, it is important to understand which infrastructure projects have the highest potential of boosting economic growth in the post-pandemic era. This paper presents relationships between infrastructure projects and economic growth. Statistical relationships between investment in different types of infrastructure projects (transit, water and wastewater, highways, power, manufacturing etc.) and indicators of economic growth are presented using historic data between 2002 and 2020 from the U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). The outcome of the paper is the comparison of statistical correlations between investment in different types of infrastructure projects and indicators of economic growth. The comparison of the statistical correlations is useful in ranking the types of infrastructure projects based on their ability to influence economic prosperity. Therefore, investment in the infrastructures with the higher rank will have a better chance of boosting the economic growth. Once, the ranks are derived, they can be used by the decision-makers in infrastructure investment related decision-making process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20development" title=" infrastructure development"> infrastructure development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20projects" title=" infrastructure projects"> infrastructure projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20investment" title=" strategic investment"> strategic investment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129316/strategic-investment-in-infrastructure-development-to-facilitate-economic-growth-in-the-united-states" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23901</span> Analyzing the Significance of Religion in Economic Development in East and Southeast Asia: Case Study of the City of Wenzhou in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenting%20Pan">Wenting Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fang%20Chen"> Fang Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim is to increase understanding of the potential effects of religion and economy development in East and Southeast Asia. Religion developed in the east, and southeast Asia is connected with community intensively, especially the activities by women. It could facilitate spiritual awakening in the community and economic empowerment. The theories were assessed by using survey information for Wenzhou which is the legendary city of Chinese economic development, measuring attendance at formal religious services, religious beliefs, and self-identification as religious. Wenzhou’s chamber of commerce is all over the world. Apart from large and small processing factories, Wenzhou is dotted with temples and Taoist temples. In the survey four of the control variables (size of temples, profitability, multiple densities, type of industry and so on) were significant issues to find a relationship between local people and the culture of local religion. What’s more, women should be taken into account seriously. This study has social economy implications for Wenzhou as well as a number of other countries in the East and Southeast Asia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=East%20and%20Southeast%20Asia" title="East and Southeast Asia">East and Southeast Asia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economy%20development" title=" economy development"> economy development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Religion" title=" Religion"> Religion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenzhou" title=" Wenzhou"> Wenzhou</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64063/analyzing-the-significance-of-religion-in-economic-development-in-east-and-southeast-asia-case-study-of-the-city-of-wenzhou-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23900</span> EU Innovative Economic Priorities, Contemporary Problems and Challenges of Its Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gechbaia%20Badri">Gechbaia Badri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper discusses in today's world of economic globalization and development of innovative economic integration is one of the issues of the day in the world. The article analyzes the innovation economy development trends in EU, showed the innovation economy formation of the main problems and results, also the development of innovative potential of the economy. The author reckons that the European economy will contribute to the development of innovative economic space of speech in recent years developed a financial and economic crisis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European%20Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20system" title=" innovative system"> innovative system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20development" title=" innovative development"> innovative development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovations" title=" innovations"> innovations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56969/eu-innovative-economic-priorities-contemporary-problems-and-challenges-of-its-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56969.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23899</span> The Environmental and Socio Economic Impacts of Mining on Local Livelihood in Cameroon: A Case Study in Bertoua</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fongang%20Robert%20Tichuck">Fongang Robert Tichuck</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper reports the findings of a study undertaken to assess the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in Bertoua Eastern Region of Cameroon. In addition to sampling community perceptions of mining activities, the study prescribes interventions that can assist in mitigating the negative impacts of mining. Marked environmental and interrelated socio-economic improvements can be achieved within regional artisanal gold mines if the government provides technical support to local operators, regulations are improved, and illegal mining activity is reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%20mining" title="gold mining">gold mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic" title=" socio-economic"> socio-economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20activities" title=" mining activities"> mining activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20people" title=" local people"> local people</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42339/the-environmental-and-socio-economic-impacts-of-mining-on-local-livelihood-in-cameroon-a-case-study-in-bertoua" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23898</span> Sustainable Development as a Part of Development and Foreign Trade in Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadife%20G%C3%BCng%C3%B6r">Sadife Güngör</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevilay%20Konya"> Sevilay Konya </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable development is an economic development scope which covers the economic growth included environmental factors. With the help of economic development, the needs of the future generations are going to be met the needs. As it is aimed the environmental conscious, sustainable development focuses on decreasing the damage of natural sources. From this point of view, while sustainable development is environmentally conscious, it also improving the life standards of individuals. The relationship between development and foreign trade on sustainable development is theoretically searched in this study. In the second part, sustainable development at world and EU is searched and in the last part, the sustainability of trade and development in Turkey is stated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title="development">development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20trade" title=" foreign trade"> foreign trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey"> Turkey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18256/sustainable-development-as-a-part-of-development-and-foreign-trade-in-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23897</span> Assessing the Impact of Decentralization on Governance and Development in Malawi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Chumbu">Vincent Chumbu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examines the impact of decentralization on development and government in Malawi. Decentralization has been a key element in Malawi's attempts to alter its political system since the early 1990s. This study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to look into how well devolution promotes local development, improves service delivery, and supports effective governance. The findings suggest that while devolution has resulted in particular improvements in local government or service provision, significant challenges persist. Limited financial decentralization, inadequate local competency, and governmental meddling in local decision-making processes are some of these difficulties. The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening Malawi's decentralization initiatives to better promote good governance and sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development" title=" development"> development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malawi" title=" malawi"> malawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20government" title=" local government"> local government</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183321/assessing-the-impact-of-decentralization-on-governance-and-development-in-malawi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23896</span> The Evaluation of Event Sport Tourism on Regional Economic Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huei-Wen%20Lin">Huei-Wen Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huei-Fu%20Lu"> Huei-Fu Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Event sport tourism (EST) has become an especially important economic sector around the world. As the magnitude continues to grow, attracting more tourists, media, and investment for the host community, and many local areas/regions and states have identified the expenditures by visitors as a potential source of economic or employment growth. The main purposes of this study are to investigate stakeholders’ insights into the feature of hosting EST and using them as a regional development strategy. Continuing the focus of previous literature on the regional development and economic benefits by hosting EST, a total of fıve semi-structured interview questions are designed and a thematic analysis is employed to conduct with eight key sport and tourism decision makers in Atlanta during July to August 2016. Through the depth interviews, the study will contribute to a better understanding of stakeholders’ decision-making, identifying benefits and constraints as well as leveraging the impacts of hosting EST. These findings have provided stakeholders’ perspectives of hosting EST and using them as a reference of regional development in emerging sport tourism markets in the US. Additionally, this study examines key considerations and issues that affect and are critical to reliable understanding of the economic impacts of hosting EST on the regional development, and it will be able to benefit future management authorities (i.e. governments and communities) in their sport tourism development endeavors in defining and hosting successful EST. Furthermore, the insights gained from the qualitative analysis could help other cities/regions analyzing the economic impacts of hosting EST and using it as an instrument of city development strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impacts" title="economic impacts">economic impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=event%20sport%20tourism" title=" event sport tourism"> event sport tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20economic%20development" title=" regional economic development"> regional economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20analysis" title=" longitudinal analysis"> longitudinal analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55724/the-evaluation-of-event-sport-tourism-on-regional-economic-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55724.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23895</span> Should Local Governments Expect Benefits from Special Economic Zones: The Case of Poland </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rados%C5%82aw%20Pastusiak">Radosław Pastusiak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Ka%C5%BAmierska"> Anna Kaźmierska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Jasiniak"> Magdalena Jasiniak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) has been analyzed for many years by researchers. There are lot of theoretical studies proving the SEZs importance for regional development, however, there is lack of empirical studies (and they are mainly focused on China market) that are based on available data. The theoretical studies indicate the various impacts of enterprises operating within SEZs on the economy. The article proves that, in case of Poland, locating SEZs in municipalities is an important part of increasing municipalities’ income. Therefore SEZs have a positive impact on regional development. Municipality income is understood as taxes paid by taxpayers who depend on SEZ companies’ performance. The analysis includes the Corporate Income Tax (CIT), Personal Income Tax (PIT) and real estate tax. The effects of SEZs on regional development were narrowed to a few variables that are most significant for the financial system. The analysis indicates the significant impact of SEZs on the amount of taxes influencing the municipality budget. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20economic%20zone" title="special economic zone">special economic zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20finance" title=" local finance"> local finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20finance" title=" municipal finance"> municipal finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government" title=" government "> government </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21300/should-local-governments-expect-benefits-from-special-economic-zones-the-case-of-poland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21300.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23894</span> The Development of Small and Medium Enterprise Entrepreneurs’ Potential Based on Sufficiency Economics Philosophy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luedech%20Girdwichai">Luedech Girdwichai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Witthaya%20Mekhum"> Witthaya Mekhum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research analyses the factors affecting the success and develops a guideline for self- reliance planning of the entrepreneurs for effective implementation. Samples in this study included 42 awarded winners from the 2nd Sufficiency Economics Philosophy (SEP) National Contest arranged by Office of the Royal Development Projects Board. The results revealed 4 main factors affecting the success as follows: 1) there is a need to encourage unity and cooperation in the enterprise in conducting development plan. 2) The entrepreneur must be a knowledge seeker and lead by example on SEP life. 3) The entrepreneur must be able to apply traditional local wisdom with his present experience and knowledge in defining product identity. 4) The entrepreneur should provide career training for the staffs to develop their competencies. The guideline for self-reliance planning consisted of 4 aspects: 1) Human resource development: the enterprise should develop its staffs especially on integrity, honesty, and public minded. 2) Local community development: there should be a clear target for the local community development. 3) Local community economic development: by encouraging additional incomes through experience sharing. 4) Enterprise development planning: by arranging monthly meeting to conduct the development plan including analysing problems and synthesizing data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20development" title="potential development">potential development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SME%20entrepreneurs" title=" SME entrepreneurs"> SME entrepreneurs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufficiency%20economics%20philosophy" title=" sufficiency economics philosophy"> sufficiency economics philosophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4820/the-development-of-small-and-medium-enterprise-entrepreneurs-potential-based-on-sufficiency-economics-philosophy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23893</span> Local Identities to Global in the Centre of Isan, Thailand: Promoting Local Development and Community Participation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thammanoon%20Raveepong">Thammanoon Raveepong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Wheway"> Craig Wheway</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Originating from a multifaceted research project beginning with the opening of the Green Market at Ban Laow sub-district, Kosum Phisai, Mahasarakham with the support of Kosum Phisai Governor. The project involves key stakeholders related to villagers who have become involved with linking local identity to a more global identity to help ameliorate falling agricultural incomes and casualised work. There have been fifteen formal meetings involving local government stakeholders that took place at the local university, local schools, a public meeting at Ban-Don-Toom and Village meeting shelters. These events hosted 176 local stakeholders consisting of the District Governor, 7 Chairpersons/Heads of the District Development Council, a Health Promotion group, District retired government staff, 4 sub-district local government members, the City Development Council, 2 representatives from Mahasarakham Provincial Culture Council, 4 principles of all local schools, 11 village heads, 15 scholars form local and national universities, 132 villagers and 4 staff from public relation units. The goal of the project was to initiate a variety of local projects including promotion of Local healthy food, farm/homestay accommodation, local uniqueness, Travel guides (in book form and guide youths) and the proposed development of community tourism with the aim to utilise local people and activities to tap into the growing alternative tourism market. This paper aims to document the progress thus far, and the challenges presented working with local communities that have lacked expertise in linking to the global economy to derive economic benefits for their communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Community-based%20tourism" title="Community-based tourism">Community-based tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20participation" title=" community participation"> community participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20identity" title=" local identity"> local identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mahasarakham%20province" title=" mahasarakham province"> mahasarakham province</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73691/local-identities-to-global-in-the-centre-of-isan-thailand-promoting-local-development-and-community-participation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23892</span> Effect of Rural Entrepreneurship in Rural Development in Nigeria: A Study of Selected Entrepreneurs in Ikwuano Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifeanyi%20Charles%20Otuokere">Ifeanyi Charles Otuokere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victoria%20Nneoma%20Nnochiri"> Victoria Nneoma Nnochiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurship generally and specifically within the rural communities in Nigeria is a fast means of bringing development within the communities. This is made possible by utmost maximization and management of available local resources to develop rural areas through good management of these local resources. This study anchors on the rural development paradigm and the integrated rural development theories to understudy the knowledge of rural entrepreneurs on rural economic development. The research study made use of surveys and descriptive analysis. The assessable population for the study, which was randomly selected, is 100 rural entrepreneurs from ten rural communities within the Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State. The study made use of both primary and secondary as a source of data collection with much emphasis on a primary source, although secondary data such as journals, textbooks electronic sources were also utilised. A carefully structured questionnaire drafted to extract raw data was administered to selected entrepreneurs. The findings of the study showed that developments within rural communities can only be achieved through rural entrepreneurship. This is evidenced in increased output, job creation, and most importantly, reduction of rural to urban migration, among other things. Recommendations were also made based on these findings; the researchers recommended that infrastructural developments should be made available in the rural communities and government policies should create enabling environments along with other assistance to help these rural entrepreneurs achieve their sole aim. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20developments" title="economic developments">economic developments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20communities" title=" rural communities"> rural communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20development" title=" rural development"> rural development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20entrepreneurship" title=" rural entrepreneurship"> rural entrepreneurship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138306/effect-of-rural-entrepreneurship-in-rural-development-in-nigeria-a-study-of-selected-entrepreneurs-in-ikwuano-local-government-area-abia-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23891</span> Development of Policy and Planning Processes Towards a Comprehensive Tourism Plan, Community Participation: The Case of Cameroon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruth%20Yunji%20Nange">Ruth Yunji Nange</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tourism has continued to increase as a significant industry, enhancing economic growth and development in Cameroon; due to the tremendous success of this industry, community participation (CP) has enhanced tourism development (TD). While gaining augmented attractiveness, considering how local CP is encouraged in such initiatives has become imperative. It has become essential to examine the importance of CP in the development of policies and planning processes for the equitable distribution of benefits and the effects of TD in the country. This study will exactly explore the cases of CP in the most populated cities in Cameroon (Douala and Yaoundé) and also understand how local CP is incorporated into tourism to enhance development in the tourism industry in particular and Cameroon in general. This paper is based on a qualitative research method, semi-structured interviews, and in-depth, face-to-face interviews carried out with the top administrators of tourism, both in the public and private sectors, such as the minister, provincial and regional delegates of tourism, non-governmental organizations (NGO), leaders of local community associations and tour operators. The forms and surveys were open-ended with a high level of flexibility. The findings of this study will pose implications for the development of CP in tourism initiatives programs in Cameroon and other developing economies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20community" title=" local community"> local community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation%20and%20planning" title=" participation and planning"> participation and planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160242/development-of-policy-and-planning-processes-towards-a-comprehensive-tourism-plan-community-participation-the-case-of-cameroon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160242.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23890</span> Local Investment Climate and the Role of (Sustainable) FDI: The Case Of Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vakhtang%20Charaia">Vakhtang Charaia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article focuses on the role of FDI in Georgia’s economic development for the last decade. To attract as much FDI as possible a proper investment climate should be on the place-institutional, policy and regulatory environment. Well-developed investment climate is the chance and motivation for both, local economy and foreign companies, to generate maximum income, create new work places and improve the quality of life. FDI trend is one of the best indicators of country’s economic sustainability and its attractiveness. Especially for small and developing countries, the amount of FDI matters, therefore, most of such countries are trying to compete with each other through improving their investment climate according to different world famous indexes. As a result of impressive reforms since 2003, Georgian economy was benefited with large invasion of FDI. However, the level of per capita GDP is still law in comparison to Eastern European countries and it should be improved. The main idea of the paper is to show a real linkage between FDI and employment ration, on the case of Georgian economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20direct%20investment" title="foreign direct investment">foreign direct investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employment" title=" employment"> employment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxes" title=" taxes"> taxes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corruption" title=" corruption"> corruption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title=" sustainable development"> sustainable development</a> </p> <a 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