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How to Calibrate and Validate Elastic Modulus Measurements
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Follow these steps to calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements."> <meta property="og:title" content="How do you calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements?"> <meta property="og:description" content="Learn how to measure the stiffness and resistance of materials using different methods and techniques. Follow these steps to calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5612AQEK0oSR9-DdjA/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1674658817364?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=8vin3RK_BtDqMUo7rDLrfe8CW0k9S0EVzg-v6t5gVDo"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/how-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@LinkedInEditors"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="How do you calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements?"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Learn how to measure the stiffness and resistance of materials using different methods and techniques. Follow these steps to calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5612AQEK0oSR9-DdjA/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1674658817364?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=8vin3RK_BtDqMUo7rDLrfe8CW0k9S0EVzg-v6t5gVDo"> <meta name="appId"> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by"> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Mechanical Testing"> <!----> <meta name="clientSideIngraphs" content="1" data-gauge-metric-endpoint="/advice/api/ingraphs/gauge" data-counter-metric-endpoint="/advice/api/ingraphs/counter"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Learn how to measure the stiffness and resistance of materials using different methods and techniques. Follow these steps to calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements.","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/how-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus","publisher":"www.linkedin.com","name":"How do you calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements?","commentCount":2,"interactionStatistic":[{"interactionType":"http://schema.org/LikeAction","userInteractionCount":1,"@type":"InteractionCounter"},{"interactionType":"http://schema.org/CommentAction","userInteractionCount":2,"@type":"InteractionCounter"}],"datePublished":"2023-04-03T18:25:08.000+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/how-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus","isAccessibleForFree":true,"image":{"url":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5612AQEK0oSR9-DdjA/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280/0/1674658817364?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=8vin3RK_BtDqMUo7rDLrfe8CW0k9S0EVzg-v6t5gVDo","@type":"ImageObject"},"sourceOrganization":"www.linkedin.com","dateModified":"2024-01-25T16:40:33.538+00:00","contributor":[{"@type":"Person","url":"https://my.linkedin.com/in/syedfadzil","name":"Syed Fadzil Syed Mohamed","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQHgXZLUvRdJ7g/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1662550153023?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DfAbDQNTmrKp6YlrisNJcUViRQ_WKcgoedf-CQlLa4M","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}},{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/varunvpushpa","name":"Varun Pushpa","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQHfZDPGWS1R4w/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1706326832201?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Z1eDCAmP2lKhvU6T84ZSj_ZvuuuTDe1fjmiMcw8w88s","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}],"comment":[{"@type":"Comment","text":"When determining elastic modulus, the test method must be appropriate for the material's properties and study objectives, as well as the equipment available. To test procedure accuracy across expected modulus values, start with standard samples. Then put real-world specimens to the test. Minor faults or non-uniformity within a sample can skew results, therefore prepare test pieces meticulously. To reduce the impact of variability, replicate measurements over multiple uniform samples. If your equipment allows it, compare multiple approaches such as tensile, compressive, and dynamic testing. Keep careful notes to detect method flaws if values depart from expected moduli.","upVoteCount":1,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://my.linkedin.com/in/syedfadzil","name":"Syed Fadzil Syed Mohamed","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C5603AQHgXZLUvRdJ7g/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1662550153023?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DfAbDQNTmrKp6YlrisNJcUViRQ_WKcgoedf-CQlLa4M","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}},{"@type":"Comment","text":"Use known materials with well-established elastic modulus values as calibration standards. These materials should have properties similar to the samples you'll be testing.\nCalibrate the testing instrument regularly using the calibration standards. This ensures that the instrument is providing accurate and reliable measurements.\nImplement regular quality control checks to verify the accuracy and precision of the measurements. This may involve testing reference samples periodically to ensure that the instrument is functioning within acceptable tolerances.\nCompare your measured elastic modulus values with published data for similar materials. This can provide additional validation and confidence in your measurements.","upVoteCount":0,"author":{"@type":"Person","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/varunvpushpa","name":"Varun Pushpa","image":"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E03AQHfZDPGWS1R4w/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/profile-displayphoto-shrink_400_400/0/1706326832201?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=Z1eDCAmP2lKhvU6T84ZSj_ZvuuuTDe1fjmiMcw8w88s","interactionStatistic":{"@type":"InteractionCounter","interactionType":"https://schema.org/FollowAction","name":"Followers","userInteractionCount":0}}}]} </script> <!----> </head> <body dir="ltr"> <!----><!----><!----> <div class="guest-upsells"> <form class="google-auth base-google-auth" action="https://www.linkedin.com/uas/login-submit" method="post"> <input name="loginCsrfParam" value="bbdca4e4-2d62-41cc-88fc-291a19f28d94" type="hidden"> <input name="session_redirect" value="https://www.linkedin.com/advice/1/how-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus" type="hidden"> 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class="breadcrumbs "> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text-low-emphasis" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/home/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-normal" itemprop="name">All</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumb inline-block mr-0.5 font-sans text-sm babybear:text-xs text-color-text after:content-['/'] after:text-color-text-low-emphasis after:ml-0.5 after:no-underline last:mr-0 last:after:hidden"> <a aria-current="page" itemprop="item" class="breadcrumb__link inline-block link-no-visited-state !text-color-text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/topics/mechanical-testing-s8493/" data-tracking-control-name="breadcrumb" data-tracking-will-navigate> <span class="font-semibold" itemprop="name">Mechanical Testing</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> </ol> </section> <h1 class="pulse-title text-display-md text-color-text lg:text-display-lg font-bold w-11/12 ">How do you calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements?</h1> <!----> <div class="powered-by-ai py-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary">Powered by AI and the LinkedIn community</div> <section class="table-of-content pb-6"> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="choose-a-suitable-method"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">1</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#choose-a-suitable-method" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Choose a suitable method </a> <!----> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="prepare-your-specimens"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">2</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#prepare-your-specimens" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Prepare your specimens </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="calibrate-your-equipment"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">3</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#calibrate-your-equipment" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Calibrate your equipment </a> <!----> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="perform-your-tests"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">4</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#perform-your-tests" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Perform your tests </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="analyze-your-data"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">5</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#analyze-your-data" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Analyze your data </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="validate-your-results"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">6</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#validate-your-results" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Validate your results </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> <div class="group menu-item relative flex cursor-pointer flex-row justify-start border-0 pl-0" data-chunk-header-id="here’s-what-else-to-consider"> <h3 class="text-color-text group-hover:text-color-text-brand">7</h3> <div class="ml-2 mr-6 mt-0.5 min-w-[75%]"> <a class="fragmented-links font-normal !text-color-text underline decoration-1 underline-offset-4 group-hover:!text-color-text-brand" href="#here’s-what-else-to-consider" data-tracking-will-navigate data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article__toc-article-segment-navigation">Here’s what else to consider </a> <p class="inline-promotion-text mt-0.5 text-xs font-normal text-color-text-low-emphasis">Be the first to add your personal experience</p> </div> <icon class="invisible absolute right-2 top-1/2 flex -translate-y-2/4 items-center justify-between rounded-full border-1 border-solid border-color-container-brand p-1 group-hover:visible" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/6q8fxh9snmcwlh1wxg6fktwgf" data-svg-class-name="w-2 h-2 text-color-text-brand"></icon> </div> </section> <div class="x-article-introduction"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Elastic modulus is a key property of materials that measures their stiffness and resistance to deformation. It is often used in engineering design, quality control, and failure analysis. But how do you ensure that your elastic modulus measurements are accurate and reliable? In this article, we will explain how to calibrate and validate your elastic modulus measurements using different methods and techniques.</span><!----> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:w-1/2"> <code id="shouldExpandContributionBox" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__wrapper flex h-full flex-1 flex-col"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section h-full"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__article-experts"> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__title mt-2 pb-0.5 text-xl font-bold text-color-text"> Top experts in this article </div> <div class="x-featured-expert-section__subtitle pb-3 text-sm text-color-text-secondary"> Selected by the community from 2 contributions. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/help/linkedin/answer/a1652832" target="_blank" aria-label="Learn more about collaborative articles" 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font-semibold ">Report contribution</span> </a> <!----> <template id="comment-reported-card-template"> <p class="comment-reported-card bg-color-background-container p-2 text-sm font-medium text-color-text-secondary"> Thanks for letting us know! You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li> <!----><!----> </ul> <!----> </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"><!--"Link copied to clipboard"--></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"><!--"Copy failed, try again later."--></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"><!--"Copy to clipboard is unsupported."--></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">When determining elastic modulus, the test method must be appropriate for the material's properties and study objectives, as well as the equipment available. To test procedure accuracy across expected modulus values, start with standard samples. Then put real-world specimens to the test. Minor faults or non-uniformity within a sample can skew results, therefore prepare test pieces meticulously. To reduce the impact of variability, replicate measurements over multiple uniform samples. If your equipment allows it, compare multiple approaches such as tensile, compressive, and dynamic testing. 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data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106833858560)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106833858560_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="prepare-your-specimens" href="#prepare-your-specimens" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">2</span> <span class>Prepare your specimens</span><!----> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Before you perform any elastic modulus measurement, you need to prepare your specimens carefully. This means that you need to cut, polish, and clean your specimens according to the standard specifications for your method. You also need to measure and record the dimensions and mass of your specimens accurately. Any defects, irregularities, or variations in your specimens can affect your elastic modulus results.</span><!----> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 "> <!----> <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106833858560)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"><!--"article-ssr-frontend-x-article"--></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fhow-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106833858560_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> <!----></a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"125"--></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"1"--></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"750"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution added successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while adding your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution edited successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while editing your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"><!--"Try refreshing the page."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"><!--"10 characters."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"><!--"10/20 characters"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"><!--"It looks like you’ve already contributed a few times. 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This means that you need to check and adjust the settings and performance of your load cell, extensometer, strain gauge, or other devices that you use to measure the force and displacement of your specimens. You can use reference materials, calibration weights, or calibration blocks to verify the accuracy and repeatability of your equipment. 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You'll no longer see this contribution</p> </template> </li> <!----><!----> </ul> <!----> </div> </div> <code id="contributionCopyLink" style="display: none"><!--"Link copied to clipboard"--></code> <code id="contributionCopyFail" style="display: none"><!--"Copy failed, try again later."--></code> <code id="contributionCopyUnsupported" style="display: none"><!--"Copy to clipboard is unsupported."--></code> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__container left__border -mb-2 -mt-1 animate-show ml-0 pl-0 md:ml-[-41px] md:pl-[32px] pr-0 lg:ml-[-33px] lg:pl-[40px] lg:pr-1 pt-2 pb-4"> <div class="flex flex-col justify-between lg:flex-col"> <div class="flex items-center justify-between gap-1"> </div> </div> <div class="contribution__text-wrapper relative"> <p class="contribution__text mb-1 whitespace-pre-wrap pt-1 text-md leading-open text-color-text md:mb-0 md:pt-0 line-clamp-5 lg:text-lg" data-tracking-control-name="comment_text">Use known materials with well-established elastic modulus values as calibration standards. These materials should have properties similar to the samples you'll be testing. Calibrate the testing instrument regularly using the calibration standards. This ensures that the instrument is providing accurate and reliable measurements. Implement regular quality control checks to verify the accuracy and precision of the measurements. This may involve testing reference samples periodically to ensure that the instrument is functioning within acceptable tolerances. Compare your measured elastic modulus values with published data for similar materials. 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id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106846453760_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="perform-your-tests" href="#perform-your-tests" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">4</span> <span class>Perform your tests</span><!----> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Once you have prepared your specimens and calibrated your equipment, you can perform your elastic modulus tests. You should follow the standard procedures and protocols for your chosen method, such as applying the load rate, controlling the temperature and humidity, and recording the data. You should also perform multiple tests on different specimens to obtain an average value and a standard deviation for your elastic modulus.</span><!----> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 "> <!----> <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106846453760)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"><!--"article-ssr-frontend-x-article"--></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fhow-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106846453760_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> <!----></a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"125"--></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"1"--></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"750"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution added successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while adding your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution edited successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while editing your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"><!--"Try refreshing the page."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"><!--"10 characters."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"><!--"10/20 characters"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"><!--"It looks like you’ve already contributed a few times. To ensure diverse perspectives, we limit contributions."--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"><!--"Check out other articles"--></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - One time at work… - In my experience… - One thing I’ve found helpful…" rows="4" data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106846453760)" aria-errormessage="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106846453760)" data-feed-control="comment_box" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionBox"></textarea> <div class="contribution-action-bar flex w-full items-center pt-2"> <span class="contribution-helper-text grow text-left text-xs text-color-text-secondary lg:text-sm" role="alert"> <span class="contribution-character-count"></span> <span class="contribution-error-message hidden text-color-signal-negative" id="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106846453760)"> Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.) </span> </span> <button class="contribution-cancel-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-tertiary mr-1 transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="cancel_contribution"> Cancel </button> <button disabled="true" aria-disabled="true" class="submit-contribution-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-primary transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="comment_post" data-feed-control="comment_post" data-feed-action-category="COMMENT" data-feed-action-type="submitContribution"> <div class="loader flex"> <div class="loader__container mb-2 overflow-hidden"> <icon class="loader__icon inline-block loader__icon--default text-color-progress-loading" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ddi43qwelxeqjxdd45pe3fvs1" data-svg-class-name="loader__icon-svg--x-small fill-currentColor h-[20px] min-h-[20px] w-[20px] min-w-[20px]"></icon> </div> </div> <span class="submit-contribution-button-text">Add</span> <span class="save-contribution-changes-button-text">Save</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="contribution-list contribution-list-guest"> <!----> </ul> <!----> </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"><!--"https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fhow-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus"--></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106850635777)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106850635777_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="analyze-your-data" href="#analyze-your-data" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">5</span> <span class>Analyze your data</span><!----> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>After you have completed your tests, you need to analyze your data to calculate your elastic modulus. Depending on your method, you may need to use different formulas or software to derive your elastic modulus from the force-displacement curve, the stress-strain curve, or the frequency-response curve. You should also check for any outliers, errors, or anomalies in your data that may indicate a faulty measurement or a defective specimen.</span><!----> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 "> <!----> <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106850635777)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"><!--"article-ssr-frontend-x-article"--></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fhow-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106850635777_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> <!----></a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"125"--></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"1"--></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"750"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution added successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while adding your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution edited successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while editing your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"><!--"Try refreshing the page."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"><!--"10 characters."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"><!--"10/20 characters"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"><!--"It looks like you’ve already contributed a few times. To ensure diverse perspectives, we limit contributions."--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error_suggestion" style="display: none"><!--"Check out other articles"--></code> <div class="contribution-text-area-border ease-linear duration-300 mb-2 rounded-md border-1 border-solid border-[var(--color-input-container-border)] p-2 transition-all focus-within:shadow-border hover:shadow-border active:shadow-border-active md:px-3"> <textarea class="contribution-text-area leading-normal placeholder:text-color-input-hint box-border w-full resize-none border-0 bg-color-transparent p-0 text-md leading-open tracking-wide text-color-text outline-none placeholder:text-color-text-disabled lg:text-lg" placeholder="Some ways to get started: - One time at work… - In my experience… - One thing I’ve found helpful…" rows="4" data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106850635777)" aria-errormessage="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106850635777)" data-feed-control="comment_box" data-feed-action-category="EXPAND" data-feed-action-type="expandContributionBox"></textarea> <div class="contribution-action-bar flex w-full items-center pt-2"> <span class="contribution-helper-text grow text-left text-xs text-color-text-secondary lg:text-sm" role="alert"> <span class="contribution-character-count"></span> <span class="contribution-error-message hidden text-color-signal-negative" id="error-urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106850635777)"> Help others by sharing more (125 characters min.) </span> </span> <button class="contribution-cancel-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-tertiary mr-1 transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="cancel_contribution"> Cancel </button> <button disabled="true" aria-disabled="true" class="submit-contribution-button ease-linear duration-300 btn-sm btn-primary transition-all lg:btn-md" data-tracking-control-name="comment_post" data-feed-control="comment_post" data-feed-action-category="COMMENT" data-feed-action-type="submitContribution"> <div class="loader flex"> <div class="loader__container mb-2 overflow-hidden"> <icon class="loader__icon inline-block loader__icon--default text-color-progress-loading" data-delayed-url="https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/ddi43qwelxeqjxdd45pe3fvs1" data-svg-class-name="loader__icon-svg--x-small fill-currentColor h-[20px] min-h-[20px] w-[20px] min-w-[20px]"></icon> </div> </div> <span class="submit-contribution-button-text">Add</span> <span class="save-contribution-changes-button-text">Save</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="contribution-list contribution-list-guest"> <!----> </ul> <!----> </div> </div> </div> <code id="loginUrl" style="display: none"><!--"https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fhow-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus"--></code> <div class="article-segment" data-is-logged-in="false" data-thread-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106854842368)" data-test-id="article-segment" data-total-count="0" data-tracking-prefix="article-ssr-frontend-x-article" role="presentation"> <div class="md:row pb-6 md:flex"> <div class="column-article-segment-content md:column md:mb-8 md:mr-4 md:w-1/2 md:flex-1 md:pr-[88px]"> <div class="md:pt-6 sticky-on-scroll"> <div class="article-segment-content-container "> <div id="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106854842368_"> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <h2 class="flex"> <a id="validate-your-results" href="#validate-your-results" class="dummy-anchor invisible absolute mt-[-100px]"></a> <span class="header-index pr-1.5">6</span> <span class>Validate your results</span><!----> </h2> </div> <div class="article-main__content" data-test-id="publishing-text-block"> <p> <span class>Finally, you need to validate your results to ensure that they are consistent and reliable. You can do this by comparing your results with the expected values or the literature values for your material. You can also use different methods or equipment to measure the same material and compare the results. If your results are within the acceptable range of variation or uncertainty, you can conclude that your elastic modulus measurements are calibrated and validated.</span><!----> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column-article-segment-contributions md:column md:pb-[200px] md:w-1/2"> <div class="article-segment-contributions-header-container bg-color-canvas-tint md:ml-[-12px] md:pt-6 lg:ml-0 sticky-on-scroll mt-1 "> <!----> <div class="add-your-perspective-section relative flex flex-row items-center " data-segment-urn="urn:li:articleSegment:(urn:li:linkedInArticle:7048722104489267200,7048722106854842368)" data-test-add-contribution> <code id="add_your_perspective_tracking_prefix" style="display: none"><!--"article-ssr-frontend-x-article"--></code> <code id="isGuest" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <code id="showFuseErrorMessage" style="display: none"><!--true--></code> <div class="mb-2"> <a class="add-your-perspective-button btn-sm flex flex-col items-start justify-center lg:btn-md bg-color-surface-accent-tint-1 hover:bg-color-container-tertiary-hover " href="https://www.linkedin.com/signup/cold-join?session_redirect=%2Fadvice%2F1%2Fhow-do-you-calibrate-validate-your-elastic-modulus&trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article" target="_self" data-tracking-control-name="add_contribution_cta" data-tracking-will-navigate data-test-link data-test-add-contribution-btn aria-describedby="content-urn_li_articleSegment__urn_li_linkedInArticle_7048722104489267200_7048722106854842368_" data-test-contribution-cta-link-guest role="button"> <div data-test-contribution-btn-text class="add-your-perspective-button-text text-left text-color-text-low-emphasis">Add your perspective</div> <!----></a> </div> <div class="contribution-text-area-wrapper relative w-full hidden"> <code id="min_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"125"--></code> <code id="min_reply_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"1"--></code> <code id="max_char_limit" style="display: none"><!--"750"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution added successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while adding your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_success" style="display: none"><!--"Contribution edited successfully"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_edit_post_error" style="display: none"><!--"Sorry, something went wrong while editing your contribution."--></code> <code id="i18n_try_refreshing_the_page" style="display: none"><!--"Try refreshing the page."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters" style="display: none"><!--"10 characters."--></code> <code id="i18n_characters_fraction" style="display: none"><!--"10/20 characters"--></code> <code id="i18n_contribution_post_rate_limit_error" style="display: none"><!--"It looks like you’ve already contributed a few times. 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data-tracking-will-navigate> Cookie Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/copyright-policy?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-copyright-policy" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-copyright-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Copyright Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://brand.linkedin.com/policies?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-brand-policy" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-brand-policy" data-tracking-will-navigate> Brand Policy </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/psettings/guest-controls?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-guest-controls" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-guest-controls" data-tracking-will-navigate> Guest Controls </a> </li> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <a class="li-footer__item-link flex items-center font-sans text-xs font-bold text-color-text-solid-secondary hover:text-color-link-hover focus:text-color-link-focus" href="https://www.linkedin.com/legal/professional-community-policies?trk=article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-community-guide" data-tracking-control-name="article-ssr-frontend-x-article_footer-community-guide" data-tracking-will-navigate> Community Guidelines </a> </li> <!----> <li class="li-footer__item font-sans text-xs text-color-text-solid-secondary flex flex-shrink-0 justify-start p-1 relative w-50% papabear:justify-center papabear:w-auto"> <div class="collapsible-dropdown collapsible-dropdown--footer collapsible-dropdown--up flex items-center relative hyphens-auto language-selector z-2"> <!----> <ul class="collapsible-dropdown__list hidden container-raised absolute w-auto overflow-y-auto flex-col items-stretch z-1 bottom-[100%] top-auto" role="menu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="العربية (Arabic)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ar_AE" data-locale="ar_AE" role="menuitem" lang="ar_AE"> العربية (Arabic) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="বাংলা (Bangla)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-bn_IN" data-locale="bn_IN" role="menuitem" lang="bn_IN"> বাংলা (Bangla) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Čeština (Czech)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-cs_CZ" data-locale="cs_CZ" role="menuitem" lang="cs_CZ"> Čeština (Czech) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Dansk (Danish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-da_DK" data-locale="da_DK" role="menuitem" lang="da_DK"> Dansk (Danish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Deutsch (German)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-de_DE" data-locale="de_DE" role="menuitem" lang="de_DE"> Deutsch (German) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Ελληνικά (Greek)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-el_GR" data-locale="el_GR" role="menuitem" lang="el_GR"> Ελληνικά (Greek) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="English (English) selected" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link--selected" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-en_US" data-locale="en_US" role="menuitem" lang="en_US"> <strong>English (English)</strong> </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Español (Spanish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-es_ES" data-locale="es_ES" role="menuitem" lang="es_ES"> Español (Spanish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="فارسی (Persian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fa_IR" data-locale="fa_IR" role="menuitem" lang="fa_IR"> فارسی (Persian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Suomi (Finnish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fi_FI" data-locale="fi_FI" role="menuitem" lang="fi_FI"> Suomi (Finnish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Français (French)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-fr_FR" data-locale="fr_FR" role="menuitem" lang="fr_FR"> Français (French) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="हिंदी (Hindi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hi_IN" data-locale="hi_IN" role="menuitem" lang="hi_IN"> हिंदी (Hindi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Magyar (Hungarian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-hu_HU" data-locale="hu_HU" role="menuitem" lang="hu_HU"> Magyar (Hungarian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-in_ID" data-locale="in_ID" role="menuitem" lang="in_ID"> Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Italiano (Italian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-it_IT" data-locale="it_IT" role="menuitem" lang="it_IT"> Italiano (Italian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="עברית (Hebrew)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-iw_IL" data-locale="iw_IL" role="menuitem" lang="iw_IL"> עברית (Hebrew) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="日本語 (Japanese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ja_JP" data-locale="ja_JP" role="menuitem" lang="ja_JP"> 日本語 (Japanese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="한국어 (Korean)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ko_KR" data-locale="ko_KR" role="menuitem" lang="ko_KR"> 한국어 (Korean) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="मराठी (Marathi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-mr_IN" data-locale="mr_IN" role="menuitem" lang="mr_IN"> मराठी (Marathi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Bahasa Malaysia (Malay)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ms_MY" data-locale="ms_MY" role="menuitem" lang="ms_MY"> Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Nederlands (Dutch)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-nl_NL" data-locale="nl_NL" role="menuitem" lang="nl_NL"> Nederlands (Dutch) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Norsk (Norwegian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-no_NO" data-locale="no_NO" role="menuitem" lang="no_NO"> Norsk (Norwegian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pa_IN" data-locale="pa_IN" role="menuitem" lang="pa_IN"> ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Polski (Polish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pl_PL" data-locale="pl_PL" role="menuitem" lang="pl_PL"> Polski (Polish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Português (Portuguese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-pt_BR" data-locale="pt_BR" role="menuitem" lang="pt_BR"> Português (Portuguese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Română (Romanian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ro_RO" data-locale="ro_RO" role="menuitem" lang="ro_RO"> Română (Romanian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Русский (Russian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-ru_RU" data-locale="ru_RU" role="menuitem" lang="ru_RU"> Русский (Russian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Svenska (Swedish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-sv_SE" data-locale="sv_SE" role="menuitem" lang="sv_SE"> Svenska (Swedish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="తెలుగు (Telugu)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-te_IN" data-locale="te_IN" role="menuitem" lang="te_IN"> తెలుగు (Telugu) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="ภาษาไทย (Thai)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-th_TH" data-locale="th_TH" role="menuitem" lang="th_TH"> ภาษาไทย (Thai) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Tagalog (Tagalog)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tl_PH" data-locale="tl_PH" role="menuitem" lang="tl_PH"> Tagalog (Tagalog) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Türkçe (Turkish)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-tr_TR" data-locale="tr_TR" role="menuitem" lang="tr_TR"> Türkçe (Turkish) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Українська (Ukrainian)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-uk_UA" data-locale="uk_UA" role="menuitem" lang="uk_UA"> Українська (Ukrainian) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese)" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-vi_VN" data-locale="vi_VN" role="menuitem" lang="vi_VN"> Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_CN" data-locale="zh_CN" role="menuitem" lang="zh_CN"> 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified)) </button> </li> <li class="language-selector__item" role="presentation"> <!-- Adding aria-label to both the li and the button because screen reader focus goes to button on desktop and li on mobile--> <button aria-label="正體中文 (Chinese (Traditional))" class="font-sans text-xs link block py-[5px] px-2 w-full hover:cursor-pointer hover:bg-color-action hover:text-color-text-on-dark focus:bg-color-action focus:text-color-text-on-dark language-selector__link !font-regular" data-tracking-control-name="language-selector-zh_TW" data-locale="zh_TW" 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