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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Musical_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Musical development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early activism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_Civil_War_songs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Civil_War_songs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spanish Civil War songs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Civil_War_songs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group_recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group_recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Group recordings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Group_recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Banjo_and_12-string_guitar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Banjo_and_12-string_guitar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Banjo and 12-string guitar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Banjo_and_12-string_guitar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interest_in_steelpan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interest_in_steelpan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Interest in steelpan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interest_in_steelpan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-McCarthy_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#McCarthy_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>McCarthy era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McCarthy_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_music_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_music_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Folk music revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_music_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pete_Seeger_and_Bob_Dylan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pete_Seeger_and_Bob_Dylan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Pete Seeger and Bob Dylan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pete_Seeger_and_Bob_Dylan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam_War_era_and_beyond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam_War_era_and_beyond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Vietnam War era and beyond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam_War_era_and_beyond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hudson_River_sloop_Clearwater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hudson_River_sloop_Clearwater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Hudson River sloop <i>Clearwater</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hudson_River_sloop_Clearwater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reflection_on_support_for_Soviet_communism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reflection_on_support_for_Soviet_communism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Reflection on support for Soviet communism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reflection_on_support_for_Soviet_communism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Later work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tributes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tributes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected discography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pete Seeger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="بيت سيغر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيت سيغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_Siger" title="Pit Siger – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pit Siger" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%B1" title="پیت سیقر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیت سیقر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="পিট সিগার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিট সিগার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Піт Сігер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піт Сігер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Пит Сийгър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пит Сийгър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="پیت سیگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیت سیگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84_%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82" title="𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍄 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍀𐌴𐌹𐍄 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%8A%B8_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B1%B0" title="피트 시거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피트 시거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="पीट सीगर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीट सीगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8" title="פיט סיגר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיט סיגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="პიტ სიგერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიტ სიგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Seeger" title="Petrus Seeger – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Seeger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%ABts_S%C4%ABgers" title="Pīts Sīgers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pīts Sīgers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Пит Сигер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пит Сигер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BC" title="പീറ്റ് സീഗർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീറ്റ് സീഗർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="بيت سيجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيت سيجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ピート・シーガー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピート・シーガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਪੀਟ ਸੀਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀਟ ਸੀਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Сигер, Пит – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сигер, Пит" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_Siger" title="Pit Siger – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pit Siger" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பீட் சீகர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பீட் சீகர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พีต ซีเกอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีต ซีเกอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%A1%D1%96%D2%91%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Піт Сіґер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піт Сіґер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC" title="皮特·西格 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="皮特·西格" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pete Seeger" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC" title="皮特西格 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="皮特西格" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC" title="皮特·西格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮特·西格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American folk singer and social activist (1919–2014)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Pete Seeger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seeger playing the banjo in 1955"><img alt="Seeger playing the banjo in 1955" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pete_Seeger_NYWTS.jpg/220px-Pete_Seeger_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pete_Seeger_NYWTS.jpg/330px-Pete_Seeger_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Pete_Seeger_NYWTS.jpg/440px-Pete_Seeger_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2177" data-file-height="2585" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Seeger playing the banjo in 1955</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Peter Seeger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1919-05-03</span>)</span>May 3, 1919<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 27, 2014<span style="display:none">(2014-01-27)</span> (aged 94)<br />New York City, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_folk_music" title="American folk music">American folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Protest music">protest music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Americana (music)">Americana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Musician</li><li>songwriter</li><li>social activist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Vocals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a></li> <li>guitar</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger_discography" title="Pete Seeger discography">Pete Seeger discography</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1939–2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folkways_Records" title="Folkways Records">Folkways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Records" title="Vanguard Records">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_Forecast" class="mw-redirect" title="Verve Forecast">Verve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Wonder" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Wonder">Sony Kids' Music</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Music Entertainment">SME</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouse</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Toshi_Seeger" title="Toshi Seeger">Toshi Aline Ohta</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1942–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Corporal_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporal (United States)">Corporal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Band" title="United States Army Band">United States Army Band</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Campaign_Medal" title="American Campaign Medal">American Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiatic%E2%80%93Pacific_Campaign_Medal" title="Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal">Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_Victory_Medal" title="World War II Victory Medal">World War II Victory Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger_signature_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pete_Seeger_signature_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Pete_Seeger_signature_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Pete_Seeger_signature_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="57" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Peter Seeger</b> (May 3, 1919 – January 27, 2014) was an American <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a> singer-songwriter, musician and social activist. He was a fixture on nationwide radio in the 1940s, and had a string of hit records in the early 1950s as a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a>, notably their recording of <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Goodnight,_Irene" title="Goodnight, Irene">Goodnight, Irene</a>," which topped the charts for 14 weeks in 1950. Members of the Weavers were <a href="/wiki/Blacklist" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacklist">blacklisted</a> during the <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthy Era</a>. In the 1960s, Seeger re-emerged on the public scene as a prominent singer of <a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">protest music</a> in support of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament" title="Nuclear disarmament">international disarmament</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers' rights">workers' rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">counterculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmental causes</a>, and ending the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. </p><p>Among the prolific songwriter's best-known songs are "<a href="/wiki/Where_Have_All_the_Flowers_Gone%3F" title="Where Have All the Flowers Gone?">Where Have All the Flowers Gone?</a>" (with additional lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hickerson" title="Joe Hickerson">Joe Hickerson</a>), "<a href="/wiki/If_I_Had_a_Hammer" title="If I Had a Hammer">If I Had a Hammer</a> (The Hammer Song)" (with <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hays" title="Lee Hays">Lee Hays</a> of the Weavers), "<a href="/wiki/Kisses_Sweeter_Than_Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisses Sweeter Than Wine">Kisses Sweeter Than Wine</a>" (also with Hays), and "<a href="/wiki/Turn!_Turn!_Turn!_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn! Turn! Turn! (song)">Turn! Turn! Turn!</a> (To Everything There Is a Season)", which has been recorded by many artists both in and outside the folk revival movement. "Flowers" was a hit recording for <a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">The Kingston Trio</a> (1962); <a href="/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich">Marlene Dietrich</a>, who recorded it in English, German and French (1962); and <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rivers" title="Johnny Rivers">Johnny Rivers</a> (1965). "If I Had a Hammer" was a hit for <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/Trini_Lopez" title="Trini Lopez">Trini Lopez</a> (1963) while <a href="/wiki/The_Byrds" title="The Byrds">The Byrds</a> had a number one hit with "Turn! Turn! Turn!" in 1965. </p><p>Seeger was one of the folk singers responsible for popularizing the <a href="/wiki/Spirituals" title="Spirituals">spiritual</a> "<a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">We Shall Overcome</a>" (also recorded by <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a> and many other singer-activists), which became the acknowledged anthem of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a>, soon after folk singer and activist <a href="/wiki/Guy_Carawan" title="Guy Carawan">Guy Carawan</a> introduced it at the founding meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee</a> (SNCC) in 1960. In the <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> <i><a href="/wiki/American_Masters" title="American Masters">American Masters</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger:_The_Power_of_Song" title="Pete Seeger: The Power of Song">Pete Seeger: The Power of Song</a>", Seeger said it was he who changed the lyric from the traditional "We will overcome" to the more singable "We shall overcome". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seeger was born on May 3, 1919, at <a href="/wiki/French_Hospital_(Manhattan)" title="French Hospital (Manhattan)">French Hospital</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family, which Seeger called "enormously Christian, in the <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> New England tradition",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> traced its genealogy back over 200 years. A paternal ancestor, Karl Ludwig Seeger, a physician from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a>, Germany, had emigrated to America during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and married into the old New England family of Parsons in the 1780s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeger's father, the <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>-trained composer and musicologist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Seeger" title="Charles Seeger">Charles Louis Seeger Jr.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pc1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> to American parents. Charles established the first musicology curriculum in the United States at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> in the 1910s.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also helped organize the <a href="/wiki/American_Musicological_Society" title="American Musicological Society">American Musicological Society</a> and was a key founder of the academic discipline of <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">ethnomusicology</a>. Peter's mother, Constance de Clyver Seeger (née Edson), raised in <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> and trained at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Conservatory_of_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Conservatory of Music">Paris Conservatory of Music</a>, was a concert violinist and later a teacher at the <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200820_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200820-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Professor_Charles_Louis_Seeger,_his_wife_Constance,_and_their_sons,_23_May_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Professor_Charles_Louis_Seeger%2C_his_wife_Constance%2C_and_their_sons%2C_23_May_1921.jpg/250px-Professor_Charles_Louis_Seeger%2C_his_wife_Constance%2C_and_their_sons%2C_23_May_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Professor_Charles_Louis_Seeger%2C_his_wife_Constance%2C_and_their_sons%2C_23_May_1921.jpg/330px-Professor_Charles_Louis_Seeger%2C_his_wife_Constance%2C_and_their_sons%2C_23_May_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Professor_Charles_Louis_Seeger%2C_his_wife_Constance%2C_and_their_sons%2C_23_May_1921.jpg/500px-Professor_Charles_Louis_Seeger%2C_his_wife_Constance%2C_and_their_sons%2C_23_May_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4621" data-file-height="3742" /></a><figcaption>Peter Seeger (on father's lap) with his father and mother, Charles and Constance Seeger and brothers on a camping trip (May 23, 1921)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1911, Charles was hired to establish the music department at UC Berkeley, but was forced to resign in 1918 because of his outspoken <a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">pacifism</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles and Constance moved back east, making their base of operations on the estate of Charles's parents in <a href="/wiki/Patterson,_New_York" title="Patterson, New York">Patterson, New York</a>, about 50 miles north of New York City. When Peter was eighteen months old, Charles and Constance set out with him and his two older brothers in a homemade trailer to bring musical uplift to the working people in the American South.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPescatello199283–85_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPescatello199283–85-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon their return, Constance taught violin and Charles taught composition at the New York <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Musical_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Musical Art">Institute of Musical Art</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard</a>), whose president, family friend <a href="/wiki/Frank_Damrosch" title="Frank Damrosch">Frank Damrosch</a>, was Constance's adoptive "uncle".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETick1997130_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETick1997130-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles also taught part-time at the <a href="/wiki/New_School_for_Social_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="New School for Social Research">New School for Social Research</a>. </p><p>At four, Peter was sent away to boarding school, but was brought home a year and a half later when his parents learned the school failed to inform them that he had contracted <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_fever" title="Scarlet fever">scarlet fever</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_article-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended first and second grades in <a href="/wiki/Nyack,_New_York" title="Nyack, New York">Nyack, New York</a> before being sent away to another boarding school in <a href="/wiki/Ridgefield,_Connecticut" title="Ridgefield, Connecticut">Ridgefield, Connecticut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200943_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200943-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Career and money tensions led to marital problems between Charles and Constance. When Charles discovered in 1927 that Constance had opened a secret bank account in her own name, he became enraged and a series of separations and temporary reconciliations ensued.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200832_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200832-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter was eight at the time of the first marital split. As Seeger biographer <a href="/wiki/David_King_Dunaway" title="David King Dunaway">David King Dunaway</a> writes, "Like many children of divorce, Peter was caught between parents and developed an aversion to family quarrels."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200832_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200832-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, Charles married his composition student and assistant, <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Crawford_Seeger" title="Ruth Crawford Seeger">Ruth Crawford</a>, now considered by many to be one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Modernism_(music)" title="Modernism (music)">modernist</a> composers of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deeply interested in folk music, Ruth had contributed musical arrangements to <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>'s influential folk song anthology, the <a href="/wiki/The_American_Songbag" title="The American Songbag"><i>American Songbag</i></a> (1927), and later created original settings for eight of Sandburg's poems.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in 1936, Charles held various administrative positions in the federal government's <a href="/wiki/Resettlement_Administration" title="Resettlement Administration">Farm Resettlement program</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Works_Projects_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Works Projects Administration">WPA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Federal_Music_Project" title="Federal Music Project">Federal Music Project</a> (1938–1940) and the wartime <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American Union">Pan American Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, he taught <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">ethnomusicology</a> at UC Berkeley and <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200822,_24_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200822,_24-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinkler20094_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinkler20094-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935, Peter was selected to attend <a href="/wiki/Camp_Rising_Sun_(New_York)" title="Camp Rising Sun (New York)">Camp Rising Sun</a> (CRS), the George E. Jonas Foundation's international leadership camp, held every summer in upstate New York. He remained a loyal alumnus through the decades and attended a CRS event at age 93 in July 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peter's eldest brother, Charles Seeger III, would go on to become a radio astronomer, and his next older brother, John Seeger, taught in the 1950s at the <a href="/wiki/Dalton_School" title="Dalton School">Dalton School</a> in Manhattan and was the principal from 1960 to 1976 at <a href="/wiki/Ethical_Culture_Fieldston_School" title="Ethical Culture Fieldston School">Fieldston Lower School</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter's uncle, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Seeger" title="Alan Seeger">Alan Seeger</a>, a noted American <a href="/wiki/War_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="War poet">war poet</a> ("I Have a Rendezvous with Death"), had been one of the first American soldiers to be killed in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. All four of Peter's half-siblings from his father's second marriage—Margaret (Peggy), Mike, Barbara, and Penelope (Penny)—became folk singers. <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Seeger" title="Peggy Seeger">Peggy Seeger</a>, a well-known performer in her own right, married British folk singer and activist <a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mike_Seeger" title="Mike Seeger">Mike Seeger</a> was a founder of the <a href="/wiki/New_Lost_City_Ramblers" title="New Lost City Ramblers">New Lost City Ramblers</a>, one of whose members, <a href="/wiki/John_Cohen_(musician)" title="John Cohen (musician)">John Cohen</a>, married Peter's half-sister Penny, also a talented singer, who died young. Barbara Seeger joined her siblings in recording folk songs for children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_development">Musical development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Musical development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite being classical musicians, Peter's parents did not press him to play an instrument. On his own, the otherwise bookish and withdrawn boy gravitated to the <a href="/wiki/Ukulele" title="Ukulele">ukulele</a>, becoming adept at entertaining his classmates with it while laying the basis for his subsequent remarkable audience rapport. At thirteen, he enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/Avon_Old_Farms_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Avon Old Farms School">Avon Old Farms School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Avon,_Connecticut" title="Avon, Connecticut">Avon, Connecticut</a>, from which he graduated in 1936. During the summer of 1935, while traveling with his father and stepmother, Pete heard the five-string <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a> for the first time at the <a href="/wiki/Bascom_Lamar_Lunsford#The_Mountain_Dance_and_Folk_Festival" title="Bascom Lamar Lunsford">Mountain Dance and Folk Festival</a> in western <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> near <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville</a>, as he related in an April 1963 interview on Folk Music Worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival was organized by local <a href="/wiki/Folkloristics" class="mw-redirect" title="Folkloristics">folklorist</a>, lecturer, and traditional music performer <a href="/wiki/Bascom_Lamar_Lunsford" title="Bascom Lamar Lunsford">Bascom Lamar Lunsford</a>, whom Charles had hired for <a href="/wiki/Resettlement_Administration" title="Resettlement Administration">Farm Resettlement</a> music projects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200848–49_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200848–49-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The festival took place in a covered baseball field. There the Seegers: </p> <blockquote><p>watched square-dance teams from <a href="/wiki/Bearwallow,_North_Carolina" title="Bearwallow, North Carolina">Bear Wallow</a>, Happy Hollow, Cane Creek, Spooks Branch, Cheoah Valley, Bull Creek, and <a href="/wiki/Soco_Gap" title="Soco Gap">Soco Gap</a>; heard the five-string banjo player <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Bumgarner" title="Samantha Bumgarner">Samantha Bumgarner</a>; and family string bands, including a group of Indians from the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> reservation who played string instruments and sang ballads. They wandered among the crowds who camped out at the edge of the field, hearing music being made there as well. As Lunsford's daughter would later recall, those country people "held the riches that Dad had discovered. They could sing, fiddle, pick the banjos, and guitars with traditional grace and style found nowhere else but deep in the mountains. I can still hear those haunting melodies drift over the ball park."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETick1997239_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETick1997239-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>For the Seegers, experiencing the beauty of this music firsthand was a "conversion experience". Pete was deeply affected and, after learning basic plucking technique from Lunsford, spent much of the next four years trying to master the five-string banjo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200849–51_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200849–51-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The teenage Seeger also sometimes accompanied his parents to regular Saturday evening gatherings at the <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a> loft of painter and art teacher <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(painter)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (painter)">Thomas Hart Benton</a> and his wife Rita. Benton, a lover of Americana, played "<a href="/wiki/Cindy_(folk_song)" title="Cindy (folk song)">Cindy</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Old_Joe_Clark" title="Old Joe Clark">Old Joe Clark</a>" with his students <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pollock" title="Charles Pollock">Charlie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>; friends from the "<a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">hillbilly</a>" recording industry; and <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">avant-garde</a> composers <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ruggles" title="Carl Ruggles">Carl Ruggles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cowell" title="Henry Cowell">Henry Cowell</a>. It was at one of Benton's parties that Pete heard "<a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(folklore)#Music" title="John Henry (folklore)">John Henry</a>" for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeger enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> on a partial scholarship, but as he became increasingly involved with politics and folk music, his grades suffered and he lost his scholarship. He dropped out of college in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He dreamed of a career in journalism and took courses in art as well. His first musical gig was leading students in folk singing at the <a href="/wiki/Dalton_School" title="Dalton School">Dalton School</a>, where his aunt was principal. He polished his performance skills during a summer stint of touring New York state with the Vagabond Puppeteers (Jerry Oberwager, 22; Mary Wallace, 22; and Harriet Holtzman, 23), a traveling <a href="/wiki/Puppet_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Puppet theater">puppet theater</a> "inspired by rural education campaigns of post-revolutionary Mexico".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200861–63_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200861–63-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of their shows coincided with a strike by dairy farmers. The group reprised its act in October in New York City. An October 2, 1939 <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Worker" title="Daily Worker">Daily Worker</a></i> article reported on the Puppeteers' six-week tour this way: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During the entire trip the group never ate once in a restaurant. They slept out at night under the stars and cooked their own meals in the open, very often they were the guests of farmers. At rural affairs and union meetings, the farm women would bring "suppers" and would vie with each other to see who could feed the troupe most, and after the affair the farmers would have earnest discussions about who would have the honor of taking them home for the night. </p><p>"They fed us too well", the girls reported. "And we could live the entire winter just by taking advantage of all the offers to spend a week on the farm". </p><p> In the farmers' homes they talked about politics and the farmers' problems, about <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitism</a> and Unionism, about war and peace and social security—"and always", the puppeteers report, "the farmers wanted to know what can be done to create a stronger unity between themselves and city workers". They felt the need of this more strongly than ever before, and the support of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">CIO</a> in their milk strike has given them a new understanding and a new respect for the power that lies in solidarity. One summer has convinced us that a minimum of organized effort on the part of city organizations—unions, consumers' bodies, the American Labor Party and similar groups—can not only reach the farmers but weld them into a pretty solid front with city folks that will be one of the best guarantees for progress.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>That fall, Seeger took a job in Washington, D.C., assisting <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a>, a friend of his father's, at the <a href="/wiki/Archive_of_American_Folk_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive of American Folk Song">Archive of American Folk Song</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Seeger's job was to help Lomax sift through commercial "<a href="/wiki/African_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="African American music">race</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">hillbilly</a>" music and select recordings that best represented American folk music, a project funded by the music division of the Pan American Union (later the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>), of whose music division his father, Charles Seeger, was head (1938–1953).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lomax also encouraged Seeger's folk-singing vocation, and Seeger was soon appearing as a regular performer on Alan Lomax and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Nicholas Ray</a>'s weekly <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">Columbia Broadcasting</a> show <i>Back Where I Come From</i> (1940–41) alongside <a href="/wiki/Josh_White" title="Josh White">Josh White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burl_Ives" title="Burl Ives">Burl Ives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a> (whom he had first met at <a href="/wiki/Will_Geer" title="Will Geer">Will Geer</a>'s Grapes of Wrath benefit concert for <a href="/wiki/Migrant_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="Migrant workers">migrant workers</a> on March 3, 1940). <i>Back Where I Come From</i> was unique in having a <a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">racially integrated</a> cast.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show was a success, but was not picked up by commercial sponsors for nationwide broadcasting because of its integrated cast. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PeteSeeger2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PeteSeeger2.jpg/220px-PeteSeeger2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PeteSeeger2.jpg/330px-PeteSeeger2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PeteSeeger2.jpg/440px-PeteSeeger2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>Pete Seeger entertaining <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a> (center), honored guest at a racially integrated Valentine's Day party marking the opening of the United Federal Labor Canteen, <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">CIO</a>, in then-segregated Washington, D.C., 1944<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>From 1942 to 1945, Seeger served in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> as an Entertainment Specialist, eventually attaining the rank of corporal.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Billboard_article_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billboard_article-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had been initially trained as an airplane mechanic, but was reassigned to entertain American troops with music, including in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">South Pacific</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Billboard_article_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billboard_article-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, when people asked him what he did in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">war</a>, he always answered, "I strummed my banjo."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, he also performed on nationwide radio broadcasts by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Corwin" title="Norman Corwin">Norman Corwin</a>. </p><p>In 1949, Seeger worked as the vocal instructor for the progressive <a href="/wiki/City_and_Country_School" title="City and Country School">City and Country School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_activism">Early activism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1936, at the age of 17, Pete Seeger joined the <a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_League,_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Communist League, USA">Young Communist League</a> (YCL), then at the height of its influence. In 1942, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a> (CPUSA),<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but left in 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early 1941, while still only 21, Seeger started performing as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Almanac_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Almanac Singers">Almanac Singers</a> along with Millard Lampell, <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Houston" title="Cisco Houston">Cisco Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>, Butch Hawes and <a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a>, and Lee Hays. Seeger and the Almanacs cut several albums of <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record#78_rpm_disc_developments" title="Phonograph record">78s</a> on <a href="/wiki/Keynote_Records" title="Keynote Records">Keynote</a> and other labels: <i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_John_Doe" title="Songs for John Doe">Songs for John Doe</a></i> (recorded in late February or March and released in May 1941), <i><a href="/wiki/Talking_Union" title="Talking Union">Talking Union</a></i>, and an album each of sea shanties and pioneer songs. Written by Millard Lampell, <i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_John_Doe" title="Songs for John Doe">Songs for John Doe</a></i> was performed by Lampell, Seeger, and Hays, joined by Josh White and Sam Gary. It contained lines, such as "It wouldn't be much thrill to die for Du Pont in Brazil," that were sharply critical of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>'s unprecedented peacetime draft (enacted in September 1940). This anti-war/anti-draft tone reflected the Communist Party line after the 1939 <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a>, which maintained that the war was "phony" and a mere pretext for big American corporations to get Hitler to attack Soviet Russia. Seeger has said he believed this line of argument at the time, as did many fellow members of the Young Communist League (YCL). Though nominally members of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Communist_Party_USA#1935–1939:_Popular_Front" title="History of the Communist Party USA">Popular Front</a>, which was allied with Roosevelt and more moderate liberals, the YCL's members still smarted from Roosevelt and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arms_embargo" title="Arms embargo">arms embargo</a> on <a href="/wiki/Republican_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)">Loyalist Spain</a> (which Roosevelt later called a mistake),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the alliance frayed in the confusing welter of events. </p><p>A June 16, 1941, review in <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, which, under its owner, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Luce" title="Henry Luce">Henry Luce</a>, had become very interventionist, denounced the Almanacs' <i>Songs for John Doe</i> album, accusing it of scrupulously echoing what it called "the mendacious Moscow tune" that "Franklin Roosevelt is leading an unwilling people into a J.P. Morgan war". Eleanor Roosevelt, a fan of folk music, reportedly found the album "in bad taste", though President Roosevelt, when the album was shown to him, merely observed, correctly, as it turned out, that few people would ever hear it. More alarmist was the reaction of eminent German-born Harvard Professor of Government <a href="/wiki/Carl_Joachim_Friedrich" title="Carl Joachim Friedrich">Carl Joachim Friedrich</a>, an adviser on domestic propaganda to the United States military. In a review in the June 1941 <i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Monthly">Atlantic Monthly</a></i>, entitled "The Poison in Our System", he pronounced <i>Songs for John Doe</i> "strictly subversive and illegal", "whether Communist or Nazi financed", and "a matter for the attorney general", observing further that "mere" legal "suppression" would not be sufficient to counteract this type of populist poison,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the poison being folk music and the ease with which it could be spread.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the U.S. had not officially declared war on the Axis powers in mid-1941 (and would not do so until the Pearl Harbor attack that December), the country was energetically producing arms and ammunition for its allies overseas. Despite the boom in manufacturing this concerted rearming effort brought, African Americans were barred from working in defense plants. Racial tensions rose as Black labor leaders (such as <a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a>) and their white allies began organizing protests and marches. To combat this social unrest, President Roosevelt issued <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_8802" title="Executive Order 8802">Executive Order 8802</a> (the Fair Employment Act) on 25 June 1941. The order came three days after Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union, at which time the Communist Party quickly directed its members to get behind the draft and forbade participation in strikes for the duration of the war—angering some leftists. Copies of <i>Songs for John Doe</i> were removed from sale, and the remaining inventory destroyed, though a few copies may exist in the hands of private collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Almanac Singers' <i>Talking Union</i> album, on the other hand, was reissued as an LP by <a href="/wiki/Folkways_Records" title="Folkways Records">Folkways</a> (FH 5285A) in 1955 and is still available. The following year, the Almanacs issued <i><a href="/wiki/Dear_Mr._President_(Almanac_Singers_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dear Mr. President (Almanac Singers album)">Dear Mr. President</a></i>, an album in support of Roosevelt and the war effort. The title song, "Dear Mr. President", was a solo by Pete Seeger, and its lines expressed his lifelong credo: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>Now, Mr. President,<br /> We haven't always agreed in the past, I know,<br /> But that ain't at all important now.<br /> What is important is what we got to do,<br /> We got to lick Mr. Hitler, and until we do,<br /> Other things can wait.<br /> <br /> Now, as I think of our great land ...<br /> I know it ain't perfect, but it will be someday,<br /> Just give us a little time.<br /> <br /> This is the reason that I want to fight,<br /> Not 'cause everything's perfect, or everything's right.<br /> No, it's just the opposite: I'm fightin' because<br /> I want a better America, and better laws,<br /> And better homes, and jobs, and schools,<br /> And no more Jim Crow, and no more rules like<br /> "You can't ride on this train 'cause you're a Negro,"<br /> "You can't live here 'cause you're a Jew,"<br /> "You can't work here 'cause you're a union man."<br /> <br /> So, Mr. President,<br /> We got this one big job to do<br /> That's lick Mr. Hitler and when we're through,<br /> Let no one else ever take his place<br /> To trample down the human race.<br /> So what I want is you to give me a gun<br /> So we can hurry up and get the job done. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Seeger's critics, however, continued to bring up the Almanacs' repudiated <i>Songs for John Doe</i>. In 1942, a year after the <i>John Doe</i> album's brief appearance (and disappearance), the FBI decided that the now-pro-war Almanacs were still endangering the war effort by subverting recruitment. According to the New York <i>World Telegram</i> (February 14, 1942), Carl Friedrich's 1941 article "The Poison in Our System" was printed up as a pamphlet and distributed by the Council for Democracy (an organization that Friedrich and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Luce" title="Henry Luce">Henry Luce</a>'s right-hand man, <a href="/wiki/C._D._Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="C. D. Jackson">C. D. Jackson</a>, Vice President of <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> magazine, had founded "to combat all the Nazi, fascist, communist, pacifist" antiwar groups in the United States).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After returning from WWII service, Seeger and others established <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Songs" title="People's Songs">People's Songs</a>, conceived as a nationwide organization with branches on both coasts and designed to "create, promote and distribute songs of labor and the American People".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With Pete Seeger as its director, People's Songs worked for the 1948 presidential campaign of Roosevelt's former Secretary of Agriculture and Vice President, <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a>, who ran as a third-party candidate on the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a> ticket. Despite attracting enormous crowds nationwide, Wallace did not win any electoral votes. Following the election, he was excoriated for accepting campaign help from Communists and fellow travelers, such as Seeger and singer <a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Civil_War_songs">Spanish Civil War songs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spanish Civil War songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seeger had been a fervent supporter of the republican forces in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>. In 1943, with <a href="/wiki/Tom_Glazer" title="Tom Glazer">Tom Glazer</a> and Bess and Baldwin Hawes, he recorded an album of 78s called <i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Lincoln_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs of the Lincoln Battalion">Songs of the Lincoln Battalion</a></i> on Moe Asch's Stinson label. This included such songs as "<a href="/wiki/There%27s_a_Valley_in_Spain_called_Jarama" class="mw-redirect" title="There's a Valley in Spain called Jarama">There's a Valley in Spain Called Jarama</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Ay_Carmela!_(song)" title="¡Ay Carmela! (song)">Viva la Quince Brigada</a>". In 1960, this collection was re-issued by Moe Asch as one side of a Folkways LP called <i>Songs of the Lincoln and International Brigades</i>. On the other side was a reissue of the legendary <i>Six Songs for Democracy</i> (originally recorded in Barcelona in 1938 while bombs were falling), performed by <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Busch_(actor)" title="Ernst Busch (actor)">Ernst Busch</a> and a chorus of members of the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A4lmann_Battalion" title="Thälmann Battalion">Thälmann Battalion</a>, made up of volunteers from Germany. The songs were "Moorsoldaten" ("<a href="/wiki/Peat_Bog_Soldiers" title="Peat Bog Soldiers">Peat Bog Soldiers</a>", composed by political prisoners of German concentration camps); "<a href="/wiki/Freiheit_(song)" title="Freiheit (song)">Die Thaelmann-Kolonne</a>", "Hans Beimler", "Das Lied von der Einheitsfront" ("Song of the United Front" by <a href="/wiki/Hanns_Eisler" title="Hanns Eisler">Hanns Eisler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>), "Lied der Internationalen Brigaden" ("Song of the International Brigades"), and "Los cuatro generales" ("The Four Generals", known in English as "The Four Insurgent Generals"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Group_recordings">Group recordings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Group recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a self-described "split tenor" (between a tenor and a countertenor),<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_article-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pete Seeger was a founding member of two highly influential folk groups: the <a href="/wiki/Almanac_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Almanac Singers">Almanac Singers</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">the Weavers</a>. The Almanac Singers, which Seeger co-founded in 1941 with <a href="/wiki/Millard_Lampell" title="Millard Lampell">Millard Lampell</a> and Arkansas singer and activist <a href="/wiki/Lee_Hays" title="Lee Hays">Lee Hays</a>, was a topical group, designed to function as a singing newspaper promoting the industrial unionization movement,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> racial and religious inclusion, and other progressive causes. Its personnel included, at various times: Woody Guthrie, <a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sis_Cunningham" title="Sis Cunningham">Sis Cunningham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_White" title="Josh White">Josh White</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Gary" title="Sam Gary">Sam Gary</a>. As a controversial Almanac singer, the 21-year-old Seeger performed under the stage name "Pete Bowers" to avoid compromising his father's government career. </p><p>In 1950, the Almanacs were reconstituted as the Weavers, named after the title of an 1892 play by <a href="/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann" title="Gerhart Hauptmann">Gerhart Hauptmann</a>, about a workers' strike (which contained the lines "We'll stand it no more, come what may!"). They did benefits for strikers, at which they sang songs such as "Talking Union", about the struggles for unionisation of industrial workers such as miners and automobile workers.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides Pete Seeger (performing under his own name), members of the Weavers included charter Almanac member Lee Hays, <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Gilbert" title="Ronnie Gilbert">Ronnie Gilbert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hellerman" title="Fred Hellerman">Fred Hellerman</a>; later <a href="/wiki/Frank_Hamilton_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Hamilton (musician)">Frank Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erik_Darling" title="Erik Darling">Erik Darling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Krause" title="Bernie Krause">Bernie Krause</a> serially took Seeger's place. In the atmosphere of the 1950s red scare, the Weavers' repertoire had to be less overtly topical than that of the Almanacs had been, and its progressive message was couched in indirect language. The Weavers on occasion performed in tuxedos (unlike the Almanacs, who had dressed informally) and their managers refused to let them perform at political venues. The Weavers' string of major <a href="/wiki/Chart-topper" class="mw-redirect" title="Chart-topper">hits</a> began with "<a href="/wiki/On_Top_of_Old_Smoky" title="On Top of Old Smoky">On Top of Old Smoky</a>" and an arrangement of <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a>'s signature waltz, "<a href="/wiki/Goodnight,_Irene" title="Goodnight, Irene">Goodnight, Irene</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-pc1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which topped the charts for 13 weeks in 1950,<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_article-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was covered by many other pop singers. On the flip side of "Irene" was the Israeli song "<a href="/wiki/Tzena,_Tzena,_Tzena" title="Tzena, Tzena, Tzena">Tzena, Tzena, Tzena</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-pc1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Weavers hits included <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie_discography#1940,_RCA_Victor_Sessions,_Dust_Bowl_Ballads" title="Woody Guthrie discography">"Dusty Old Dust" ("So Long It's Been Good to Know You" by Woody Guthrie)</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Kisses_Sweeter_than_Wine_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kisses Sweeter than Wine (song)">Kisses Sweeter Than Wine</a>" (by Hays, Seeger, and Lead Belly), and the <a href="/wiki/Zulu_people" title="Zulu people">Zulu</a> song by <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Linda" title="Solomon Linda">Solomon Linda</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Wimoweh" class="mw-redirect" title="Wimoweh">Wimoweh</a>" (about <a href="/wiki/Shaka" title="Shaka">Shaka</a>), among others. </p><p>The Weavers' performing career was abruptly derailed in 1953, at the peak of their popularity, when blacklisting prompted radio stations to refuse to play their records and all their bookings were canceled. They briefly returned to the stage, however, at a sold-out reunion at Carnegie Hall in 1955 and in a subsequent <a href="/wiki/Reunion_tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Reunion tour">reunion tour</a>, which produced a hit version of <a href="/wiki/Merle_Travis" title="Merle Travis">Merle Travis</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Sixteen_Tons" title="Sixteen Tons">Sixteen Tons</a>", as well as LPs of their concert performances. "<a href="/wiki/Kumbaya" title="Kumbaya">Kumbaya</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a> black spiritual dating from slavery days, was also introduced to wide audiences by Pete Seeger and the Weavers (in 1959), becoming a staple of Boy and Girl Scout campfires. </p><p>In the late 1950s, <a href="/wiki/The_Kingston_Trio" title="The Kingston Trio">the Kingston Trio</a> was formed in direct imitation of (and homage to) the Weavers, covering much of the latter's repertoire, though with a more buttoned-down, uncontroversial, and mainstream collegiate persona. The Kingston Trio produced another phenomenal succession of <i>Billboard</i> chart hits and, in its turn, spawned a legion of imitators, laying the groundwork for the 1960s commercial folk revival. </p><p>In the documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger:_The_Power_of_Song" title="Pete Seeger: The Power of Song">Pete Seeger: The Power of Song</a></i> (2007), Seeger states that he resigned from the Weavers when the three other band members agreed to perform a <a href="/wiki/Jingle" title="Jingle">jingle</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco advertising">cigarette commercial</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banjo_and_12-string_guitar">Banjo and 12-string guitar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Banjo and 12-string guitar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger_banjos_at_the_American_Banjo_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pete_Seeger_banjos_at_the_American_Banjo_Museum.jpg/250px-Pete_Seeger_banjos_at_the_American_Banjo_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pete_Seeger_banjos_at_the_American_Banjo_Museum.jpg/330px-Pete_Seeger_banjos_at_the_American_Banjo_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pete_Seeger_banjos_at_the_American_Banjo_Museum.jpg/500px-Pete_Seeger_banjos_at_the_American_Banjo_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Four long-neck banjos inspired by Seeger's. The instrument on far left was closely constructed to match Seeger's. <a href="/wiki/American_Banjo_Museum" title="American Banjo Museum">American Banjo Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1948, Seeger wrote the first version of <i>How to Play the Five-String Banjo</i>, a book that many<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">banjo</a> players credit with starting them off on the <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">instrument</a>. He went on to invent the <i>long-neck</i> or <i>Seeger</i> banjo. This instrument is three frets longer than a typical banjo, is slightly longer than a bass guitar at 25 frets, and is tuned a minor third lower than the normal 5-string banjo. Hitherto strictly limited to the Appalachian region,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="5-string banjo history outside Appalachia as witnesses by Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago and New York manufacturers prior to the Great Depression, especially in 1880s-1910s. See American Banjo Museum#Classical, 1880s-1910s (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the five-string banjo became known nationwide as the American folk instrument par excellence, largely thanks to Seeger's championing of and improvements to it. According to an unnamed musician quoted in <a href="/wiki/David_King_Dunaway" title="David King Dunaway">David King Dunaway</a>'s biography, "by nesting a resonant chord between two precise notes, a melody note and a chiming note on the fifth string", Pete Seeger "gentrified" the more percussive traditional <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachian</a> "frailing" style, "with its vigorous hammering of the forearm and its percussive rapping of the fingernail on the banjo head".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008100_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008100-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although what Dunaway's informant describes is the age-old droned frailing style, the implication is that Seeger made this more acceptable to mass audiences by omitting some of its percussive complexities, while presumably still preserving the characteristic driving rhythmic quality associated with the style. </p><p>Inspired by his mentor Woody Guthrie, whose guitar was labeled "<a href="/wiki/This_machine_kills_fascists" title="This machine kills fascists">This machine kills fascists</a>", Seeger emblazoned his banjo head in 1952 with the slogan "This Machine Surrounds Hate and Forces It to Surrender", writing those words on every subsequent banjo he owned.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the late 1950s on, Seeger also accompanied himself on the <a href="/wiki/12-string_guitar" class="mw-redirect" title="12-string guitar">12-string guitar</a>, an instrument of Mexican origin that had been associated with <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a>, who had styled himself "the King of the 12-String Guitar". Seeger's distinctive custom-made guitars had a triangular soundhole. He combined the long scale length (approximately 28") and <a href="/wiki/Capo_(musical_device)" title="Capo (musical device)">capo</a>-to-key techniques that he favored on the banjo with a variant of <a href="/wiki/Drop_D_tuning" title="Drop D tuning">drop-D (DADGBE) tuning</a>, tuned two whole steps down with very heavy strings, which he played with thumb and finger picks.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interest_in_steelpan">Interest in steelpan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interest in steelpan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1956, Seeger and his wife, Toshi, traveled to <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad</a>, to seek out information on the <a href="/wiki/Steelpan" title="Steelpan">steelpan</a>, sometimes called a steel drum, or "ping-pong". The two searched out a local panyard director, Kim Loy Wong, and proceeded to film the construction, tuning and playing of the then-new national instrument of Trinidad and Tobago (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://whensteeltalks.ning.com/video/music-from-oil-drums-1956">https://whensteeltalks.ning.com/video/music-from-oil-drums-1956</a>). He was attempting to include the unique flavor of the steelpan in American folk music. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McCarthy_era">McCarthy era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: McCarthy era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1950s, and indeed consistently throughout his life, Seeger continued his support of civil and labor rights, racial equality, international understanding, and anti-militarism (all of which had characterized the Henry Wallace campaign), and he continued to believe that songs could help people achieve these goals. However, with the ever-growing revelations of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s atrocities and the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a>, he became increasingly disillusioned with Soviet Socialism. He left the CPUSA in 1949, but remained friends with some who did not leave it, although he argued with them about it.<sup id="cite_ref-powersong_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powersong-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 18, 1955, Seeger was subpoenaed to testify before the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> (HUAC). Alone among the many witnesses after the 1950 conviction and imprisonment of the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Ten" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Ten">Hollywood Ten</a> for contempt of Congress, Seeger refused to plead the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fifth Amendment</a> (which would have asserted that his testimony might be self-incriminating). Instead, as the Hollywood Ten had done, he declined to name personal and political associations on the grounds that this would violate his <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> rights: "I am not going to answer any questions as to my association, my philosophical or religious beliefs or my political beliefs, or how I voted in any election, or any of these private affairs. I think these are very improper questions for any American to be asked, especially under such compulsion as this."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeger's refusal to answer questions that he believed violated his fundamental constitutional rights led to a March 26, 1957 indictment for <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">contempt of Congress</a>. For some years thereafter, he had to keep the federal government apprised of where he was going any time he left the Southern District of New York. He was convicted in a jury trial of contempt of Congress in March 1961, and sentenced to ten one-year terms in jail (to be served simultaneously), but in May 1962, an appeals court ruled the indictment to be flawed and overturned his conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_article-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> school board told him that he could not play a scheduled concert at a high school unless he signed an oath pledging that the concert would not be used to promote a communist agenda or an overthrow of the government. Seeger refused, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> obtained an <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> against the school district, allowing the concert to go on as scheduled. Almost 50 years later, in February 2009, the San Diego School District officially extended an apology to Seeger for the actions of its predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-SignOnSD_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SignOnSD-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_music_revival">Folk music revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Folk music revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To earn money during the blacklist period of the late 1950s and early 1960s, Seeger worked gigs as a music teacher in schools and summer camps, and traveled the college campus circuit. He also recorded as many as five albums a year for <a href="/wiki/Moe_Asch" class="mw-redirect" title="Moe Asch">Moe Asch</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Folkways_Records" title="Folkways Records">Folkways Records</a> label. As the nuclear disarmament movement picked up steam in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Seeger's anti-war songs, such as "<a href="/wiki/Where_Have_All_the_Flowers_Gone%3F" title="Where Have All the Flowers Gone?">Where Have All the Flowers Gone?</a>" (co-written with <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hickerson" title="Joe Hickerson">Joe Hickerson</a>), "<a href="/wiki/Turn!_Turn!_Turn!_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn! Turn! Turn! (song)">Turn! Turn! Turn!</a>" adapted from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ecclesiastes" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Ecclesiastes">Book of Ecclesiastes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pc1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "<a href="/wiki/The_Bells_of_Rhymney" title="The Bells of Rhymney">The Bells of Rhymney</a>" by the Welsh poet <a href="/wiki/Idris_Davies" title="Idris Davies">Idris Davies</a> (1957),<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gained wide currency. Seeger was the first person to make a studio recording of "<a href="/wiki/Last_Night_I_Had_the_Strangest_Dream" title="Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream">Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream</a>" in 1956. Seeger also was closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a> and in 1963 helped organize a landmark <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a> concert, featuring the youthful <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Singers">Freedom Singers</a>, as a benefit for the <a href="/wiki/Highlander_Folk_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlander Folk School">Highlander Folk School</a> in Tennessee. This event, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>'s <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> in August of that same year, brought the civil rights anthem "<a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">We Shall Overcome</a>" to wide audiences. He sang it on the 50-mile walk from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, along with 1,000 other marchers.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, Seeger was a senior figure in the 1960s folk revival centered in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>, as a longtime columnist in <i><a href="/wiki/Sing_Out!" title="Sing Out!">Sing Out!</a></i>, the successor to the People's Songs <i>Bulletin</i>, and as a founder of the topical <a href="/wiki/Broadside_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadside Magazine"><i>Broadside</i></a> magazine. To describe the new crop of politically committed folk singers, he coined the phrase "Woody's children", alluding to his associate and traveling companion, Woody Guthrie, who by this time had become a legendary figure. This urban folk-revival movement, a continuation of the activist tradition of the 1930s and 1940s and of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Songs" title="People's Songs">People's Songs</a>, used adaptations of traditional tunes and lyrics to effect social change, a practice that goes back to the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> or Wobblies' <i>Little Red Song Book</i>, compiled by Swedish-born union organizer <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(activist)" title="Joe Hill (activist)">Joe Hill</a> (1879–1915) (the <i>Little Red Song Book</i> had been a favorite of Woody Guthrie, who was known to carry it around).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeger toured Australia in the fall of 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008285_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008285-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped spark a folk boom throughout the country at a time when popular music tastes competed between folk, the <a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">surfing craze</a>, and the British rock invasion that gave the world <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, among others. Seeger's single "<a href="/wiki/Little_Boxes" title="Little Boxes">Little Boxes</a>", written by Malvina Reynolds, peaked at #24 on the <a href="/wiki/Kent_Music_Report" title="Kent Music Report">Australian record charts</a> in February 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folk clubs sprang up all over the nation; folk performers were accepted in established venues; Australian performers singing Australian folk songs—many of their own composing—emerged in concerts and festivals, on television, and on recordings; and folk-music performers from overseas were encouraged to tour Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The long television blacklist of Seeger began to ease in the mid-1960s when he hosted a regionally broadcast educational folk-music television show, <i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Quest" title="Rainbow Quest">Rainbow Quest</a></i>. Among his guests were <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/June_Carter" class="mw-redirect" title="June Carter">June Carter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reverend_Gary_Davis" title="Reverend Gary Davis">Reverend Gary Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_John_Hurt" title="Mississippi John Hurt">Mississippi John Hurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Stanley_Brothers" title="The Stanley Brothers">the Stanley Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cotten" title="Elizabeth Cotten">Elizabeth Cotten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Sky" title="Patrick Sky">Patrick Sky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Collins" title="Judy Collins">Judy Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedy_West" title="Hedy West">Hedy West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donovan" title="Donovan">Donovan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Clancy_Brothers" title="The Clancy Brothers">The Clancy Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Fari%C3%B1a" title="Richard Fariña">Richard Fariña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Fari%C3%B1a" title="Mimi Fariña">Mimi Fariña</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Terry" title="Sonny Terry">Sonny Terry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brownie_McGhee" title="Brownie McGhee">Brownie McGhee</a>, Mamou Cajun Band, <a href="/wiki/Bernice_Johnson_Reagon" title="Bernice Johnson Reagon">Bernice Johnson Reagon</a>, the Beers Family, <a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Holcomb" title="Roscoe Holcomb">Roscoe Holcomb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malvina_Reynolds" title="Malvina Reynolds">Malvina Reynolds</a>, Sonia Malkine, and <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Phillips" title="Shawn Phillips">Shawn Phillips</a>. Thirty-nine<sup id="cite_ref-powersong_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-powersong-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hour-long programs were recorded at <a href="/wiki/WNJU" title="WNJU">WNJU</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a> studios in 1965 and 1966, produced by Seeger and his wife Toshi, with Sholom Rubinstein. The <a href="/wiki/Smothers_Brothers" title="Smothers Brothers">Smothers Brothers</a> ended Seeger's national blacklisting by broadcasting him singing "<a href="/wiki/Waist_Deep_in_the_Big_Muddy" title="Waist Deep in the Big Muddy">Waist Deep in the Big Muddy</a>" on their CBS variety show on February 25, 1968, after his similar performance in September 1967 was censored by CBS.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1976, Seeger wrote and recorded the anti-death penalty song "Delbert Tibbs", about the death-row inmate <a href="/wiki/Delbert_Tibbs" title="Delbert Tibbs">Delbert Tibbs</a>, who was later <a href="/wiki/Exonerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonerated">exonerated</a>. Seeger wrote the music and selected the words from poems written by Tibbs.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SO!vol49_2_Pete_Seeger.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5e/SO%21vol49_2_Pete_Seeger.PNG" decoding="async" width="144" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="144" data-file-height="186" /></a><figcaption>Seeger at 86 on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Sing_Out!" title="Sing Out!">Sing Out!</a></i> (Summer 2005), a magazine he helped found in 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>Seeger also supported the Jewish Camping Movement. He came to <a href="/wiki/Surprise_Lake_Camp" title="Surprise Lake Camp">Surprise Lake Camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring,_New_York" title="Cold Spring, New York">Cold Spring, New York</a>, over the summer many times.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sang and inspired countless campers.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pete_Seeger_and_Bob_Dylan">Pete Seeger and Bob Dylan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pete Seeger and Bob Dylan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pete Seeger was one of the earliest backers of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>; he was responsible for urging A&R man <a href="/wiki/John_H._Hammond" class="mw-redirect" title="John H. Hammond">John Hammond</a> to produce Dylan's first LP on <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia</a>, and for inviting him to perform at the <a href="/wiki/Newport_Folk_Festival" title="Newport Folk Festival">Newport Folk Festival</a>, of which Seeger was a board member.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a widely repeated story that Seeger was so upset over the extremely loud amplified sound that Dylan, backed by members of the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Butterfield" title="Paul Butterfield">Butterfield Blues Band</a>, brought into the 1965 <a href="/wiki/Newport_Folk_Festival" title="Newport Folk Festival">Newport Folk Festival</a> that Seeger threatened to disconnect the equipment. There are multiple versions of what went on, some fanciful. What is certain is that tensions had been running high between Dylan's manager <a href="/wiki/Albert_Grossman" title="Albert Grossman">Albert Grossman</a> and Festival board members (who besides Seeger also included <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Bikel" title="Theodore Bikel">Theodore Bikel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Jackson_(scholar)" title="Bruce Jackson (scholar)">Bruce Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a>, festival MC <a href="/wiki/Peter_Yarrow" title="Peter Yarrow">Peter Yarrow</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Wein" title="George Wein">George Wein</a>) over the scheduling of performers and other matters. Two days earlier, there had been a scuffle and a brief exchange of blows between Grossman and Alan Lomax. The festival's board, in an emergency session, had voted to ban Grossman from the grounds, but then backed off when George Wein pointed out that Grossman also managed highly popular draws <a href="/wiki/Odetta" title="Odetta">Odetta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter,_Paul_and_Mary" title="Peter, Paul and Mary">Peter, Paul and Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Seeger has been portrayed as a folk purist who opposed Dylan's "<a href="/wiki/Electric_Dylan_controversy" title="Electric Dylan controversy">going electric</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when asked in 2001 about how he recalled his "objections" to the electric style, Seeger said: </p> <blockquote><p>I couldn't understand the words. I wanted to hear the words. It was a great song, "<a href="/wiki/Maggie%27s_Farm" title="Maggie's Farm">Maggie's Farm</a>," and the sound was distorted. I ran over to the guy at the controls and shouted, "Fix the sound so you can hear the words." He hollered back, "This is the way they want it." I said "Damn it, if I had an axe, I'd cut the cable right now." But I was at fault. I was the MC, and I could have said to the part of the crowd that booed Bob, "you didn't boo <a href="/wiki/Howlin%27_Wolf" title="Howlin' Wolf">Howlin' Wolf</a> yesterday. He was electric!" Though I still prefer to hear Dylan acoustic, some of his electric songs are absolutely great. Electric music is the vernacular of the second half of the twentieth century, to use my father's old term.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>One version of the Newport Festival controversy, as well as a glowing depiction of Seeger's early 1960s efforts to boost an unknown Bob Dylan, is dramatized in the 2024 film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Complete_Unknown" title="A Complete Unknown">A Complete Unknown</a></i>, where <a href="/wiki/Edward_Norton" title="Edward Norton">Edward Norton</a> plays Seeger.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDb_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDb-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_War_era_and_beyond">Vietnam War era and beyond</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Vietnam War era and beyond"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger_Stern_Grove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pete_Seeger_Stern_Grove.jpg/250px-Pete_Seeger_Stern_Grove.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pete_Seeger_Stern_Grove.jpg/330px-Pete_Seeger_Stern_Grove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Pete_Seeger_Stern_Grove.jpg/440px-Pete_Seeger_Stern_Grove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Pete Seeger, Stern Grove, San Francisco, August 6, 1978</figcaption></figure> <p>A longstanding opponent of the arms race and of the Vietnam War, Seeger <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirically</a> attacked then-President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> with his 1966 recording, on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Songs!%3F" title="Dangerous Songs!?">Dangerous Songs!?</a></i>, of <a href="/wiki/Len_Chandler" title="Len Chandler">Len Chandler</a>'s children's song "<a href="/wiki/Beans_in_My_Ears" title="Beans in My Ears">Beans in My Ears</a>". Beyond Chandler's lyrics, Seeger said that "Mrs. Jay's little son Alby" had "beans in his ears", which, as the lyrics imply,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ensures that a person does not hear what is said to them. To those opposed to continuing the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>, the phrase implied that "Alby Jay", a loose pronunciation of Johnson's nickname "LBJ", did not listen to anti-war protests as he too had "beans in his ears". </p><p>During 1966, Seeger and <a href="/wiki/Malvina_Reynolds" title="Malvina Reynolds">Malvina Reynolds</a> took part in environmental activism. The album <i><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_Grass" title="God Bless the Grass">God Bless the Grass</a></i> was released in January of that year and became the first album in history wholly dedicated to songs about environmental issues. Their politics were informed by the same ideologies of nationalism, populism, and criticism of big business.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeger attracted wider attention starting in 1967 with his song "<a href="/wiki/Waist_Deep_in_the_Big_Muddy" title="Waist Deep in the Big Muddy">Waist Deep in the Big Muddy</a>", about a <a href="/wiki/Captain_(land)" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain (land)">captain</a>—referred to in the lyrics as "the big fool"—who drowned while leading a platoon on maneuvers in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> during World War II. With its lyrics about a platoon being led into danger by an ignorant captain, the song's anti-war message was obvious—the line "the big fool said to push on" is repeated several times.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the face of arguments with the management of <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> about whether the song's political weight was in keeping with the usually light-hearted entertainment of the <i><a href="/wiki/Smothers_Brothers_Comedy_Hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour">Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour</a></i>, the final lines were "Every time I read the paper/those old feelings come on/We are waist deep in the Big Muddy and the big fool says to push on." The lyrics could be interpreted as an allegory of Johnson as the "big fool" and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> as the foreseeable danger. Although the performance was cut from the September 1967 show,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after wide publicity,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was broadcast when Seeger appeared again on the Smothers' Brothers show on February 25, 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the November 15, 1969, <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_to_End_the_War_in_Vietnam" title="Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam">Vietnam Moratorium March</a> on Washington, DC, Seeger led 500,000 protesters in singing <a href="/wiki/John_Lennon" title="John Lennon">John Lennon</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Give_Peace_a_Chance" title="Give Peace a Chance">Give Peace a Chance</a>" as they rallied across from the White House. Seeger's voice carried over the crowd, interspersing phrases like "Are you listening, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a>?" between the <a href="/wiki/Refrain" title="Refrain">choruses</a> of protesters singing, "All we are saying ... is give peace a chance."<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the documentary film <i>The Power of Song</i>, Seeger mentions that he and his family visited the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Tuy%C3%AAn" title="Phạm Tuyên">Phạm Tuyên</a> composed "Let me hear your guitar, my U.S. friend" ("Gảy đàn lên hỡi người bạn Mỹ") as a tribute to Seeger's support for the DRV. When Seeger and his wife arrived at the airport, Phạm Tuyên greeted them and they sang the song together.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger-1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Pete_Seeger-1979.jpg/250px-Pete_Seeger-1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Pete_Seeger-1979.jpg/330px-Pete_Seeger-1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/35/Pete_Seeger-1979.jpg/500px-Pete_Seeger-1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption>Seeger in 1979</figcaption></figure> <p>Being a supporter of progressive labor unions, Seeger had supported <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sadlowski" title="Edward Sadlowski">Ed Sadlowski</a> in his bid for the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/United_Steelworkers_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United Steelworkers of America">United Steelworkers of America</a>. In 1977, Seeger appeared at a fundraiser in <a href="/wiki/Homestead,_Pennsylvania" title="Homestead, Pennsylvania">Homestead, Pennsylvania</a>. In 1978, Seeger joined American folk, blues, and jazz singer <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Dane" title="Barbara Dane">Barbara Dane</a> at a rally in New York for striking coal miners.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also headlined a benefit concert—with bluegrass artist <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Dickens" title="Hazel Dickens">Hazel Dickens</a>—for the striking coal miners of Stearns, Kentucky, at the Lisner Auditorium in Washington, D.C., on June 8, 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-Dickens_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dickens-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1979, he was honored with the <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs_Award" title="Eugene V. Debs Award">Eugene V. Debs Award</a> for Social Justice by the <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs_Foundation" title="Eugene V. Debs Foundation">Eugene V. Debs Foundation</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Terre_Haute,_Indiana" title="Terre Haute, Indiana">Terre Haute, Indiana</a>. </p><p>In 1980, Pete Seeger performed in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The performance was later released by Smithsonian Folkways as the album <i>Singalong Sanders Theater, 1980</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hudson_River_sloop_Clearwater">Hudson River sloop <i>Clearwater</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hudson River sloop Clearwater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sloop_Clearwater3_-_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sloop_Clearwater3_-_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/220px-Sloop_Clearwater3_-_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sloop_Clearwater3_-_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/330px-Sloop_Clearwater3_-_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Sloop_Clearwater3_-_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/440px-Sloop_Clearwater3_-_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3488" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption>Sloop <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Sloop_Clearwater" title="Hudson River Sloop Clearwater"><i>Clearwater</i></a> sailing up the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1966, Seeger and his wife Toshi founded the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Sloop_Clearwater" title="Hudson River Sloop Clearwater">Hudson River Sloop Clearwater</a>, a nonprofit organization based in <a href="/wiki/Beacon,_New_York" title="Beacon, New York">Beacon, New York</a>, that sought to protect the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> and surrounding wetlands and waterways through advocacy and public education. It constructed a floating ambassador for this environmental mission, the sloop <i>Clearwater</i>, and began an annual music and environmental festival, today known as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hudson_River_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Hudson River Revival">Great Hudson River Revival</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-upi.com_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upi.com-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reflection_on_support_for_Soviet_communism">Reflection on support for Soviet communism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Reflection on support for Soviet communism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1982, Seeger performed at a benefit concert for the <a href="/wiki/1982_demonstrations_in_Poland" title="1982 demonstrations in Poland">1982 demonstrations in Poland</a> against the Polish government. His biographer <a href="/wiki/David_King_Dunaway" title="David King Dunaway">David Dunaway</a> considers this the first public manifestation of Seeger's decades-long personal dislike of socialism in its Soviet form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008103_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008103-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1980s, Seeger also expressed disapproval of violent revolutions, remarking to an interviewer that he was really in favor of incremental change and that "the most lasting revolutions are those that take place over a period of time".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008103_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008103-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his autobiography <i>Where Have All the Flowers Gone</i> (1993, 1997, reissued in 2009), Seeger wrote, "Should I apologize for all this? I think so." He went on to put his thinking in context: </p> <blockquote><p>How could <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> have been stopped? <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Litvinov" title="Maxim Litvinov">Litvinov</a>, the Soviet delegate to the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> in '36, proposed a worldwide quarantine but got no takers. For more on those times check out pacifist <a href="/wiki/Dave_Dellinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Dellinger">Dave Dellinger</a>'s book, <i>From Yale to Jail ... </i><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At any rate, today I'll apologize for a number of things, such as thinking that Stalin was merely a "hard driver" and not a "supremely cruel misleader". I guess anyone who calls himself a Christian should be prepared to apologize for the <a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a>, the burning of heretics by Protestants, the slaughter of Jews and Muslims by <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a>. White people in the U.S.A. ought to apologize for <a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">stealing land from Native Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaving blacks</a>. Europeans could apologize for worldwide conquests, Mongolians for <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>. And supporters of <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> could apologize for his support of <a href="/wiki/Somoza_family" title="Somoza family">Somoza</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Southern White Democrats</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Franco Spain</a>, for putting <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_internment" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American internment">Japanese Americans in concentration camps</a>. Who should my granddaughter Moraya apologize to? She's part African, part European, part Chinese, part Japanese, part Native American. Let's look ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pete_Seeger_1.jpg/150px-Pete_Seeger_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pete_Seeger_1.jpg/225px-Pete_Seeger_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Pete_Seeger_1.jpg/300px-Pete_Seeger_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Seeger in 1999</figcaption></figure> <p>In a 1995 interview, however, he insisted that "I still call myself a communist, because communism is no more what Russia made of it than Christianity is what the churches make of it".<sup id="cite_ref-The_Old_Left_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Old_Left-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later years, as the aging Seeger began to garner awards and recognition for his lifelong activism, he also found himself criticized once again for his opinions and associations of the 1930s and 1940s. In 2006, <a href="/wiki/David_Boaz" title="David Boaz">David Boaz</a>—<a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a> and <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> commentator and president of the <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>—wrote an opinion piece in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, entitled "Stalin's Songbird", in which he excoriated <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> for lauding Seeger. He characterized Seeger as "someone with a longtime habit of following the party line" who had only "eventually" parted ways with the CPUSA. In support of this view, he quoted lines from the <a href="/wiki/Almanac_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Almanac Singers">Almanac Singers</a>' May 1941 <i>Songs for John Doe</i>, contrasting them darkly with lines supporting the war from <i>Dear Mr. President</i>, issued in 1942, after the United States and the Soviet Union had entered the war.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, in response to criticism from historian <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Radosh" title="Ronald Radosh">Ron Radosh</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Trotskyite" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotskyite">Trotskyist</a> who now writes for the conservative <i><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>,</i> Seeger wrote a song condemning Stalin, "Big Joe Blues":<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008422_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008422-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>I'm singing about old Joe, cruel Joe.<br /> He ruled with an iron hand.<br /> He put an end to the dreams<br /> Of so many in every land.<br /> He had a chance to make<br /> A brand new start for the human race.<br /> Instead he set it back<br /> Right in the same nasty place.<br /> I got the Big Joe Blues.<br /> Keep your mouth shut or you will die fast.<br /> I got the Big Joe Blues.<br /> Do this job, no questions asked.<br /> I got the Big Joe Blues.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>The song was accompanied by a letter to Radosh, in which Seeger stated, "I think you're right, I should have asked to see the <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">gulags</a> when I was in U.S.S.R. [in 1965]."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt1_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt1-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_work">Later work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Later work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger_%26_Kabir_Suman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Pete_Seeger_%26_Kabir_Suman.jpg/220px-Pete_Seeger_%26_Kabir_Suman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Pete_Seeger_%26_Kabir_Suman.jpg/330px-Pete_Seeger_%26_Kabir_Suman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c0/Pete_Seeger_%26_Kabir_Suman.jpg/440px-Pete_Seeger_%26_Kabir_Suman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Seeger (left), performing with <a href="/wiki/Kabir_Suman" title="Kabir Suman">Kabir Suman</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> in 1996</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/220px-Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/330px-Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg/440px-Pete_Seeger2_-_6-16-07_Photo_by_Anthony_Pepitone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption>Seeger at the <a href="/wiki/Clearwater_Festival" title="Clearwater Festival">Clearwater Festival</a> in June 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Seeger appears in the 1997 documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/An_Act_of_Conscience" title="An Act of Conscience">An Act of Conscience</a></i>, which was filmed between 1988 and 1995. In the film, Seeger joins a group of demonstrators protesting in support of <a href="/wiki/War_tax_resister" class="mw-redirect" title="War tax resister">war tax resisters</a> <a href="/wiki/Randy_Kehler" title="Randy Kehler">Randy Kehler</a> and Betsy Corner, whose home was seized by the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> (IRS) after the couple openly refused to pay their federal income taxes as a protest against war and military spending.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Pete Seeger was a participant in an anti-Iraq war protest.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 16, 2007, Pete Seeger, his sister <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Seeger" title="Peggy Seeger">Peggy</a>, his brothers <a href="/wiki/Mike_Seeger" title="Mike Seeger">Mike</a> and John, his wife Toshi, and other family members spoke and performed at a symposium and concert sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/American_Folklife_Center" title="American Folklife Center">American Folklife Center</a> in honor of the <a href="/wiki/Seeger_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Seeger family">Seeger family</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> in Washington, D.C.,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where Pete Seeger had been employed by the Archive of American Folk Song 67 years earlier. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Renehan_Seeger_March2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Renehan_Seeger_March2008.jpg/250px-Renehan_Seeger_March2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Renehan_Seeger_March2008.jpg/330px-Renehan_Seeger_March2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Renehan_Seeger_March2008.jpg/500px-Renehan_Seeger_March2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Pete Seeger (right), 88 years old, photographed in March 2008 with his friend, the writer and musician <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Renehan,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Edward J. Renehan, Jr.">Ed Renehan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In September 2008, <a href="/wiki/Appleseed_Recordings" title="Appleseed Recordings">Appleseed Recordings</a> released <i>At 89</i>, Seeger's first studio album in 12 years. On September 29, 2008, the 89-year-old singer-activist, once banned from commercial TV, made a rare national TV appearance on the <i><a href="/wiki/Late_Show_with_David_Letterman" title="Late Show with David Letterman">Late Show with David Letterman</a></i>, singing "Take It From Dr. King". </p><p>On January 18, 2009, Seeger and his grandson <a href="/wiki/Tao_Rodr%C3%ADguez-Seeger" title="Tao Rodríguez-Seeger">Tao Rodríguez-Seeger</a> joined <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> and the crowd in singing Woody Guthrie's "<a href="/wiki/This_Land_Is_Your_Land" title="This Land Is Your Land">This Land Is Your Land</a>" in the finale of Barack Obama's inaugural concert in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuscaloosa_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuscaloosa-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USAToday_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The performance was noteworthy for the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/This_Land_Is_Your_Land#Confirmation_of_two_other_verses" title="This Land Is Your Land">two verses</a> not often included in the song, one about a "private property" sign the narrator cheerfully ignores, and the other making a passing reference to a <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Depression</a>-era relief office. The former's final line, however, "This land was made for you and me", is modified to "That side was made for you and me".<sup id="cite_ref-Tuscaloosa_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuscaloosa-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the years, he lent his fame to support numerous environmental organizations, including South Jersey's Bayshore Center, the home of New Jersey's tall ship, the oyster schooner <i>A.J. Meerwald</i>. Seeger's benefit concerts helped raise funds for groups so they could continue to educate and spread environmental awareness.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 3, 2009, at the Clearwater Concert, dozens of musicians gathered in New York at <a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> to celebrate Seeger's 90th birthday (which was later televised on <a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Broadcasting Service">PBS</a> during the summer),<sup id="cite_ref-seeger90_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seeger90-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ranging from <a href="/wiki/Dave_Matthews" title="Dave Matthews">Dave Matthews</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Mellencamp" title="John Mellencamp">John Mellencamp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bragg" title="Billy Bragg">Billy Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Morello" title="Tom Morello">Tom Morello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Weissberg" title="Eric Weissberg">Eric Weissberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ani_DiFranco" title="Ani DiFranco">Ani DiFranco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGuinn" title="Roger McGuinn">Roger McGuinn</a> to <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baez" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richie_Havens" title="Richie Havens">Richie Havens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Shenandoah" title="Joanne Shenandoah">Joanne Shenandoah</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._Carlos_Nakai" title="R. Carlos Nakai">R. Carlos Nakai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Miller_(musician)" title="Bill Miller (musician)">Bill Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fire_Crow" title="Joseph Fire Crow">Joseph Fire Crow</a>, Margo Thunderbird, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Paxton" title="Tom Paxton">Tom Paxton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arlo_Guthrie" title="Arlo Guthrie">Arlo Guthrie</a>. Cuban singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Silvio Rodríguez">Silvio Rodríguez</a> was also invited to appear, but his visa was not approved in time by the United States government. Consistent with Seeger's longtime advocacy for environmental concerns, the proceeds from the event benefited the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Sloop_Clearwater" title="Hudson River Sloop Clearwater">Hudson River Sloop Clearwater</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-clearwater_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clearwater-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a non-profit organization founded by Seeger in 1966, to defend and restore the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Seeger's 90th birthday was also celebrated at <a href="/wiki/The_College_of_Staten_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="The College of Staten Island">The College of Staten Island</a> on May 4.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 19, 2009, Seeger made his first appearance at the 52nd Monterey Jazz Festival, which was particularly notable because the festival does not normally feature folk artists. </p><p>In 2010, still active at the age of 91, Seeger co-wrote and performed the song <i>"</i>God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You" with Lorre Wyatt, commenting on the <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill">Deepwater Horizon oil spill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A performance of the song by Seeger, Wyatt, and friends was recorded and filmed aboard the sloop <i>Clearwater</i> in August for a single and video produced by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barone" title="Richard Barone">Richard Barone</a> and Matthew Billy, released on election day, November 6, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Seeger11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pete_Seeger11.jpg/210px-Pete_Seeger11.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pete_Seeger11.jpg/315px-Pete_Seeger11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Pete_Seeger11.jpg/420px-Pete_Seeger11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVML_U6W9dc">Civil Rights History Project: Pete Seeger</a>, 57:42, <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><sup id="cite_ref-LOCcrhp_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOCcrhp-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On October 21, 2011, at age 92, Pete Seeger was part of a solidarity march with <a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a> to Columbus Circle in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The march began with Seeger and fellow musicians exiting Symphony Space (95th and Broadway), where they had performed as part of a benefit for Seeger's Clearwater organization. Thousands of people crowded Pete Seeger by the time they reached Columbus Circle, where he performed with his grandson, <a href="/wiki/Tao_Rodr%C3%ADguez-Seeger" title="Tao Rodríguez-Seeger">Tao Rodríguez-Seeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arlo_Guthrie" title="Arlo Guthrie">Arlo Guthrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Amram" title="David Amram">David Amram</a>, and other celebrated musicians.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event, promoted under the name OccupyTheCircle, was livestreamed, and was dubbed by some "the Pete Seeger March". </p><p>In January 2012, Seeger joined the Rivertown Kids in paying tribute to his friend Bob Dylan, performing Dylan's "<a href="/wiki/Forever_Young_(Bob_Dylan_song)" title="Forever Young (Bob Dylan song)">Forever Young</a>" on the <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> album <i><a href="/wiki/Chimes_of_Freedom_(album)" title="Chimes of Freedom (album)">Chimes of Freedom</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Forever_Young_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forever_Young-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This song, Seeger's last single, marked Seeger's only music video, which went viral in the wake of his death two years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Forever_Young_video_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forever_Young_video-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 14, 2012, Seeger performed, along with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Browne" title="Jackson Browne">Jackson Browne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Common</a>, and others, at a concert to bring awareness to the 37-year-long ordeal of Native American activist <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Peltier" title="Leonard Peltier">Leonard Peltier</a>. The concert was held at the <a href="/wiki/Beacon_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Beacon Theatre (New York City)">Beacon Theatre</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 9, 2013, Hachette Audio Books issued an audiobook entitled <i>Pete Seeger: The Storm King; Stories, Narratives, Poems</i>. This two-CD spoken-word work was conceived of and produced by noted percussionist <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jeff-haynes-mn0000316957">Jeff Haynes</a> and presents Pete Seeger telling the stories of his life against a background of music performed by more than 40 musicians of varied genres.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The launch of the audiobook was held at the <a href="/wiki/Dia:Beacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dia:Beacon">Dia:Beacon</a> on April 11, 2013, to an enthusiastic audience of around two hundred people, and featured many of the musicians from the project (among them <a href="/wiki/Samite_(musician)" title="Samite (musician)">Samite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dar_Williams" title="Dar Williams">Dar Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Eggar" title="Dave Eggar">Dave Eggar</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203084126/http://www.fieldrecorder.com/docs/notes/stearnsbio.htm">Richie Stearns</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Horse_Flies" title="The Horse Flies">the Horse Flies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natalie_Merchant" title="Natalie Merchant">Natalie Merchant</a>) performing live under the direction of producer and percussionist <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jeff-haynes-mn0000316957">Haynes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 9, 2013, one month widowed, Seeger was in New York City for the 400-year commemoration of the <a href="/wiki/Two_Row_Wampum_Treaty" title="Two Row Wampum Treaty">Two Row Wampum Treaty</a> between the Iroquois and the Dutch. On an interview he gave that day to <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a>, Seeger sang "I Come and Stand at Every Door", as it was also the 68th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">bombing of Nagasaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 21, 2013, Seeger performed at <a href="/wiki/Farm_Aid" title="Farm Aid">Farm Aid</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Performing_Arts_Center" title="Saratoga Performing Arts Center">Saratoga Performing Arts Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Springs,_New_York" title="Saratoga Springs, New York">Saratoga Springs, New York</a>. Joined by Wille Nelson, Neil Young, John Mellencamp, and Dave Matthews, he sang "This Land Is Your Land",<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and included a verse he said he had written specifically for the Farm Aid concert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pete_Seeger" title="Special:EditPage/Pete Seeger">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pete+Seeger%22">"Pete Seeger"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pete+Seeger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pete+Seeger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pete+Seeger%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pete+Seeger%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pete+Seeger%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1943, Seeger married <a href="/wiki/Toshi_Seeger" title="Toshi Seeger">Toshi Aline Ohta</a>, whom he credited with being the support that helped make the rest of his life possible. The couple remained married until Toshi's death in July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-wife_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wife-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first child, Peter Ōta Seeger, was born in 1944 and died at six months while Seeger was deployed overseas; Seeger never saw him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008131_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008131-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They went on to have three more children: Daniel (an accomplished photographer and filmmaker), <a href="/wiki/Mika_Seeger" title="Mika Seeger">Mika</a> (a potter and muralist), and Tinya (a potter), as well as grandchildren <a href="/wiki/Tao_Rodr%C3%ADguez-Seeger" title="Tao Rodríguez-Seeger">Tao Rodríguez-Seeger</a> (a musician), Cassie (an artist), Kitama Cahill-Jackson (a psychotherapist), Moraya (a marriage and family therapist married to the former NFL player <a href="/wiki/Chris_DeGeare" title="Chris DeGeare">Chris DeGeare</a>), Penny, and Isabelle, and great-grandchildren Dio and Gabel. Tao, a folk musician in his own right, sings and plays guitar, banjo, and harmonica with the <a href="/wiki/The_Mammals" title="The Mammals">Mammals</a>. Kitama Jackson is a documentary filmmaker who was associate producer of the 2007 <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger:_The_Power_of_Song" title="Pete Seeger: The Power of Song">Pete Seeger: The Power of Song</a></i>. </p><p>When asked by <a href="/wiki/Beliefnet" title="Beliefnet">Beliefnet</a> about his religious or spiritual beliefs, and his definition of God, Seeger replied: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Nobody knows for sure. But people undoubtedly get feelings which are not explainable and they feel they're talking to God or they're talking to their parents who are long dead. I feel most spiritual when I'm out in the woods. I feel part of nature. Or looking up at the stars. [I used to say] I was an atheist. Now I say, it's all according to your definition of God. According to my definition of God, I'm not an atheist. Because I think God is everything. Whenever I open my eyes I'm looking at God. Whenever I'm listening to something I'm listening to God. I've had preachers of the gospel, Presbyterians and Methodists, saying, "Pete, I feel that you are a very spiritual person". And maybe I am. I feel strongly that I'm trying to raise people's spirits to get together. ... I tell people I don't think God is an old white man with a long white beard and no navel; nor do I think God is an old black woman with white hair and no navel. But I think God is literally everything, because I don't believe that something can come out of nothing. And so there's always been something. Always is a long time.</p></blockquote> <p>He was a member of a <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalist Church</a> in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeger lived in <a href="/wiki/Beacon,_New_York" title="Beacon, New York">Beacon, New York</a>. He and Toshi purchased their land in 1949 and lived there first in a trailer, then in a log cabin they built themselves. He remained engaged politically and maintained an active lifestyle in the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a> region of New York throughout his life. For years during the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, Seeger maintained a weekly protest vigil alongside Route 9 in <a href="/wiki/Wappingers_Falls" class="mw-redirect" title="Wappingers Falls">Wappingers Falls</a>, near his home. He told a <i>New York Times</i> reporter that "working for peace was like adding sand to a basket on one side of a large scale, trying to tip it one way despite enormous weight on the opposite side." He went on to say, "Some of us try to add more sand by teaspoons ... It's leaking out as fast as it goes in and they're all laughing at us. But we're still getting people with teaspoons. I get letters from people saying, 'I'm still on the teaspoon brigade.'"<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toshi died in Beacon on July 9, 2013, at the age of 91,<sup id="cite_ref-wife_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wife-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkinson_article-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Seeger died at New York–Presbyterian Hospital in New York City on January 27, 2014, at the age of 94.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTdeath_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTdeath-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Response and reaction to Seeger's death quickly poured in. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> noted that Seeger had been called "America's tuning fork"<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that he believed in "the power of song" to bring social change, "Over the years, Pete used his voice and his hammer to strike blows for workers' rights and civil rights; world peace and environmental conservation, and he always invited us to sing along. For reminding us where we come from and showing us where we need to go, we will always be grateful to Pete Seeger."<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folksinger and fellow activist <a href="/wiki/Billy_Bragg" title="Billy Bragg">Billy Bragg</a> wrote that "Pete believed that music could make a difference. Not change the world, he never claimed that – he once said that if music could change the world he'd only be making music – but he believed that while music didn't have agency, it did have the power to make a difference."<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> said of Seeger's death, "I lost a great friend and a great hero last night, Pete Seeger," before performing "We Shall Overcome" while on tour in South Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Not all responses to Seeger's passing were complimentary. Michael Moynihan of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a></i> wrote an obituary entitled "The Death of 'Stalin's Songbird'" and included these remarks:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Along with countless other sensible people, I have often bristled at the mindless deification of Pete Seeger, the nonagenarian folk singer who died yesterday at age 94...we all remember good-but-overpraised songs like "If I Had a Hammer" and the treacly classic "Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" But as the encomiums threaten to overwhelm, it's important to remember that Seeger, once an avowed Stalinist, was a political singer once devoted to a sinister political system—a position he held long after the Soviet experiment drenched itself in blood and collapsed in ignominy.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tributes">Tributes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tributes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External audio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="audio icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nuvola_apps_arts.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_arts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/958461934">“Fresh Air with Terry Gross, January 28, 2014: Obituary for Pete Seeger"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fresh_Air_with_Terry_Gross" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresh Air with Terry Gross">Fresh Air with Terry Gross</a>. Scroll down to 'View online' to hear the audio interview.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>A proposal was made in 2009 to name the <a href="/wiki/Walkway_Over_the_Hudson" class="mw-redirect" title="Walkway Over the Hudson">Walkway Over the Hudson</a> in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A posthumous suggestion that Seeger's name be applied to the <a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement">replacement Tappan Zee Bridge</a> being built over the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> was made by a local town supervisor.<sup id="cite_ref-upi.com_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-upi.com-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeger's boat, the <a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">sloop</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Sloop_Clearwater" title="Hudson River Sloop Clearwater">Clearwater</a></i>, is based at <a href="/wiki/Beacon,_New_York" title="Beacon, New York">Beacon, New York</a>, just upriver from the bridge and frequently sails down to Manhattan to continuing spreading Seeger's message and music.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakwood_Friends_School" title="Oakwood Friends School">Oakwood Friends School</a>, located in Poughkeepsie New York, not far from Seeger's home, performed "<a href="/wiki/Where_Have_All_the_Flowers_Gone%3F" title="Where Have All the Flowers Gone?">Where Have All the Flowers Gone?</a>" at one of their worship meetings. The collaboration was with three teachers (playing guitar and vocals) as well as a student harmonica player and a student vocalist.</li> <li>A free five-day memorial called Seeger Fest took place on July 17–21, 2014, featuring Judy Collins, Peter Yarrow, Harry Belafonte, Anti-Flag, Michael Glabicki of Rusted Root, Steve Earle, Holly Near, Fred Hellerman, Guy Davis, DJ Logic, Paul Winter Consort, Dar Williams, DJ Kool Herc, The Rappers Delight Experience, Tiokasin Ghosthorse, David Amram, Mike + Ruthy, Tom Chapin, James Maddock, The Chapin Sisters, Rebel Diaz, Sarah Lee Guthrie & Johnny Irion, Elizabeth Mitchell, Emma's Revolution, Toni Blackman, Kim & Reggie Harris, Magpie, Abrazos Orchestra, Nyraine, George Wein, The Vanaver Caravan, White Tiger Society, Lorre Wyatt, AKIR, Adira & Alana Amram, Aurora Barnes, The Owens Brothers, The Tony Lee Thomas Band, Jay Ungar & Molly Mason, New York City Labor Chorus, Roland Moussa, Roots Revelators, Kristen Graves, Bob Reid, Hudson River Sloop Singers, Walkabout Clearwater Chorus, Betty & The baby Boomers, Work O' The Weavers, Jacob Bernz * Sarah Armour, and Amanda Palmer.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2006, thirteen folk music songs made popular by Pete Seeger were reinterpreted by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> on his fourteenth studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome:_The_Seeger_Sessions" title="We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions">We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions</a></i>.</li> <li>In 2014, Wepecket Island Records recorded a Pete Seeger tribute album called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wepecket.ipower.com/WI026%20Notes.htm"><i>For Pete's Sake</i></a>.</li> <li>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Kronos_Quartet" title="Kronos Quartet">Kronos Quartet</a> released <a href="/wiki/Long_Time_Passing" title="Long Time Passing">Long Time Passing</a>, an album of all new arrangements of Pete Seeger's music commissioned by the FreshGrass Foundation and released on <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Folkways" title="Smithsonian Folkways">Smithsonian Folkways</a>.</li> <li>On July 21, 2022, the United States Postal Service issued a Pete Seeger <a href="/wiki/Non-denominated_postage#Forever_stamps" title="Non-denominated postage">"Forever"</a> stamp. The stamp is based on a photograph of Seeger playing a long neck banjo, taken by Seeger's son Daniel some time in the early 1960s. It's a commemorative in the Music Icons series, with a print quantity of 22,000,000.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seeger received many awards and recognitions throughout his career, including: </p> <ul><li>Induction into the <a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> (1972)<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a> Award (1979)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Letelier-Moffitt_Human_Rights_Award" title="Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award">Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award</a> (1986)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award" title="Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award">Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award</a> (1993)<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> from the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honor</a> (1994)</li> <li>The Harvard Arts Medal (1996)</li> <li>The James Smithson Bicentennial Medal (1996)<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Induction into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Traditional_Folk_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album">Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album</a> of 1996 for his record <i>Pete</i> (1997)</li> <li>The Felix Varela Medal, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>'s highest honor for "his humanistic and artistic work in defense of the environment and against racism" (1999)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Family_Book_Award" title="Schneider Family Book Award">Schneider Family Book Award</a> for his children's picture book <i>The Deaf Musicians</i>. (2007)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mid-Hudson_Civic_Center" title="Mid-Hudson Civic Center">Mid-Hudson Civic Center</a> Hall of Fame (2008)- Seeger and Arlo Guthrie performed the first public concert at the Poughkeepsie, New York not-for-profit family entertainment venue, close to Seeger's home, in 1976. Grandson Tao Rodríguez-Seeger accepted the Hall of Fame plaque on behalf of his grandfather.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Traditional_Folk_Album" title="Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album">Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk Album</a> of 2008 for his record <i>At 89</i> (2009)</li> <li>The Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his commitment to peace and social justice as a musician, songwriter, activist, and environmentalist that spans over sixty years. (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dorothy_and_Lillian_Gish_Prize" title="The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize">The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children" title="Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children">Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children</a> of 2010 for his record album <i>Tomorrow's Children</i> with the Rivertown Kids and Friends (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Peabody_Medal" title="George Peabody Medal">George Peabody Medal</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album</a> of 2013 nomination for <i>Pete Seeger: The Storm King; Stories, Narratives, Poems</i> (2014)<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a> Prize (2014) (inaugural recipient)<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_discography">Selected discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Selected discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger_discography" title="Pete Seeger discography">Pete Seeger discography</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Folk_Songs_for_Children" title="American Folk Songs for Children">American Folk Songs for Children</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i>Birds, Beasts, Bugs, and Little Fishes</i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Industrial_Ballads" title="American Industrial Ballads">American Industrial Ballads</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Favorite_Ballads,_Vol._2" title="American Favorite Ballads, Vol. 2">American Favorite Ballads, Vol. 2</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazette,_Vol._1" title="Gazette, Vol. 1">Gazette, Vol. 1</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleep-Time:_Songs_%26_Stories" title="Sleep-Time: Songs & Stories">Sleep-Time: Songs & Stories</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_Grass" title="God Bless the Grass">God Bless the Grass</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Songs!%3F" title="Dangerous Songs!?">Dangerous Songs!?</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Race" title="Rainbow Race">Rainbow Race</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Folk_Songs_for_Children" title="American Folk Songs for Children">American Folk Songs for Children</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_89" title="At 89">At 89</a></i> (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-discography1_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discography1-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discography2_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discography2-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banjo_players" title="List of banjo players">List of banjo players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Winslow" title="Tom Winslow">Tom Winslow</a> – Clearwater singer and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Boys" title="Union Boys">Union Boys</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDreier2012" class="citation web cs1">Dreier, Peter (November 14, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/honor-pete-seeger_b_1883818">"Honor Pete Seeger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 13,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Honor+Pete+Seeger&rft.date=2012-11-14&rft.aulast=Dreier&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fhonor-pete-seeger_b_1883818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDunaway2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_King_Dunaway" title="David King Dunaway">Dunaway, David King</a> (2008) [1981]. <i>How Can I Keep From Singing: The Ballad of Pete Seeger</i>. New York: Villard Books. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0345506085" title="Special:BookSources/978-0345506085"><bdi>978-0345506085</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Can+I+Keep+From+Singing%3A+The+Ballad+of+Pete+Seeger&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Villard+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0345506085&rft.aulast=Dunaway&rft.aufirst=David+King&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPescatello1992" class="citation book cs1">Pescatello, Ann M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlesseegerlif00pesc/page/4/mode/2up"><i>Charles Seeger: A Life in American Music</i></a>. University of Pittsburgh. pp. <span class="nowrap">4–</span>5 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Seeger%3A+A+Life+in+American+Music&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Pescatello&rft.aufirst=Ann+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcharlesseegerlif00pesc%2Fpage%2F4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pc1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1968" class="citation web cs1">Gilliland, John (February 14, 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1692108/?q=Pete%20Seeger">"Pop Chronicles Interviews #104 - Pete Seeger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pop_Chronicles" title="Pop Chronicles">Pop Chronicles</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pop+Chronicles&rft.atitle=Pop+Chronicles+Interviews+%23104+-+Pete+Seeger&rft.date=1968-02-14&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fark%3A%2F67531%2Fmetadc1692108%2F%3Fq%3DPete%2520Seeger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwed2014" class="citation news cs1">Swed, Mark (February 6, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-pete-seeger-appreciation-20140209-story.html">"Behind Pete Seeger, a formative father and mother"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Behind+Pete+Seeger%2C+a+formative+father+and+mother&rft.date=2014-02-06&rft.aulast=Swed&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Farts%2Fculture%2Fla-et-cm-pete-seeger-appreciation-20140209-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200820-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200820_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Dunaway, the British-born president of the university "all but fired" Charles Seeger (<i>How Can I Keep From Singing</i>, p. 26).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPescatello199283–85-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPescatello199283–85_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPescatello1992">Pescatello 1992</a>, pp. 83–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETick1997130-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETick1997130_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTick1997">Tick 1997</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilkinson_article-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilkinson_article_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Wilkinson, Alec (April 9, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/17/the-protest-singer">"The Protest Singer: Pete Seeger and American folk music"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">44–</span>53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Protest+Singer%3A+Pete+Seeger+and+American+folk+music&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2006-04-09&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2006%2F04%2F17%2Fthe-protest-singer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200943-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson200943_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2009">Wilkinson 2009</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200832-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200832_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200832_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Judith_Tick" title="Judith Tick">Judith Tick</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xwLTDOR8LUYC"><i>Ruth Crawford Seeger: a Composer's Search for American Music</i> (1997).</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230511214404/https://books.google.com/books?id=xwLTDOR8LUYC">Archived</a> May 11, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peggyseeger.com/ruth-crawford-seeger/ruth-crawford-seeger-biography">"David Lewis, <i>Ruth Crawford Seeger Biography in 600 Words</i> on website of her daughter, Peggy Seeger"</a>. Peggyseeger.com. February 14, 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120806133026/http://www.peggyseeger.com/ruth-crawford-seeger/ruth-crawford-seeger-biography">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Lewis%2C+Ruth+Crawford+Seeger+Biography+in+600+Words+on+website+of+her+daughter%2C+Peggy+Seeger&rft.pub=Peggyseeger.com&rft.date=2005-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peggyseeger.com%2Fruth-crawford-seeger%2Fruth-crawford-seeger-biography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Judith_Tick" title="Judith Tick">Judith Tick</a>, Charles was fired from his job at Juilliard because Frank Damrosch sided with Constance in the Seeger divorce. <i>Ruth Crawford Seeger</i>, pp. 224–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200822,_24-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200822,_24_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, pp. 22, 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinkler20094-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinkler20094_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWinkler2009">Winkler 2009</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerger2015" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Joseph (September 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/07/nyregion/shaped-by-camp-alumni-fight-to-prevent-its-move.html">"Shaped by Camp, Alumni Fight to Prevent Its Move"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Shaped+by+Camp%2C+Alumni+Fight+to+Prevent+Its+Move&rft.date=2015-09-06&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F07%2Fnyregion%2Fshaped-by-camp-alumni-fight-to-prevent-its-move.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peteseegersite.wordpress.com/2010/01/18/john-seeger-dies-at-95/">"John Seeger Dies at 95"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WordPress.com" title="WordPress.com">WordPress.com</a></i>. January 18, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417232441/https://peteseegersite.wordpress.com/2010/01/18/john-seeger-dies-at-95/">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WordPress.com&rft.atitle=John+Seeger+Dies+at+95&rft.date=2010-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeteseegersite.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F01%2F18%2Fjohn-seeger-dies-at-95%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folkmusicworldwide.com/pete-seeger.html">"PETE SEEGER - Folk Music Worldwide, 1963 Interview"</a>. <i>www.folkmusicworldwide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.folkmusicworldwide.com&rft.atitle=PETE+SEEGER+-+Folk+Music+Worldwide%2C+1963+Interview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.folkmusicworldwide.com%2Fpete-seeger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200848–49-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200848–49_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, pp. 48–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETick1997239-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETick1997239_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTick1997">Tick 1997</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200849–51-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200849–51_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, pp. 49–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Judith Tick, <i>Ruth Crawford Seeger</i>, p. 235. According to John Szwed, Jackson Pollock, later famous for his "drip" paintings, played harmonica, having smashed his violin in frustration, see: <i>Alan Lomax: The Man Who Recorded the World</i> (Viking, 2010), p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2006">Wilkinson 2006</a>, p. 51. Seeger reportedly lost his Harvard scholarship after failing one of his winter exams.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway200861–63-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway200861–63_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, pp. 61–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Emery, Lawrence, "Interesting Summer: Young Puppeteers in Unique Tour of Rural Areas", quoted on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060919131726/http://www.peteseeger.net/DW10021939.htm">Pete Seeger website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The resultant 22-page <a href="/wiki/Mimeograph" title="Mimeograph">mimeographed</a> "List of American Folk Music on Commercial Recordings", issued in 1940 and mailed by Lomax out to academic folklore scholars, became the basis of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Everett_Smith" title="Harry Everett Smith">Harry Smith's</a> celebrated <i><a href="/wiki/Anthology_of_American_Folk_Music" title="Anthology of American Folk Music">Anthology of American Folk Music</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/Folkways_Records" title="Folkways Records">Folkways Records</a>. Seeger also did similar work for Lomax at <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca</a> in the late 1940s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204075941/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851095,00.html">Folk Songs in the White House</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, March 3, 1941</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">From the <i>Washington Post</i>, February 12, 1944: "The Labor Canteen, sponsored by the United Federal Workers of America, CIO, will be opened at 8 p.m. tomorrow at 1212 18th st. nw. Mrs. Roosevelt is expected to attend at 8:30 p.m."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://army.togetherweserved.com/army/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=ShadowBoxProfile&type=Person&ID=279850">"Seeger, Pete, Cpl"</a>. <i>army.togetherweserved.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116132431/https://army.togetherweserved.com/army/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=ShadowBoxProfile&type=Person&ID=279850">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=army.togetherweserved.com&rft.atitle=Seeger%2C+Pete%2C+Cpl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmy.togetherweserved.com%2Farmy%2Fservlet%2Ftws.webapp.WebApp%3Fcmd%3DShadowBoxProfile%26type%3DPerson%26ID%3D279850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billboard_article-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard_article_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Billboard_article_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/military-fbi-woody-guthrie-pete-seeger-wartime-world-war-two-6813894/">"Military Questioned Woody Guthrie About Pete Seeger's Wartime Loyalty During WWII"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. December 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Military+Questioned+Woody+Guthrie+About+Pete+Seeger%27s+Wartime+Loyalty+During+WWII&rft.date=2015-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fmusic%2Fmusic-news%2Fmilitary-fbi-woody-guthrie-pete-seeger-wartime-world-war-two-6813894%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMinzesheimer2014" class="citation web cs1">Minzesheimer, Bob (January 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/01/28/pete-seeger-obit-appreciation/4781403/">"Pete Seeger taught America to sing, and think"</a>. <i>USA TODAY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+TODAY&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+taught+America+to+sing%2C+and+think&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft.aulast=Minzesheimer&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmusic%2F2014%2F01%2F28%2Fpete-seeger-obit-appreciation%2F4781403%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReineke2023" class="citation book cs1">Reineke, Hank (2023). <i>Rising Son: The Life and Music of Arlo Guthrie</i>. American Popular Music. Vol. 10. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806193588" title="Special:BookSources/9780806193588"><bdi>9780806193588</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rising+Son%3A+The+Life+and+Music+of+Arlo+Guthrie&rft.series=American+Popular+Music&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9780806193588&rft.aulast=Reineke&rft.aufirst=Hank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilkinson2009">Wilkinson 2009</a>, pp. 116–117: Seeger later commented, "Innocently I became a member of the Communist Party, and when they said fight for peace, I did, and when they said fight Hitler, I did. I got out in '49, though. ... I should have left much earlier. It was stupid of me not to. My father had got out in '38, when he read the testimony of the trials in Moscow, and he could tell they were forced confessions. We never talked about it, though, and I didn't examine closely enough what was going on. ... I thought Stalin was the brave secretary Stalin, and had no idea how cruel a leader he was."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDallek1995" class="citation book cs1">Dallek, Robert (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xTKvo-cXv3EC&q=Roosevelt+refusal+to+aid+Loyalist+Spain+mistake"><i>"'Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932–1945"'<span></span></i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199826667" title="Special:BookSources/9780199826667"><bdi>9780199826667</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202002332/https://books.google.com/books?id=xTKvo-cXv3EC&q=Roosevelt+refusal+to+aid+Loyalist+Spain+mistake#v=snippet&q=Roosevelt%20refusal%20to%20aid%20Loyalist%20Spain%20mistake&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22%27Franklin+D.+Roosevelt+and+American+Foreign+Policy%2C+1932%E2%80%931945%22%27&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780199826667&rft.aulast=Dallek&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxTKvo-cXv3EC%26q%3DRoosevelt%2Brefusal%2Bto%2Baid%2BLoyalist%2BSpain%2Bmistake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peteseeger.net/poison.htm">"The Poison in Our System" (excerpt from the <i>Atlantic Monthly</i>) by Carl Joachim Friedrich</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603002452/http://www.peteseeger.net/poison.htm">Archived</a> June 3, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Note: Dunaway misses the significance of military propagandist Carl Joachim Friedrich, when he mistakenly refers to him as "Karl Frederick," an error other writers who relied on Dunaway repeated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedrich's review concluded: "The three records sell for one dollar and you are asked to 'play them in your home, play them in your union hall, take them back to your people.' Probably some of these songs fall under the criminal provisions of the Selective Service Act, and to that extent it is a matter for the Attorney-General. But you never can handle situations of this kind democratically by mere suppression. Unless civic groups and individuals will make a determined effort to counteract such appeals by equally effective methods, democratic morale will decline." Upon United States entry into the war in 1942, Friedrich became chairman of the Executive Committee of the Council for Democracy, charged with combatting isolationism, and had his <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peteseeger.net/poison.htm">article on the Almanacs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603002452/http://www.peteseeger.net/poison.htm">Archived</a> June 3, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> reprinted as one of several pamphlets which he sent to radio network executives.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although the Almanacs were accused – both at the time and in subsequent histories – of reversing their attitudes in response to the CPUSA's new party line, "Seeger has pointed out that virtually all progressives reversed course and supported the war. He insists that no one, Communist Party or otherwise, told the Almanacs to change their songs. (Seeger interview with [Richard A.] Reuss 4/9/68)" quoted in William G. Roy, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/0/8/1/2/pages108124/p108124-1.php">"Who Shall Not Be Moved? Folk Music, Community and Race in the American The Communist Party and the Highlander School," ff p. 16</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090302214224/http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/0/8/1/2/pages108124/p108124-1.php">Archived</a> March 2, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blanche Wiessen Cook, <i>Eisenhower Declassified</i> (Doubleday, 1981), page 122. "The Council was a limited affair," Cook writes, "... that served mostly to highlight Jackson's talents as a propagandist."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">People's Songs Inc. People's Songs Newsletter No 1. February 1946. <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_School_of_Folk_Music" title="Old Town School of Folk Music">Old Town School of Folk Music</a> Resource center collection.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Masters: "Pete Seeger: The Power of Song – <a href="/wiki/KQED_(TV)" title="KQED (TV)">KQED</a> Broadcast 2-27-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Wikipedia entry on the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">CIO</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingram, David. "The Jukebox in the Garden: Ecocriticism and American Popular Music Since 1960." <i>Humanities Source</i>. 2010 Vol. 7. Retrieved October 14, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008100-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008100_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/guano/114357902/in/photostream/">"Pete Seeger's banjo"</a>. Flickr. March 18, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322184319/http://www.flickr.com/photos/guano/114357902/in/photostream/">Archived</a> from the original on March 22, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pete+Seeger%27s+banjo&rft.pub=Flickr&rft.date=2006-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fguano%2F114357902%2Fin%2Fphotostream%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913142102/http://www.acousticguitar.com/issues/ag115/gear115.html">"Acoustic Guitar Central"</a>. Acousticguitar.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acousticguitar.com/issues/ag115/gear115.html">the original</a> on September 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acoustic+Guitar+Central&rft.pub=Acousticguitar.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acousticguitar.com%2Fissues%2Fag115%2Fgear115.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-powersong-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-powersong_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-powersong_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/seeger_p.html">"Pete Seeger: The Power of Song"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080824145940/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/seeger_p.html">Archived</a> August 24, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – PBS American Masters, February 27, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080212011235/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/database/seeger_interview/index.html">Pete Seeger Interview</a> PBS American Masters.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pete Seeger to the House Un-American Activities Committee, August 18, 1955. Quoted, along with some other exchanges from that hearing, in Wilkinson, "The Protest Singer" (2006), p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Congress_-_House_Committee_on_Un-American_Activities1955" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">United States Congress - House Committee on Un-American Activities (August 17–18, 1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/investigationofc557unit"><i>Investigation of Communist Activities, New York Area— Part VII (Entertainment)</i></a>. Hearings Before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eighty-Fourth Congress, First Session, August 17 and 18, 1955. Vol. pt. 7. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. pp. Testimony of Peter Seeger, pp. 2447–2459.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Investigation+of+Communist+Activities%2C+New+York+Area%E2%80%94+Part+VII+%28Entertainment%29&rft.series=Hearings+Before+the+Committee+on+Un-American+Activities%2C+House+of+Representatives%2C+Eighty-Fourth+Congress%2C+First+Session%2C+August+17+and+18%2C+1955&rft.pages=Testimony+of+Peter+Seeger%2C+pp.+2447-2459&rft.pub=Washington%2C+U.S.+Govt.+Print.+Off.&rft.date=1955-08-17%2F1955-08-18&rft.au=United+States+Congress+-+House+Committee+on+Un-American+Activities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finvestigationofc557unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNavasky1980" class="citation book cs1">Navasky, Victor S. (1980). <i>Naming Names</i>. New York: Viking. p. 421. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0670503932" title="Special:BookSources/0670503932"><bdi>0670503932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naming+Names&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0670503932&rft.aulast=Navasky&rft.aufirst=Victor+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span> Seeger later explained to Navasky: "Look, the Fifth means they can't ask <i>me</i>, the First means they can't ask anybody."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12619416914263979951"><i>United States v. Seeger</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803003141/https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=12619416914263979951">Archived</a> August 3, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 303 F. 2d 478 (2d Cir. 1962).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SignOnSD-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SignOnSD_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDillon" class="citation web cs1">Dillon, Raquel Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/feb/11/pete-seeger-apology-021109/?zIndex=51324">"School board offers apology to singer Pete Seeger"</a>. <i>Sign on San Diego</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628201001/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/feb/11/pete-seeger-apology-021109/?zIndex=51324">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sign+on+San+Diego&rft.atitle=School+board+offers+apology+to+singer+Pete+Seeger&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Raquel+Maria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signonsandiego.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2Ffeb%2F11%2Fpete-seeger-apology-021109%2F%3FzIndex%3D51324&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/caerphilly/pages/bellsofrhymney.shtml">"BBC News – South East Wales"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090210115704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/caerphilly/pages/bellsofrhymney.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+South+East+Wales&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Fsoutheast%2Fsites%2Fcaerphilly%2Fpages%2Fbellsofrhymney.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whitehead, John. "Pete Seeger: Changing the World One Song at a Time." <i>Waxahachie Daily Light</i>. May 30, 2013. Rutherford Institute. Accessed on October 14, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBriley2006" class="citation journal cs1">Briley, Ronald (2006). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Woody Sez": Woody Guthrie, the "People's Daily World," and Indigenous Radicalism". <i>California History</i>. <b>84</b> (1): 34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25161857">10.2307/25161857</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0162-2897">0162-2897</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161857">25161857</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+History&rft.atitle=%22Woody+Sez%22%3A+Woody+Guthrie%2C+the+%22People%27s+Daily+World%2C%22+and+Indigenous+Radicalism&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=34&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=0162-2897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25161857%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F25161857&rft.aulast=Briley&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008285-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008285_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top100singles.net/2013/02/every-amr-top-100-single-in-1964.html#show">"Every AMR Top 100 Single in 1964"</a>. Top 100 Singles. February 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Every+AMR+Top+100+Single+in+1964&rft.pub=Top+100+Singles&rft.date=2013-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top100singles.net%2F2013%2F02%2Fevery-amr-top-100-single-in-1964.html%23show&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span> "Little Boxes" was Seeger's only solo tune to make the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, reaching #70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith2018" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Graeme (January 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lens.monash.edu/@politics-society/2018/01/25/1302413/how-folk-music-went-from-daggy-to-cool">"How folk music went from daggy to cool"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+folk+music+went+from+daggy+to+cool&rft.pub=Monash+University&rft.date=2018-01-25&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flens.monash.edu%2F%40politics-society%2F2018%2F01%2F25%2F1302413%2Fhow-folk-music-went-from-daggy-to-cool&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dangerously Funny: The Uncensored Story of the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour</i>, by David Bianculli, Touchstone, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120912091020/http://www.peteseeger.net/songwriter_magazine.htm">"Songwriter – Pete Seeger and Writing For Freedom"</a>. Peteseeger.net. July 28, 1976. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peteseeger.net/songwriter_magazine.htm">the original</a> on September 12, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Songwriter+%E2%80%93+Pete+Seeger+and+Writing+For+Freedom&rft.pub=Peteseeger.net&rft.date=1976-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteseeger.net%2Fsongwriter_magazine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurton2011" class="citation news cs1">Turton, Michael (August 14, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://highlandscurrent.org/2011/08/14/surprise-lake-camp-rich-history-big-presence/">"Surprise Lake Camp: Rich History, Big Presence"</a>. <i>Highlands Current</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200926080456/https://highlandscurrent.org/2011/08/14/surprise-lake-camp-rich-history-big-presence/">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Highlands+Current&rft.atitle=Surprise+Lake+Camp%3A+Rich+History%2C+Big+Presence&rft.date=2011-08-14&rft.aulast=Turton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhighlandscurrent.org%2F2011%2F08%2F14%2Fsurprise-lake-camp-rich-history-big-presence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBank2014" class="citation news cs1">Bank, Justin (January 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/style-blog/wp/2014/01/28/pete-seeger-neil-diamond-and-me/?wp_login_redirect=0">"Pete Seeger, Neil Diamond and me"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223091732/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/style-blog/wp/2014/01/28/pete-seeger-neil-diamond-and-me/?wp_login_redirect=0">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger%2C+Neil+Diamond+and+me&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft.aulast=Bank&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fstyle-blog%2Fwp%2F2014%2F01%2F28%2Fpete-seeger-neil-diamond-and-me%2F%3Fwp_login_redirect%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fellow Newport Board member <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Jackson_(scholar)" title="Bruce Jackson (scholar)">Bruce Jackson</a> writes, "Pete Seeger, more than any of the other board members, had a personal connection with Bob Dylan: it was he who [in 1962] had convinced the great Columbia A and R man John Hammond, famous for his work with jazz and blues musicians, to produce Dylan's eponymous first album, <i>Bob Dylan</i>. If anyone was responsible for Bob Dylan's presence on the Newport Stage [in 1965], it was Pete Seeger". See Bruce Jackson, <i>The Story Is True: The Art and Meaning of Telling Stories</i> (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008), p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">John Szwed</a>, <i>Alan Lomax, 'The Man Who Recorded the World</i> (Viking, 2010), p. 354. The Butterfield Blues Band, a new, integrated Chicago-based electric band, was the closer in an afternoon blues workshop entitled "Blues: Origins and Offshoots", hosted by Lomax, that had included African-American blues greats <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_House" title="Son House">Son House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Slim" title="Memphis Slim">Memphis Slim</a>, and a prison work group from Texas, along with bluegrass pioneer <a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a> and the Bluegrass Boys. Lomax, upset that Butterfield's group had been shoehorned into his workshop, reportedly complained aloud about how long they took to set up their electrical equipment and introduced them with the words, "Now, let's find out if these guys can play at all." This infuriated Grossman (who was angling to manage the new group), and he responded by attacking Lomax physically. <a href="/wiki/Mike_Bloomfield" title="Mike Bloomfield">Michael Bloomfield</a> stated, "Alan Lomax, the great folklorist and musicologist, gave us some kind of introduction that I didn't even hear, but Albert found it offensive. And Albert went upside his head. The next thing we knew, right in the middle of our show, Lomax and Grossman were kicking ass on the floor in the middle of thousands of people at the Newport Folk Festival. Tearing each other's clothes off. We had to pull 'em apart. We figured 'Albert, man, now there's a manager!<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" quoted in Jan Mark Wolkin, Bill Keenom, and Carlos Santana's, <i>Michael Bloomfield: If You Love These Blues</i> (San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books), p. 102. See also Ronald D. Cohen's introduction to "Part III, The Folk Revival (1960s)" in <i>Alan Lomax: Selected Writings</i>, Ronald D. Cohen, ed. (London: Routledege), p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rock critic <a href="/wiki/Greil_Marcus" title="Greil Marcus">Greil Marcus</a> wrote: "Backstage, Peter Seeger and the great ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax attempted to cut the band's power cables with an axe." See Greil Marcus, <i>Invisible Republic, the Story of the Basement Tapes</i> [1998], republished in paperback as <i>The Old, Weird America: The World of Bob Dylan's Basement Tapes</i> (New York: Holt, 2001), p. 12. Marcus's apocryphal story was elaborated by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Muldaur" title="Maria Muldaur">Maria Muldaur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nelson_(critic)" title="Paul Nelson (critic)">Paul Nelson</a> in <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>'s film <i>No Direction Home</i> (2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Kupfer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wholeearthmag.com/ArticleBin/406.html">Longtime Passing: An interview with Pete Seeger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170425061234/http://www.wholeearthmag.com/ArticleBin/406.html">Archived</a> April 25, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Whole Earth</i> magazine, Spring 2001. Accessed online October 16, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDb-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDb_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11563598/reference/">"A Complete Unknown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Complete+Unknown&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt11563598%2Freference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiBEANEARS.html">"Beans in My Ears"</a>. Sniff.numachi.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501224842/http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiBEANEARS.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beans+in+My+Ears&rft.pub=Sniff.numachi.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsniff.numachi.com%2Fpages%2FtiBEANEARS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingram, David (2008). 'My Dirty Stream : Pete Seeger, American Folk Music, and Environmental Protest', <i>Popular Music</i> Vol. 31, pp22. Routeledge Taylor & Francis Group. October 14, 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, Megan. "Songs of Peace and Protest: 6 Essential Cuts From Pete Seeger." <i>Time.com</i>, January 28, 2014. p.1 Business Source Complete. October 14, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour</i>, CBS, Season 2, Episode 1, September 10, 1967.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805061813/http://www.peteseeger.net/givepeacechance.htm">"How "Waist Deep in the Big Muddy" Finally Got on Network Television in 1968"</a>. Peteseeger.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peteseeger.net/givepeacechance.htm">the original</a> on August 5, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+%22Waist+Deep+in+the+Big+Muddy%22+Finally+Got+on+Network+Television+in+1968&rft.pub=Peteseeger.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteseeger.net%2Fgivepeacechance.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour</i>, CBS, Season 2, Episode 24, February 25, 1968.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_09.html">this PBS documentary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170322233355/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/series/pt_09.html">Archived</a> March 22, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and this <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZUn-EGsNt58"><span class="plainlinks">recording</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Brown, Jim (Director) (2005). <i>The Power of Song</i> (DVD). Genius Products LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59445-156-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-59445-156-7"><bdi>1-59445-156-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Song&rft.pub=Genius+Products+LLC&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-59445-156-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPhạm" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Phạm, Tuyên. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nhacsiphamtuyen.vn/gay-dan-len-hoi-nguoi-ban-my-cau-chuyen-sau-khi-bai-hat-ra-doi.html">"Gảy đàn lên hỡi người bạn Mỹ – Câu chuyện sau khi bài hát ra đời"</a>. <i>Nhạc sĩ Phạm Tuyên</i> (in Vietnamese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nh%E1%BA%A1c+s%C4%A9+Ph%E1%BA%A1m+Tuy%C3%AAn&rft.atitle=G%E1%BA%A3y+%C4%91%C3%A0n+l%C3%AAn+h%E1%BB%A1i+ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di+b%E1%BA%A1n+M%E1%BB%B9+%E2%80%93+C%C3%A2u+chuy%E1%BB%87n+sau+khi+b%C3%A0i+h%C3%A1t+ra+%C4%91%E1%BB%9Di&rft.aulast=Ph%E1%BA%A1m&rft.aufirst=Tuy%C3%AAn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnhacsiphamtuyen.vn%2Fgay-dan-len-hoi-nguoi-ban-my-cau-chuyen-sau-khi-bai-hat-ra-doi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohenCapaldi2013" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Ronald D.; Capaldi, James (December 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6QAuAgAAQBAJ&q=Pete+Seeger+Barbara+Dane&pg=PA209"><i>The Pete Seeger Reader</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199336128" title="Special:BookSources/9780199336128"><bdi>9780199336128</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202002231/https://books.google.com/books?id=6QAuAgAAQBAJ&q=Pete+Seeger+Barbara+Dane&pg=PA209#v=snippet&q=Pete%20Seeger%20Barbara%20Dane&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2020</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pete+Seeger+Reader&rft.pages=209&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft.isbn=9780199336128&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Ronald+D.&rft.au=Capaldi%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6QAuAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DPete%2BSeeger%2BBarbara%2BDane%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dickens-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dickens_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDickens2008" class="citation book cs1">Dickens, Hazel (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/809471478"><i>Working girl blues : the life and music of Hazel Dickens</i></a>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09097-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09097-4"><bdi>978-0-252-09097-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/809471478">809471478</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202002309/https://search.worldcat.org/title/809471478">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Working+girl+blues+%3A+the+life+and+music+of+Hazel+Dickens&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F809471478&rft.isbn=978-0-252-09097-4&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=Hazel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F809471478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://folkways.si.edu/pete-seeger/singalong-sanders-theater-1980/american-folk-struggle-protest/music/album/smithsonian">"Singalong Sanders Theater, 1980"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Folkways Recordings</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101181228/https://folkways.si.edu/pete-seeger/singalong-sanders-theater-1980/american-folk-struggle-protest/music/album/smithsonian">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Folkways+Recordings&rft.atitle=Singalong+Sanders+Theater%2C+1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffolkways.si.edu%2Fpete-seeger%2Fsingalong-sanders-theater-1980%2Famerican-folk-struggle-protest%2Fmusic%2Falbum%2Fsmithsonian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-upi.com-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-upi.com_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-upi.com_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarrington2014" class="citation news cs1">Harrington, Gerry (January 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2014/01/31/Movement-afoot-to-name-bridge-after-Pete-Seeger/UPI-15581391204873/">"Movement afoot to name bridge after Pete Seeger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203082935/http://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/Music/2014/01/31/Movement-afoot-to-name-bridge-after-Pete-Seeger/UPI-15581391204873/">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Movement+afoot+to+name+bridge+after+Pete+Seeger&rft.date=2014-01-31&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=Gerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FEntertainment_News%2FMusic%2F2014%2F01%2F31%2FMovement-afoot-to-name-bridge-after-Pete-Seeger%2FUPI-15581391204873%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008103-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008103_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008103_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David T. Dellinger, <i>From Yale to Jail: The Life Story of a Moral Dissenter</i> (New York: Pantheon Books, 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-40591-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-40591-7">0-679-40591-7</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Where Have All the Flowers Gone: A Musical Autobiography</i>, edited by Peter Blood (Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: A Sing Out Publication, 1993, 1997), page 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt1-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt1_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel J. Wakin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/01/arts/music/01seeg.html?_r=1&ref=arts&oref=slogin">"This Just In: Pete Seeger Denounced Stalin Over a Decade Ago"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016191050/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/01/arts/music/01seeg.html?_r=1&ref=arts&oref=slogin">Archived</a> October 16, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>New York Times</i>, September 1, 2007. Accessed October 16, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Old_Left-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Old_Left_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D7123BF931A15752C0A963958260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/S/Seeger,%20Pete">"The Old Left"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> Magazine</i>. January 22, 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202002244/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/22/magazine/sunday-january-22-1995-the-old-left.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Old+Left&rft.date=1995-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D990CE7D7123BF931A15752C0A963958260%26n%3DTop%2FReference%2FTimes%2520Topics%2FPeople%2FS%2FSeeger%2C%2520Pete&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoaz2006" class="citation news cs1">Boaz, David (April 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/apr/14/post33?commentpage=1">"Stalin's songbird"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031061051/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2006/apr/14/post33?commentpage=1">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Stalin%27s+songbird&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.aulast=Boaz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2006%2Fapr%2F14%2Fpost33%3Fcommentpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boaz's article is reprinted in his book, <i>The Politics of Freedom</i> (Washington, D.C.: The Cato Institute, 2008) pp. 283–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008422-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008422_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWapshott2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Wapshott, Nicholas (September 27, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924104806/http://www.newstatesman.com/society/2007/09/joe-blues-folk-music-seeger">"Seeger turns on Uncle Joe"</a>. <i>New Statesman</i>. Vol. 136, no. 4864. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/society/2007/09/joe-blues-folk-music-seeger">the original</a> on September 24, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Seeger+turns+on+Uncle+Joe&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=4864&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft.aulast=Wapshott&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fsociety%2F2007%2F09%2Fjoe-blues-folk-music-seeger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1998" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, John (May 4, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newspapers.com/article/newsday/140135927/">"The IRS Plays Tax and Consequences"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i>. New York, New York. p. B7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=The+IRS+Plays+Tax+and+Consequences&rft.pages=B7&rft.date=1998-05-04&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fnewsday%2F140135927%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/02/16/in-new-york-thousands-protest-a-war-against-iraq/ba206965-e456-46a6-b393-73223acd6676/">"In New York, Thousands Protest a War Against Iraq"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. February 15, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+New+York%2C+Thousands+Protest+a+War+Against+Iraq&rft.date=2003-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2003%2F02%2F16%2Fin-new-york-thousands-protest-a-war-against-iraq%2Fba206965-e456-46a6-b393-73223acd6676%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/folklife/Seegersymposium/">"How Can I Keep from Singing?": A Seeger Family Tribute</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170530030925/http://www.loc.gov/folklife/Seegersymposium/">Archived</a> May 30, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 2007 symposium and concert, American Folklife Center, Library of Congress (web presentation includes program, photographs, and webcasts).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tuscaloosa-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tuscaloosa_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tuscaloosa_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tommy Stevenson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truth-out.org/archive/item/82100:this-land-is-your-land-like-woody-wrote-it">"'This Land Is Your Land' Like Woody Wrote It"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220194941/http://www.truth-out.org/archive/item/82100:this-land-is-your-land-like-woody-wrote-it">Archived</a> February 20, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Truthout</i>, January 19, 2009. Accessed February 3, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAToday-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USAToday_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Puente and Elysa Gardner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-01-18-inaug-concert_N.htm?loc=interstitialskip">"Inauguration opening concert celebrates art of the possible"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>, January 19, 2008. Accessed January 20, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnvCPQqQWds"><span class="plainlinks">Pete Seeger and Bruce Springsteen at the inaugural concert at the Lincoln Memorial</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>. Accessed December 3, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennings, Jennifer. "Pete Seeger: The environmental side of his activism." <i>Atlantic City Natural Health Examiner</i>. January 28, 2014. Atlantic City Examiner. Accessed on October 5, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seeger90-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seeger90_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321013656/http://seeger90.com/">"Web site announcing Seeger's 90th birthday celebration"</a>. Seeger90.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seeger90.com">the original</a> on March 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Web+site+announcing+Seeger%27s+90th+birthday+celebration&rft.pub=Seeger90.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seeger90.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clearwater-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clearwater_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clearwater.org/">"Hudson River Sloop Clearwater"</a>. Clearwater.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141002231745/http://www.clearwater.org/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hudson+River+Sloop+Clearwater&rft.pub=Clearwater.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clearwater.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428114051/http://www.jimharpermusic.com/forpetessakesing.html">"For Pete's Sake, Sing! Ithaca, New York"</a>. jimharpermusic.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jimharpermusic.com/forpetessakesing.html">the original</a> on April 28, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+Pete%27s+Sake%2C+Sing%21+Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=jimharpermusic.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jimharpermusic.com%2Fforpetessakesing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715050842/http://upcoming.yahoo.com/event/2396756/">"For Pete's Sake, Sing! - Happy 90th Birthday Pete Seeger"</a>. upcoming.yahoo.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://upcoming.yahoo.com/event/2396756/">the original</a> on July 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=For+Pete%27s+Sake%2C+Sing%21+-+Happy+90th+Birthday+Pete+Seeger&rft.pub=upcoming.yahoo.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fupcoming.yahoo.com%2Fevent%2F2396756%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unionsong.com/seeger90.html">"Pete Seeger 90th birthday celebrations"</a>. Unionsong.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504145634/http://unionsong.com/seeger90.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pete+Seeger+90th+birthday+celebrations&rft.pub=Unionsong.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funionsong.com%2Fseeger90.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Doyle, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100729142430/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/17386/184956">Video: Pete Seeger Debuts New BP Protest Song: Songwriter talks inspiration behind "God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You"</a>, <i>Rolling Stone</i> online, July 26, 2010. Retrieved July 27, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvnsB_kVNYI">"Pete Seeger - God's Counting On Me, God's Counting On You (Sloop Mix) (feat. Lorre Wyatt & friends)"</a>. YouTube. November 5, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/cvnsB_kVNYI">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pete+Seeger+-+God%27s+Counting+On+Me%2C+God%27s+Counting+On+You+%28Sloop+Mix%29+%28feat.+Lorre+Wyatt+%26+friends%29&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcvnsB_kVNYI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOCcrhp-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LOCcrhp_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/collection/civil-rights-history-project/about-this-collection/">"Civil Rights History Project"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303113711/https://www.loc.gov/collection/civil-rights-history-project/about-this-collection/">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Rights+History+Project&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcollection%2Fcivil-rights-history-project%2Fabout-this-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoynihan2011" class="citation web cs1">Moynihan, Colin (October 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/pete-seeger-leads-protesters-on-foot-and-in-song/">"Pete Seeger Leads Protesters in New York, on Foot and in Song"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111023115131/http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/22/pete-seeger-leads-protesters-on-foot-and-in-song/">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+Leads+Protesters+in+New+York%2C+on+Foot+and+in+Song&rft.date=2011-10-22&rft.aulast=Moynihan&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcityroom.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F10%2F22%2Fpete-seeger-leads-protesters-on-foot-and-in-song%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IPd_OkeVtI">"Pete Seeger and Occupy Wall Street Sing 'We Shall Overcome' at Columbus Circle (10/21/11)"</a>. Youtube. October 21, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/4IPd_OkeVtI">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WWOZ&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger%2C+%22Forever+Young%22&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwoz.org%2Fblog%2F3510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forever_Young_video-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forever_Young_video_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis2014" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Randy (January 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-pete-seeger-obituary-forever-young-music-video-20140130-story.html">"Pete Seeger's 'Forever Young' music video goes viral"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221217065922/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-pete-seeger-obituary-forever-young-music-video-20140130-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger%27s+%27Forever+Young%27+music+video+goes+viral&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fposts%2Fla-et-ms-pete-seeger-obituary-forever-young-music-video-20140130-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327115446/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/article/celebrity-activists-harry-belafonte-pete-seeger-common-and-michael-moore-come-together">"Simon Moya-Smith, "Celebrity Activists Harry Belafonte, Pete Seeger, Common and Michael Moore Come Together for Leonard Peltier"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/article/celebrity-activists-harry-belafonte-pete-seeger-common-and-michael-moore-come-together">the original</a> on March 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simon+Moya-Smith%2C+%22Celebrity+Activists+Harry+Belafonte%2C+Pete+Seeger%2C+Common+and+Michael+Moore+Come+Together+for+Leonard+Peltier%22&rft.pub=indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com%2Farticle%2Fcelebrity-activists-harry-belafonte-pete-seeger-common-and-michael-moore-come-together&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130319073550/http://www.hachettebookgroup.com/_b2c/media/files/11-03-2013/2013-03-11_PeteSeegerTheStormKing.pdf">"Hachette Book Group, "Hachette Audio and Jeff Haynes Introduce Pete Seeger: the Storm King; Stories, Narratives, Poems: Seeger's Spoken Word Set to All New Multi-Genre Music"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. www.hachettebookgroup.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hachettebookgroup.com/_b2c/media/files/11-03-2013/2013-03-11_PeteSeegerTheStormKing.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 19, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hachette+Book+Group%2C+%22Hachette+Audio+and+Jeff+Haynes+Introduce+Pete+Seeger%3A+the+Storm+King%3B+Stories%2C+Narratives%2C+Poems%3A+Seeger%27s+Spoken+Word+Set+to+All+New+Multi-Genre+Music%22&rft.pub=www.hachettebookgroup.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hachettebookgroup.com%2F_b2c%2Fmedia%2Ffiles%2F11-03-2013%2F2013-03-11_PeteSeegerTheStormKing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/article/20130412/NEWS01/304120035/VIDEO-Seeger-legacy-grows-release-new-album-Storm-King-">"Barry, John, "Seeger Legacy Grows With Release of New Album 'Storm King'; DIA-Beacon Event Offers a Taste of Folk Singer's Spoken-Word Recordings"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Poughkeepsiejournal.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130412105958/http://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/article/20130412/NEWS01/304120035/VIDEO-Seeger-legacy-grows-release-new-album-Storm-King-">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barry%2C+John%2C+%22Seeger+Legacy+Grows+With+Release+of+New+Album+%27Storm+King%27%3B+DIA-Beacon+Event+Offers+a+Taste+of+Folk+Singer%27s+Spoken-Word+Recordings%22&rft.pub=Poughkeepsiejournal.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poughkeepsiejournal.com%2Farticle%2F20130412%2FNEWS01%2F304120035%2FVIDEO-Seeger-legacy-grows-release-new-album-Storm-King-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/appearances/pete_seeger">"Shows featuring Pete Seeger"</a>. <i>Democracy Now!</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054448/http://www.democracynow.org/appearances/pete_seeger">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Shows+featuring+Pete+Seeger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2Fappearances%2Fpete_seeger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2013/8/9/pete_seeger_onondaga_leader_oren_lyons_on_fracking_indigenous_struggles_and_hiroshima_bombing">"Pete Seeger & Onondaga Leader Oren Lyons on Fracking, Indigenous Struggles and Hiroshima Bombing"</a>. <i>Democracy Now!</i>. August 9, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054941/http://www.democracynow.org/blog/2013/8/9/pete_seeger_onondaga_leader_oren_lyons_on_fracking_indigenous_struggles_and_hiroshima_bombing">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Democracy+Now%21&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+%26+Onondaga+Leader+Oren+Lyons+on+Fracking%2C+Indigenous+Struggles+and+Hiroshima+Bombing&rft.date=2013-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.democracynow.org%2Fblog%2F2013%2F8%2F9%2Fpete_seeger_onondaga_leader_oren_lyons_on_fracking_indigenous_struggles_and_hiroshima_bombing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mt9jWoXmrLw">"Pete Seeger – This Land is Your Land (Live at Farm Aid 2013)"</a>. YouTube. September 21, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/mt9jWoXmrLw">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pete+Seeger+%E2%80%93+This+Land+is+Your+Land+%28Live+at+Farm+Aid+2013%29&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2013-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dmt9jWoXmrLw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wife-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wife_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wife_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin,_Douglas2013" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/arts/music/toshi-seeger-wife-of-folk-singing-legend-dies-at-91.html?_r=0">"Toshi Seeger, Wife of Folk-Singing Legend, Dies at 91"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821090621/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/12/arts/music/toshi-seeger-wife-of-folk-singing-legend-dies-at-91.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on August 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Toshi+Seeger%2C+Wife+of+Folk-Singing+Legend%2C+Dies+at+91&rft.date=2013-07-12&rft.au=Martin%2C+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F12%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Ftoshi-seeger-wife-of-folk-singing-legend-dies-at-91.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008131-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDunaway2008131_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDunaway2008">Dunaway 2008</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWendy_Schuman" class="citation web cs1">Wendy Schuman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/Music/2006/08/Pete-Seegers-Session.aspx?p=1">"Pete Seeger's Session"</a>. Beliefnet, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131003070335/http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/Music/2006/08/Pete-Seegers-Session.aspx?p=1">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pete+Seeger%27s+Session&rft.pub=Beliefnet%2C+Inc.&rft.au=Wendy+Schuman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beliefnet.com%2FEntertainment%2FMusic%2F2006%2F08%2FPete-Seegers-Session.aspx%3Fp%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702144833/http://www.uua.org/beliefs/history/6186.shtml">"Unitarian Universalist History – UUA"</a>. Unitarian Universalist Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uua.org/beliefs/history/6186.shtml">the original</a> on July 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unitarian+Universalist+History+%E2%80%93+UUA&rft.pub=Unitarian+Universalist+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uua.org%2Fbeliefs%2Fhistory%2F6186.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaffney2008" class="citation web cs1">Gaffney, Dennis (June 22, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/nyregion/22seeger.html">"At a Roadside Vigil, an Iconic Voice of Protest"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230174034/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/nyregion/22seeger.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+a+Roadside+Vigil%2C+an+Iconic+Voice+of+Protest&rft.date=2008-06-22&rft.aulast=Gaffney&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F06%2F22%2Fnyregion%2F22seeger.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTdeath-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTdeath_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPareles2014" class="citation news cs1">Pareles, Jon (January 28, 2014). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/29/arts/music/pete-seeger-songwriter-and-champion-of-folk-music-dies-at-94.html">"Pete Seeger, Songwriter and Champion of Folk Music, Dies at 94"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714022101/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/29/arts/music/pete-seeger-songwriter-and-champion-of-folk-music-dies-at-94.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger%2C+Songwriter+and+Champion+of+Folk+Music%2C+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft.aulast=Pareles&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F01%2F29%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fpete-seeger-songwriter-and-champion-of-folk-music-dies-at-94.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The phrase "America's tuning fork" is usually attributed to poet <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>, for example, see Corey Sandler, <i>Henry Hudson: Dreams and Obsessions</i> (New York: Kensington Books, 2007), p. 203. It is unclear when and where Sandburg, who thought highly of the Weavers, said this. Studs Terkel, who introduced Seeger as "America's tuning fork" at the 1959 Newport Folk Festival (see George Wein, Nate Chinen, <i>Myself Among Others: A Life in Music</i> [Da Capo Press, 2009], p. 314), later wrote that he had seen the phrase in <i><a href="/wiki/DownBeat" title="DownBeat">DownBeat</a></i> jazz magazine (see Terkel, <i>Hope Dies Last: Keeping The Faith In Troubled Times</i> [New York: The New Press], p. 249). The phrase was picked up in a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NEgEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Pete+Seeger+America%27s+tuning+fork&pg=PA61">photo spread on Seeger</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine, October 9, 1964, p. 61. See also Ronald D. Cohen, <i>Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival and American Society, 1940–70</i> [University of Massachusetts Press, 1970], p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/theoval/2014/01/28/obama-pete-seeger-bruce-springsteen/4958941/">"Obama memorializes Pete Seeger"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. January 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140308050438/http://www.usatoday.com/story/theoval/2014/01/28/obama-pete-seeger-bruce-springsteen/4958941/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Obama+memorializes+Pete+Seeger&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftheoval%2F2014%2F01%2F28%2Fobama-pete-seeger-bruce-springsteen%2F4958941%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBragg2014" class="citation web cs1">Bragg, Billy (January 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jan/28/pete-seeger-folk-singer-activist-music-make-difference">"Pete Seeger: folk activist who believed music could make a difference"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161014121055/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/jan/28/pete-seeger-folk-singer-activist-music-make-difference">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accessed April 29, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20140128/pete-seeger-should-have-new-tappan-zee-bridge-named-for-him-downstate-politician-says">"Pete Seeger should have new Tappan Zee Bridge named for him, downstate politician says"</a>. <i>Dailyfreeman.com</i>. January 28, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203032132/http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20140128/pete-seeger-should-have-new-tappan-zee-bridge-named-for-him-downstate-politician-says">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dailyfreeman.com&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+should+have+new+Tappan+Zee+Bridge+named+for+him%2C+downstate+politician+says&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailyfreeman.com%2Fgeneral-news%2F20140128%2Fpete-seeger-should-have-new-tappan-zee-bridge-named-for-him-downstate-politician-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clearwater.org/">"Clearwater"</a>. <i>Clearwater.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141002231745/http://www.clearwater.org/">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Clearwater.org&rft.atitle=Clearwater&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clearwater.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodnewsplanet.com/five-day-seeger-fest-concert-memorial-pete-seeger-amanda-palmer-anti-flag-toni-blackman-tom-chapin-steve-earle-holly-near-rebel-diaz-paul-winter-consort-peter-yarrow-others-will-h/N">"Folk singer, activist Pete Seeger dies in New York"</a>. September 18, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240202002317/https://goodnewsplanet.com/n-j-burkett-2015-new-york-emmy-awards-grammy-award-winner/">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folk+singer%2C+activist+Pete+Seeger+dies+in+New+York.&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoodnewsplanet.com%2Ffive-day-seeger-fest-concert-memorial-pete-seeger-amanda-palmer-anti-flag-toni-blackman-tom-chapin-steve-earle-holly-near-rebel-diaz-paul-winter-consort-peter-yarrow-others-will-h%2FN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://store.usps.com/store/product/buy-stamps/pete-seeger-stamps-S_580404">"Pete Seeger Stamps"</a>. <i>store.usps.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922230227/https://store.usps.com/store/product/buy-stamps/pete-seeger-stamps-S_580404/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C76">the original</a> on February 9, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Smithsonian Institution. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsdesk.si.edu/about/awards">the original</a> on June 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Awards+and+Medals%3A+1996&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsdesk.si.edu%2Fabout%2Fawards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peaceabbey.org/cofc-award/award-recipients/">Courage of Conscience Award Winners</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610041225/http://www.peaceabbey.org/cofc-award/award-recipients/">Archived</a> June 10, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved August 7, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peteseegerthestormking.com/">"Pete Seeger: The Storm King Project"</a>. <i>Peteseegerthestormking.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116003618/http://peteseegerthestormking.com/">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peteseegerthestormking.com&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger%3A+The+Storm+King+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteseegerthestormking.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammy.com/nominees?genre=32">"56th Annual GRAMMY Awards Winners & Nominees: Best Spoken Word Album"</a>. grammy.com. January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140130075903/http://www.grammy.com/nominees?genre=32">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=56th+Annual+GRAMMY+Awards+Winners+%26+Nominees%3A+Best+Spoken+Word+Album&rft.pub=grammy.com&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnominees%3Fgenre%3D32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/02/22/pete-seeger-woody-guthrie-prize/5729229/">"Pete Seeger gets a posthumous prize — and a sing-along"</a>. <i>USA Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127085532/https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2014/02/22/pete-seeger-woody-guthrie-prize/5729229/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+gets+a+posthumous+prize+%E2%80%94+and+a+sing-along&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fmusic%2F2014%2F02%2F22%2Fpete-seeger-woody-guthrie-prize%2F5729229%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discography1-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discography1_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/artist/Pete+Seeger">"Pete Seeger Discography"</a>. <i>Discogs.com</i>. May 3, 1919. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111075123/http://www.discogs.com/artist/Pete+Seeger">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discogs.com&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+Discography&rft.date=1919-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2Fartist%2FPete%2BSeeger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discography2-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discography2_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424165012/http://www.folkways.si.edu/searchresults.aspx?set=1&sPhrase=Pete+Seeger&sType='phrase'">"Discography for Pete Seeger on Folkways"</a>. <i>Folkways.si.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folkways.si.edu/searchresults.aspx?set=1&sPhrase=pete+seeger&sType='phrase'">the original</a> on April 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Folkways.si.edu&rft.atitle=Discography+for+Pete+Seeger+on+Folkways&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folkways.si.edu%2Fsearchresults.aspx%3Fset%3D1%26sPhrase%3Dpete%2Bseeger%26sType%3D%27phrase%27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dunaway, David K. <i>How Can I Keep from Singing: The Ballad of Pete Seeger</i>. [McGraw Hill (1981), DaCapo (1990)] Revised Edition. New York: Villard Trade Paperback, 2008 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-018150-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-018150-0">0-07-018150-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-018151-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-018151-9">0-07-018151-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80399-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80399-2">0-306-80399-2</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-50608-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-50608-1">0-345-50608-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128151019/http://www.tradebit.com/filedetail.php/5191201-david-dunaway">Audio Version</a></li> <li>Dunaway, David K. <i>Pete Seeger: How Can I Keep From Singing</i>. three one-hour radio documentaries, Public Radio International, 2008</li> <li>Dunaway, David K. <i>The Pete Seeger Discography.</i> Scarecrow Press: Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2010.</li> <li>Forbes, Linda C. "Pete Seeger on Environmental Advocacy, Organizing, and Education in the Hudson River Valley: An Interview with the Folk Music Legend, Author and Storyteller, Political and Environmental Activist, and Grassroots Organizer." <i>Organization & Environment</i>, 17, No. 4, 2004: pp. 513–522.</li> <li>Gardner, Elysa. "Seeger: A 'Power' in music, politics." <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, February 27, 2008. p. 8D.</li> <li>Seeger, Pete. <i>How to Play the Five-String Banjo</i>, New York: People's Songs, 1948. 3rd edition, New York: Music Sales Corporation, 1969. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8256-0024-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8256-0024-3">0-8256-0024-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTick1997" class="citation book cs1">Tick, Judith (1997). <i>Ruth Crawford Seeger: A Composer's Search for American Music</i>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruth+Crawford+Seeger%3A+A+Composer%27s+Search+for+American+Music&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Tick&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wilkinson, Alec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/17/the-protest-singer">"The Protest Singer: Pete Seeger and American folk music,"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, April 9, 2006, pp. 44–53.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2009" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Alec (2009). <i>The Protest Singer: An Intimate Portrait of Pete Seeger</i>. New York: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0307390981" title="Special:BookSources/978-0307390981"><bdi>978-0307390981</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Protest+Singer%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait+of+Pete+Seeger&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0307390981&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Alec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWinkler2009" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, Allan M. (2009). <i>To Everything There Is a Season: Pete Seeger and the Power of Song</i>. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Everything+There+Is+a+Season%3A+Pete+Seeger+and+the+Power+of+Song&rft.place=Oxford+%5BOxfordshire%5D&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Allan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Briggs, John, <i>Pete Seeger: The People's Singer</i>, Atombank Books, 2015, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0990516075" title="Special:BookSources/0990516075">0990516075</a></li> <li>"The Music Man" (profile and interview). In <i>Something to Say: Thoughts on Art and Politics in America</i>, text by Richard Klin, photos by Lily Prince, Leapfrog Press, 2011.</li> <li>Reich, Susanna, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/stand-up-and-sing-9780802738127/"><i>Stand Up and Sing! Pete Seeger, Folk Music and the Path to Justice</i></a>, Bloomsbury, 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0802738127" title="Special:BookSources/978-0802738127">978-0802738127</a></li> <li>Renehan, Edward, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223232731/http://newstreetcommunications.com/general_interest/pete_seeger_vs_the_un-americans"><i>Pete Seeger vs. the Un-Americans: A Tale of the Blacklist</i></a>, New Street Communications, LLC, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0615998138" title="Special:BookSources/978-0615998138">978-0615998138</a></li> <li>Seeger, Pete (Edited by Rob and Sam Rosenthal), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203033622/http://www.paradigmpublishers.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=298790"><i>Pete Seeger: In His Own Words</i></a>, Paradigm Publishers, 2012. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1612052185" title="Special:BookSources/1612052185">1612052185</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1612052182" title="Special:BookSources/978-1612052182">978-1612052182</a></li> <li>Seeger, Pete (edited by Ronald D. Cohen and James Capaldi), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-pete-seeger-reader-9780199862016;jsessionid=B0E432C11399552C64CC4781B362F5E0?cc=us&lang=en&"><i>The Pete Seeger Reader</i></a>, Oxford University Press, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199862016" title="Special:BookSources/9780199862016">9780199862016</a></li> <li>Seeger, Pete (Edited by Jo Metcalf Schwartz), <i>The Incompleat Folksinger</i>, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-20954-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-20954-X">0-671-20954-X</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110518082031/http://www.peteseeger.net/incompleatfolksinger.htm">excerpts</a>) Also, reprinted in a Bison Book edition, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-9216-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-9216-3">0-8032-9216-3</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZollo2005" class="citation news cs1">Zollo, Paul (January 7, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051124051231/http://www.grammy.com/features/2005/0107_seeger.aspx">"Pete Seeger Reflects on His Legendary Songs"</a>. GRAMMY Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammy.com/features/2005/0107_seeger.aspx">the original</a> on November 24, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+Reflects+on+His+Legendary+Songs&rft.date=2005-01-07&rft.aulast=Zollo&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Ffeatures%2F2005%2F0107_seeger.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Pete Seeger</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pete_Seeger" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Pete Seeger">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Pete_Seeger" class="extiw" title="q:Pete Seeger">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Dunaway_(Seeger_biographer_and_original_site_creator)" class="citation web cs1">David Dunaway (Seeger biographer and original site creator). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peteseeger.org/">"Pete Seeger: How Can I Keep From Singing?"</a>. PeteSeeger.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pete+Seeger%3A+How+Can+I+Keep+From+Singing%3F&rft.pub=PeteSeeger.org&rft.au=David+Dunaway+%28Seeger+biographer+and+original+site+creator%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeteseeger.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJim_Capaldi_(original_site_creator)" class="citation web cs1">Jim Capaldi (original site creator). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121220030035/http://www.peteseeger.net/">"Pete Seeger Appreciation Page"</a>. <i>peteseeger.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peteseeger.net/">the original</a> on December 20, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peteseeger.net&rft.atitle=Pete+Seeger+Appreciation+Page&rft.au=Jim+Capaldi+%28original+site+creator%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peteseeger.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2008" class="citation web cs1">Matthews, Scott (August 6, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://southernspaces.org/2008/john-cohen-eastern-kentucky-documentary-expression-and-image-roscoe-halcomb-during-folk-revival/">"John Cohen in Eastern Kentucky: Documentary Expression and the Image of Roscoe Halcomb During the Folk Revival"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Spaces" title="Southern Spaces">Southern Spaces</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Southern+Spaces&rft.atitle=John+Cohen+in+Eastern+Kentucky%3A+Documentary+Expression+and+the+Image+of+Roscoe+Halcomb+During+the+Folk+Revival&rft.date=2008-08-06&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsouthernspaces.org%2F2008%2Fjohn-cohen-eastern-kentucky-documentary-expression-and-image-roscoe-halcomb-during-folk-revival%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPareles,_Jon2014" class="citation news cs1">Pareles, Jon (January 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/29/arts/music/pete-seeger-songwriter-and-champion-of-folk-music-dies-at-94.html">"Obituary: Pete Seeger, Songwriter and Champion of Folk Music, Dies at 94"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Pete+Seeger%2C+Songwriter+and+Champion+of+Folk+Music%2C+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2014-01-28&rft.au=Pareles%2C+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F01%2F29%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fpete-seeger-songwriter-and-champion-of-folk-music-dies-at-94.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Special:Tree/847604">"Peter Seeger b. 3 May 1919 d. 27 January 2014 – Full Tree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rodovid" title="Rodovid">rodovid</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rodovid&rft.atitle=Peter+Seeger+b.+3+May+1919+d.+27+January+2014+%E2%80%93+Full+Tree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.rodovid.org%2Fwk%2FSpecial%3ATree%2F847604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Seeger" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/12/pete-seeger-fbi-file">"Pete Seeger's FBI File Reveals How the Folk Legend First Became a Target of the Feds"</a>, <i>Mother Jones</i>, 2015</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/pete-seeger">Pete Seeger Interview</a> at <a href="/wiki/NAMM_Oral_History_Program" title="NAMM Oral History Program">NAMM Oral History Collection</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pete_Seeger" title="Template:Pete Seeger"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pete_Seeger" title="Template talk:Pete Seeger"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pete_Seeger" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pete Seeger"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pete_Seeger108" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Folk_Songs_for_Children" title="American Folk Songs for Children">American Folk Songs for Children</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Industrial_Ballads" title="American Industrial Ballads">American Industrial Ballads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Favorite_Ballads,_Vol._2" title="American Favorite Ballads, Vol. 2">American Favorite Ballads, Vol. 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazette,_Vol._1" title="Gazette, Vol. 1">Gazette, Vol. 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleep-Time:_Songs_%26_Stories" title="Sleep-Time: Songs & Stories">Sleep-Time: Songs & Stories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/God_Bless_the_Grass" title="God Bless the Grass">God Bless the Grass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Songs!%3F" title="Dangerous Songs!?">Dangerous Songs!?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Race" title="Rainbow Race">Rainbow Race</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_89" title="At 89">At 89</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pete_Remembers_Woody" title="Pete Remembers Woody">Pete Remembers Woody</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome_(Pete_Seeger_album)" title="We Shall Overcome (Pete Seeger album)">We Shall Overcome</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Birds,_Beasts,_Bugs_%26_Fishes_(Little_%26_Big)" title="Birds, Beasts, Bugs & Fishes (Little & Big)">Birds, Beasts, Bugs & Fishes (Little & Big)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/If_I_Had_a_Hammer:_Songs_of_Hope_%26_Struggle" title="If I Had a Hammer: Songs of Hope & Struggle">If I Had a Hammer: Songs of Hope & Struggle</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bells_of_Rhymney" title="The Bells of Rhymney">The Bells of Rhymney</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gotta_Travel_On" title="Gotta Travel On">Gotta Travel On</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Had_a_Hammer" title="If I Had a Hammer">If I Had a Hammer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/If_You_Miss_Me_at_the_Back_of_the_Bus" title="If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus">If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Night_I_Had_the_Strangest_Dream" title="Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream">Last Night I Had the Strangest Dream</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Little_Boxes" title="Little Boxes">Little Boxes</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Rainbow_Race" title="My Rainbow Race">My Rainbow Race</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Town" title="Pittsburgh Town">Pittsburgh Town</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Turn!_Turn!_Turn!" title="Turn! Turn! Turn!">Turn! Turn! Turn!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Waist_Deep_in_the_Big_Muddy" title="Waist Deep in the Big Muddy">Waist Deep in the Big Muddy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">We Shall Overcome</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_Have_All_the_Flowers_Gone%3F" title="Where Have All the Flowers Gone?">Where Have All the Flowers Gone?</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Almanac_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Almanac Singers">Almanac Singers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_for_John_Doe" title="Songs for John Doe">Songs for John Doe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talking_Union_%26_Other_Union_Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Talking Union & Other Union Songs">Talking Union</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Sea_Chanteys_and_Whaling_Ballads" title="Deep Sea Chanteys and Whaling Ballads">Deep Sea Chanteys and Whaling Ballads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sod_Buster_Ballads" title="Sod Buster Ballads">Sod Buster Ballads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Lincoln_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs of the Lincoln Battalion">Songs of the Lincoln Battalion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dear_Mr._President_(album)" title="Dear Mr. President (album)">Dear Mr. President</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="The Weavers at Carnegie Hall">The Weavers at Carnegie Hall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers_at_Carnegie_Hall_Vol._2" title="The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2">The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers:_Wasn%27t_That_a_Time!" title="The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time!">The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time!</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Boys" title="Union Boys">Union Boys</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Precious_Friend" title="Precious Friend">Precious Friend</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/Arlo_Guthrie" title="Arlo Guthrie">Arlo Guthrie</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger_discography" title="Pete Seeger discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Songs" title="People's Songs">People's Songs</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Quest" title="Rainbow Quest">Rainbow Quest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sing_Out!" title="Sing Out!">Sing Out!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger:_The_Power_of_Song" title="Pete Seeger: The Power of Song">Pete Seeger: The Power of Song</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Sloop_Clearwater" title="Hudson River Sloop Clearwater">Hudson River Sloop Clearwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearwater_Festival" title="Clearwater Festival">The Great Hudson River Revival</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome:_The_Seeger_Sessions" title="We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions">We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toshi_Seeger" title="Toshi Seeger">Toshi Seeger</a> <small>(wife)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mika_Seeger" title="Mika Seeger">Mika Seeger</a> <small>(daughter)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tao_Rodr%C3%ADguez-Seeger" title="Tao Rodríguez-Seeger">Tao Rodríguez-Seeger</a> <small>(grandson)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Seeger" title="Charles Seeger">Charles Seeger</a> <small>(father)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Crawford_Seeger" title="Ruth Crawford Seeger">Ruth Crawford Seeger</a> <small>(stepmother)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Seeger" title="Mike Seeger">Mike Seeger</a> <small>(half-brother)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Seeger" title="Peggy Seeger">Peggy Seeger</a> <small>(half-sister)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Seeger" title="Alan Seeger">Alan Seeger</a> <small>(uncle)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a> <small>(brother-in-law)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cohen_(musician)" title="John Cohen (musician)">John Cohen</a> <small>(brother-in-law)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsty_MacColl" title="Kirsty MacColl">Kirsty MacColl</a> <small>(stepniece)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Pete_Seeger89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Pete_Seeger89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Pete Seeger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Musical_Album_for_Children" title="Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children">Grammy Award for Best Musical Album for Children</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1993–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_soundtrack)" title="Aladdin (1992 soundtrack)">Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (producers) and Various Artists (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_King_(1994_soundtrack)" title="The Lion King (1994 soundtrack)">The Lion King: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Mark_Mancina" title="Mark Mancina">Mark Mancina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Rifkin" title="Jay Rifkin">Jay Rifkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Thomas_(record_producer)" title="Chris Thomas (record producer)">Chris Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Zimmer" title="Hans Zimmer">Hans Zimmer</a> (producers) and Various Artists (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Sleepy Time Lullabys</i> – Barbara Bailey Hutchison (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_to_the_One_I_Love_(album)" title="Dedicated to the One I Love (album)">Dedicated to the One I Love</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Linda_Ronstadt" title="Linda Ronstadt">Linda Ronstadt</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/All_Aboard!_(John_Denver_album)" title="All Aboard! (John Denver album)">All Aboard!</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/John_Denver" title="John Denver">John Denver</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Elmopalooza!_(soundtrack)" title="Elmopalooza! (soundtrack)">Elmopalooza!</a></i> – Various Artists (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Elmo_in_Grouchland" title="The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland">The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland</a></i> – Various Artists (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Woody%27s_Roundup:_A_Rootin%27_Tootin%27_Collection_of_Woody%27s_Favorite_Songs" title="Woody's Roundup: A Rootin' Tootin' Collection of Woody's Favorite Songs">Woody's Roundup: A Rootin' Tootin' Collection of Woody's Favorite Songs</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Riders_in_the_Sky_(band)" title="Riders in the Sky (band)">Riders in the Sky</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Elmo_%26_the_Orchestra" title="Elmo & the Orchestra">Elmo & the Orchestra</a></i> – Various Artists (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Monsters,_Inc._Scream_Factory_Favorites" title="Monsters, Inc. Scream Factory Favorites">Monsters, Inc. Scream Factory Favorites</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Riders_in_the_Sky_(band)" title="Riders in the Sky (band)">Riders in the Sky</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Bon Appétit!</i> – <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Fink_%26_Marcy_Marxer" title="Cathy Fink & Marcy Marxer">Cathy Fink & Marcy Marxer</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>cELLAbration! A Tribute to Ella Jenkins</i> – <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Fink_%26_Marcy_Marxer" title="Cathy Fink & Marcy Marxer">Cathy Fink & Marcy Marxer</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Songs from the Neighborhood: The Music of Mister Rogers</i> – Various Artists (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catch_That_Train!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catch That Train! (page does not exist)">Catch That Train!</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Dan_Zanes" title="Dan Zanes">Dan Zanes and Friends</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muppets:_A_Green_and_Red_Christmas" title="The Muppets: A Green and Red Christmas">The Muppets: A Green and Red Christmas</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/The_Muppets" title="The Muppets">The Muppets</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Here_Come_the_123s" title="Here Come the 123s">Here Come the 123s</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/They_Might_Be_Giants" title="They Might Be Giants">They Might Be Giants</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Time_(album)" title="Family Time (album)">Family Time</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Ziggy_Marley" title="Ziggy Marley">Ziggy Marley</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>Tomorrow's Children</i> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a> (2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><div>In 2011, the category was merged back into <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Children%27s_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Children's Album">Best Children's Album</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1990s)444" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template talk:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kennedy_Center_Honorees_(1990s)444" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Kennedy Center Honorees</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%AB_Stevens" title="Risë Stevens">Risë Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Comden" title="Betty Comden">Betty Comden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Green" title="Adolph Green">Adolph Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayard_Nicholas" title="Fayard Nicholas">Fayard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicholas" title="Harold Nicholas">Harold Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joanne_Woodward" title="Joanne Woodward">Joanne Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Sir Georg Solti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Williams" title="Marion Williams">Marion Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morton_Gould" title="Morton Gould">Morton Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">B.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Carter" title="Benny Carter">Benny Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lemmon" title="Jack Lemmon">Jack Lemmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Heston" title="Charlton Heston">Charlton Heston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessye_Norman" title="Jessye Norman">Jessye Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><s><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby" title="Bill Cosby">Bill Cosby</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Ebb" title="Fred Ebb">Fred Ebb</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Kander" title="John Kander">John Kander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Nelson" title="Willie Nelson">Willie Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple Black</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Borge" title="Victor Borge">Victor Borge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Connery" title="Sean Connery">Sean Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Jamison" title="Judith Jamison">Judith Jamison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors" title="Kennedy Center Honors">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1970s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1980s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_1990s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2000s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2010s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kennedy_Center_Honorees_2020s" title="Template:Kennedy Center Honorees 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)420" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1990s)420" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts recipients</a> (1990s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott" title="George Abbott">George Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hume_Cronyn" title="Hume Cronyn">Hume Cronyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Tandy" title="Jessica Tandy">Jessica Tandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merce_Cunningham" title="Merce Cunningham">Merce Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Johns" title="Jasper Johns">Jasper Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lawrence" title="Jacob Lawrence">Jacob Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.B._King" class="mw-redirect" title="B.B. King">Riley "B.B." King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_Kreeger" title="David Lloyd Kreeger">David Lloyd Kreeger</a></li> <li>Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_McHarg" title="Ian McHarg">Ian McHarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BellSouth" title="BellSouth">Southeastern Bell Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Belluschi" title="Pietro Belluschi">Pietro Belluschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_III" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carter Brown III">John Carter Brown III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_%22Honi%22_Coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles "Honi" Coles">Charles "Honi" Coles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosby_(conductor)" title="John Crosby (conductor)">John Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Diebenkorn" title="Richard Diebenkorn">Richard Diebenkorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Philip_Hanes" class="mw-redirect" title="R. Philip Hanes">R. Philip Hanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_Carlisle" title="Kitty Carlisle">Kitty Carlisle Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Primus" title="Pearl Primus">Pearl Primus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Stern" title="Isaac Stern">Isaac Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Houser" title="Allan Houser">Allan Houser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnie_Pearl" title="Minnie Pearl">Minnie Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Saudek" title="Robert Saudek">Robert Saudek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Taylor" title="Billy Taylor">Billy Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Venturi" title="Robert Venturi">Robert Venturi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Scott_Brown" title="Denise Scott Brown">Denise Scott Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wise" title="Robert Wise">Robert Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Acheson_Wallace" title="Lila Acheson Wallace">Lila Wallace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Annenberg" title="Walter Annenberg">Walter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonore_Annenberg" title="Leonore Annenberg">Leonore Annenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cabell "Cab" Calloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Stanley Kunitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rauschenberg" title="Robert Rauschenberg">Robert Rauschenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Richards" title="Lloyd Richards">Lloyd Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Taylor_(choreographer)" title="Paul Taylor (choreographer)">Paul Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Brubeck" title="Dave Brubeck">Dave Brubeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celia_Cruz" title="Celia Cruz">Celia Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_DeLay" title="Dorothy DeLay">Dorothy DeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erick_Hawkins" title="Erick Hawkins">Erick Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Thiebaud" title="Wayne Thiebaud">Wayne Thiebaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wilbur" title="Richard Wilbur">Richard Wilbur</a></li> <li>Young Audiences</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licia_Albanese" title="Licia Albanese">Licia Albanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gerald_Cantor" title="B. Gerald Cantor">B. Gerald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iris_Cantor" title="Iris Cantor">Iris Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Diamond_(composer)" title="David Diamond (composer)">David Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ingo_Freed" title="James Ingo Freed">James Ingo Freed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Lichtenstein" title="Roy Lichtenstein">Roy Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mitchell_(dancer)" title="Arthur Mitchell (dancer)">Arthur Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monroe" title="Bill Monroe">Bill Monroe</a></li> <li>Urban Gateways</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Caldwell" title="Sarah Caldwell">Sarah Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Callahan_(photographer)" title="Harry Callahan (photographer)">Harry Callahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelda_Fichandler" title="Zelda Fichandler">Zelda Fichandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalo_Guerrero" title="Lalo Guerrero">Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hampton" title="Lionel Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Lewitzky" title="Bella Lewitzky">Bella Lewitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Vera List">Vera List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sendak" title="Maurice Sendak">Maurice Sendak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boys_Choir_of_Harlem" title="Boys Choir of Harlem">Boys Choir of Harlem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Carter" title="Betty Carter">Betty Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Gund" title="Agnes Gund">Agnes Gund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Kiley" title="Dan Kiley">Daniel Urban Kiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tito_Puente" title="Tito Puente">Tito Puente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Villella" title="Edward Villella">Edward Villella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Watson" title="Doc Watson">Doc Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDowell_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="MacDowell Colony">MacDowell Colony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_d%27Amboise_(dancer)" title="Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)">Jacques d'Amboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fats_Domino" title="Fats Domino">Antoine "Fats" Domino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliott" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliott">Ramblin' Jack Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Handman" title="Barbara Handman">Barbara Handman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Martin" title="Agnes Martin">Agnes Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Peters" title="Roberta Peters">Roberta Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Roth" title="Philip Roth">Philip Roth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Lee_Corporation" title="Sara Lee Corporation">Sara Lee Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_Theatre_Company" title="Steppenwolf Theatre Company">Steppenwolf Theatre Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Verdon" title="Gwen Verdon">Gwen Verdon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Diamond" title="Irene Diamond">Irene Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Graves" title="Michael Graves">Michael Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odetta" title="Odetta">Odetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_LeNoire" title="Rosetta LeNoire">Rosetta LeNoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Lichtenstein" title="Harvey Lichtenstein">Harvey Lichtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Mendoza" title="Lydia Mendoza">Lydia Mendoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Segal_(artist)" title="George Segal (artist)">George Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1996162" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1996_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:1996 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1996_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:1996 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1996_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1996 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_1996162" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_inductees" title="List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees">Class of 1996</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Performers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight_%26_the_Pips" title="Gladys Knight & the Pips">Gladys Knight & the Pips</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Guest_(singer)" title="William Guest (singer)">William Guest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Knight" title="Gladys Knight">Gladys Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merald_%22Bubba%22_Knight" class="mw-redirect" title="Merald "Bubba" Knight">Merald "Bubba" Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Patten" title="Edward Patten">Edward Patten</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Airplane" title="Jefferson Airplane">Jefferson Airplane</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Balin" title="Marty Balin">Marty Balin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Casady" title="Jack Casady">Jack Casady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Dryden" title="Spencer Dryden">Spencer Dryden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kantner" title="Paul Kantner">Paul Kantner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorma_Kaukonen" title="Jorma Kaukonen">Jorma Kaukonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grace_Slick" title="Grace Slick">Grace Slick</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Little_Willie_John" title="Little Willie John">Little Willie John</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syd_Barrett" title="Syd Barrett">Syd Barrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour">David Gilmour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Mason" title="Nick Mason">Nick Mason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Waters" title="Roger Waters">Roger Waters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wright_(musician)" title="Richard Wright (musician)">Richard Wright</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Shirelles" title="The Shirelles">The Shirelles</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doris_Coley" title="Doris Coley">Doris Kenner-Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Shirelles" title="The Shirelles">Addie Harris</a>, Beverly Lee, <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Owens" title="Shirley Owens">Shirley Owens</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Velvet_Underground" title="The Velvet Underground">The Velvet Underground</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cale" title="John Cale">John Cale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Morrison" title="Sterling Morrison">Sterling Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moe_Tucker" title="Moe Tucker">Maureen Tucker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers<br />(Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tom_Donahue_(DJ)" title="Tom Donahue (DJ)">Tom Donahue</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="The_Weavers222" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Weavers" title="Template:The Weavers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Weavers" title="Template talk:The Weavers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Weavers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Weavers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Weavers222" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers" title="The Weavers">The Weavers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Gilbert" title="Ronnie Gilbert">Ronnie Gilbert</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hays" title="Lee Hays">Lee Hays</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hellerman" title="Fred Hellerman">Fred Hellerman</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Darling" title="Erik Darling">Erik Darling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hamilton_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Hamilton (musician)">Frank Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Krause" title="Bernie Krause">Bernie Krause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers_at_Carnegie_Hall" title="The Weavers at Carnegie Hall">The Weavers at Carnegie Hall</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers_at_Carnegie_Hall_Vol._2" title="The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2">The Weavers at Carnegie Hall Vol. 2</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers:_Wasn%27t_That_a_Time!" title="The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time!">The Weavers: Wasn't That a Time!</a></i> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almanac_Singers" class="mw-redirect" title="Almanac Singers">Almanac Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Songs" title="People's Songs">People's Songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Civil_rights_movement_(1954–1968)366" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Civil_rights_movement" title="Template:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Civil_rights_movement" title="Template talk:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Civil_rights_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Civil rights movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civil_rights_movement_(1954–1968)366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement</a> (1954–1968)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Events<br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_civil_rights_movement" title="Timeline of the civil rights movement">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">Prior to 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Reconciliation" title="Journey of Reconciliation">Journey of Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_9981" title="Executive Order 9981">Executive Order 9981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Harry_and_Harriette_Moore" title="Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore">Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter" title="Sweatt v. Painter">Sweatt v. Painter</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McLaurin_v._Oklahoma_State_Regents" title="McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents">McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge_bus_boycott" title="Baton Rouge bus boycott">Baton Rouge bus boycott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1954–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bolling_v._Sharpe" title="Bolling v. Sharpe">Bolling v. Sharpe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Briggs_v._Elliott" title="Briggs v. Elliott">Briggs v. Elliott</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Davis_v._County_School_Board_of_Prince_Edward_County" title="Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County">Davis v. Prince Edward County</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gebhart_v._Belton" title="Gebhart v. Belton">Gebhart v. Belton</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keys_v._Carolina_Coach_Co." title="Keys v. Carolina Coach Co.">Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallahassee_bus_boycott" title="Tallahassee bus boycott">Tallahassee bus boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_school_desegregation_incident" title="Mansfield school desegregation incident">Mansfield school desegregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_Pilgrimage_for_Freedom" title="Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom">1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Give_Us_the_Ballot" title="Give Us the Ballot">Give Us the Ballot</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Ice_Cream_sit-in" title="Royal Ice Cream sit-in">Royal Ice Cream sit-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine" title="Little Rock Nine">Little Rock Nine</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cooper_v._Aaron" title="Cooper v. Aaron">Cooper v. Aaron</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1957" title="Civil Rights Act of 1957">Civil Rights Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministers%27_Manifesto" title="Ministers' Manifesto">Ministers' Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katz_Drug_Store_sit-in" title="Katz Drug Store sit-in">Katz Drug Store sit-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissing_Case" title="Kissing Case">Kissing Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi_wade-ins" title="Biloxi wade-ins">Biloxi wade-ins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1960–1963</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day_March" title="New Year's Day March">New Year's Day March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greensboro_sit-ins" title="Greensboro sit-ins">Greensboro sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_sit-ins" title="Nashville sit-ins">Nashville sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibley_Commission" title="Sibley Commission">Sibley Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_sit-ins" title="Atlanta sit-ins">Atlanta sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_Protest_Movement" title="Savannah Protest Movement">Savannah Protest Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_Eight" title="Greenville Eight">Greenville Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1960" title="Civil Rights Act of 1960">Civil Rights Act of 1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ax_Handle_Saturday" title="Ax Handle Saturday">Ax Handle Saturday</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gomillion_v._Lightfoot" title="Gomillion v. Lightfoot">Gomillion v. Lightfoot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boynton_v._Virginia" title="Boynton v. Virginia">Boynton v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_desegregation_riot" title="University of Georgia desegregation riot">University of Georgia desegregation riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Nine" title="Friendship Nine">Rock Hill sit-ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Day_Address" title="Law Day Address">Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Rides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anniston_and_Birmingham_bus_attacks" title="Anniston and Birmingham bus attacks">Anniston and Birmingham bus attacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garner_v._Louisiana" title="Garner v. Louisiana">Garner v. Louisiana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Movement" title="Albany Movement">Albany Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_movement_(civil_rights)" title="Cambridge movement (civil rights)">Cambridge movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_sit-ins" title="University of Chicago sit-ins">University of Chicago sit-ins</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Second_Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Second Emancipation Proclamation">Second Emancipation Proclamation</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ole_Miss_riot_of_1962" title="Ole Miss riot of 1962">Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta%27s_Berlin_Wall" title="Atlanta's Berlin Wall">Atlanta's Berlin Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace%27s_1963_Inaugural_Address" title="George Wallace's 1963 Inaugural Address">"Segregation now, segregation forever"</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door" title="Stand in the Schoolhouse Door">Stand in the Schoolhouse Door</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">1963 Birmingham campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_from_Birmingham_Jail" title="Letter from Birmingham Jail">Letter from Birmingham Jail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Crusade_(1963)" title="Children's Crusade (1963)">Children's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_riot_of_1963" title="Birmingham riot of 1963">Birmingham riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church_bombing" title="16th Street Baptist Church bombing">16th Street Baptist Church bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report_to_the_American_People_on_Civil_Rights" title="Report to the American People on Civil Rights">John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Walk_to_Freedom" title="Detroit Walk to Freedom">Detroit Walk to Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington" title="March on Washington">March on Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">"I Have a Dream"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Six_(activists)" title="Big Six (activists)">Big Six</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_movement" title="St. Augustine movement">St. Augustine movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee; vertical-align: middle">1964–1968</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twenty-fourth Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_school_protests" title="Chester school protests">Chester school protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Tuesday_(1964)" title="Bloody Tuesday (1964)">Bloody Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Monson_Motor_Lodge_protests" title="1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests">1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">workers' murders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Atlanta_Motel,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States">Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katzenbach_v._McClung" title="Katzenbach v. McClung">Katzenbach v. McClung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964%E2%80%931965_Scripto_strike" title="1964–1965 Scripto strike">1964–1965 Scripto strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">1965 Selma to Montgomery marches</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Long,_Not_Long" title="How Long, Not Long">How Long, Not Long</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCOPE_Project" title="SCOPE Project">SCOPE Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harper_v._Virginia_State_Board_of_Elections" title="Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections">Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_Against_Fear" title="March Against Fear">March Against Fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Conference_on_Civil_Rights" title="White House Conference on Civil Rights">White House Conference on Civil Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loving_v._Virginia" title="Loving v. Virginia">Loving v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_sanitation_strike" title="Memphis sanitation strike">Memphis sanitation strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">King assassination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Funeral of Martin Luther King Jr.">funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_assassination_riots" title="King assassination riots">riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Civil Rights Act of 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_v._County_School_Board_of_New_Kent_County" title="Green v. County School Board of New Kent County">Green v. County School Board of New Kent County</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jones_v._Alfred_H._Mayer_Co." title="Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.">Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Olympics_Black_Power_salute" title="1968 Olympics Black Power salute">1968 Olympics Black Power salute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activist<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Christian_Movement_for_Human_Rights" title="Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights">Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">American Friends Service Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Negro_Voters_League" title="Atlanta Negro Voters League">Atlanta Negro Voters League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Student_Movement" title="Atlanta Student Movement">Atlanta Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Sleeping_Car_Porters" title="Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters">Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Freedom_Now" title="Committee for Freedom Now">Committee for Freedom Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Appeal_for_Human_Rights" title="Committee on Appeal for Human Rights">Committee on Appeal for Human Rights</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Appeal_for_Human_Rights" title="An Appeal for Human Rights">An Appeal for Human Rights</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_United_Civil_Rights_Leadership" title="Council for United Civil Rights Leadership">Council for United Civil Rights Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Federated_Organizations" title="Council of Federated Organizations">Council of Federated Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_County_Voters_League" title="Dallas County Voters League">Dallas County Voters League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacons_for_Defense_and_Justice" title="Deacons for Defense and Justice">Deacons for Defense and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Council_on_Human_Relations" title="Georgia Council on Human Relations">Georgia Council on Human Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlander_Research_and_Education_Center" title="Highlander Research and Education Center">Highlander Folk School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Conference_on_Civil_and_Human_Rights" title="Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights">Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowndes_County_Freedom_Organization" title="Lowndes County Freedom Organization">Lowndes County Freedom Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Freedom_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party">Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Improvement_Association" title="Montgomery Improvement Association">Montgomery Improvement Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAACP_Youth_Council" title="NAACP Youth Council">Youth Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Student_Movement" title="Northern Student Movement">Northern Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Breadbasket" title="Operation Breadbasket">Operation Breadbasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Council_of_Negro_Leadership" title="Regional Council of Negro Leadership">Regional Council of Negro Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Regional_Council" title="Southern Regional Council">Southern Regional Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freedom_Singers" title="The Freedom Singers">The Freedom Singers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers (UAW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wednesdays_in_Mississippi" title="Wednesdays in Mississippi">Wednesdays in Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Political_Council" title="Women's Political Council">Women's Political Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Abernathy" title="Juanita Abernathy">Juanita Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Gray_Adams" title="Victoria Gray Adams">Victoria Gray Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zev_Aelony" title="Zev Aelony">Zev Aelony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Ahmann" title="Mathew Ahmann">Mathew Ahmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Anderson" title="William G. Anderson">William G. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Elaine_Armstrong" title="Gwendolyn Elaine Armstrong">Gwendolyn Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Aronson" title="Arnold Aronson">Arnold Aronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Barry" title="Marion Barry">Marion Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Black_(minister)" title="Claude Black (minister)">Claude Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Blackwell" title="Gloria Blackwell">Gloria Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_Blackwell" title="Randolph Blackwell">Randolph Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unita_Blackwell" title="Unita Blackwell">Unita Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezell_Blair_Jr." title="Ezell Blair Jr.">Ezell Blair Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Bland" title="Joanne Bland">Joanne Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Boone" title="Joseph E. Boone">Joseph E. Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Holmes_Borders" title="William Holmes Borders">William Holmes Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Boynton" title="Bruce Boynton">Bruce Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raylawni_Branch" title="Raylawni Branch">Raylawni Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Branche" title="Stanley Branche">Stanley Branche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelia_Browder" title="Aurelia Browder">Aurelia Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Rap_Brown" title="H. Rap Brown">H. Rap Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Calhoun" title="John H. Calhoun">John H. Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Carawan" title="Guy Carawan">Guy Carawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Carmichael" title="Stokely Carmichael">Stokely Carmichael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Carr" title="Johnnie Carr">Johnnie Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">James Chaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Chestnut_Jr." title="J. L. Chestnut Jr.">J. L. Chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colia_Clark" title="Colia Clark">Colia Lafayette Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Clark" title="Ramsey Clark">Ramsey Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septima_Poinsette_Clark" title="Septima Poinsette Clark">Septima Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xernona_Clayton" title="Xernona Clayton">Xernona Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Cleaver" title="Eldridge Cleaver">Eldridge Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Cleaver" title="Kathleen Cleaver">Kathleen Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Dobbs_Clement" title="Josephine Dobbs Clement">Josephine Dobbs Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Cobb_Jr." title="Charles E. Cobb Jr.">Charles E. Cobb Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Lee_Cooper" title="Annie Lee Cooper">Annie Lee Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Cotton" title="Dorothy Cotton">Dorothy Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Dahmer" title="Vernon Dahmer">Vernon Dahmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Daniels" title="Jonathan Daniels">Jonathan Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Davis" title="Abraham Lincoln Davis">Abraham Lincoln Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_DeLaine" title="Joseph DeLaine">Joseph DeLaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Dennis_(activist)" title="Dave Dennis (activist)">Dave Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Bell_Robinson_Devine" title="Annie Bell Robinson Devine">Annie Bell Robinson Devine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Dobbs" title="John Wesley Dobbs">John Wesley Dobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Stephens_Due" title="Patricia Stephens Due">Patricia Stephens Due</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ellwanger" title="Joseph Ellwanger">Joseph Ellwanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evers" title="Charles Evers">Charles Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrlie_Evers-Williams" title="Myrlie Evers-Williams">Myrlie Evers-Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fager" title="Chuck Fager">Chuck Fager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fauntroy" title="Walter Fauntroy">Walter Fauntroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Forman" title="James Forman">James Forman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Foster" title="Marie Foster">Marie Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Frinks" title="Golden Frinks">Golden Frinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graetz" title="Robert Graetz">Robert Graetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Greenberg" title="Jack Greenberg">Jack Greenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Guyot" title="Lawrence Guyot">Lawrence Guyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathia_Hall" title="Prathia Hall">Prathia Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Harbour" title="William E. Harbour">William E. Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Harding" title="Vincent Harding">Vincent Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Faye_Hendricks" title="Audrey Faye Hendricks">Audrey Faye Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Hendricks" title="Lola Hendricks">Lola Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Henry_(politician)" title="Aaron Henry (politician)">Aaron Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Hill_(attorney)" title="Oliver Hill (attorney)">Oliver Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Hollowell" title="Donald L. Hollowell">Donald L. Hollowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hood" title="James Hood">James Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Horton" title="Myles Horton">Myles Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilphia_Horton" title="Zilphia Horton">Zilphia Horton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._R._M._Howard" title="T. R. M. Howard">T. R. M. Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Hurley" title="Ruby Hurley">Ruby Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Ivory" title="Cecil Ivory">Cecil Ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jimmie_Lee_Jackson" title="Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson">Jimmie Lee Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richie_Jean_Jackson" title="Richie Jean Jackson">Richie Jean Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._Jemison" title="T. J. Jemison">T. J. Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esau_Jenkins" title="Esau Jenkins">Esau Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Johns" title="Vernon Johns">Vernon Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Minis_Johnson" title="Frank Minis Johnson">Frank Minis Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_B._Jones" title="Clarence B. Jones">Clarence Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Charles_Jones" title="J. Charles Jones">J. Charles Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Jones_(activist)" title="Matthew Jones (activist)">Matthew Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kahn" title="Tom Kahn">Tom Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Kennard" title="Clyde Kennard">Clyde Kennard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._D._King" title="A. D. King">A. D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevene_Bowers_King" title="Chevene Bowers King">C.B. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Sr." title="Martin Luther King Sr.">Martin Luther King Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lee_(activist)" title="Bernard Lee (activist)">Bernard Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanford_R._Leigh" title="Sanford R. Leigh">Sanford R. Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Letherer" title="Jim Letherer">Jim Letherer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Levison" title="Stanley Levison">Stanley Levison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Liuzzo" title="Viola Liuzzo">Viola Liuzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z._Alexander_Looby" title="Z. Alexander Looby">Z. Alexander Looby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Luper" title="Clara Luper">Clara Luper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Lyon" title="Danny Lyon">Danny Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Mallory" title="Mae Mallory">Mae Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Malone_Jones" title="Vivian Malone Jones">Vivian Malone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Mants" title="Bob Mants">Bob Mants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mays" title="Benjamin Mays">Benjamin Mays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_McCain" title="Franklin McCain">Franklin McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_McDew" title="Charles McDew">Charles McDew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_McGill" title="Ralph McGill">Ralph McGill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_McKissick" title="Floyd McKissick">Floyd McKissick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McNeil" title="Joseph McNeil">Joseph McNeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meredith" title="James Meredith">James Meredith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Ming" title="William Robert Ming">William Ming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Minnis" title="Jack Minnis">Jack Minnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amzie_Moore" title="Amzie Moore">Amzie Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._Moore" title="Cecil B. Moore">Cecil B. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_E._Moore" title="Douglas E. Moore">Douglas E. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriette_Moore" title="Harriette Moore">Harriette Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry T. Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Mother_Moore" title="Queen Mother Moore">Queen Mother Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Moore" title="William Lewis Moore">William Lewis Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Morgan" title="Irene Morgan">Irene Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Moyer" title="William Moyer">William Moyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Muhammad" title="Elijah Muhammad">Elijah Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Neblett" title="Charles Neblett">Charles Neblett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Nixon" title="E. D. Nixon">Edgar Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_O%27Dell" title="Jack O'Dell">Jack O'Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Orange" title="James Orange">James Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Peck_(pacifist)" title="James Peck (pacifist)">James Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Person" title="Charles Person">Charles Person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Plessy" title="Homer Plessy">Homer Plessy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Bellamy_Powell" title="Fay Bellamy Powell">Fay Bellamy Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_N._Powell" title="Rodney N. Powell">Rodney N. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Raby" title="Albert Raby">Al Raby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ragsdale" title="Lincoln Ragsdale">Lincoln Ragsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Raymond" title="George Raymond">George Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Raymond_Jr." title="George Raymond Jr.">George Raymond Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Johnson_Reagon" title="Bernice Johnson Reagon">Bernice Johnson Reagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Reagon" title="Cordell Reagon">Cordell Reagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reeb" title="James Reeb">James Reeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Reese" title="Frederick D. Reese">Frederick D. Reese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Richardson" title="Gloria Richardson">Gloria Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Richmond_(activist)" title="David Richmond (activist)">David Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Robinson" title="Bernice Robinson">Bernice Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Ann_Robinson" title="Jo Ann Robinson">Jo Ann Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Russell_(politician)" title="Angela Russell (politician)">Angela Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayard_Rustin" title="Bayard Rustin">Bayard Rustin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Bobby Seale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Sellers" title="Cleveland Sellers">Cleveland Sellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrod" title="Charles Sherrod">Charles Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_D._Shimkin" title="Alexander D. Shimkin">Alexander D. Shimkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modjeska_Monteith_Simkins" title="Modjeska Monteith Simkins">Modjeska Monteith Simkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_E._Smiley" title="Glenn E. Smiley">Glenn E. Smiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Maceo_Smith" title="A. Maceo Smith">A. Maceo Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Miller_Smith" title="Kelly Miller Smith">Kelly Miller Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Louise_Smith_(activist)" title="Mary Louise Smith (activist)">Mary Louise Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxine_Smith" title="Maxine Smith">Maxine Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Doris_Smith-Robinson" title="Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson">Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kenzie_Steele" title="Charles Kenzie Steele">Charles Kenzie Steele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Thomas" title="Hank Thomas">Hank Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Tillman" title="Dorothy Tillman">Dorothy Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._Tureaud" title="A. P. Tureaud">A. P. Tureaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartman_Turnbow" title="Hartman Turnbow">Hartman Turnbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Turner_(activist)" title="Albert Turner (activist)">Albert Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._T._Walden" title="A. T. Walden">A. T. Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker" title="Wyatt Tee Walker">Wyatt Tee Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollis_Watkins" title="Hollis Watkins">Hollis Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Francis_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Francis White">Walter Francis White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea_Williams" title="Hosea Williams">Hosea Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Kale Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Williams" title="Robert F. Williams">Robert F. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q._V._Williamson" title="Q. V. Williamson">Q. V. Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Younge_Jr." title="Sammy Younge Jr.">Sammy Younge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Zellner" title="Bob Zellner">Bob Zellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Zwerg" title="James Zwerg">James Zwerg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Civil rights movement in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="South Carolina in the civil rights movement">South Carolina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Movement<br />songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_Gonna_Let_Nobody_Turn_Me_%27Round" title="Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round">"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/If_You_Miss_Me_at_the_Back_of_the_Bus" title="If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus">"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbaya" title="Kumbaya">"Kumbaya"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Your_Eyes_on_the_Prize" title="Keep Your Eyes on the Prize">"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Freedom" title="Oh, Freedom">"Oh, Freedom"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Little_Light_of_Mine" title="This Little Light of Mine">"This Little Light of Mine"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Shall_Not_Be_Moved" title="I Shall Not Be Moved">"We Shall Not Be Moved"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">"We Shall Overcome"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_Up_This_Morning_(With_My_Mind_Stayed_On_Freedom)" title="Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)">"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Padayatra" title="Padayatra">Padayatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buchanan_v._Warley" title="Buchanan v. Warley">Buchanan v. Warley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hocutt_v._Wilson" title="Hocutt v. Wilson">Hocutt v. Wilson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter" title="Sweatt v. Painter">Sweatt v. Painter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hernandez_v._Texas" title="Hernandez v. Texas">Hernandez v. Texas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loving_v._Virginia" title="Loving v. Virginia">Loving v. Virginia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="African-American women in the civil rights movement">African-American women in the movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_the_civil_rights_movement" title="Jews in the civil rights movement">Jews in the civil rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Circuit_Four" title="Fifth Circuit Four">Fifth Circuit Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church" title="16th Street Baptist Church">16th Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Ingram_Park" title="Kelly Ingram Park">Kelly Ingram Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.G._Gaston_Motel" title="A.G. Gaston Motel">A.G. Gaston Motel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Birmingham,_Alabama)" title="Bethel Baptist Church (Birmingham, Alabama)">Bethel Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Chapel_A.M.E._Church_(Selma,_Alabama)" title="Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama)">Brown Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_Avenue_Baptist_Church" title="Dexter Avenue Baptist Church">Dexter Avenue Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holt_Street_Baptist_Church" title="Holt Street Baptist Church">Holt Street Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Pettus_Bridge" title="Edmund Pettus Bridge">Edmund Pettus Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_Movement" title="March on Washington Movement">March on Washington Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_African-American_churches#20th_Century" title="List of attacks against African-American churches">African-American churches attacked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">List of lynching victims in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Schools" title="Freedom Schools">Freedom Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_song" title="Freedom song">Freedom songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mobilization_Committee_to_End_the_War_in_Vietnam" title="National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam">Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beyond_Vietnam:_A_Time_to_Break_Silence" title="Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence">Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_Education_Project" title="Voter Education Project">Voter Education Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">1960s counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_on_the_Prize" title="Eyes on the Prize">Eyes on the Prize</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Civil rights movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_Institute" title="Birmingham Civil Rights Institute">Birmingham Civil Rights Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Civil_Rights_National_Monument" title="Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument">Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Memorial" title="Civil Rights Memorial">Civil Rights Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement_Archive" title="Civil Rights Movement Archive">Civil Rights Movement Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_and_Mamie_Till-Mobley_National_Monument" title="Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument">Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_and_Myrlie_Evers_Home_National_Monument" title="Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument">Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Rides_Museum" title="Freedom Rides Museum">Freedom Rides Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders_National_Monument" title="Freedom Riders National Monument">Freedom Riders National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Center_for_Nonviolent_Social_Change" title="King Center for Nonviolent Social Change">King Center for Nonviolent Social Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.">other King memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="Mississippi Civil Rights Museum">Mississippi Civil Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Rights_Museum" title="National Civil Rights Museum">National Civil Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voting_Rights_Museum" title="National Voting Rights Museum">National Voting Rights Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine_Foot_Soldiers_Monument" title="St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument">St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Salute_(statue)" title="Victory Salute (statue)">Olympic Black Power Statue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Noted<br />historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Branch" title="Taylor Branch">Taylor Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayborne_Carson" title="Clayborne Carson">Clayborne Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dittmer" title="John Dittmer">John Dittmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Michael Eric Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Fager" title="Chuck Fager">Chuck Fager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Fairclough" title="Adam Fairclough">Adam Fairclough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Garrow" title="David Garrow">David Garrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">David Halberstam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Harding" title="Vincent Harding">Vincent Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_F._Lawson" title="Steven F. Lawson">Steven F. Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_McAdam" title="Doug McAdam">Doug McAdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_McWhorter" title="Diane McWhorter">Diane McWhorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Payne" title="Charles M. Payne">Charles M. Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Ricks_(journalist)" title="Thomas E. Ricks (journalist)">Thomas E. Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Tyson" title="Timothy Tyson">Timothy Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akinyele_Umoja" title="Akinyele Umoja">Akinyele Umoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers_of_the_civil_rights_movement" title="List of photographers of the civil rights movement">Movement photographers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ACRM" title="Wikipedia:ACRM"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/19px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/29px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Logo_SNCC.svg/38px-Logo_SNCC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Civil_rights_movement" title="Portal:Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Banjo92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Banjo" title="Template:Banjo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Banjo" title="Template talk:Banjo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Banjo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Banjo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Banjo92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technique</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjo_roll" title="Banjo roll">Roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clawhammer" title="Clawhammer">Clawhammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drone (music)">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G_run" title="G run">G run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_style" title="Keith style">Keith style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scruggs_style" title="Scruggs style">Scruggs style</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjo_guitar" title="Banjo guitar">Banjo guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjo_ukulele" title="Banjo ukulele">Banjo ukulele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandolin-banjo" title="Mandolin-banjo">Mandolin-banjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_banjo" title="Bass banjo">Bass banjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjeaurine" title="Banjeaurine">Banjeaurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">Minstrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">Old-time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Traditional Irish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four-String_Banjo_Hall_of_Fame_Members" class="mw-redirect" title="Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame Members">Four-String Banjo Hall of Fame Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Brown" title="Allison Brown">Allison Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.D._Crowe" class="mw-redirect" title="J.D. Crowe">J.D. Crowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9la_Fleck" title="Béla Fleck">Béla Fleck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiannon_Giddens" title="Rhiannon Giddens">Rhiannon Giddens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keith_(musician)" title="Bill Keith (musician)">Bill Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Reno" title="Don Reno">Don Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Scruggs" title="Earl Scruggs">Earl Scruggs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pete Seeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Stanley" title="Ralph Stanley">Ralph Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Strayer" title="Emily Strayer">Emily Strayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Trischka" title="Tony Trischka">Tony Trischka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Tuttle" title="Molly Tuttle">Molly Tuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Washburn" title="Abigail Washburn">Abigail Washburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Essex" title="Clifford Essex">Clifford Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deering_Banjo_Company" title="Deering Banjo Company">Deering Banjo Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framus" title="Framus">Framus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favilla_Guitars" title="Favilla Guitars">Favilla Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibson_(guitar_company)" title="Gibson (guitar company)">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretsch" title="Gretsch">Gretsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanez" title="Ibanez">Ibanez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slingerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Slingerland">Slingerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BCmb%C3%BC%C5%9F" title="Cümbüş">Cümbüş</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244441#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4038" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244441#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata4038" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244441#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114891893">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/27248780">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1640/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyGT8gcxJ9thDky737j4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11925557X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50006375">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13770163d">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13770163d">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00474788">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Seeger, Pete"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV809174">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36175973">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ja20020044759&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1117180">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073512028">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90528354">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000243779&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000063558&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201772403">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9pszcjw3m2c051">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810703131005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007298753005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000201478">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058509075906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14268975">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12747218?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Pete Seeger"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/af18a9bc-e4ab-4068-9489-b64e8186fcf1">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/209241">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/pete-seeger/6333">Grammy Awards</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_11925557X">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1224367">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/11925557X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11925557X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/083893148">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10581805">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bz67hg">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&oldid=1281492134">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pete_Seeger&oldid=1281492134</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pete_Seeger" title="Category:Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1919_births" title="Category:1919 births">1919 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2014_deaths" title="Category:2014 deaths">2014 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_guitarists" title="Category:20th-century American guitarists">20th-century American guitarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_for_African-American_civil_rights" title="Category:Activists for African-American civil rights">Activists for African-American civil rights</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_from_Manhattan" title="Category:Activists from Manhattan">Activists from Manhattan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_acoustic_guitarists" title="Category:American acoustic guitarists">American acoustic guitarists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_anti-war_activists" title="Category:American anti-war activists">American anti-war activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_anti%E2%80%93Vietnam_War_activists" title="Category:American anti–Vietnam War activists">American anti–Vietnam War activists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_banjoists" 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