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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pacific typhoon in 1992</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1160504542">.mw-parser-output .ib-weather-event .infobox-header>.nowrap{margin:0 8px}</style><table class="infobox ib-weather-event"><caption class="infobox-title">Typhoon Gay (Seniang)</caption> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gay_nov_20_1992_2115Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gay_nov_20_1992_2115Z.jpg/220px-Gay_nov_20_1992_2115Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gay_nov_20_1992_2115Z.jpg/330px-Gay_nov_20_1992_2115Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Gay_nov_20_1992_2115Z.jpg/440px-Gay_nov_20_1992_2115Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gay near peak intensity on November 20</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #ddd;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Meteorological history</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">November 14, 1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical</a></th><td class="infobox-data">November 29, 1992</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissipated</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1, 1992</td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1160504542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Violent typhoon</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>10-minute sustained</i> (<a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency" title="Japan Meteorological Agency">JMA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">205 km/h (125 mph)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest pressure</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">900 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">hPa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">mbar</a>); 26.58 <a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">inHg</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1160504542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="font-size: 100%; background-color: #A188FC"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="nowrap">Category 5-equivalent super typhoon</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><i>1-minute sustained</i> (<a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">SSHWS</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">JTWC</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest winds</th><td class="infobox-data">295 km/h (185 mph)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest pressure</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">872 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">hPa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">mbar</a>); 25.75 <a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">inHg</a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr style="background-color: #00000022; color: inherit;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Overall effects</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data">1 total</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damage</th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas affected</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, Japan, <a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands" title="Aleutian Islands">Aleutian Islands</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncics.org/ibtracs/index.php?name=v04r00-1992318N06182">IBTrACS</a><span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7861180#P4540" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr />Part of the <b><a href="/wiki/1992_Pacific_typhoon_season" title="1992 Pacific typhoon season">1992 Pacific typhoon season</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Typhoon Gay</b>, known in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> as <b>Typhoon Seniang</b>, was the strongest and longest-lasting storm of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Pacific_typhoon_season" title="1992 Pacific typhoon season">1992 Pacific typhoon season</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclones_in_1992" title="Tropical cyclones in 1992">most intense globally in 1992</a>. It formed on November 14 near the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> from a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon_trough" title="Monsoon trough">monsoon trough</a>, which also spawned two other systems. Typhoon Gay later moved through the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a> as an intensifying <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoon</a>, and after passing through the country it reached its peak intensity over open waters. The <a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)</a> estimated peak winds of 295 km/h (183 mph) and a minimum <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">barometric pressure</a> of 872 mb (25.8 inHg). However, the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency" title="Japan Meteorological Agency">Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)</a>, which is the official warning center in the western Pacific, estimated winds of 205 km/h (127 mph), with a pressure of 900 mbar (27 inHg). Gay weakened rapidly after peaking because of interaction with another typhoon, and it struck <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> with winds of 160 km/h (99 mph) on November 23. The typhoon briefly re-intensified before weakening and becoming <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical</a> south of Japan on November 30. </p><p>The typhoon first affected the Marshall Islands, where 5,000 people became homeless and heavy crop damage was reported. The nation's capital of <a href="/wiki/Majuro" title="Majuro">Majuro</a> experienced power and water outages during the storm. There were no fatalities among Marshall Islands citizens, although the typhoon killed a sailor traveling around the world. When Gay struck Guam, it became the sixth typhoon of the year to affect the island. Most of the weaker structures had been destroyed during <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Omar" title="Typhoon Omar">Typhoon Omar</a> earlier in the year, resulting in little additional damage from Gay. Because of its substantial weakening, the typhoon had a disrupted inner-core and produced minimal rainfall. However, strong winds scorched the plants on Guam with saltwater, causing extensive defoliation. Further north, high waves from the typhoon destroyed a house on <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a>, and heavy rainfall in <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa</a>, Japan, caused flooding and power outages. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meteorological_history">Meteorological history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meteorological history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gay_1992_path.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gay_1992_path.png/275px-Gay_1992_path.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gay_1992_path.png/413px-Gay_1992_path.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Gay_1992_path.png/550px-Gay_1992_path.png 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="">Map key</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""><div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 51em; width: 100%"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Saffir%E2%80%93Simpson_scale" title="Saffir–Simpson scale">Saffir–Simpson scale</a></b></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6EC1EA; color:black;"> </span> Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4DFFFF; color:black;"> </span> Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFD9; color:black;"> </span> Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFD98C; color:black;"> </span> Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF9E59; color:black;"> </span> Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF738A; color:black;"> </span> Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A188FC; color:black;"> </span> Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)<br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black;"> </span> Unknown </div> </div> <div style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 20em; width: 100%;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Storm type</b></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/18px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/27px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/36px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone" title="Tropical cyclone">Tropical cyclone</a></div> <div style="margin-bottom: 4px;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/18px-Solid_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/27px-Solid_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Solid_black.svg/36px-Solid_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_cyclone" title="Subtropical cyclone">Subtropical cyclone</a></div> <div><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="triangle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/18px-ArrowUp.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/27px-ArrowUp.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ArrowUp.svg/36px-ArrowUp.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">Extratropical cyclone</a>, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression</div> </div></div></div></figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of Typhoon Gay were from a tropical disturbance east of the <a href="/wiki/International_Date_Line" title="International Date Line">International Date Line</a> along a <a href="/wiki/Monsoon_trough" title="Monsoon trough">monsoon trough</a> that extended west to the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> in mid-November 1992. The same trough had earlier spawned <a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Forrest" title="Cyclone Forrest">Tropical Storm Forrest</a> and would later create <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoon Hunt">Typhoon Hunt</a>. The tropical disturbance moved westward across the dateline and gradually became better organized with increased <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_convection" title="Atmospheric convection">convection</a>. On November 14, the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> issued a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_Cyclone_Formation_Alert" title="Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert">Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert</a>. At 1800 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> that day, the agency initiated advisories on Tropical Depression 31W, located to the east of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency" title="Japan Meteorological Agency">Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also assessed that the depression had <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclogenesis" title="Tropical cyclogenesis">developed</a> by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-jma_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Gay.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jma_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For most of Typhoon Gay's existence, a strong <a href="/wiki/Anticyclone" title="Anticyclone">anticyclone</a> to its north steered the storm to the west or west-northwest. The JTWC upgraded the storm to <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoon</a> status early on November 17, and the JMA followed suit the next day. Gay first affected <a href="/wiki/Mejit_Island" title="Mejit Island">Mejit Island</a> and eventually crossed the central portion of the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>. Owing to favorable <a href="/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature" title="Sea surface temperature">sea surface temperatures</a> and upper-level <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind patterns</a>, the storm entered a phase of <a href="/wiki/Rapid_deepening" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid deepening">rapid deepening</a> similar to other November typhoons near that location.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 19, the JTWC upgraded Gay to a <a href="/wiki/Super_typhoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Super typhoon">super typhoon</a>, which is a typhoon with <a href="/wiki/Maximum_sustained_wind" title="Maximum sustained wind">1-minute sustained winds</a> of 240 km/h (150 mph). Gradual intensification ensued, and based on <a href="/wiki/Dvorak_technique" title="Dvorak technique">satellite estimates</a>, the JTWC estimated that Typhoon Gay attained peak winds of 295 km/h (183 mph) at 0000 UTC on November 21.<sup id="cite_ref-jtwcbt_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jtwcbt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The agency also estimated that the typhoon reached a minimum <a href="/wiki/Barometric_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Barometric pressure">barometric pressure</a> of 872 mb (25.8 inHg), which would have made Gay the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_intense_tropical_cyclones" title="List of the most intense tropical cyclones">most intense typhoon</a> since <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Tip" title="Typhoon Tip">Typhoon Tip</a> in 1979, tying with <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Patricia" title="Hurricane Patricia">Hurricane Patricia</a> in 2015 for the second-strongest tropical cyclone worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, the JMA estimated peak 10-minute sustained winds of 205 km/h (127 mph), with a pressure of 900 mbar (27 inHg).<sup id="cite_ref-jma_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Gay attained its peak intensity, <a href="/wiki/Outflow_(meteorology)" title="Outflow (meteorology)">outflow</a> from Typhoon Hunt to its northwest increased the <a href="/wiki/Wind_shear" title="Wind shear">wind shear</a> over the typhoon. The wind shear deteriorated Gay's northern <a href="/wiki/Eyewall" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyewall">eyewall</a>, causing the typhoon to weaken. In the 24 hours after Gay reached its peak intensity, the JTWC estimated that the winds had decreased by 65 km/h (40 mph) to below super typhoon status; such rapid weakening is uncommon for a storm over open waters. <a href="/wiki/Tropical_cyclone_forecast_model" title="Tropical cyclone forecast model">Tropical cyclone forecast models</a> had anticipated Gay to make a turn to the north and northeast, but it maintained a west-northwest track toward <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>. Despite weakening steadily, the typhoon maintained a large size with a <a href="/wiki/Radius_of_maximum_wind" title="Radius of maximum wind">wind diameter</a> of 1,480 km (920 mi). Around 0000 UTC on November 23, Gay made <a href="/wiki/Landfall" title="Landfall">landfall</a> on Guam, becoming the third typhoon in three months to strike the island—the others were <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Omar" title="Typhoon Omar">Typhoon Omar</a> in August and Typhoon Brian in October.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the JTWC and the JMA estimated the typhoon to have had winds of 160 km/h (99 mph) at landfall.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The influence from Typhoon Hunt diminished after Gay affected Guam, allowing it to begin restrengthening. Late on November 25, the JTWC estimated that the typhoon attained a secondary peak intensity of 215 km/h (134 mph). Gay subsequently slowed while moving along the western periphery of the <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical ridge">subtropical ridge</a>, and it turned north while gradually weakening.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 28, the JMA downgraded Gay to a tropical storm,<sup id="cite_ref-jma_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the JTWC followed suit the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-jtwcbt_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jtwcbt-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JMA assessed that Gay became an <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_cyclone" title="Extratropical cyclone">extratropical cyclone</a> at 0000 UTC on November 30;<sup id="cite_ref-jma_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the JTWC continued issuing advisories until December 1, making it the longest-lasting typhoon of the season with 63 advisories.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remnant of Gay accelerated and turned to the northeast, passing to the southeast of Japan and crossing the International Date Line.<sup id="cite_ref-jma_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jma-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations_and_impact">Preparations and impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparations and impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marshall_Islands">Marshall Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marshall Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typhoon_Gay_(1992).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Typhoon_Gay_%281992%29.JPG/220px-Typhoon_Gay_%281992%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Typhoon_Gay_%281992%29.JPG/330px-Typhoon_Gay_%281992%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Typhoon_Gay_%281992%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image of Gay at peak intensity</figcaption></figure> <p>Typhoon Gay first affected the Marshall Islands, striking several atolls in the archipelago with typhoon-force winds. On <a href="/wiki/Mejit_Island" title="Mejit Island">Mejit Island</a>, the first island to be affected, the typhoon destroyed every wooden structure and left most of the islanders homeless. High winds downed all of the island's trees and destroyed 75% of the crops. Nearby, <a href="/wiki/Ailuk_Atoll" title="Ailuk Atoll">Ailuk Atoll</a> experienced similar winds, though house damage was minor despite similar crop losses. The large wind field extended to the south, affecting <a href="/wiki/Maloelap_Atoll" title="Maloelap Atoll">Maloelap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aur_Atoll" title="Aur Atoll">Aur</a> atolls with winds that damaged 30% of the houses and crops. Further south, the Marshall Islands capital city of <a href="/wiki/Majuro" title="Majuro">Majuro</a> experienced lightning strikes from the typhoon, which caused an island-wide power outage and cuts to the water supply and radio communication. Debris from the storm closed the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_International_Airport" title="Marshall Islands International Airport">Marshall Islands International Airport</a> for two days. On <a href="/wiki/Ujae_Atoll" title="Ujae Atoll">Ujae Atoll</a>, the typhoon destroyed an automated meteorological observing station that had been installed in 1989. The typhoon left over 5,000 people homeless across the country, but there were no native deaths and only one injury in the archipelago owing to well-executed warnings and preparations.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, large waves from the typhoon sank a boat in a small lagoon, killing one of the boat's two sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guam_and_Northern_Marianas">Guam and Northern Marianas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Guam and Northern Marianas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After affecting the Marshall Islands, Gay tracked toward Guam and became the fifth typhoon to come within 110 km (68 mi) of the island in six months. Extensive preparations were made, including the sending of ships to mitigate damage<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and flying <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> planes to other bases in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The schools, government buildings, airport, and port were closed, and about 4,300 people evacuated to storm shelters. Further north, 1,639 people evacuated to storm shelters on <a href="/wiki/Saipan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saipan">Saipan</a>, which set the record for the most storm evacuees at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite weakening greatly from its peak intensity, Gay struck Guam with sustained winds of 160 km/h (99 mph), with gusts to 195 km/h (121 mph) on <a href="/wiki/Nimitz_Hill_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimitz Hill (geography)">Nimitz Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winds were strong enough to disrupt power and water utilities, as well as destroy a few houses.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of its weakening, Gay had a disrupted inner-core with little precipitation, which prompted the JTWC to label it as a "dry typhoon"; rainfall totals on the island ranged from only 40–90 mm (1.6–3.5 in).<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the extreme winds, little wind-thrown trees or snapped branches were observed. The combination of the winds and light rainfall, however, sprayed saltwater over the island's vegetation, leading to near island-wide loss of leaves. Majority of the local <a href="/wiki/Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon">dicots</a> withered and lost their leaves within two days after the storm, while other plants such as <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">gymnosperms</a> retained their foliage but turned brown.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defoliation led to significant losses for crop farmers;<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in some locations, the crops did not recover for four years.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the east coast of Guam, Gay produced a <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surge</a> of 1.2–1.8 m (3.9–5.9 ft). The surge reached 3.4 m (11 ft) on <a href="/wiki/Cabras_Island" title="Cabras Island">Cabras Island</a> in northern Guam, washing sand and water onto coastal roads and breaking a boat from its moorings. The JTWC estimated that damage would have been worse had Typhoon Omar not destroyed the weaker structures three months earlier;<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> little additional damage occurred to the island's capital of <a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Hagåtña</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The typhoon destroyed four iron roofs on <a href="/wiki/Tinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinian">Tinian</a> Island, located north of Guam. On Saipan to its north, the storm surge destroyed one house and threatened the foundation of several others; twelve families required rescue by emergency workers. The storm caused power outages, and one house sustained fire damage due to candles and kerosene lamps.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Gay was becoming <a href="/wiki/Extratropical_transition" class="mw-redirect" title="Extratropical transition">extratropical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Prefecture" title="Okinawa Prefecture">Okinawa Prefecture</a> experienced heavy rainfall. The highest total was 322 mm (12.7 in), and one station recorded 27 mm (1.1 in) in a ten-minute period. The rains flooded four buildings and inundated crop fields. Rough winds with gusts peaking at 82 km/h (51 mph) caused isolated power outages and the cancellation of two airline flights.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marshall Islands president <a href="/wiki/Amata_Kabua" title="Amata Kabua">Amata Kabua</a> declared nine islands as disaster areas.<sup id="cite_ref-atcr_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United States president <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> also declared the Marshall Islands a disaster area on December 16.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being an independent nation, the Marshall Islands were eligible to the same funding from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency</a> as a U.S. state or territory.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States provided a loan of $508,245 (1994 USD) for emergency assistance and to train locals to mitigate future events. After the storm, workers near Majuro planted seeds to regrow the damaged crops.<sup id="cite_ref-project_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-project-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rapid succession of typhoons in 1992 caused a significant drop in tourism in Guam.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During typhoons Omar and Gay, there was little communication between residents on the island. As a result, the Guam Communications Network was created to facilitate future relief efforts during storms.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A research paper published ten years after the storm suggested that Gay could have been stronger than Typhoon Tip, which attained the lowest barometric pressure ever recorded. While at its peak intensity, Gay registered a rating of 8.0 for nine consecutive hours using the <a href="/wiki/Dvorak_technique" title="Dvorak technique">Dvorak technique</a>, indicating sustained wind speeds of at least (315 km/h (196 mph). In addition, the cyclone had a significantly colder band of clouds around the eye. <a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Angela" title="Typhoon Angela">Typhoon Angela</a> in 1995 presented similar features and could have been stronger than Gay. Neither of the two had direct observations into their eyes, however, making it impossible to confirm such intensity.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/32px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/48px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG/64px-Cyclone_Catarina_from_the_ISS_on_March_26_2004.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2004" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tropical_cyclones" title="Portal:Tropical cyclones">Tropical cyclones portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_storms_named_Gay" title="List of storms named Gay">Other storms named Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typhoon_Angela" title="Typhoon Angela">Typhoon Angela</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Joint_Typhoon_Warning_Center" title="Joint Typhoon Warning Center">Joint Typhoon Warning Center</a> is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Japan_Meteorological_Agency" title="Japan Meteorological Agency">Japan Meteorological Agency</a> is the official <a href="/wiki/Regional_Specialized_Meteorological_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Specialized Meteorological Center">Regional Specialized Meteorological Center</a> for the western Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Gay_(1992)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html">"Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement"</a>. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html">the original</a> on July 26, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Typhoon+Warning+Center+Mission+Statement&rft.pub=Joint+Typhoon+Warning+Center&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetocph.nmci.navy.mil%2Fjtwc%2Fmenu%2FJTWC_mission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATyphoon+Gay+%281992%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atcr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atcr_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915165323/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1992atcr.pdf">1992 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. pp. 146–150. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1992atcr.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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