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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Whaler" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Whaler" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_wartime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_wartime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In wartime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_wartime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specific ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Whaler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinaovlayan_g%C9%99mi" title="Balinaovlayan gəmi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Balinaovlayan gəmi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalfanger_(skib)" title="Hvalfanger (skib) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvalfanger (skib)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walf%C3%A4nger" title="Walfänger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Walfänger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B8%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Φαλαινοθηρικό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαλαινοθηρικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balen%C5%9Dipo" title="Balenŝipo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Balenŝipo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleontzi" title="Baleontzi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baleontzi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleinier" title="Baleinier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Baleinier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleeiro" title="Baleeiro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Baleeiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%A0" title="포경선 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포경선" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_pemburu_paus" title="Kapal pemburu paus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapal pemburu paus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalvei%C3%B0iskip" title="Hvalveiðiskip – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvalveiðiskip" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleniera" title="Baleniera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baleniera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אוניית ציד לווייתנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניית ציד לווייתנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Кит аулау кемесі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кит аулау кемесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_pemburu_paus" title="Kapal pemburu paus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapal pemburu paus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangschip" title="Vangschip – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vangschip" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8%E8%88%B9" title="捕鯨船 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="捕鯨船" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalb%C3%A5t" title="Hvalbåt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hvalbåt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvalb%C3%A5t" title="Kvalbåt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvalbåt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statek_wielorybniczy" title="Statek wielorybniczy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Statek wielorybniczy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baleeiro" title="Baleeiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Baleeiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Китобойное судно – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Китобойное судно" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balenatorja" title="Balenatorja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Balenatorja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Whaler" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Китобійне судно – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Китобійне судно" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E9%AF%A8%E8%88%B9" title="捕鯨船 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捕鯨船" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q973740#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the profession, see <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Whaler_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Whaler (disambiguation)">Whaler (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Whaler" title="Special:EditPage/Whaler">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Whaler%22">"Whaler"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Whaler%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Whaler%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Whaler%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Whaler%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Whaler%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walvisvangst_bij_de_kust_van_Spitsbergen_-_Dutch_whalers_near_Spitsbergen_(Abraham_Storck,_1690).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Walvisvangst_bij_de_kust_van_Spitsbergen_-_Dutch_whalers_near_Spitsbergen_%28Abraham_Storck%2C_1690%29.jpg/300px-Walvisvangst_bij_de_kust_van_Spitsbergen_-_Dutch_whalers_near_Spitsbergen_%28Abraham_Storck%2C_1690%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Walvisvangst_bij_de_kust_van_Spitsbergen_-_Dutch_whalers_near_Spitsbergen_%28Abraham_Storck%2C_1690%29.jpg/450px-Walvisvangst_bij_de_kust_van_Spitsbergen_-_Dutch_whalers_near_Spitsbergen_%28Abraham_Storck%2C_1690%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Walvisvangst_bij_de_kust_van_Spitsbergen_-_Dutch_whalers_near_Spitsbergen_%28Abraham_Storck%2C_1690%29.jpg/600px-Walvisvangst_bij_de_kust_van_Spitsbergen_-_Dutch_whalers_near_Spitsbergen_%28Abraham_Storck%2C_1690%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5408" data-file-height="3798" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch</a> whalers near <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a>, painted by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Storck" title="Abraham Storck">Abraham Storck</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_W_Morgan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Charles_W_Morgan.jpg/200px-Charles_W_Morgan.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Charles_W_Morgan.jpg/300px-Charles_W_Morgan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Charles_W_Morgan.jpg/400px-Charles_W_Morgan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Morgan_(ship)" title="Charles W. Morgan (ship)"><i>Charles W. Morgan</i></a> was a whaleship built in 1841</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>whaler</b> or <b>whaling ship</b> is a specialized vessel, designed or adapted for <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a>: the catching or processing of <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaler&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">History of whaling</a></div> <p>The term <i>whaler</i> is mostly historic. A handful of nations continue with industrial whaling, and one, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, still dedicates a single <a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">factory ship</a> for the industry. The vessels used by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_whaling" title="Aboriginal whaling">aboriginal whaling</a> communities are much smaller and are used for various purposes over the course of the year. </p><p>The <i>whale catcher</i> was developed during the <a href="/wiki/Steam-powered_vessel" title="Steam-powered vessel">Steam-powered vesselage</a> , and then driven by diesel engines throughout much of the twentieth century. It was designed with a <a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a> gun mounted at its bow and was fast enough to chase and catch <a href="/wiki/Rorqual" title="Rorqual">rorquals</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whale</a>. At first, whale catchers either brought the whales they killed to a <a href="/wiki/Whaling_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaling station">whaling station</a>, a settlement ashore where the carcasses could be processed, or to its factory ship anchored in a sheltered bay or inlet. With the later development of the <a href="/wiki/Slipway" title="Slipway">slipway</a> at the ship's <a href="/wiki/Stern" title="Stern">stern</a>, whale catchers were able to transfer their catch to factory ships operating in the open sea.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previous to that was the <i>whaleship</i> of the 16th to early 20th centuries, driven first by sail and then by steam. The most famous example is the fictional <i><a href="/wiki/Pequod_(Moby-Dick)" title="Pequod (Moby-Dick)">Pequod</a></i> in <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i>, a novel based on the <a href="/wiki/Nantucket#The_whaling_industry" title="Nantucket">whaling industry in Nantucket</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_MA" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford, MA">New Bedford</a>. Whaleships carried multiple <a href="/wiki/Whaleboat" title="Whaleboat">whaleboats</a>, open <a href="/wiki/Rowing" title="Rowing">rowing boats</a> used to chase and harpoon the whale. The whaleship would keep watch from the <a href="/wiki/Crow%27s_nest" title="Crow's nest">crowsnest</a>, so it could sail to the signal and lash the dead whale alongside. Then the work of <a href="/wiki/Flensing" title="Flensing">flensing</a> (butchering) began, to separate the whale into its valuable components. The <a href="/wiki/Blubber" title="Blubber">blubber</a> was rendered into <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">whale oil</a> using two or three <a href="/wiki/Try-pot" class="mw-redirect" title="Try-pot">try-pots</a> set in a brick furnace called the <a href="/wiki/Trywork" title="Trywork">tryworks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spermaceti" title="Spermaceti">Spermaceti</a> was especially valuable, and as <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whaling" title="Sperm whaling">sperm whaling</a> voyages were several years long, the whaling ships were equipped for all eventualities. </p><p>There have also been vessels which combined chasing and processing, such as the bottlenose whalers of the late 19th and early 20th century, and catcher/factory ships of the modern era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_wartime">In wartime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaler&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In wartime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The crews of whaling vessels fought small skirmishes for the control of the <a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a> whale fishery between 1613 and 1638. The Dutch were the first Europeans to visit Svalbard, and this gave a head start to <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Whaling in the Netherlands">whaling in the Dutch Republic</a>. </p><p>In the late 18th and early 19th century, the owners of whalers frequently armed their vessels with cannons to enable the vessels to protect themselves against pirates, and in wartime, <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a>. Weapons were also carried on vessels visiting Pacific islands for food, water, and wood in order to defend themselves from the sometimes hostile inhabitants. At the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> in 1793, British privateers captured several French whalers, among them <a href="/wiki/Necker_(1789_ship)" title="Necker (1789 ship)"><i>Necker</i></a> and <i>Deux Amis</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2019_&_№2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2019_&_№2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Anne</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203#2032_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203#2032-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch privateers captured <i>Port de Paix</i> and <i>Penn</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203–204№2038_&_№2044_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203–204№2038_&_№2044-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, many French whalers transferred to the American flag,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> the United States being neutral in the Anglo-French war. </p><p>Some whaleships also carried <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_marque" title="Letter of marque">letters of marque</a> that authorized them to take enemy vessels should the opportunity arise. In July 1793 the British armed whaleship <i>Liverpool</i>, of 20 guns, captured the French whaleship <i>Chardon</i>. However, the French crew succeeded in retaking their vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996200№2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996200№2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also that year, an armed British whaleship captured the French whaleship <i>Hébé</i> in <a href="/wiki/Walvis_Bay" title="Walvis Bay">Walvis Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the U.S. Navy captured two British whaleships, <i><a href="/wiki/Essex_Junior" title="Essex Junior">Atlantic</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Seringapatam_(1799_ship)" title="Seringapatam (1799 ship)"><i>Seringapatam</i></a>, and used them as warships. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy" title="Royal Norwegian Navy">Norwegian</a> and later British Royal Navies requisitioned a number of whalers for use in a variety of functions such as <a href="/wiki/Minesweeping" title="Minesweeping">minesweeping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Search_and_rescue" title="Search and rescue">search and rescue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> vessels categorized as whalers were lost in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaler&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG/300px-Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG/450px-Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG/600px-Icelandic_whalers_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Harpoon ships of the Icelandic whaling fleet in port.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the 1982 moratorium on commercial whaling, few countries still operate whalers, with <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, and Japan among those still operating them. Of those, the <i><a href="/wiki/Nisshin_Maru" title="Nisshin Maru">Nisshin Maru</a></i> of Japan's <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Cetacean_Research" title="Institute of Cetacean Research">Institute of Cetacean Research</a> (ICR) is the only whaling <a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">factory ship</a> in operation. </p><p>As compared to whaling before and during the 19th century, which was executed with handheld harpoons thrown from oar-powered <a href="/wiki/Whaleboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Whaleboats">whaleboats</a> (depicted most famously in Herman Melville's <i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick" class="mw-redirect" title="Moby Dick">Moby Dick</a>)</i>, whaling since the 1900s has been quite different. <a href="/wiki/Whale_oil" title="Whale oil">Whale oil</a>, which fossil-fuel based alternatives has supplanted, is no longer the primary commercial product of whaling. Whaling is now done for whale meat for the relatively small culinary market. (Norwegian whalers account for about 20% of whales caught and Japanese whalers for about 60%.) <a href="/wiki/Harpoon_cannon" title="Harpoon cannon">Harpoon cannons</a>, fired from harpoon ships with displacement in the hundreds of tons, are now universally used for commercial whaling operations. These motorized ships are able to keep up with the sleeker and fast-swimming <a href="/wiki/Rorquals" class="mw-redirect" title="Rorquals">rorquals</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Fin_whale" title="Fin whale">fin whale</a>, that would have been impossible for the muscle-powered rowboats to chase, and allow whaling to be done more safely for the crews. </p><p>The use of grenade-tipped harpoons has greatly improved the effectiveness of whaling, allowing whales to be killed often instantaneously as compared to the previous method in which whales bled to death, which took a long time and left the whale to thrash around in its death throes. These harpoons inject air into the carcass to keep the heavier rorqual whales hunted today from sinking. However, the harpoon-cannon is still criticized for its cruelty as not all whales are killed instantly; death can take from minutes to an hour. </p><p>Japan is currently the only country that engages in <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Japan" title="Whaling in Japan">whaling</a> in the Antarctic, which is now under the protection of the <a href="/wiki/International_Whaling_Commission" title="International Whaling Commission">International Whaling Commission</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean_Whale_Sanctuary" title="Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary">Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary</a>. The area formerly saw large scale commercial whaling operations by numerous countries before the moratorium. The three Japanese harpoon ships of the ICR serve a factory ship that processes the catch on board and preserves it on site in refrigerators, allowing the long endurance whaling missions. These whaling operations, which are claimed by Japan to be for research purposes, sell the meat from these operations on the market, allowed under the current moratorium to defer research costs. They are highly controversial, and are challenged by anti-whaling parties as being merely a disguise for commercial whaling. The <a href="/wiki/Sea_Shepherd_Conservation_Society" title="Sea Shepherd Conservation Society">Sea Shepherd Conservation Society</a> has clashed with the Japanese whalers in the Antarctic in confrontations that have led to international media attention and diplomatic incidents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specific_ships">Specific ships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaler&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specific ships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_brothers_ship_anchor_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Two_brothers_ship_anchor_cropped.jpg/220px-Two_brothers_ship_anchor_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Two_brothers_ship_anchor_cropped.jpg/330px-Two_brothers_ship_anchor_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Two_brothers_ship_anchor_cropped.jpg/440px-Two_brothers_ship_anchor_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1300" /></a><figcaption>Anchor from whaling ship wreck site</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hvalur_9_RE399" class="mw-redirect" title="Hvalur 9 RE399">Hvalur 9 RE399</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason (ship)"><i>Jason</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Southern_Actor" title="Southern Actor">Southern Actor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Morgan_(ship)" title="Charles W. Morgan (ship)"><i>Charles W. Morgan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_(whaleship)" title="Essex (whaleship)"><i>Essex</i></a> (sunk by whale, inspiring the novel <i>Moby-Dick</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Brothers_(ship)" title="Two Brothers (ship)"><i>Two Brothers</i></a> wrecked on Pacific atoll in 1823, wreck found in 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(1811_ship)" title="Hermes (1811 ship)"><i>Hermes</i></a>, wrecked in 1822</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/23/science/industry-whaling-ship-found.html">Industry</a>, which was built in 1815 and capsized in the Gulf of Mexico on May 26, 1836.</li></ul> <p>Perhaps the most lastingly famous fictional whaling ship is the <a href="/wiki/Pequod_(Moby-Dick)" title="Pequod (Moby-Dick)"><i>Pequod</i></a>, a "cannibal of a craft" appearing in Herman Melville's novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaler&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?141835">"<i>Southern Pride HMS</i> (K 249)"</a>. <i>wrecksite.eu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wrecksite.eu&rft.atitle=Southern+Pride+HMS+%28K+249%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrecksite.eu%2Fwreck.aspx%3F141835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2019_&_№2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2019_&_№2020_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemerliac1996">Demerliac (1996)</a>, p. 201, №2019 & №2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203#2032-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203#2032_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemerliac1996">Demerliac (1996)</a>, p. 203, #2032.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203–204№2038_&_№2044-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996203–204№2038_&_№2044_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemerliac1996">Demerliac (1996)</a>, pp. 203–204, №2038 & №2044.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996200№2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996200№2008_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemerliac1996">Demerliac (1996)</a>, p. 200, №2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2017-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemerliac1996201№2017_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemerliac1996">Demerliac (1996)</a>, p. 201, №2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warsailors.com/singleships/kos.html">"Kos"</a>. <i>warsailors.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=warsailors.com&rft.atitle=Kos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warsailors.com%2Fsingleships%2Fkos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uboat.net/allies/warships/types.html?type=MS+Whaler">"MS Whaler"</a>. <i>uboat.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uboat.net&rft.atitle=MS+Whaler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuboat.net%2Fallies%2Fwarships%2Ftypes.html%3Ftype%3DMS%2BWhaler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhaler" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaler&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemerliac1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Demerliac, Alain (1996). <i>La Marine De Louis XVI: Nomenclature Des Navires Français De 1774 À 1792</i> [<i>Louis XVI's Navy: Nomenclature of French ships from 1774 to 1792</i>] (in French). Nice: Éditions OMEGA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-906381-23-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-906381-23-3"><bdi>2-906381-23-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Marine+De+Louis+XVI%3A+Nomenclature+Des+Navires+Fran%C3%A7ais+De+1774+%C3%80+1792&rft.place=Nice&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+OMEGA&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=2-906381-23-3&rft.aulast=Demerliac&rft.aufirst=Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhaler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whaler&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2016" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Ian (2016). <i>Whale Factory Ships and Modern Whaling 1881–2016</i>. Preston, Lancs: Ships in Focus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9928263-9-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9928263-9-0"><bdi>978-0-9928263-9-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whale+Factory+Ships+and+Modern+Whaling+1881%E2%80%932016&rft.place=Preston%2C+Lancs&rft.pub=Ships+in+Focus&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-9928263-9-0&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWhaler" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Fishing_vessel_topics" title="Template:Fishing vessel topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fishing_vessel_topics" title="Template talk:Fishing vessel topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing_vessel_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fishing vessel topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fishing_vessels349" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel#Commercial_vessels" title="Fishing vessel">Commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel#Commercial_vessels" title="Fishing vessel">Commercial fishing boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drifter_(fishing_boat)" title="Drifter (fishing boat)">Drifters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">Factory ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_fleet" title="Fishing fleet">Fishing fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">Longliners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">Research vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">Seiners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_trawler" title="Fishing trawler">Trawlers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Whalers</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jangada-Tibau.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jangada"><img alt="Jangada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jangada-Tibau.jpg/160px-Jangada-Tibau.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jangada-Tibau.jpg/240px-Jangada-Tibau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Jangada-Tibau.jpg/320px-Jangada-Tibau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_fishing_boat" title="Traditional fishing boat">Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_fishing_boat" title="Traditional fishing boat">Traditional fishing boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armadahan" title="Armadahan">Armadahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awang_(boat)" title="Awang (boat)">Awang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagan_(fishing)" title="Bagan (fishing)">Bagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bago_(boat)" title="Bago (boat)">Bago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basnigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Basnigan">Basnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawley" title="Bawley">Bawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigiw" title="Bigiw">Bigiw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokkura" title="Bokkura">Bokkura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixham_trawler" title="Brixham trawler">Brixham trawler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AFque" title="Caïque">Caïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camakau" title="Camakau">Camakau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Islander" title="Cape Islander">Cape Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasse-mar%C3%A9e#Chasse-marée—boat" title="Chasse-marée">Chasse-marée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhot" title="Chhot">Chhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coble" title="Coble">Coble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">Coracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couta" title="Couta">Couta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currach" title="Currach">Currach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhoni_(fishing_vessel)" title="Dhoni (fishing vessel)">Dhoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogger_(boat)" title="Dogger (boat)">Dogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falku%C5%A1a" title="Falkuša">Falkuša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felucca" title="Felucca">Felucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femb%C3%B8ring" title="Fembøring">Fembøring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferilla" title="Ferilla">Ferilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifie" title="Fifie">Fifie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frejgatina" title="Frejgatina">Frejgatina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Sloop" title="Friendship Sloop">Friendship sloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gableboat" title="Gableboat">Gableboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galway_hooker" title="Galway hooker">Galway hooker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_buss" title="Herring buss">Herring buss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipanitika" title="Ipanitika">Ipanitika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongkong" title="Jongkong">Jongkong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangada" title="Jangada">Jangada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukung" title="Jukung">Jukung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkun" title="Junkun">Junkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajjik" title="Kajjik">Kajjik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakap_(boat)" title="Kakap (boat)">Kakap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolae_boat" title="Kolae boat">Kolae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkor_(boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korkor (boat)">Korkor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulibo" title="Kulibo">Kulibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakana" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakana">Lakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa_(ship)" title="Lepa (ship)">Lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepa-lepa_(dugout_canoe)" title="Lepa-lepa (dugout canoe)">Lepa-lepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lis-alis" title="Lis-alis">Lis-alis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londe" title="Londe">Londe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">Lugger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzzu" title="Luzzu">Luzzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_boat" title="Mackinaw boat">Mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayang_(boat)" title="Mayang (boat)">Mayang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_clipper" title="Monterey clipper">Monterey clipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobby_(boat)" title="Nobby (boat)">Nobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordland_(boat)" title="Nordland (boat)">Nordland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontang" title="Ontang">Ontang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orembai" title="Orembai">Orembai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owong" title="Owong">Owong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paduwang" title="Paduwang">Paduwang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajala_(boat)" title="Pajala (boat)">Pajala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panineman" title="Panineman">Panineman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)">Paopao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patorani" title="Patorani">Patorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelang" title="Pelang">Pelang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perahu_payang" title="Perahu payang">Perahu payang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_boat" title="Peter boat">Peter boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirogue" title="Pirogue">Pirogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poveiro_(boat)" title="Poveiro (boat)">Poveiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_boat" title="Pump boat">Pump boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_boat" title="Reed boat">Reed boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandeq" title="Sandeq">Sandeq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salambaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Salambaw">Salambaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampan" title="Sampan">Sampan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sgoth" title="Sgoth">Sgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shad_boat" title="Shad boat">Shad boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixareen" title="Sixareen">Sixareen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smack_(ship)" title="Smack (ship)">Smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sneakbox" title="Sneakbox">Sneakbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takia_(watercraft)" title="Takia (watercraft)">Takia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatara_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatara (ship)">Tatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataya" title="Tataya">Tataya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Va%27a" title="Va'a">Va'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voadeira" title="Voadeira">Voadeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_(watercraft)" title="Wa (watercraft)">Wa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_smack" title="Well smack">Well smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipnol" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipnol">Tipnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yawl" title="Yawl">Yawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoal" title="Yoal">Yoal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dory_(boat)" title="Dory (boat)">Dories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banks_dory" title="Banks dory">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Ann_dory" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Ann dory">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester_dory" title="Gloucester dory">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKenzie_River_dory" title="McKenzie River dory">McKenzie River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swampscott_dory" title="Swampscott dory">Swampscott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oyster boats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bugeye" title="Bugeye">Bugeye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_buy-boat" title="Oyster buy-boat">Buy-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay_deadrise" title="Chesapeake Bay deadrise">Deadrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_canoe" title="Log canoe">Log canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungy" title="Pungy">Pungy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_schooners" class="mw-redirect" title="Oyster schooners">Schooners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharpie_(boat)" title="Sharpie (boat)">Sharpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skipjack_(boat)" title="Skipjack (boat)">Skipjack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_boat_fishing" title="Recreational boat fishing">Recreational</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_boat" title="Bass boat">Bass boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farley_Boats" title="Farley Boats">Farley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_boat_builders" title="List of boat builders">Builders and designers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Bolger" title="Phil Bolger">Philip C. Bolger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing_vessels" title="Category:Fishing vessels">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973740#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1456" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973740#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1456" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q973740#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4639587-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85146360">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Baleiniers (navires)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940778j">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Baleiniers (navires)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11940778j">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="velrybářské lodě"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph369414&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007556028805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/d8d0961f-70d6-4db1-a768-982be250f82b">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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