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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-研究史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>研究史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>生物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>气候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">第四紀</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。79种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwart%C3%AAr" title="Kwartêr – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kwartêr" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quart%C3%A4r_(Geologie)" title="Quartär (Geologie) – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Quartär (Geologie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="العصر الرباعي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العصر الرباعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaternariu" title="Cuaternariu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuaternariu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6rd%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_d%C3%B6vr" title="Dördüncü dövr – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dördüncü dövr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Дүртенсел осор – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дүртенсел осор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%86%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4" title="Чацвярцічны перыяд – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чацвярцічны перыяд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кватернер – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кватернер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF" title="কোয়াটারনারি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কোয়াটারনারি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartar" title="Kvartar – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kvartar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternari" title="Quaternari – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quaternari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Антропоген – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Антропоген" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C3%A9r" title="Kvartér – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kvartér" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cwaternaidd" title="Cwaternaidd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cwaternaidd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C3%A6r" title="Kvartær – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kvartær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quart%C3%A4r_(Geologie)" title="Quartär (Geologie) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quartär (Geologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τεταρτογενής περίοδος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τεταρτογενής περίοδος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Quaternary" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvaternaro" title="Kvaternaro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvaternaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_Cuaternario" title="Período Cuaternario – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Período Cuaternario" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvaternaar" title="Kvaternaar – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvaternaar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuaternario" title="Kuaternario – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kuaternario" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کواترنری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کواترنری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C3%A4%C3%A4rikausi" title="Kvartäärikausi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kvartäärikausi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternaire" title="Quaternaire – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quaternaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quart%C3%A4r" title="Quartär – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Quartär" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tr%C3%A9imhse_Cheathartha" title="An Tréimhse Cheathartha – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tréimhse Cheathartha" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_cuaternaria" title="Era cuaternaria – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Era cuaternaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F" title="רביעון – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רביעון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="चतुर्थ कल्प – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चतुर्थ कल्प" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartar" title="Kvartar – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kvartar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negyedid%C5%91szak" title="Negyedidőszak – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Negyedidőszak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Անթրոպոգենի ժամանակաշրջան – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անթրոպոգենի ժամանակաշրջան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarter" title="Kuarter – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuarter" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartert%C3%ADmabili%C3%B0" title="Kvartertímabilið – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kvartertímabilið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternario" title="Quaternario – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quaternario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80" title="第四紀 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第四紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%97%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="მეოთხეული სისტემა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეოთხეული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antropogen_d%C3%A1wiri" title="Antropogen dáwiri – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Antropogen dáwiri" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D2%A3" title="Төрттік кезең – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төрттік кезең" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C4%EA%B8%B0" title="제4기 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제4기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternarium" title="Quaternarium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quaternarium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvarteras" title="Kvarteras – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvarteras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C4%81rs" title="Kvartārs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvartārs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quater" title="Quater – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Quater" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Квартар – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Квартар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuaterner" title="Kuaterner – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kuaterner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quart%C3%A4r_(Geologie)" title="Quartär (Geologie) – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Quartär (Geologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwartair" title="Kwartair – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kwartair" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C3%A6r" title="Kvartær – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvartær" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C3%A6r" title="Kvartær – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvartær" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternari" title="Quaternari – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quaternari" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czwartorz%C4%99d" title="Czwartorzęd – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czwartorzęd" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Era_quaternaria" title="Era quaternaria – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Era quaternaria" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کواٹرنری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کواٹرنری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quatern%C3%A1rio" title="Quaternário – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quaternário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaternar" title="Cuaternar – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cuaternar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Четвертичный период – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Четвертичный период" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%AF%D1%81" title="Төрдүс – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Төрдүс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartar" title="Kvartar – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvartar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quaternary" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C3%A9r" title="Kvartér – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvartér" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvartar" title="Kvartar – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvartar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afar-geesood" title="Afar-geesood – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Afar-geesood" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuaternari" title="Kuaternari – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuaternari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Квартар – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Квартар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvart%C3%A4r" title="Kvartär – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kvartär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80" title="క్వాటర్నరీ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్వాటర్నరీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Антропоген – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Антропоген" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ยุคควอเทอร์นารี – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุคควอเทอร์นารี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwaternaryo" title="Kuwaternaryo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kuwaternaryo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvaterner" title="Kuvaterner – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuvaterner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Четвертинний період – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Четвертинний період" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBrtlamchi_sistema" title="Toʻrtlamchi sistema – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻrtlamchi sistema" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7_%C4%90%E1%BB%87_T%E1%BB%A9" title="Kỷ Đệ Tứ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kỷ Đệ Tứ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaternaryo" 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antistub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/44px-Antistub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/66px-Antistub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Antistub.svg/88px-Antistub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要擴充。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2015年5月8日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&action=edit">改善这篇條目</a>，更進一步的信息可能會在<a 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class="wikitable float-right" align="right" rules="all" cellpadding="1" style="border: 1px solid #000000; margin-left:20px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">第四</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="紀 (地質年代)">紀</a>的下級劃分 </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6)" title="纪 (地质学)">紀</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3)" class="mw-redirect" title="世 (地質年代)">世</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9F_(%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6)" title="期 (地质学)">期</a> </th> <th>年代 (万年) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" style="background-color: #FFEEBD;" nowrap=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">第四紀</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: #FBEAB9;" nowrap=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世">全新世</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #FDF4D3;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E4%BA%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="梅加拉亚期">梅加拉亚期</a> </td> <td>0--0.42 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FBEDC3;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E6%A0%BC%E7%91%9E%E6%AF%94%E6%9C%9F" title="诺斯格瑞比期">诺斯格瑞比期</a> </td> <td>0.42--0.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F9E7BA;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="格陵兰期">格陵兰期</a> </td> <td>0.82--1.17 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color: #FBEAB9;" nowrap=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世">更新世</a> </td> <td style="background-color: #FDF4D3;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="晚更新期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Late_Pleistocene"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%9A%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="晚更新期（页面不存在）">晚更新期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Pleistocene" class="extiw" title="en:Late Pleistocene"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Late_Pleistocene</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td>1.17--12.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FBEDC3;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="千葉期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Chibanian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%83%E8%91%89%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="千葉期（页面不存在）">千葉期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibanian" class="extiw" title="en:Chibanian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Chibanian</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td>12.6--77.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F9E7BA;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡拉布里亞期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Calabrian_(stage)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡拉布里亞期（页面不存在）">卡拉布里亞期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calabrian_(stage)" class="extiw" title="en:Calabrian (stage)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Calabrian_(stage)</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td>77.3--180 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #F7E4B0;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格拉斯期" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gelasian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格拉斯期（页面不存在）">格拉斯期</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelasian" class="extiw" title="en:Gelasian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gelasian</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td>180--258 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #FFDE00;"><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%91%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="新近紀">新近紀</a></small> </td> <td style="background-color: #FFFAAC;"><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="上新世">上新世</a></small> </td> <td style="background-color: #FFF6B8;"><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%B4%E6%9C%9F" title="皮亚琴期">皮亚琴期</a></small> </td> <td align="center"><small><b>以前</b></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>第四纪</b>（英語：<span lang="en">Quaternary Period，符號：<b>Q</b></span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3" title="新生代">新生代</a>的一个纪，也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="地质时代">地质时代</a>中的最新的一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA" class="mw-disambig" title="纪">纪</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世">更新世</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世">全新世</a>两个<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96" class="mw-disambig" title="世">世</a>。第四纪前是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA" title="新近纪">新近纪</a>。它从约260万年前开始，一直延续至今<sup id="cite_ref-ICS2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICS2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin-left:1em; width:20em"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:"><b>第四紀</b><br />2.58–0百万年前<br /><span style="text-align:center"><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.07692307692px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:; background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="前寒武纪">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,170,114); left:36.892307692308px; width:18.818461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="寒武纪">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,169,138); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%99%B6%E7%BA%AA" title="奥陶纪">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(166,223,197); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E7%95%99%E7%B4%80" title="志留紀">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(221,150,81); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA" title="泥盆纪">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(63,174,173); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E7%BA%AA" title="石炭纪">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,88,60); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA" title="二叠纪">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,78,150); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.126830769231px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA" title="三叠纪">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,187,231); left:151.86769230769px; width:19.055384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%AA" title="侏罗纪">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(111,200,107); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%9E%A9%E7%BA%AA" title="白垩纪">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,161,99); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA" title="古近纪">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,221,45); left:212.20523076923px; width:7.7947692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA" title="新近纪">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div> </div></span></td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg/240px-Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg/360px-Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg/480px-Mollweide_projection_SW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2058" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:1em; text-align:center">全時期平均大氣<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气"><span class="chemf nowrap">O<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span></a>含量</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:1em; text-align:center">约21 Vol %<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />（为現代的105% ）</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:1em; text-align:center">全時期平均大氣<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳"><span class="chemf nowrap">CO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left"><br />2</span></span></a>含量</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:1em; text-align:center">约250 <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E7%8E%87" class="mw-redirect" title="百萬分率">ppm</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />（为前工業時期1倍）</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:1em; text-align:center">全時期平均地表溫度</span> </td> <td><span style="font-size:1em; text-align:center">约14℃<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />（高於現代0℃）</span> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究史"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E5.8F.B2"></span>研究史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：研究史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第四纪这个名称最早是意大利地质学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%9D%9C%E4%BC%8A%E8%AB%BE" title="喬瓦尼·阿爾杜伊諾">乔瓦尼·阿尔杜伊诺</a>于1759年研究<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%B3%E8%B0%B7" title="波河河谷">波河河谷</a>沉积情况时提出的。1829年，法国地质学家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="儒勒·迪斯努瓦耶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jules Desnoyers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%84%92%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%AA%E7%93%A6%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="儒勒·迪斯努瓦耶（页面不存在）">儒勒·迪斯努瓦耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Desnoyers" class="extiw" title="en:Jules Desnoyers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jules Desnoyers</span></a></span>）</span></span>引用了这个定义。他在研究<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3" title="塞纳河">塞纳河</a>低地的沉积层时发现了一层比新近纪更新的岩层。这个岩层一直延伸到地表。 </p><p>第四纪的时期基本上与最近的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="冰河期">冰河期</a>（包括现在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>回退期）相符。另一种分法是将300万年前<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%9E%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北极">北极</a>结冰的开始作为第四纪的开始，这样的话<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="上新世">上新世</a>的最新的一部分也算作第四纪了。也有人不承认第四紀的存在，而将它看作<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%B4%80" title="第三紀">第三纪</a>的一部分。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E7.89.A9"></span>生物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：生物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>第四纪的260万年中人类的存在已被确证。在这段时间裡<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="板块运动">板块运动</a>小于100千米，因此大陸運動的差異可以被忽略。不過海岸線變化很大，因為在这段时间里<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="气候">气候</a>不断变化，冰河期与<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="间冰期">间冰期</a>交换。在冰川期中冰川可以一直延伸到<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="纬度">纬度</a>40度的地方。在这段时间裡只有很少新的动物种类产生（可能因为这段时间还比较短），在更新世末期，在北半球有不少<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="哺乳动物">哺乳动物</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E9%BD%BF%E8%99%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="剑齿虎">剑齿虎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%9B%E7%8A%B8%E8%B1%A1" title="猛犸象">猛犸象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%BD%92%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="乳齒象">乳齿象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E9%BD%BF%E5%85%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="雕齿兽">雕齿兽</a>等）灭绝。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%A7%91" title="马科">马科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%86%E9%A9%BC%E7%A7%91" title="骆驼科">骆驼科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E7%8C%8E%E8%B1%B9" title="北美猎豹">北美獵豹</a>等在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="北美洲">北美洲</a>灭绝<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="气候"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E5.80.99"></span>气候</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：气候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国地理学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%BA%E5%8F%AF%E6%A1%A2" title="竺可桢">竺可桢</a>指出，第四纪欧洲和北美洲北部经历了四个<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="冰河期">冰河期</a>和四个<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%B4%E5%86%B0%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="间冰期">间冰期</a>：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第一冰河期（页面不存在）">第一冰河期</a>距今30万年至27万年；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二冰河期（页面不存在）">第二冰河期</a>距今20万年至18万年；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第三冰河期（页面不存在）">第三冰河期</a>距今13万年至10万年；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四冰河期（页面不存在）">第四冰河期</a>距今6万5千年至1万5千年。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ICS2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ICS2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="ICS2013" class="citation web">Cohen, K.M.; Finney, S.C.; Gibbard, P.L.; Fan, J.-X. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/icschart/chronostratchart2013-01.pdf">International Chronostratigraphic Chart 2013</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stratigraphy.org/icschart/chronostratchart2013-01.pdf">http://www.stratigraphy.org/icschart/chronostratchart2013-01.pdf</a>. ICS. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/6JJbYOJ8e?url=http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2013-01.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-09-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&rft.atitle=International+Chronostratigraphic+Chart+2013&rft.au=Fan%2C+J.-X.&rft.au=Finney%2C+S.C.&rft.au=Gibbard%2C+P.L.&rft.aufirst=K.M.&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratigraphy.org%2Ficschart%2Fchronostratchart2013-01.pdf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratigraphy.org%2Ficschart%2Fchronostratchart2013-01.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">外部链接存在于<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|website=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#param_has_ext_link" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://uahost.uantwerpen.be/funmorph/raoul/fylsyst/Berner2006.pdf">http://uahost.uantwerpen.be/funmorph/raoul/fylsyst/Berner2006.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:Phanerozoic_Carbon_Dioxide.png" title="File:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png">Image:Phanerozoic Carbon Dioxide.png</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/File:All_palaeotemps.png" title="File:All palaeotemps.png">Image:All palaeotemps.png</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Haynes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140309104319/http://www.unr.edu/cla/anthro/people/faculty/haynes/download%20Haynes+StanfordCamelops.pdf">Stanford Camelops</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unr.edu/cla/anthro/people/faculty/haynes/download%20Haynes+StanfordCamelops.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-03-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&rft.au=Haynes&rft.btitle=Stanford+Camelops&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unr.edu%2Fcla%2Fanthro%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fhaynes%2Fdownload%2520Haynes%2BStanfordCamelops.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023142/http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/cheetah1_american/cheetah1_american.html">Extinct American Cheetah Fact Sheet</a>. library.sandiegozoo.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-12-10</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/cheetah1_american/cheetah1_american.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&rft.atitle=Extinct+American+Cheetah+Fact+Sheet&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.sandiegozoo.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.sandiegozoo.org%2Ffactsheets%2F_extinct%2Fcheetah1_american%2Fcheetah1_american.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参見"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A6.8B"></span>参見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：参見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="地质时代表">地質時代表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第四紀滅絕事件">第四紀滅絕事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="第四紀冰河時期">第四紀冰河時期</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%91%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="新近紀">新近紀</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地质年代" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:rgba(254,217,106,1);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="Template:地质年代"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="Template talk:地质年代"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地质年代"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地质年代" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="地质年代">地质年代</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(247,67,112); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="前寒武纪"><div style="line-height:1.2em; color:#fff;">前<br />寒<br />武<br />纪</div></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:rgb(174,2,126)"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E5%8F%A4%E5%AE%99" title="冥古宙"><span style="color:#fff;">冥古宙<span style="font-weight:normal;">（46亿至40亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">（未有任何年代分段被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E5%B1%A4%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="國際地層委員會">國際地層委員會</a>承认）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:rgb(240,4,127); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%A4%E5%AE%99" title="太古宙"><span style="color:#fff;">太古宙<span style="font-weight:normal;">（40亿至25亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="始太古代">始太古代（40亿至36亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="古太古代">古太古代（36亿至32亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="中太古代">中太古代（32亿至28亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="新太古代">新太古代（28亿至25亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:rgb(247,53,99); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AE%99" title="元古宙"><span style="color:#fff;">元古宙<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">（25亿至5.41亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(247,67,112); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="古元古代"><span style="color:#fff;">古元古代<span style="font-weight:normal;">（25亿至16亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E9%93%81%E7%BA%AA" title="成铁纪">成铁纪（25亿至23亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%82%E4%BE%B5%E7%BA%AA" title="层侵纪">层侵纪（23亿至20.5亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B1%B1%E7%BA%AA" title="造山纪">造山纪（20.5亿至18亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E7%BB%93%E7%BA%AA" title="固结纪">固结纪（18亿至16亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(253,180,98); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="中元古代">中元古代<span style="font-weight:normal;">（16亿至10亿年前）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E5%B1%82%E7%BA%AA" title="盖层纪">盖层纪（16亿至14亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%B1%95%E7%BA%AA" title="延展纪">延展纪（14亿至12亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AD%E5%B8%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="狭带纪">狭带纪（12亿至10亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(254,179,66); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="新元古代">新元古代<span style="font-weight:normal;">（10亿至5.41亿年前）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%B8%E7%BA%AA" title="拉伸纪">拉伸纪（10亿至7.2亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%86%B0%E7%BA%AA" title="成冰纪">成冰纪（7.2亿至6.35亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%AA" title="埃迪卡拉纪">埃迪卡拉纪（6.35亿至5.41亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(154,217,221); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E7%94%9F%E5%AE%99" title="显生宙"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">显<br />生<br />宙<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">︵<br />5.41<br />亿<br />年<br />前<br />至<br />今<br />︶</span></div></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:rgb(153,192,141); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3" title="古生代"><span style="color:#fff;">古生代<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">（5.41亿至2.52亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(127,160,86); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA" title="寒武纪"><span style="color:#fff;">寒武纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（5.41亿至4.85亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%96" title="纽芬兰世">紐芬蘭世（5.41亿至5.21亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="寒武纪第二世">第二世（5.21亿至5.09亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E5%B2%AD%E4%B8%96" title="苗岭世">苗岭世（5.09亿至4.97亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%99%E8%93%89%E4%B8%96" title="芙蓉世">芙蓉世（4.97亿至4.85亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(0,146,112); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%99%B6%E7%BA%AA" title="奥陶纪"><span style="color:#fff;">奥陶纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（4.85亿至4.44亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%99%B6%E7%BA%AA" title="奥陶纪">早奥陶世（4.85亿至4.70亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%99%B6%E7%BA%AA" title="奥陶纪">中奥陶世（4.70亿至4.58亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E9%99%B6%E7%BA%AA" title="奥陶纪">晚奥陶世（4.58亿至4.44亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(179,225,182); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%97%E7%95%99%E7%B4%80" title="志留紀">志留紀<span style="font-weight:normal;">（4.44亿至4.19亿年前）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%97%E4%B8%96" title="兰多维列世">兰多维列世（4.44亿至4.33亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%E4%B8%96" title="文洛克世">文洛克世（4.33亿至4.27亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%B8%96" title="羅德洛世">羅德洛世（4.27亿至4.23亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E9%81%93%E5%88%A9%E4%B8%96" title="普里道利世">普里道利世（4.23亿至4.19亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(203,140,55); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA" title="泥盆纪"><span style="color:#fff;">泥盆纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（4.19亿至3.59亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA" title="泥盆纪">早泥盆世（4.19亿至3.93亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA" title="泥盆纪">中泥盆世（3.93亿至3.83亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%9B%86%E7%BA%AA" title="泥盆纪">晚泥盆世（3.83亿至3.59亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(103,165,153); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E7%BA%AA" title="石炭纪"><span style="color:#fff;">石炭纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（3.59亿至2.99亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E8%A5%BF%E6%AF%94%E4%B8%96" title="密西西比世">密西西比世（3.59亿至3.23亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%96" title="賓夕法尼亞世">賓夕法尼亞世（3.23亿至2.99亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(240,64,40); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA" title="二叠纪"><span style="color:#fff;">二叠纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（2.99亿至2.52亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%96" title="乌拉尔世">乌拉尔世（2.99亿至2.72亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E8%BE%BE%E6%B4%9B%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96" title="瓜达洛普世">瓜达洛普世（2.72亿至2.6亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%B9%B3%E4%B8%96" title="乐平世">乐平世（2.6亿至2.52亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:rgb(103,197,202); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3" title="中生代">中生代<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">（2.52亿至6600万年前）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(129,43,146); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%A0%E7%BA%AA" title="三叠纪"><span style="color:#fff;">三叠纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（2.52亿至2.01亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%A0%E4%B8%96" title="早三叠世">早三叠世（2.52亿至2.47亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%A0%E4%B8%96" title="中三叠世">中三叠世（2.47亿至2.37亿年前）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="晚三疊世" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Late Triassic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%A0%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="晚三叠世">晚三疊世（2.37亿至2.01亿年前）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Triassic" class="extiw" title="en:Late Triassic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Late Triassic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(52,178,201); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%AA" title="侏罗纪"><span style="color:#fff;">侏罗纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（2.01亿至1.45亿年前）</span></span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%AA" title="侏罗纪">早侏罗世（2.01亿至1.74亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%AA" title="侏罗纪">中侏罗世（1.74亿至1.64亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E4%BE%8F%E7%BD%97%E4%B8%96" title="晚侏罗世">晚侏罗世（1.64亿至1.45亿年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(127,198,78); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%9E%A9%E7%BA%AA" title="白垩纪">白垩纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（1.45亿至6600万年前）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E7%99%BD%E5%9E%A9%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="早白垩世">早白垩世（1.45亿至1亿年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%9E%A9%E7%BA%AA" title="白垩纪">晚白垩世（1亿至6600万年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:12.5em;background:rgb(242,249,29); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%94%9F%E4%BB%A3" title="新生代">新生代<br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">（6600万年前至今）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(253,154,82); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA" title="古近纪">古近纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（6600万至2303万年前）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="古新世">古新世（6600万至5600万年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%8B%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="始新世">始新世（5600万至3390万年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="漸新世">漸新世（3390万至2303万年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(255,230,25); text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%AA" title="新近纪">新近纪<span style="font-weight:normal;">（2303万至258万年前）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="中新世">中新世（2303万至533万年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="上新世">上新世（533万至258万年前）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em;background:rgb(249,249,127); text-align:center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">第四紀<span style="font-weight:normal;">（258万年前至今）</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="更新世">更新世（258万至1.17万年前）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96" title="全新世">全新世（1.17万年前至今）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="自然地理學主要子域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#00CC66; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Template:自然地理學主題"><abbr 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href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沿海地理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coastal geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沿海地理學（页面不存在）">沿海地理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coastal geography</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤生態學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地形學">地形學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰河學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第四紀地質學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quaternary Geology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四紀地質學（页面不存在）">第四紀地質學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_Geology" class="extiw" title="en:Quaternary Geology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quaternary Geology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/110px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/165px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg/220px-Land_ocean_ice_cloud_hires.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8192" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26185#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26185#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26185#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Quaternaire (ère géologique)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119349018">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Quaternaire (ère géologique)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119349018">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4048009-4">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560759505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Paleontology--Quaternary"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85097144">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561220">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="čtvrtohory"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph134738&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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