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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Importance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Importance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Importance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refusal_to_concede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refusal_to_concede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Refusal to concede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refusal_to_concede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Presidential elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gubernatorial_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concession_Speech" title="Concession Speech – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Concession Speech" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B0%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B4_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="پذیرش شکست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پذیرش شکست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%EC%A0%81_%EC%96%91%EB%B3%B4" title="정치적 양보 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정치적 양보" data-language-autonym="한국어" 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lost an election</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For territorial concessions in geopolitics, see <a href="/wiki/Concessions_and_leases_in_international_relations" title="Concessions and leases in international relations">Concessions and leases in international relations</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Concession_(politics)" title="Talk:Concession (politics)">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In politics, a <b>concession</b> is the act of a losing candidate publicly yielding to a winning candidate after an <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">election</a> after the overall result of the vote has become clear. A <b>concession speech</b> is usually made after an election. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_receive_a_concession_telephone_call_from_Walter_Mondale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_receive_a_concession_telephone_call_from_Walter_Mondale.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_receive_a_concession_telephone_call_from_Walter_Mondale.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_receive_a_concession_telephone_call_from_Walter_Mondale.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_receive_a_concession_telephone_call_from_Walter_Mondale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_receive_a_concession_telephone_call_from_Walter_Mondale.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_receive_a_concession_telephone_call_from_Walter_Mondale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> receiving a concession phone call from <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984 United States presidential election</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first time in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> that a candidate lost a presidential election and privately conceded was <a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> to <a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> in 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elving_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elving-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1860, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Party" title="Northern Democratic Party">Northern Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Douglas" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Douglas">Stephen Douglas</a> conceded to <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> with the words: 'Partisan feeling must yield to patriotism. I'm with you, Mr. President, and God bless you.'<sup id="cite_ref-Shelton_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, during the country's first century, a public concession was the exception rather than the rule.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first "concession telegram" occurred when <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William Jennings Bryan</a> sent <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> a message two days after the <a href="/wiki/1896_United_States_presidential_election" title="1896 United States presidential election">1896 US presidential election</a>. Prior to that election, results took many days to be processed and made public, and thus candidates maintained an air of detachment from the process.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The telegram was rather brief and read as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Lincoln, Neb., November 5. </p><p>Hon. Wm. McKinley, Canton, Ohio: Senator Jones has just informed me that the returns indicate your election, and I hasten to extend my congratulations. We have submitted the issue to the American people and their will is law. </p><p> W.J. Bryan</p></blockquote> <p>Over time, concession speeches were introduced aimed at the electorate, especially one's own supporters. These were first broadcast on the radio by <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> in <a href="/wiki/1928_United_States_presidential_election" title="1928 United States presidential election">1928</a>, on a <a href="/wiki/Newsreel" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> in <a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>, and on <a href="/wiki/Live_television" title="Live television">live television</a> by <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson II</a> in <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>. In the period between the 1896 and 2016 presidential elections, there had been 32 concessions speeches by major party candidates over the course of 120 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Template">Template</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Template"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dems_Watching_McCain_Concede_(3004082713).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Dems_Watching_McCain_Concede_%283004082713%29.jpg/220px-Dems_Watching_McCain_Concede_%283004082713%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Dems_Watching_McCain_Concede_%283004082713%29.jpg/330px-Dems_Watching_McCain_Concede_%283004082713%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Dems_Watching_McCain_Concede_%283004082713%29.jpg/440px-Dems_Watching_McCain_Concede_%283004082713%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Democrats quietly watch <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>'s 2008 concession speech.</figcaption></figure> <p>In modern <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">U.S. elections</a> (presidential or otherwise), a concession is usually a two-step process: first, the losing candidate makes a <b>concession phone call</b> to the winning candidate and congratulates them personally.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelton_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Second, the losing candidate makes a televised public speech, known as a <b>concession speech</b>, to their supporters, on an (improvised) podium surrounded by the candidate for the vice presidency, their spouses or other important relatives and friends.<sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concession speech consists of four elements: </p> <ol><li><b>The statement of defeat</b>: an admission that the candidate has lost the election to their opponent, who is congratulated on their victory.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>The call to unite</b>: an expression of support for the victor's upcoming term in office, and a call for unity under their leadership, necessary after an often divisive and polarizing election campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>The celebration of democracy</b>: a reflection on why democracy and the participation of millions of voters in the electoral process is important, and that their choice should be respected.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>The vow to continue the fight</b>: a reminder of the importance of the issues the candidate has raised during the campaign, and the policies their party advocates for. The candidate says that these remain important goals to strive toward, promises to continue fighting for them, and urges their supporters to do the same.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>A losing candidate usually thanks their supporters for their valiant efforts and points to the non-electoral successes of the campaign in building party strength and raising issues to attention that would not otherwise be in public discussion. It is also traditional, unless the campaign has been exceptionally bitter, to congratulate and wish well the winning candidate, perhaps even offering a parting word of advice.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The speech could be ultrashort or last for minutes, and there is variation in how lighthearted they present their loss, and how warmly they congratulate the winner; it depends on whatever the defeated candidate prefers.<sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the broadcast age, the concession speech of a candidate for high office reaches a wide audience and is seen as the final <a href="/wiki/Swan_song" title="Swan song">swan song</a> of a lost campaign.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By publicly and honestly admitting defeat, the candidate is deemed to gain <a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">honor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Republican <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a>'s 2008 concession speech to Democrat <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> is frequently cited as a good example to follow.<sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elving_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elving-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The American people have spoken, and they have spoken clearly," McCain said. "A little while ago, I had the honor of calling Senator Barack Obama to congratulate him on being elected the next president of the country that we both love."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Republican <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon%27s_November_1962_press_conference" title="Richard Nixon's November 1962 press conference">1962 California gubernatorial concession speech</a> is notorious for not being reconciliatory, but begrudging toward his winning rival, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">Pat Brown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelton_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elving_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elving-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timing_of_concession">Timing of concession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Timing of concession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_takes_Romney_concession_call.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Obama_takes_Romney_concession_call.jpg/101px-Obama_takes_Romney_concession_call.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Obama_takes_Romney_concession_call.jpg/152px-Obama_takes_Romney_concession_call.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Obama_takes_Romney_concession_call.jpg/202px-Obama_takes_Romney_concession_call.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> takes <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a>'s concession call.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:151px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm/203px--Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="203" height="152" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm/Romney_takes_the_stage_on_election_night.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a> gets ready for his 2012 concession speech, cheered on by his supporters one last time.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Out of courtesy, the winner of the campaign usually waits for a concession speech, if one is forthcoming, before delivering the acceptance speech.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A losing candidate commonly offers a private concession directly to the winning candidate, usually by telephone, before making a public announcement.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In American history, the losing candidate usually made their concession speech a few hours after midnight when the outcome was clear.<sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It's possible for a candidate to believe they have already lost or to do their political allies a disservice by making their concession too early. When <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> made his concession speech in 1980, he either forgot or ignored the fact that polling places on the West Coast were still open; many Democratic voters seeing or hearing about the concession speech were too demoralized to still bring out their vote for Carter and Democratic senatorial candidates, who possibly lost a seat due to this last-minute lower Democratic voter turnout.<sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the vote is relatively close, it can be unclear when it is appropriate for a losing candidate to concede an election. On election night, pressures from a media looking for news to report, an opposition campaign anxious to declare victory, and one's own campaign unwilling to concede defeat if there is any hope of a last-minute turnaround are all factors in the decision of the losing candidate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>One of the slowest concessions ever in American history was in 1916, when the counting took days and Republican <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> was initially reported to be the winner by several newspapers, because he had a large lead over incumbent Democrat <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>. However, when all the votes were counted, Wilson had carried several key states and won re-election. Some Republicans cried foul, but Hughes calmed his supporters, saying 'in the absence of absolute proof of fraud, no such cry should be raised to becloud the title of the next president of the United States'. After two weeks, Wilson's narrow win was confirmed, and Hughes sent him a gracious telegram with congratulations.<sup id="cite_ref-elving_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elving-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is exceedingly rare for a concession, once issued, to be retracted; such an event occurred in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> telephoned <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> on November 8 to concede the election.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gore was apparently unaware of the close vote count in the state of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, and when he realized it, he proceeded to cancel his concession address, and retracted his concession call.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a legal challenge that lasted 35 days, in which the Supreme Court ruled that Bush had won, Gore conceded a second time on December 13, 2000, this time with a concession speech.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began by saying, somewhat jokingly: 'Good evening. Just moments ago, I spoke with George W. Bush and congratulated him on becoming the 43rd President of the United States, and I promised him I wouldn't call him back this time.'<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shelton_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Importance">Importance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm/220px--Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="194" data-mwtitle="Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_2016_concession_speech.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Excerpts from <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>'s 2016 concession speech</figcaption></figure> <p>A concession, usually in the form of a concession speech, is considered a matter of courtesy and a gracious celebration of American democracy that helps with the <a href="/wiki/Peaceful_transition_of_power" title="Peaceful transition of power">peaceful transition of power</a>, although there is no legal or constitutional need for it.<sup id="cite_ref-elving_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elving-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when election campaigns have been very polarized and the race close, conceding one's loss was important in order to get the losing candidate's supporters to accept the outcome and ensure social and political stability in any form.<sup id="cite_ref-Richman_&_Gilles_6-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richman_&_Gilles-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Failing to urge one's own supporters toward reconciliation will let embitterment remain between supporters of both candidates, who need to live and work together in the same country for the next four years under a president, whose office term is not fully accepted by almost half of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is why John McCain was commended for calming down his supporters who booed when he first mentioned the name of his opponent <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in his concession speech, and managed to have them applaud for their opponent later in his speech.<sup id="cite_ref-Steketee_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steketee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refusal_to_concede">Refusal to concede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Refusal to concede"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Presidential elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After an unexpected defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916 election</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> waited two weeks before sending a concession telegram to President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>. Upon receiving it, Wilson joked that it was "a little moth-eaten when it got here but still quite legible."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After losing the <a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944 election</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> conceded publicly in a radio address the following morning, but declined to personally call or send a telegram to President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. This irritated Roosevelt, who sent Dewey a telegram reading, "I thank you for your statement, which I heard over the air a few minutes ago."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 election</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard M. Nixon</a> considered refusing to concede to his Democratic opponent <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> and challenging the results in <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Illinois" title="1960 United States presidential election in Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas" title="1960 United States presidential election in Texas">Texas</a> because of allegations of voter fraud in those states.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-salon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-salon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wash_post_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wash_post-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he found that the United States had no legal framework for a losing candidate to challenge an election and decided that a lengthy <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_crisis" title="Constitutional crisis">constitutional crisis</a> would destabilize the country and weaken its international standing, as well as damage Nixon's own political reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> conceded to Bush and then on November 8, retracted his concession and refused to acknowledge Bush as the winner for over a month until the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> in a 5–4 decision, ruled in <a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a> that certified <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> as the winner of the closely called state of Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the longest refusal to concede of any modern presidential candidate until the 2020 election. On the night of the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 election</a>, Democratic <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> also considered waiting to concede to Bush pending a challenge of the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election_in_Ohio" title="2004 United States presidential election in Ohio">results in Ohio</a>, but ultimately decided against a potential repeat of the contentious events of 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> has been an exception to the tradition of concession in American presidential politics, refusing to concede defeat and declaring victory for himself despite having lost both the popular vote and electoral college in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>. He has alleged that there has been <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a> or miscounts in close races which negatively impacted him, despite there being no evidence of this according to election officials and media outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A candidate has the right to mount legal challenges against the electoral process if they have evidence that it was conducted improperly, and potentially they could thus subvert the outcome. If these legal challenges to the electoral processes fail and the losing candidate still refuses to concede, the winning candidate nevertheless starts their presidential term on January 20 (and if the losing candidate is the incumbent president, their term will end on the same day), in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twentieth Amendment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Turak_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turak-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 7, 2021, in what some news outlets have regarded as a concession despite lacking any admission of defeat, Trump condemned the <a href="/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 storming of the United States Capitol">attack</a> on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> and proceeded to say that his focus is to ensure a smooth transition of power to the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> (without mentioning Biden's name).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If the incumbent president refuses to concede the election, the <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> (GSA) may delay the transition process, as it did following both the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a>. The GSA has to "ascertain" the election in order to release funds, office space, briefings, and other government resources needed for a transition.<sup id="cite_ref-goodman_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodman-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gubernatorial_elections">Gubernatorial elections</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gubernatorial elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Republican <a href="/wiki/Jim_Ross_Lightfoot" title="Jim Ross Lightfoot">Jim Ross Lightfoot</a> did not concede his loss in the <a href="/wiki/1998_Iowa_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Iowa gubernatorial election">1998 Iowa gubernatorial election</a>, won by Democrat <a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Georgia_gubernatorial_election" title="2018 Georgia gubernatorial election">2018 Georgia gubernatorial election</a>, Democrat <a href="/wiki/Stacey_Abrams" title="Stacey Abrams">Stacey Abrams</a> did not concede to Republican <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a>, despite acknowledging him as governor-elect.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her refusal to concede has drawn comparisons to Trump's refusal to concede his loss in Georgia,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though Abrams rejected such comparisons.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Arizona_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Arizona gubernatorial election">2022 Arizona gubernatorial election</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/Kari_Lake" title="Kari Lake">Kari Lake</a> did not concede to Democrat <a href="/wiki/Katie_Hobbs" title="Katie Hobbs">Katie Hobbs</a> and had filed lawsuits against the state's largest county <a href="/wiki/Maricopa_County,_Arizona" title="Maricopa County, Arizona">Maricopa</a>, citing voting irregularities.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senate_elections">Senate elections</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Senate elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After losing the <a href="/wiki/2017_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Alabama" title="2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama">2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama</a>, Republican <a href="/wiki/Roy_Moore" title="Roy Moore">Roy Moore</a> refused to concede defeat to Democrat <a href="/wiki/Doug_Jones_(politician)" title="Doug Jones (politician)">Doug Jones</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 27, 2017, Moore filed a lawsuit to block Jones from being certified as the winner of the race.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the lawsuit was rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Alabama" title="Supreme Court of Alabama">Alabama Supreme Court</a>, who declared Jones the winner.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, Incumbent Democrat Sen. Bob Casey Jr. refused to concede to his challenger David McCormick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not all countries have a formality or tradition of concession speeches, especially not in multi-party systems, where there may be multiple candidates, and the election results are not necessarily as binary as in two-party systems, and sometimes candidates represent their parties more than themselves. For example, when the <a href="/wiki/Parti_Socialiste_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Socialiste (Belgium)">Parti Socialiste</a> lost 5 seats in Parliament and became the second-largest Francophone party out of five in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Belgian_federal_election" title="2007 Belgian federal election">2007 Belgian federal election</a>, party leader <a href="/wiki/Elio_Di_Rupo" title="Elio Di Rupo">Elio Di Rupo</a> described his concession on behalf of his party as follows: 'We had lost, and I have quickly acknowledged our defeat. I had never suffered an electoral defeat before, but I had been preparing for it, and I knew we would end up in the opposition benches. When I came into the television studio, I conceded our defeat. During earlier victories, I never humiliated the losers. That's just how democracy works: you win some, you lose some.'<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_New_Zealand" title="Politics of New Zealand">New Zealand political</a> system, because of <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member proportional representation</a>, it is difficult for one party to win enough seats to govern alone and there are examples of concession speeches not being given until coalitions are confirmed. These negotiations can take several days or even weeks. For example, after the <a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017 New Zealand general election</a> ended in a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> both the centre-left <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">New Zealand Labour Party</a> and the centre-right <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">New Zealand National Party</a> looked for a coalition with <a href="/wiki/NZ_First" class="mw-redirect" title="NZ First">NZ First</a>, a right-wing populist party led by <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a>. With almost 46% of the vote counted on election night it was looking promising for the National Party and their leader <a href="/wiki/Bill_English" title="Bill English">Bill English</a>, was confident that he would form the coalition with NZ First and be able to govern.<sup id="cite_ref-Status_quo_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Status_quo-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night, however, the leader of the Labour Party, <a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Jacinda Ardern</a> said she was hoping for a better result and had phoned Bill English, with both agreeing that neither of them would decide the outcome.<sup id="cite_ref-Ardern_unhappy_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ardern_unhappy-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The battle was close and early in the evening Ardern said she took responsibility for Labour's 10-point loss at that stage, but ended her address on a positive note, neither confirming or conceding.<sup id="cite_ref-Australian_news_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australian_news-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost three weeks later, NZ First backed a Labour-led coalition. English immediately conceded and paid tribute to his opponent saying "Ms Ardern did a remarkable job in turning around the party after such a short time in the role, and said he hoped the incoming government took the opportunity provided by the 'pretty good shape' of the economy".<sup id="cite_ref-Coalition_agreed_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coalition_agreed-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020 New Zealand general election</a>, the Ardern-led Labour Party did win enough seats to govern alone, and the leader of the National Party, <a href="/wiki/Judith_Collins" title="Judith Collins">Judith Collins</a>, promptly rang Ardern and congratulated her on an "excellent result for the Labour Party".<sup id="cite_ref-Concession_2020_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Concession_2020-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2021_Peruvian_general_election" title="2021 Peruvian general election">2021 Peruvian general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Force" title="Popular Force">Popular Force</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Keiko_Fujimori" title="Keiko Fujimori">Keiko Fujimori</a>, daughter of former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Peru" title="President of Peru">Peruvian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Fujimori" title="Alberto Fujimori">Alberto Fujimori</a>, refused to concede defeat to socialist <a href="/wiki/Free_Peru" title="Free Peru">Free Peru</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Castillo" title="Pedro Castillo">Pedro Castillo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has alleged that there were voting irregularities, which has been rejected by the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has also attempted to challenge the results, which has drawn comparisons to Trump's attempts to overturn the election.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 19, Fujimori admitted defeat but reiterated her claim that Castillo's party "have stolen thousands of votes from us".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> notably did not concede to <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> after the <a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2004 Philippine presidential election">2004 Philippine presidential election</a>. Poe subsequently put the result of the election under protest.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poe later died in December 2004, still not conceding his defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/2010_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2010 Philippine presidential election">In 2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a> conceded to <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a> after the latter became president-elect.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estrada, who was second place in the election, was the last candidate to concede, with all other of Aquino's opponents conceding prior to the certification of results a month after the actual election.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2016_Philippine_presidential_election" title="2016 Philippine presidential election">2016 election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_Roxas" title="Mar Roxas">Mar Roxas</a> conceded to <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> the day after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roxas, who ultimately finished second, was the second candidate to concede, after <a href="/wiki/Grace_Poe" title="Grace Poe">Grace Poe</a> (Fernando Poe Jr.'s daughter).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015 United Kingdom general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party leader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a> telephoned the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party leader</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> to concede defeat and then announced his resignation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 United Kingdom General Election</a>, the then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a>, conceded defeat to the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party Leader</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Sir Keir Starmer</a>, at the declaration at Sunak's seat of <a href="/wiki/Richmond_and_Northallerton" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond and Northallerton">Richmond and Northallerton</a>. In a speech following the declaration, Sunak stated that the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> has won the election, and that he's called Starmer to congratulate him.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election#Late_counting" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 United States presidential election#Late counting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Shelton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJon_Shelton2020" class="citation news cs1">Jon Shelton (November 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/concession-speech-trump/a-55530599">"Will Donald Trump respect tradition with a concession speech?"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112153855/https://www.dw.com/en/concession-speech-trump/a-55530599">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Will+Donald+Trump+respect+tradition+with+a+concession+speech%3F&rft.date=2020-11-07&rft.au=Jon+Shelton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fconcession-speech-trump%2Fa-55530599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elving-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elving_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elving_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elving_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elving_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-elving_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElving2020" class="citation web cs1">Elving, Ron (November 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/11/08/932638351/the-tradition-of-a-candidate-concession-is-far-more-than-mere-courtesy">"The Tradition Of A Candidate Concession Is Far More Than Mere Courtesy"</a>. <i>NPR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=The+Tradition+Of+A+Candidate+Concession+Is+Far+More+Than+Mere+Courtesy&rft.date=2020-11-10&rft.aulast=Elving&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F11%2F08%2F932638351%2Fthe-tradition-of-a-candidate-concession-is-far-more-than-mere-courtesy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McKeever, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200835/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/no-modern-presidential-candidate-refused-to-concede-heres-why-that-matters">"No modern presidential candidate has refused to concede. Here’s why that matters"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i> (November 9, 2020): "For the country’s first hundred years or so, conceding a race wasn’t part of the process at all".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnion2016" class="citation news cs1">Onion, Rebecca (November 9, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2016/11/when_was_the_first_concession_phone_call.html">"When Did Losing Candidates Start Calling the Winner to Concede?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=When+Did+Losing+Candidates+Start+Calling+the+Winner+to+Concede%3F&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft.aulast=Onion&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Farticles%2Fnews_and_politics%2Fexplainer%2F2016%2F11%2Fwhen_was_the_first_concession_phone_call.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/presidential-documents-archive-guidebook/presidential-campaigns-debates-and-endorsements-2">"6.4 Presidential Election Concession Speeches and Messages | The American Presidency Project"</a>. <i>www.presidency.ucsb.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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NPR<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/kemp-holds-steady-lead-over-abrams-state-prepares-certify-vote/WI5zxjHjLNR2WbvcEBVYWL/">"Abrams ends run for governor against Kemp"</a>. <i>The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240308061621/https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/kemp-holds-steady-lead-over-abrams-state-prepares-certify-vote/WI5zxjHjLNR2WbvcEBVYWL/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Abrams+ends+run+for+governor+against+Kemp&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.aulast=Bluestein&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+Tia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fstate--regional-govt--politics%2Fkemp-holds-steady-lead-over-abrams-state-prepares-certify-vote%2FWI5zxjHjLNR2WbvcEBVYWL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerwer2018" class="citation web cs1">Serwer, Adam (November 20, 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/11/fighting-voter-discrimination-not-undermining-democracy/576229/">"Just Because an Election is Legal Doesn't Mean It's Legitimate"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230505025037/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/11/fighting-voter-discrimination-not-undermining-democracy/576229/">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Just+Because+an+Election+is+Legal+Doesn%27t+Mean+It%27s+Legitimate&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft.aulast=Serwer&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2018%2F11%2Ffighting-voter-discrimination-not-undermining-democracy%2F576229%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurt2020" class="citation web cs1">Hurt, Emma (November 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/11/18/936096359/refusal-to-concede-an-election-isnt-a-new-concept-in-georgia">"Refusal To Concede An Election Isn't A New Concept In Georgia"</a>. <i>NPR</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221104135449/https://www.npr.org/2020/11/18/936096359/refusal-to-concede-an-election-isnt-a-new-concept-in-georgia">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Refusal+To+Concede+An+Election+Isn%27t+A+New+Concept+In+Georgia&rft.date=2020-11-18&rft.aulast=Hurt&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F11%2F18%2F936096359%2Frefusal-to-concede-an-election-isnt-a-new-concept-in-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowden2020" class="citation news cs1">Bowden, John (December 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/530003-stacey-abrams-rejects-comparison-between-her-refusal-to-concede-and">"Stacey Abrams rejects comparison between her refusal to concede and Trump's"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231223204708/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/530003-stacey-abrams-rejects-comparison-between-her-refusal-to-concede-and/">Archived</a> from the original on December 23, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Stacey+Abrams+rejects+comparison+between+her+refusal+to+concede+and+Trump%27s&rft.date=2020-12-13&rft.aulast=Bowden&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fstate-watch%2F530003-stacey-abrams-rejects-comparison-between-her-refusal-to-concede-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinton2022" class="citation web cs1">Linton, Caroline (November 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kari-lake-maricopa-county-lawsuit-arizona-governors-race-no-concession/">"Kari Lake files lawsuit in Maricopa County, alleging election laws were broken"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119172247/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kari-lake-maricopa-county-lawsuit-arizona-governors-race-no-concession/">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Kari+Lake+files+lawsuit+in+Maricopa+County%2C+alleging+election+laws+were+broken&rft.date=2022-11-25&rft.aulast=Linton&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkari-lake-maricopa-county-lawsuit-arizona-governors-race-no-concession%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchonfeld2022" class="citation news cs1">Schonfeld, Zach (November 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3748560-arizonas-gop-governor-congratulates-hobbs-on-victory-as-lake-refuses-to-concede/">"Arizona's GOP governor congratulates Hobbs on victory as Lake refuses to concede"</a>. <i>The Hill</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209162253/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3748560-arizonas-gop-governor-congratulates-hobbs-on-victory-as-lake-refuses-to-concede/">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Arizona%27s+GOP+governor+congratulates+Hobbs+on+victory+as+Lake+refuses+to+concede&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft.aulast=Schonfeld&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fcampaign%2F3748560-arizonas-gop-governor-congratulates-hobbs-on-victory-as-lake-refuses-to-concede%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCillizza2017" class="citation news cs1">Cillizza, Chris (December 28, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/12/28/politics/roy-moore-analysis/index.html">"Here's why Roy Moore will never concede"</a>. <i>CNN Digital</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+Digital&rft.atitle=Here%27s+why+Roy+Moore+will+never+concede&rft.date=2017-12-28&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F12%2F28%2Fpolitics%2Froy-moore-analysis%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/roy-moore-sues-to-try-to-stop-alabama-from-naming-doug-jones-winner-of-us-senate-seat/">"Roy Moore sues to try to stop Alabama from naming Doug Jones winner of U.S. Senate seat"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i>. December 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elio+di+Rupo%3A+leven+en+visie&rft.place=Tielt&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Lannoo+Meulenhoff&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9789401401272&rft.aulast=van+de+Woestyne&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPf0CAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Status_quo-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Status_quo_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/new-zealand-votes-for-conservatism-and-the-status-quo-84568">"New Zealand votes for conservatism and the status quo"</a>. The Conversation. September 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924052026if_/https://theconversation.com/new-zealand-votes-for-conservatism-and-the-status-quo-84568">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+votes+for+conservatism+and+the+status+quo&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fnew-zealand-votes-for-conservatism-and-the-status-quo-84568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ardern_unhappy-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ardern_unhappy_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/97170107/election-2017-election-night-begins-with-early-vote-count">"Election 2017: Jacinda Ardern 'hoped for better' after strong National result"</a>. stuff. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Election+2017%3A+Jacinda+Ardern+%27hoped+for+better%27+after+strong+National+result&rft.date=2017-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuff.co.nz%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2F97170107%2Felection-2017-election-night-begins-with-early-vote-count&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australian_news-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Australian_news_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/new-zealand-election-2017-bill-english-and-jacinda-ardern-battle-it-out-to-be-prime-minister/news-story/d80c0b6bcf9c884e312e4f6817e1c1e2">"New Zealand Election 2017: Bill English and Jacinda Ardern battle it out to be Prime Minister"</a>. News.com.au. September 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170922214815if_/https://www.news.com.au/world/pacific/new-zealand-election-2017-bill-english-and-jacinda-ardern-battle-it-out-to-be-prime-minister/news-story/d80c0b6bcf9c884e312e4f6817e1c1e2">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kiwi+drops+near+five-month+low+as+NZ+First+backs+Labour-led+coalition&rft.date=2017-10-19&rft.aulast=Boot&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft.au=McBeth%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbr.co.nz%2Farticle%2Fnz-dollar-drops-near-five-month-low-nz-first-backs-labour-led-govt-b-208999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Concession_2020-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Concession_2020_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstalkzb.co.nz/news/vote-2020/judith-collins-delivers-concession-speech-to-national-party-supporters/">"We will be back': Judith Collins delivers concession speech after massive defeat"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=We+will+be+back%27%3A+Judith+Collins+delivers+concession+speech+after+massive+defeat&rft.date=2020-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalkzb.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fvote-2020%2Fjudith-collins-delivers-concession-speech-to-national-party-supporters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-15/peru-has-finally-counted-all-votes-but-runoff-remains-undecided">"Castillo Leads Final Peru Count but Fujimori Refuses to Concede"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. June 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Castillo+Leads+Final+Peru+Count+but+Fujimori+Refuses+to+Concede&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2021-06-15%2Fperu-has-finally-counted-all-votes-but-runoff-remains-undecided&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/world/americas/no-serious-irregularities-in-peru-presidential-poll-oas-says">"No 'serious irregularities' in Peru presidential poll, OAS says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Sabah" title="Daily Sabah">Daily Sabah</a></i>. 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Associated Press. December 14, 2004. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 12, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/05/10/Grace-Poe-concedes-to-Rodrigo-Duterte.html">the original</a> on November 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 8,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cnn&rft.atitle=Grace+Poe+concedes+to+Rodrigo+Duterte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F05%2F10%2FGrace-Poe-concedes-to-Rodrigo-Duterte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXu1qoVUT6M"><i>Ed Miliband Resigns As Labour Leader</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/kXu1qoVUT6M">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ed+Miliband+Resigns+As+Labour+Leader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DkXu1qoVUT6M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWintourMason2015" class="citation news cs1">Wintour, Patrick; Mason, Rowena (May 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/08/ed-miliband-to-resign-as-labour-leader">"Ed Miliband resigns as Labour leader"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ed+Miliband+resigns+as+Labour+leader&rft.date=2015-05-08&rft.aulast=Wintour&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Mason%2C+Rowena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2Fmay%2F08%2Fed-miliband-to-resign-as-labour-leader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/labour-has-won-rishi-sunak-concedes-defeat-as-tories-suffer-humiliating-defeat_uk_66876a7de4b0132cb446caaa">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Labour Has Won': Rishi Sunak Concedes Defeat As Tories Suffer Humiliating Loss"</a>. <i>HuffPost UK</i>. July 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost+UK&rft.atitle=%27Labour+Has+Won%27%3A+Rishi+Sunak+Concedes+Defeat+As+Tories+Suffer+Humiliating+Loss&rft.date=2024-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2Fentry%2Flabour-has-won-rishi-sunak-concedes-defeat-as-tories-suffer-humiliating-defeat_uk_66876a7de4b0132cb446caaa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConcession+%28politics%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&oldid=1256892549">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concession_(politics)&oldid=1256892549</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections" title="Category:Elections">Elections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_terminology" title="Category:Political terminology">Political terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2020">Use mdy dates from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use American English from November 2020">Use American English from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_limited_geographic_scope_from_November_2018" title="Category:Articles with limited geographic scope from November 2018">Articles with limited geographic scope from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States-centric" title="Category:United States-centric">United States-centric</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2021">Articles to be expanded from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 02:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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