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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Operations in 1944</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations_in_1944-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations_in_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations_in_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Operations in 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations_in_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Post-war duties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Air_Force"> <div 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">38th Bombardment Group</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_American_Aviation%27s_B-25_medium_bomber,_Inglewood,_Calif.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/North_American_Aviation%27s_B-25_medium_bomber%2C_Inglewood%2C_Calif.jpg/300px-North_American_Aviation%27s_B-25_medium_bomber%2C_Inglewood%2C_Calif.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/North_American_Aviation%27s_B-25_medium_bomber%2C_Inglewood%2C_Calif.jpg/450px-North_American_Aviation%27s_B-25_medium_bomber%2C_Inglewood%2C_Calif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/North_American_Aviation%27s_B-25_medium_bomber%2C_Inglewood%2C_Calif.jpg/600px-North_American_Aviation%27s_B-25_medium_bomber%2C_Inglewood%2C_Calif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5601" data-file-height="4233" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">North American B-25C Mitchell medium bomber</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1949; 1953–1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/19px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/29px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">medium bombardment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">1942: 36 aircraft, 800 personnel<br />1943: 72 aircraft, 1600 personnel<br />1945: 96 aircraft, 1800 personnel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">The Sun Setters</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea" title="Battle of the Bismarck Sea">Battle of the Bismarck Sea</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wewak" title="Bombing of Wewak">Bombing of Wewak</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rabaul_(November_1943)" title="Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)">Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ormoc_Bay" title="Battle of Ormoc Bay">Battle of Ormoc Bay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Decorations</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-World_War_II_Victory_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="140" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/75px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/113px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/150px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Emblem of the 38th Bombardment Group</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:38thbg-emblem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/38thbg-emblem.jpg/150px-38thbg-emblem.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/38thbg-emblem.jpg/225px-38thbg-emblem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/38thbg-emblem.jpg/300px-38thbg-emblem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="377" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Aircraft flown</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bomber</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-26_Marauder" title="Martin B-26 Marauder">B-26 Marauder</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-26_Invader" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas B-26 Invader">A-26/B-26 Invader</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">B-57 Canberra</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>38th Bombardment Group</b> is an inactive unit of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>. It was most recently assigned as the operational (flying) component of the <a href="/wiki/38th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Bombardment Wing">38th Bombardment Wing</a>, stationed at <a href="/wiki/Laon-Couvron_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Laon-Couvron Air Base">Laon-Couvron Air Base</a>, France, where it was inactivated on 8 December 1957. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the 38th Bomb Group was a <a href="/wiki/USAAF_bombardment_group" class="mw-redirect" title="USAAF bombardment group">medium bombardment group</a> operating in the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Pacific_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Pacific Area">Southwest Pacific Area</a> (SWPA) as a <a href="/wiki/B-25_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell</a> unit assigned to <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth Air Force</a>. It was one of the first combat organizations of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> to be deployed to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Theater</a> when elements took part in the June 1942, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> using the Martin <a href="/wiki/B-26_Marauder" class="mw-redirect" title="B-26 Marauder">B-26 Marauder</a> medium bomber. Operating in separated echelons until February 1943, the group was re-organized in April 1943 into a standardized B-25 unit. At the conclusion of World War II, the group converted to the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-26_Invader" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas B-26 Invader">A-26 (later B-26) Invader</a> medium bomber. </p><p>The 38th Bomb Group was awarded four <a href="/wiki/United_States_Distinguished_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Distinguished Unit Citation">Distinguished Unit Citations</a> for its combat service in <a href="/wiki/Papua_(Australian_territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Papua (Australian territory)">Papua</a> (Buna and Gona, 23 July 1942 to 23 January 1943); <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a> (Cape Gloucester, 24–26 December 43); <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a> (Jefman-Samate-Sorong, 16–17 June 1944); and <a href="/wiki/Leyte" title="Leyte">Leyte</a> (Ormoc Bay, 10 November 1944). It also received recognition from the government of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> with an award of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Presidential_Unit_Citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Presidential Unit Citation">Philippine Presidential Unit Citation</a>. </p><p>During the early years of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the unit operated in France as a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> tactical bombardment group flying <a href="/wiki/B-57_Canberra" class="mw-redirect" title="B-57 Canberra">Martin B-57B Canberras</a>. The group formed the "Black Knights" aerial demonstration team that performed at several air shows in Western Europe, including the 1957 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a>. The Black Knights were the only tactical bomber show team in the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>For additional history and lineage, see <a href="/wiki/38th_Combat_Support_Wing" title="38th Combat Support Wing">38th Combat Support Wing</a></i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lineage">Lineage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lineage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Constituted as <b>38th Bombardment Group</b> (Medium) on 20 November 1940</li></ul> <dl><dd>Activated on 15 January 1941</dd> <dd>Redesignated <b>38th Bombardment Group</b>, Light on 6 May 1946</dd> <dd>Inactivated in the Far East on 1 April 1949.</dd></dl> <ul><li>Activated in France on 1 January 1953</li></ul> <dl><dd>Redesignated <b>38th Bombardment Group</b>, Tactical on 1 October 1955</dd> <dd>Inactivated on 8 December 1957</dd></dl> <ul><li>Redesignated <b>38th Tactical Missile Group</b> on 31 July 1985 (remained inactive)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assignments">Assignments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/III_Bomber_Command" title="III Bomber Command">3 Bomber (later, III Bomber) Command</a>, 15 January 1941 – 18 January 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Bomber_Command" title="V Bomber Command">V Bomber Command</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Air Echelon remained attached to <a href="/wiki/III_Bomber_Command" title="III Bomber Command">III Bomber Command</a>, 18 January-1 May 1942</dd> <dd>Ground Echelon assigned to United States Army Forces in Australia, 18 January-25 February 1942</dd> <dd>Ground Echelon assigned to Allied Air Forces, Southwest Pacific Area, 1 April 1942</dd> <dd>Two squadrons attached to <a href="/wiki/VII_Fighter_Command" title="VII Fighter Command">VII Fighter Command</a>, 1 May-1 August 1942</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_Fighter_Command" title="V Fighter Command">V Fighter Command</a> (Combined unit), 1 August 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth Air Force</a> 22 November 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Bombardment_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Bombardment Wing">38th Bombardment Wing</a> 18 August 1948 – 1 April 1949; 1 January 1953 – 8 December 1957</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Components">Components</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/69th_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="69th Bombardment Squadron">69th Bombardment Squadron</a>: 15 January 1941 – 26 February 1943</li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Flying_Training_Squadron" title="70th Flying Training Squadron">70th Bombardment Squadron</a>: 15 January 1941 – 26 February 1943</li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Flying_Training_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="71st Flying Training Squadron">71st Bombardment Squadron</a>: 15 January 1941 – 1 April 1949; 1 January 1953 – 8 December 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" title="89th Tactical Missile Squadron">89th Bombardment Squadron</a>: 6 May 1946 – 1 April 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/405th_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" title="405th Tactical Missile Squadron">15th Reconnaissance (later 405th Bombardment) Squadron</a>: 25 February 1942 – 1 April 1949; 1 January 1953 – 8 December 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/822d_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="822d Tactical Missile Squadron">822d Bombardment Squadron</a>: 20 April 1943 – 12 April 1946; 1 January 1953 – 8 December 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/823d_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="823d Tactical Missile Squadron">823d Bombardment Squadron</a>: 20 April 1943 – 12 April 1946</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stations">Stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Langley_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Langley Field">Langley Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, 15 January 1941*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Field_(airport)" title="Hawkins Field (airport)">Jackson AAB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, c. 5 June 1941 – 18 January 1942</li></ul> <dl><dd>Two squadrons operated from <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Hickam Field">Hickam Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii Territory">Hawaii Territory</a> until mid June 1942, then from <a href="/wiki/Plaine_Des_Gaiacs_Airfield" title="Plaine Des Gaiacs Airfield">Plaine Des Gaiacs Airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nadi_International_Airport" title="Nadi International Airport">Nandi Airfield</a>, Fiji</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Farm_Airport" title="Eagle Farm Airport">Doomben Field (Eagle Farm Airport)</a>, Australia, 25 February 1942*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballarat_Airport" title="Ballarat Airport">Ballarat Airport</a>, Australia, 8 March 1942*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Amberley" title="RAAF Base Amberley">RAAF Base Amberley</a>, Australia, 30 April 1942*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Farm_Airport" title="Eagle Farm Airport">Doomben Field (Eagle Farm Airport)</a>, Australia, c. 10 June 1942*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breddan_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Breddan Airfield">Breddan Airfield</a>, Australia, 7 August 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Townsville" title="RAAF Base Townsville">RAAF Base Townsville</a>, Australia, 30 September 1942</li></ul> <p>*Group ground echelons only, no aircraft or crews </p> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Airfield" title="Durand Airfield">Durand Airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, 26 November 1942</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadzab_Airfield_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadzab Airfield Complex">Nadzab Airfield Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>, 4 March 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mokmer_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Mokmer Airfield">Borokoe Airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biak" title="Biak">Biak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a>, 1 October 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitu_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitu Airport">Pitoe Airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morotai" class="mw-redirect" title="Morotai">Morotai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies">Netherlands East Indies</a>, 15 October 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayen_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingayen Airfield">Lingayen Airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines Commonwealth">Philippines Commonwealth</a>, 30 January 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yontan_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Yontan Airfield">Yontan Airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a>, 25 July 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itazuke_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Itazuke Airfield">Itazuke Airfield</a>, Japan, 27 November 1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itami_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Itami Airfield">Itami Airfield</a>, Japan, 26 October 1946 – 1 April 1949</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laon-Couvron_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Laon-Couvron Air Base">Laon-Couvron Air Base</a>, France 1 January 1953 – 8 December 1957</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aircraft">Aircraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aircraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-18_Bolo" class="mw-redirect" title="B-18 Bolo">B-18 Bolo</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-26_Marauder" class="mw-redirect" title="B-26 Marauder">B-26 Marauder</a> (1941–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-25_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell</a> (1942–1945, 1947–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-26_Invader" class="mw-redirect" title="A-26 Invader">B-26 Invader</a> (1945–1949, 1953–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">B-57 Canberra</a> (1955–1957)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creation,_training,_and_overseas_movement"><span id="Creation.2C_training.2C_and_overseas_movement"></span>Creation, training, and overseas movement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Creation, training, and overseas movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 38th Bombardment Group (Medium) was constituted on 20 November 1940 by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War Department</a> General Order AG 320.2, and activated on 15 January 1941 at <a href="/wiki/Langley_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Langley AFB">Langley Army Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, by the <a href="/wiki/2d_Bombardment_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="2d Bombardment Wing (World War II)">2nd Wing</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps#GHQ_Air_Force" title="United States Army Air Corps">GHQ Air Force</a>. Its original cadre consisted of seven officers and 112 enlisted men transferred from the <a href="/wiki/22d_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="22d Bombardment Group">22d Bombardment Group</a> to administratively organize the group. Its original assigned flying squadrons were the <a href="/wiki/69th_Bomb_Squadron" title="69th Bomb Squadron">69th</a>, <a href="/wiki/70th_Flying_Training_Squadron" title="70th Flying Training Squadron">70th</a> and <a href="/wiki/71st_Flying_Training_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="71st Flying Training Squadron">71st Bomb Squadrons</a>, with the 15th Reconnaissance Squadron activated at the same time and attached.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first week of June 1941, the group transferred to <a href="/wiki/Jackson-Evers_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson-Evers International Airport">Jackson Army Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> to receive an influx of personnel just graduated from technical schools and to train a large levy of drafted enlisted men, mostly from Pennsylvania, fresh out of <a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">basic training</a>. The first combat crews joined the group on 2 September, consisting of 30 newly commissioned pilots of <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Randolph Field">Randolph Field</a> Pilot Training Class 41-F, who began group training in seven B-18s and two <a href="/wiki/Boeing-Stearman_Model_75" title="Boeing-Stearman Model 75">PT-13 Kaydets</a>. The next month the group began receiving new <a href="/wiki/B-26_Marauder" class="mw-redirect" title="B-26 Marauder">B-26 Marauders</a>, and by 1 December 1941 each bomb squadron had 13 assigned.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first loss of an aircraft was 69th BS B-26 40-1472 in a landing accident at Jackson AAB, with all six crewmen killed, on 21 December 1941. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-26_Marauder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/B-26_Marauder.jpg/220px-B-26_Marauder.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/B-26_Marauder.jpg/330px-B-26_Marauder.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/B-26_Marauder.jpg/440px-B-26_Marauder.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>Martin B-26 Marauder</figcaption></figure> <p>The German <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a> threat to Allied shipping earmarked the group for assignment to <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine warfare</a> patrols from a base in South America. Orders to transfer the group to <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Army_Airfield" title="Hunter Army Airfield">Savannah AAB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, as the first step in the process, were rescinded when the United States was drawn into the war on 7 December 1941. Instead the group remained at Jackson until 18 January when its ground echelon entrained for movement to a port of embarkation at San Francisco, California, where it was quartered in the <a href="/wiki/Cow_Palace" title="Cow Palace">Cow Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 January the ground echelon boarded the Army transport <a href="/wiki/USS_Tasker_H._Bliss_(AP-42)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Tasker H. Bliss (AP-42)">USAT <i>Tasker H. Bliss</i></a>, formerly the <a href="/wiki/American_President_Lines#Dollar_Shipping_Company" title="American President Lines">Dollar Liner</a> SS <i>President Cleveland</i>. The <i>Bliss</i> left in convoy from San Francisco on the 31st and arrived at <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, Australia on 25 February 1942. On that date the 15th Reconnaissance Squadron was assigned as the group's fourth squadron, and re-designated the <a href="/wiki/405th_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" title="405th Tactical Missile Squadron">405th Bomb Squadron</a> on 22 April 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ground personnel of the group were employed as service and construction troops, working at various bases until assignment to <a href="/wiki/Charters_Towers" title="Charters Towers">Charters Towers</a> on 2 August. The advance party, however, found that the <a href="/wiki/3d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="3d Operations Group">3rd Bomb Group</a> and its <a href="/wiki/A-20_Havoc" class="mw-redirect" title="A-20 Havoc">A-20 Havocs</a> occupied all the desirable space and established a camp at <a href="/wiki/Breddan_Aerodrome" title="Breddan Aerodrome">Breddan</a> on 7 August. The ground element of the 71st BS moved to <a href="/wiki/Batchelor_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Batchelor Field">Batchelor Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwin, Australia">Darwin</a>, on 1 May to act as a service squadron for the <a href="/wiki/19th_Operations_Group" title="19th Operations Group">19th Bomb Group</a>, which had been compelled to evacuate its B-17s from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> by Japanese advances. On 12 August it rejoined the group at Breddan.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The air echelon did not accompany the sea movement and was quartered at <a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_(California)#Fort_McDowell" title="Angel Island (California)">Fort McDowell, California</a>, until 6 April, when it moved by train to <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright-Patterson AFB">Patterson Field</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, to continue B-26 training. On 8–7 May, the 69th and 70th BS flew new B-26Bs to California for movement to Hawaii, while the 71st and 405th began receiving <a href="/wiki/B-25_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="B-25 Mitchell">B-25 Mitchell</a> bombers for training. The 71st moved to <a href="/wiki/MacDill_Air_Force_Base" title="MacDill Air Force Base">MacDill AAB</a> where it exchanged its experienced B-26 crews for those of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Bombardment Group">21st Bomb Group</a> (a unit converting to B-26s), which were entirely newly graduated pilots from <a href="/wiki/Shafter_Airport" title="Shafter Airport">Shafter Field</a> Pilot Training Class 42-E. The 405th flew to <a href="/wiki/Barksdale_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Barksdale Field">Barksdale Field</a>, Louisiana, to exchange crews with the <a href="/wiki/17th_Training_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="17th Training Group">17th Bomb Group</a>, which was converting to B-26s because a large portion of its B-25s had been lost on the <a href="/wiki/Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a>. These novice pilots and crews became the core of the group's combat crews for the next 15 months.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="69th_and_70th_Bomb_Squadrons">69th and 70th Bomb Squadrons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 69th and 70th Bomb Squadrons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crew_of_Lt._James_Muri_with_Martin_B-26_Marauder_at_Midway_in_June_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Crew_of_Lt._James_Muri_with_Martin_B-26_Marauder_at_Midway_in_June_1942.jpg/220px-Crew_of_Lt._James_Muri_with_Martin_B-26_Marauder_at_Midway_in_June_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Crew_of_Lt._James_Muri_with_Martin_B-26_Marauder_at_Midway_in_June_1942.jpg/330px-Crew_of_Lt._James_Muri_with_Martin_B-26_Marauder_at_Midway_in_June_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Crew_of_Lt._James_Muri_with_Martin_B-26_Marauder_at_Midway_in_June_1942.jpg/440px-Crew_of_Lt._James_Muri_with_Martin_B-26_Marauder_at_Midway_in_June_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5416" data-file-height="4368" /></a><figcaption>B-26 crew at Midway Island</figcaption></figure> <p>On 19 May the first flight of three B-26 Marauders left <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton AFB">Hamilton Field</a>, for Hawaii. From 22 May to 10 June the 69th and 70th Bomb Squadrons ferried 26 Marauders to <a href="/wiki/Hickam_Air_Force_Base" title="Hickam Air Force Base">Hickam Field</a> without a single mishap.<sup id="cite_ref-larsen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larsen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two aircraft of the 69th BS in Hawaii took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh Air Force</a>. Together with two Marauders from the <a href="/wiki/408th_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="408th Bombardment Squadron">18th Reconnaissance Squadron</a> of the 22nd Bomb Group, they were modified to each carry a <a href="/wiki/Mark_13_torpedo" title="Mark 13 torpedo">Mark 13 torpedo</a> and practised torpedo runs for ten days before being deployed to <a href="/wiki/Midway_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Midway Island">Midway Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-larsen27_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larsen27-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All four took off on the morning of 4 June 1942, in an attempt to attack Japanese <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>. The bombers began their long torpedo runs at 800 feet altitude, and two were lost before they could release. The remaining B-26s then dropped down to only ten feet above the water under heavy attack from Japanese fighters and antiaircraft fire. Neither hit the carriers. The two Marauders shot down included one with a 69th BS crew, while the two survivors were heavily damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-mam_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mam-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 June the 69th received orders to proceed to <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>. Equipped with only ten B-26s and based at <a href="/wiki/Plaine_Des_Gaiacs_Airfield" title="Plaine Des Gaiacs Airfield">Plaine Des Gaiacs Airfield</a>, New Caledonia, it became the first medium bombardment squadron in the South Pacific Area. The 70th Bombardment Squadron arrived at <a href="/wiki/Nadi_International_Airport" title="Nadi International Airport">Nandi Airfield</a> on <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> one week later. </p><p>Both squadrons conducted search and bombing missions in the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> from McDonald Field on <a href="/wiki/Efate" title="Efate">Efate</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a>, and the 69th staged twice with torpedoes for strikes against the Japanese fleet that never materialized. The 70th was briefly based on <a href="/wiki/Naval_Battle_of_Guadalcanal" title="Naval Battle of Guadalcanal">Guadalcanal in mid-November</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kramer_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kramer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 69th arrived at Guadalcanal on 31 December and immediately bombed the Japanese airfield under construction at <a href="/wiki/Munda,_Solomon_Islands" title="Munda, Solomon Islands">Munda</a>. It remained at <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Field_(Guadalcanal)" title="Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)">Henderson Field</a> until 12 January, flying eleven missions against Munda and the Japanese seaplane base at <a href="/wiki/Rekata_Bay" title="Rekata Bay">Rekata Bay</a>, where it lost two Marauders to antiaircraft fire on 7 January 1943. </p><p>The 69th was advised at the end of September that it would be converting to B-25s, but it was November before the first five were received. It turned over its surviving B-26s to the 70th BS in March 1943 when it received 10 new Mitchells and began three months of conversion training. On 26 February 1943, the 69th and 70th squadrons were reassigned from the 38th Bomb Group. In March they were assigned to the <a href="/wiki/42d_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="42d Air Base Wing">42nd Bombardment Group</a> based on Fiji and the 70th also began conversion to B-25s.<sup id="cite_ref-larsent9_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larsent9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="71st_and_405th_Bomb_Squadrons">71st and 405th Bomb Squadrons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 71st and 405th Bomb Squadrons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:38thbw-tokyosleeper-b25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/38thbw-tokyosleeper-b25.jpg/220px-38thbw-tokyosleeper-b25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/38thbw-tokyosleeper-b25.jpg/330px-38thbw-tokyosleeper-b25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/38thbw-tokyosleeper-b25.jpg/440px-38thbw-tokyosleeper-b25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="566" /></a><figcaption><i>Tokyo Sleeper</i>, an original 405th BS B-25C, at Durand Airfield</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-25s_in_New_Guinea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/B-25s_in_New_Guinea.jpg/220px-B-25s_in_New_Guinea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/B-25s_in_New_Guinea.jpg/330px-B-25s_in_New_Guinea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/B-25s_in_New_Guinea.jpg/440px-B-25s_in_New_Guinea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>B-25 engaged in "mast head" bombing in New Guinea.</figcaption></figure> <p>The two B-25 squadrons of the 38th BG picked up 37 new B-25C and B-25D aircraft<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/McClellan_Air_Force_Base" title="McClellan Air Force Base">McClellan Field</a>, California, on 28 July 1942, flew them to Hamilton Field, and began movement to Hawaii in early August. These were the first B-25s to be flown to their overseas bases.<sup id="cite_ref-orgp_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orgp-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stripped of all armament (shipped separately by sea) to reduce weight and navigated without radio beacon aids, they continued on from Hickam Field to Breddan via <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_Island" title="Canton Island">Canton Island</a>, Fiji, and <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>. During the ferry operation, a navigation error over <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> while trying to find <a href="/wiki/Amberley,_Queensland" title="Amberley, Queensland">Amberley, Queensland</a> caused five bombers of the 405th BS to become lost on 14 August and run out of fuel. One was abandoned near <a href="/wiki/Lismore,_New_South_Wales" title="Lismore, New South Wales">Lismore</a>, one crash-landed at <a href="/wiki/Casino,_New_South_Wales" title="Casino, New South Wales">Casino</a>, and two others crash-landed at <a href="/wiki/Grafton,_New_South_Wales" title="Grafton, New South Wales">Grafton</a>. The fifth managed to land safely at <a href="/wiki/Evans_Head" class="mw-redirect" title="Evans Head">Evans Head</a>. One crewman was killed bailing out of his aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All aircraft of 71st BS arrived in Australia by 14 August and those of the 405th by 21 August. The now 33 bombers of the group were in place at Breddan by 25 August, and the two squadrons began flying training missions from Charters Towers on 29 August.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp2_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group was assigned to the newly activated V Bomber Command, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth Air Force</a> and operated in that command to October 1944, attacking Japanese airfields, shipping, and ground forces in New Guinea and the <a href="/wiki/Bismarck_Archipelago" title="Bismarck Archipelago">Bismarck Archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9–10 September, in preparation for starting operations, the 38th BG was assigned to the Fifth Air Force's Advanced Echelon (ADVON) and a forward echelon moved to <a href="/wiki/Horn_Island_Airport" title="Horn Island Airport">Horn Island Aerodrome</a>. 12 Mitchells flew the first combat mission on 15 September 1942, staging through <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>, to bomb and strafe Japanese Army positions and an airfield near <a href="/wiki/Buna,_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Buna, Papua New Guinea">Buna</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>. On 28 September the forward echelon displaced to <a href="/wiki/Schwimmer_Airfield" title="Schwimmer Airfield">Laloki airfield</a>, New Guinea, where it continued reconnaissance and occasional bombing missions, while the remainder of the group moved up to <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Base_Townsville" title="RAAF Base Townsville">Townsville</a>. The 38th BG experienced its first combat loss when fighters shot down a B-25 attacking a convoy off Buna on 5 October.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp2_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group had been without a commanding officer for nearly six months,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 6 November Lt. Col. Brian O'Neill, commander of the 22nd BG's <a href="/wiki/408th_Bombardment_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="408th Bombardment Squadron">408th Bomb Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Reid_River_Airfield" title="Reid River Airfield">Reid River Airfield</a> in Australia, transferred to the 38th BG and took command of the group. O'Neill remained in command for the next year, until a freak ground accident caused him to be transferred for medical treatment in October 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp6_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the month of November 1942, the group staged through <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Airfield" title="Rogers Airfield">Rorona airstrip</a>, flying a limited number of missions while the ground echelon completed its move to New Guinea by sea.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 26 November it moved into another of Moresby's airfield complex, <a href="/wiki/Durand_Airfield" title="Durand Airfield">Durand Airfield</a> ("17 Mile Drome"), from which it would operate for fifteen months. At Durand, as at the five bases which followed, the group lived in dispersed tent cities, was subject to nightly raids on its facilities by Japanese aircraft, and often staged through crude forward strips to extend the range of its combat operations. </p><p>The group participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea" title="Battle of the Bismarck Sea">Battle of the Bismarck Sea</a> on 3 March 1943, with the 405th BS engaging in an early example of <a href="/wiki/Skip_bombing" title="Skip bombing">"mast head" (skip) bombing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the Bismarck Sea mission, the 38th returned all of its aircraft over a period of months to the 4th Air Depot in Townsville for field modification to the B-25C-1 (405th BS) and B-25D-1 (71st BS) strafer configuration in which the nose compartment was enclosed with sheet metal with eight forward-firing machine guns mounted in the nose and in blister packs on the fuselage side below the cockpit. The lower turret was also removed and replaced by a 150-<a href="/wiki/U.S._gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. gallon">gallon</a> fuel tank mounted on bomb racks that allowed it to be jettisoned once fuel was transferred. The 405th made low level strafing attacks its standard operating procedure in March 1943, while the 71st BS commenced such missions in May. The modification process and training needs released the group from most combat operations between April and July.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp4_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B-25_bomb_Wewak_area.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/B-25_bomb_Wewak_area.jpg/220px-B-25_bomb_Wewak_area.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/B-25_bomb_Wewak_area.jpg/330px-B-25_bomb_Wewak_area.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/B-25_bomb_Wewak_area.jpg/440px-B-25_bomb_Wewak_area.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption>B-25s attacking Dagua Airdrome, New Guinea, in 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Cheli" title="Ralph Cheli">Major Ralph Cheli</a> (pronounced "Kelly" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-afm_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afm-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> for a mission on the second day of the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wewak" title="Bombing of Wewak">bombing of Wewak</a> on 18 August 1943. Assigned to lead both the group and the 405th BS in an attack on heavily defended Dagua Airdrome, his C-1 strafer was severely hit by enemy fire while at 150 feet. Cheli remained in formation and led the attack before crash-landing his bomber into the sea. Initially he was believed killed in the crash, but post war evidence indicates that he survived the crash but was executed in March 1944 by the Japanese while a <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a>. What were believed to be the remains of Cheli and other similarly executed POWs are now interred at <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Barracks_National_Cemetery" title="Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery">Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a>, Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp4_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp4-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two weeks later, on 2 September, sixteen strafers attacked shipping reported in Wewak harbor. Attacking in eight two-plane elements with two 1000-pound bombs each, the Mitchells came in just over the crests of low ridges to the south, into a barrage of intense antiaircraft fire at their altitude. 10 to 15 Japanese fighters eluded the P-38 top cover by circling under a 5000-foot ceiling, then attacked the bomber formation vertically and from the rear for 25 minutes. One bomber of the 405th BS was shot up as it released its bombs, then ditched in the bay. A second was pursued after bombing and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cartwheel" class="extiw" title="wikt:cartwheel">cartwheeled</a> into the Bismarck Sea when hit by fighter attacks. A third was shot down during the attacks of the 71st BS when it "<a href="/wiki/Flight_dynamics" title="Flight dynamics">snap rolled</a>" at wavetop height and crashed inverted into the bay. The crews of all three aircraft were killed. Despite the losses, small barrage balloons anchored to each ship, and a number of overshoots of the bombs, the attack succeeded in hitting several of the vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp5_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp5-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="822d_and_823d_Bomb_Squadrons">822d and 823d Bomb Squadrons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 822d and 823d Bomb Squadrons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/822d_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="822d Tactical Missile Squadron">822d</a> and <a href="/wiki/823d_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="823d Tactical Missile Squadron">823d Bomb Squadrons</a> were constituted and assigned to the 38th BG on 20 April 1943 to bring the group to a full strength of four squadrons. Both squadrons were raised in New Guinea using a cadre from the 38th BG to provide group training to a pool of incoming ground personnel, and later to new pilots. The ground personnel landed at Port Moresby on 23 June 1943 after a month at sea, while the air crews trained at Charters Towers until October. 38 new B-25G aircraft began field modifications at Townsville on 24 September and were flown by their crews to Durand on 9 and 10 October. The new squadrons flew their first combat mission on 15 October 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp6_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_American_B-25_Mitchell.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/North_American_B-25_Mitchell.JPG/220px-North_American_B-25_Mitchell.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/North_American_B-25_Mitchell.JPG/330px-North_American_B-25_Mitchell.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/North_American_B-25_Mitchell.JPG/440px-North_American_B-25_Mitchell.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>B-25G. The 75mm cannon is mounted on the underside of the nose area on the pilot's side.</figcaption></figure><p> The 822d and 823d BS field-tested the cannon-mounted B-25G bombers, and from 19 November to 25 December they were employed over the northwest coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a> against <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a> traffic between New Guinea and New Britain. The B-25G underwent a thorough combat testing during the period, firing 1,253 rounds of 75 mm ammunition.<sup id="cite_ref-cnc_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnc-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five were lost in the first month of combat and a dozen by May 1944. The losses were initially replaced by five B-25Hs, but Fifth Air Force did not prefer this model, and soon after losses were replaced by strafer configured B-25Ds. In early February 1944 the G models began depot conversion to the "B-25G-1" configuration, replacing the cannon with two .50 caliber machine guns.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp46_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp46-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The surviving G-1 models were transferred in September 1944 to the <a href="/wiki/41st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="41st Bombardment Group">41st Bomb Group</a> after new B-25Js were received. </p><p>The two veteran squadrons engaged in a series of large strikes mounted by Fifth Air Force against <a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a> in the latter half of October, attempting to neutralize the Japanese base before <a href="/wiki/Landings_at_Cape_Torokina" title="Landings at Cape Torokina">Allied landings</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville</a>, scheduled for 1 November. On 2 November, the 71st and 405th BS were part of a force of nine understrength squadrons of B-25s and six squadrons of P-38 Lightning fighters that <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rabaul_(November_1943)" title="Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)">attacked Simpson Harbor</a> to cover the landings. In its strafing attack on shipping, the 38th lost three B-25s to antiaircraft fire from numerous Japanese naval vessels in the harbor.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp6_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp6-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the neutralization of Rabaul, the group attacked airfields on New Britain in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Gloucester" title="Battle of Cape Gloucester">landing of the U.S. Marines on Cape Gloucester</a>, then shifted on 19 December to bombing of defense positions. On D-Day, 26 December, all four squadrons of the group laid smoke screens and strafed the beaches at low altitude, for which the group was awarded its second Distinguished Unit Citation. In January 1944 the group began staging its missions through <a href="/wiki/Girua_Airport" title="Girua Airport">Dobodura</a>. On 15 February 1944 the group attacked Japanese shipping in <a href="/wiki/Kavieng" title="Kavieng">Kavieng</a> harbor, where a 71st BS B-25 was forced to ditch after being set aflame by antiaircraft fire during its bomb run. The three survivors of the crew were among fifteen rescued by U.S. Navy <a href="/wiki/PBY_Catalina" class="mw-redirect" title="PBY Catalina">PBY Catalina</a> pilot Lt. J.G. <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Green_Gordon" title="Nathan Green Gordon">Nathan G. Gordon</a>, who received the Medal of Honor for the exploit. On 4 March the 38th BG moved to a new permanent station at <a href="/wiki/Lae_Nadzab_Airport" title="Lae Nadzab Airport">Nadzab Field</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp3_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operations_in_1944">Operations in 1944</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Operations in 1944"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group experienced significant non-combat losses of aircraft to New Guinea's volatile climate and rugged terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 April 1944, 24 bombers took off to bomb <a href="/wiki/Jayapura" title="Jayapura">Hollandia</a>, with two returning to base with engine problems. The remaining 22 bombed their targets without opposition by the Japanese, but on the return flight encountered a massive <a href="/wiki/Occluded_front" title="Occluded front">storm front</a>. Unable to penetrate the front, the squadron formations dispersed at the coast, with eight planes landing safely at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Gloucester_(Papua_New_Guinea)" title="Cape Gloucester (Papua New Guinea)">Cape Gloucester</a> and three others at <a href="/wiki/Finschhafen" title="Finschhafen">Finschhafen</a>. The other 11 attempted to land at <a href="/wiki/Saidor_Airport" title="Saidor Airport">Saidor</a>, but two were severely damaged and four wrecked in crashes or runway collisions with other aircraft. Four airmen were killed. In all the weather front on "Black Sunday" claimed 37 USAAF aircraft lost or destroyed, the biggest weather loss in the history of the United States Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ff18_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff18-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:38thbg-B-25s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/38thbg-B-25s.jpg/220px-38thbg-B-25s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/38thbg-B-25s.jpg/330px-38thbg-B-25s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/38thbg-B-25s.jpg/440px-38thbg-B-25s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="515" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>71st Bomb Squadron B-25Js in the Southwest Pacific, 1944.</figcaption></figure> <p>While based at Nadzab, the group increasingly used forward strips from which to stage missions, including Hollandia, <a href="/wiki/Wakde_Airfield" title="Wakde Airfield">Wakde</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frans_Kaisiepo_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Frans Kaisiepo Airport">Borokoe Airfield</a> on <a href="/wiki/Biak" title="Biak">Biak</a>. In May and June the 38 conducted a month of attacks against Japanese airpower in the <a href="/wiki/Vogelkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogelkop">Vogelkop</a> to protect Allied amphibious movements along the north coast of New Guinea. The campaign culminated in a two-group attack on Jefman and Samate Dromes at the extreme western tip of New Guinea, led by the 38th BG. The 670-mile mission, the longest to date by medium bombers in the SWPA, required staging through Hollandia and Wakde airfields and the use of 215-gallon fuel tanks mounted in the bomb bays. Attacking in two waves of 11 aircraft abreast, the group strafed and used parachute bombs against more than forty Japanese aircraft on the fields. The leading wave of bombers claimed five Japanese aircraft shot down attempting to take off, and four others that evaded the P-38 escort and attempted to bomb the group using <a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus" title="White phosphorus">white phosphorus</a> aerial-bursting bombs. The smoke from fires caused by its attack grew so thick that the last crews through were forced to fly on instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-ff19_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff19-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One mission report stated: "Col. (Donald P.) Hall led the formation so low over the drome that plane number 233, piloted by Lieutenant Breneman, was forced to pull up to strafe the operations tower." The next day the group returned to attack shipping it had observed in <a href="/wiki/Sorong_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorong (city)">Sorong</a> harbor during the mission against the airdromes. The missions earned the group its third DUC.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp68_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp68-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of June, attrition and extensive operations reduced the group to 67 crews, of which only 23 were medically available for combat. As a result, nearly 300 air crewmen diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Combat_stress_reaction" title="Combat stress reaction">combat fatigue</a> were sent back to the United States for rest and recuperation.<sup id="cite_ref-ff11_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff11-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During July and August 1944 the group was taken off operations while it received replacements, trained 63 fresh crews in formation flying, practiced bombing, and exchanged its B-25G and C-1/D-1 models for B-25J aircraft. The 823rd BS was the first to become operational with the J, followed soon after by the 405th, which had not received a replacement aircraft in over a year.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group's first combat mission using the B-25J occurred on 5 September 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp78_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp78-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 38th BG supported the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morotai" title="Battle of Morotai">Allied landings on Morotai</a> on the mornings of 15 and 16 September 1944 by conducting low level missions to spray <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">anti-malarial</a> measure on the vegetation-overgrown <a href="/wiki/Pitu_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitu Airport">Pitoe Airfield</a>, located just behind Red Beach. 19 of 21 planned sorties were completed, spraying 3,000 gallons of the pesticide-oil mixture, followed by 2,400 more gallons on 29 September.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp81_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp81-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 October the group moved into Pitoe's new dual-strip airfield to support the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte" title="Battle of Leyte">Allied invasion of Leyte</a> by bombing airfields, ground installations, harbors, and shipping in the southern <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. When the Japanese fleet threatened the beachhead on 24 October during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Battle of Leyte Gulf</a>, the 38th BG was alerted for possible missions, but the fleet did not come within range of the B-25's on Morotai.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 November the 38th BG was ordered to attack a large Japanese ship convoy in <a href="/wiki/Ormoc_Bay" title="Ormoc Bay">Ormoc Bay</a> attempting to land reinforcements. The convoy consisted of three large transports and several smaller merchant vessels, escorted by ten <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyers</a> and patrol craft. 32 bombers of the group took off from Morotai at 0800, two of them returning for mechanical problems, and picked up an escort of 37 <a href="/wiki/P-47_Thunderbolt" class="mw-redirect" title="P-47 Thunderbolt">P-47 Thunderbolts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/348th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="348th Fighter Group">348th Fighter Group</a> en route to a new fighter base at <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Z._Romualdez_Airport" title="Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport">Tacloban Airfield</a>, Leyte. At 1135 the convoy was sighted, and the group circled to make its approach from the land side. It attacked individual ships in two-plane elements at 150 feet under intense and effective antiaircraft fire from the Japanese naval vessels. In just seven minutes of combat, five of the lead 822nd Squadron's eight bombers were shot down, including the group leader, as were two of the 823rd BS, last over the convoy. The group, which was awarded its fourth Distinguished Unit Citation for the mission, suffered its greatest loss: seven bombers, three complete crews, and 21 dead or missing. While its claims were exaggerated in both tonnage and numbers of vessels sunk, the two largest transports<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a frigate<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were sunk and serious damage inflicted on the rest of the convoy.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp89_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp89-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operations_in_1945">Operations in 1945</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Operations in 1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group moved forward to <a href="/wiki/Lingayen_Airport" title="Lingayen Airport">Lingayan Field</a> on Luzon on 30 January 1945. The next day the 822nd BS redressed its losses at Ormoc by attacking a three-destroyer convoy near <a href="/wiki/Formosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Formosa">Formosa</a>, sinking the 1500-ton <i><a href="/wiki/Matsu_class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsu class destroyer">Ume</a></i> and damaging the other two.<sup id="cite_ref-ff14_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ff14-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first week of February the group provided on-call <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">close air support</a> to US ground forces, directed by <a href="/wiki/P-40_Warhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="P-40 Warhawk">P-40 Warhawks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/71st_Reconnaissance_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="71st Reconnaissance Group">71st Reconnaissance Group</a> acting as <a href="/wiki/Forward_air_controller" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward air controller">forward air controllers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 February, it coordinated with <a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">SBD dive bombers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marine_Aircraft_Group_24" title="Marine Aircraft Group 24">Marine Aircraft Group 24</a> in bombing Japanese positions defending <a href="/wiki/Umingan" title="Umingan">Umingan</a> against attacks by the <a href="/wiki/25th_Infantry_Division_(United_States)" title="25th Infantry Division (United States)">U.S. 25th Division</a>, then supported the <a href="/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)" title="1st Cavalry Division (United States)">1st Cavalry Division</a> as it moved into <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. The mediums then began a campaign against industries and airfields on Formosa, and attacked shipping along the southeast China coast. Tactics evolved in which formations of 36 aircraft bombed from medium altitudes, while low altitude strafing attacks featured four waves of B-25Js flying nine abreast, such as the attack on the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a> airfield at <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichū (台中), Formosa</a>, on 2 March.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The raid of 2 March illustrates the scope of medium bomber operations in the Western Pacific in 1945: attacks in <a href="/wiki/Wing_(military_aviation_unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing (military aviation unit)">bombardment wing</a> strength using two groups,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each group with its own target,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> employing a mission force of 72 B-25 bombers, 24 <a href="/wiki/P-51_Mustang" class="mw-redirect" title="P-51 Mustang">P-51 Mustang</a> fighter escorts, and two <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">OA-10 Catalinas</a> on station for rescue operations.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp110_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp110-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 March, the group attacked a small convoy of warships escorting a large freighter near <a href="/wiki/Amoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoy">Amoy</a>, China. Flying abreast in four attack waves totaling 22 Mitchells, each squadron lost a bomber in the brief but vicious combat, with two going down in the target area and two others crash-landing at <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth Air Force</a> fields on the Chinese mainland. </p><p>On 13 May, after evaluating two months of strikes against Formosan targets, group commander Lt. Col. Edwin H. Hawes conceived a sustained campaign to eradicate all Japanese <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">sugar mill/ethanol refineries</a> on Formosa. He formed specially-designated two-crew teams from each squadron, each team selecting and bombing a target every fourth day, to provide daily pressure on the industry. The group became known as the "Alcohol Busters".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 June 1945 half of the air echelon of 38th BG (30 B-25s) was sent on short notice to <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Princesa_International_Airport" title="Puerto Princesa International Airport">Puerta Princesa Airfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palawan" title="Palawan">Palawan</a>, where it was attached to the 42nd Bomb Group of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Air Force">Thirteenth Air Force</a> to form a nine-squadron wing.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the remainder of June it conducted <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">preinvasion</a> low altitude bombing of Japanese installations at <a href="/wiki/Balikpapan,_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Balikpapan, Borneo">Balikpapan, Borneo</a>. Its first mission on 22 June consisted of 54 Mitchells flying 18 abreast in three waves, strafing and dropping air-fused <a href="/wiki/Napalm" title="Napalm">napalm</a> bombs. On the mission of 29 June, the group was forced to attack through the exploding bursts of bombs dropped by B-24 Liberators flying at much higher altitude, losing one B-25.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp142_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp142-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After its return to Lingayen, it conducted training missions until an advanced party flew to <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a> on 14 July to prepare for the transfer of the group to <a href="/wiki/Yontan_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Yontan Airfield">Yontan Airfield</a>. The ground echelon boarded <a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">LSTs</a> on 26 July and moved to <a href="/wiki/Subic_Bay" title="Subic Bay">Subic Bay</a>, where it remained until the end of the month. It reached Yontan by sea on 8 August. The air echelon flew to Yontan on 25 July and began attacks on industries, railways, and shipping in southern Japan and both coasts of Korea. Japanese home defenses proved effective and seven B-25s were lost in combat between 26 July and 10 August, with only one crew surviving.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp151_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp151-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em;" width="250px"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: olive"><span style="color:white;"><b>38th BG B-25 losses</b></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>95</b></td> <td>B-25's lost in combat </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">44</td> <td>B-25's lost in non-combat accidents </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>442</b></td> <td>Air crew <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Missing_in_action" title="Missing in action">missing in action</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"></td> <td><small>All figures from Official History.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On the morning of 9 August 1945, ten B-25Js led by Col. Hawes attacked the Japanese aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Kaiyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese aircraft carrier Kaiyo"><i>Kaiyo</i> (海鷹)</a>, beached in <a href="/wiki/Beppu_Bay" title="Beppu Bay">Beppu Bay</a> on <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>. Flying three abreast at low level through a thick haze, six of the ten aircraft struck the carrier with five 1000-pound <a href="/wiki/Delay-action_bomb" title="Delay-action bomb">delayed-action demolition bombs</a>. Hawes and his crew were killed when a wingtip of their bomber struck a tree, then the carrier itself, and crashed beside the ship after releasing its bombs. Hawes' Mitchell was the last lost by the group during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-38bgp151_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38bgp151-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 38th Bomb Group flew its final combat mission on 13 August 1945, searching for shipping off the east coast of Korea, and the next morning moved its 54 operational bombers back to Morotai to make room for units involved in the imminent occupation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_duties">Post-war duties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Post-war duties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 38th BG returned to Yontan from Morotai on 26 September, having lost three additional B-25s to accidents. On 1 October the group transferred out all aircraft with more than 600 hours of flight time, which reduced it to nine B-25s. Okinawa was struck by <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a> on 16 September and 9 October, the latter destroying all tents and structures in the 38th's camp at Yontan, but the bombers were saved by weighting down their wings with sandbags and using full engine power to keep them turned into the wind.<sup id="cite_ref-gunn_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 November the group was designated for movement to Kyushu, to be based at <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Airport" title="Fukuoka Airport">Itazuke Air base</a> near <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/PACAF" class="mw-redirect" title="PACAF">Far East Air Forces</a> occupation force. On 7 November the group divided into advance and rear echelons and began loading five LSTs for the movement. The convoy sailed on 13 November, offloading at <a href="/wiki/Sasebo,_Nagasaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasebo, Nagasaki">Sasebo</a> by 22 November (it was unable to unload at Fukuoka because the harbor had not been swept of <a href="/wiki/Naval_mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval mines">naval mines</a>). On 25 November the aircraft flew from Okinawa to <a href="/wiki/Ashiya_Air_Field" title="Ashiya Air Field">Ashiya Air Base</a> because Itazuke was not yet serviceable. Their crews were trucked 40 miles to Itazuke, followed two days later by the rear air echelon, which arrived in 18 C-47s. The 38th BG began rehabilitation of the base using groups of Japanese laborers.<sup id="cite_ref-gunn_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 38th BG returned more than 500 men to the United States for demobilization before the end of 1945. In January 1946, it received 16 <a href="/wiki/A-26_Invader" class="mw-redirect" title="A-26 Invader">A-26 Invader</a> bombers at Ashiya for orientation and training, assigned to the 405th BS. A lack of engineering personnel in the group resulted in most of the aircraft being grounded until acceptance inspections could be performed.<sup id="cite_ref-gunn_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group was reduced to three squadrons on 12 April 1946 as both the 822nd and 823rd BS were inactivated and the <a href="/wiki/89th_Tactical_Missile_Squadron" title="89th Tactical Missile Squadron">89th Bomb Squadron</a> at Itazuke was assigned to the group.<sup id="cite_ref-afhs82_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afhs82-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group was redesignated as the 38th Bombardment Group (Light) in May 1946 and reassigned to the <a href="/wiki/315th_Air_Division" title="315th Air Division">315th Air Division</a>. Operational surveillance missions began in April, with two A-26s lost in weather-related crashes in April and May. In September 1946 the group moved to <a href="/wiki/Itami" title="Itami">Itami</a>, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-gunn_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunn-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 405th BS was reduced to a paper squadron without aircraft or personnel, then relocated at Itazuke between 1 January and 1 May 1947 to be a basic military training unit, after which it returned to Itami as a non-flying labor unit until the establishment of the USAF. The 71st BS discontinued flight operations on 1 November 1946 and went into an unmanned status until 1 May 1947, when it received new personnel at Itami in preparation for resuming operations. The 89th BS became the sole operational squadron of the group between November 1946 and September 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-afhs83_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afhs83-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Air_Force">United States Air Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: United States Air Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bor-b26b-180lbs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bor-b26b-180lbs.jpg/220px-Bor-b26b-180lbs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bor-b26b-180lbs.jpg/330px-Bor-b26b-180lbs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Bor-b26b-180lbs.jpg/440px-Bor-b26b-180lbs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Douglas B-26C Invader of the 822nd Bomb Squadron</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:822d_Bombardment_Squadron_B-57B-MA_52-1577_1956.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/822d_Bombardment_Squadron_B-57B-MA_52-1577_1956.jpg/220px-822d_Bombardment_Squadron_B-57B-MA_52-1577_1956.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/822d_Bombardment_Squadron_B-57B-MA_52-1577_1956.jpg/330px-822d_Bombardment_Squadron_B-57B-MA_52-1577_1956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/822d_Bombardment_Squadron_B-57B-MA_52-1577_1956.jpg/440px-822d_Bombardment_Squadron_B-57B-MA_52-1577_1956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1078" data-file-height="761" /></a><figcaption>Members of the 822d Bombardment Squadron posing in front of their new Martin B-57B 52-1577 at Laon-Couvron AB, France in 1955.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 18 September 1947 the 38th Bomb Group became part of the independent United States Air Force. Both the 71st and 405th Squadrons were subsequently re-equipped with B-26C Invader and TB-25 Mitchell aircraft, resuming surveillance and training missions. Under the reorganization of the Air Force wing plan, it was made the combat component of the newly activated <a href="/wiki/38th_Combat_Support_Wing" title="38th Combat Support Wing">38th Bombardment Wing (Light)</a> on 18 August 1948. It assisted in the air defense of Japan and participated in <a href="/wiki/Tactical_bombing" title="Tactical bombing">tactical</a> exercises from August 1948 – March 1949. The 38th Bombardment Group was inactivated in the Far East on 1 April 1949. </p><p>The group was reactivated on 1 January 1953 as the 38th Bombardment Group (Tactical), again a subordinate component of the 38th Bomb Wing, now part of <a href="/wiki/USAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="USAFE">United States Air Forces in Europe</a>, and based at <a href="/wiki/Laon-Couvron_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Laon-Couvron Air Base">Laon-Couvron Air Base</a>, France. The 71st, 405th and 822d Bomb Squadrons were reactivated as the group's flying components. The group absorbed the assets and personnel of the <a href="/wiki/126th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="126th Air Refueling Wing">126th Bomb Group</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Air_National_Guard" title="Illinois Air National Guard">Illinois Air National Guard</a> unit that was inactivated and returned to state control. </p><p>The group flew the B-26 Invader until April 1955, when it converted to the <a href="/wiki/B-57B_Canberra" class="mw-redirect" title="B-57B Canberra">B-57B Canberra</a> tactical bomber. A total of forty-nine B-57B and eight 2-seat B-57C models for training were deployed to Laon. The 38th Bomb Group was the only tactical bombardment unit assigned to USAFE. The mission of the B-57B was all-weather interdiction using conventional weapons, but it was also nuclear weapons-capable and provided a nuclear deterrence. The Canberras at Laon were painted a gloss black. Using five B-57's, the 38th BG formed its own <a href="/wiki/Aerobatics" title="Aerobatics">aerial demonstration team</a> called the <i>Black Knights</i>. They performed at air shows around Western Europe, including the 1957 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Air_Show" title="Paris Air Show">Paris Air Show</a>. The Black Knights were the only tactical bomber show team in the world. </p><p>In 1958, French President <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> announced that all NATO nuclear weapons and delivery aircraft had to be removed from French soil by July 1958. Since the parent wing was nuclear capable by NATO policy, it was ordered to depart France. The 38th BG was inactivated at Laon on 8 December 1957 and its three squadrons assigned directly to the wing while aircraft and personnel were transferred to other units. The wing then moved on 18 June 1958 to <a href="/wiki/Hahn_Air_Base" title="Hahn Air Base">Hahn Air Base</a>, Germany, where it was redesignated a tactical missile wing using the <a href="/wiki/TM-61_Matador" class="mw-redirect" title="TM-61 Matador">TM-61 Matador</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><small>The honors earned by the group prior to 18 August 1948 were bestowed for display on the <a href="/wiki/38th_Combat_Support_Wing" title="38th Combat Support Wing">38th Combat Support Wing</a>.</small><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decorations">Decorations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Streamer_PUC_Army.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Streamer_PUC_Army.PNG/350px-Streamer_PUC_Army.PNG" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Streamer_PUC_Army.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:100px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 4px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 29px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 55px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 81px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bronze oak leaf cluster"><img alt="Bronze oak leaf cluster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/22px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/33px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg/44px-Bronze_oak_leaf-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="252" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/100px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/150px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg/200px-U.S._Army_and_U.S._Air_Force_Presidential_Unit_Citation_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt><i><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Distinguished Unit Citation, World War II</a></i></dt> <dd>Papua, September 1942 – 23 January 1943</dd> <dd>New Britain, 24–26 December 1943</dd> <dd>New Guinea, 16–17 June 1944</dd> <dd>Leyte, 10 November 1944</dd></dl> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Unit_Citation_(Philippines)_Streamer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29_Streamer.png/350px-Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29_Streamer.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29_Streamer.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidential_Unit_Citation_(Philippines).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29.svg/100px-Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29.svg/150px-Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29.svg/200px-Presidential_Unit_Citation_%28Philippines%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt><i><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Unit Citation (Philippines)">Philippine Presidential Unit Citation</a></i></dt> <dd>Liberation of the Philippine Islands</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_streamers">Service streamers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Service streamers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Streamer_APC.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Streamer for Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal"><img alt="Streamer for Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Streamer_APC.PNG/350px-Streamer_APC.PNG" decoding="async" width="350" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Streamer_APC.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="35" /></a></span> </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position:relative; width:100px; border:none; line-height:1.5em; display:-moz-inline-stack; display:inline-block; zoom:1; *display:inline;"><div style="position:relative; display:inline-block;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 23px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver-service-star-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver service star"><img alt="Silver star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/18px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/27px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/36px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 63px; top: 5px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Silver-service-star-3d.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver service star"><img alt="Silver star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/18px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/27px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Silver-service-star-3d.svg/36px-Silver-service-star-3d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/100px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/150px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg/200px-Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="279" /></a></span></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dt><i><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_Campaign_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal">Air Combat, Asiatic-Pacific Theater</a></i></dt> <dd>Air Offensive, Japan</dd> <dd>China Defensive</dd> <dd>Papua</dd> <dd>New Guinea</dd> <dd>Bismarck Archipelago</dd> <dd>Western Pacific</dd> <dd>Leyte</dd> <dd>Luzon</dd> <dd>Southern Philippines</dd> <dd>China Offensive</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ormoc_Bay" title="Battle of Ormoc Bay">Battle of Ormoc Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea" title="Battle of the Bismarck Sea">Battle of the Bismarck Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Rabaul_(November_1943)" title="Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)">Bombing of Rabaul (November 1943)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Wewak" title="Bombing of Wewak">Bombing of Wewak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Martin_B-26_Marauder_operators" title="List of Martin B-26 Marauder operators">List of Martin B-26 Marauder operators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces_in_Australia" title="United States Army Air Forces in Australia">United States Army Air Forces in Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Footnotes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">At least one anecdotal narrative by a 38th combat veteran recalled that, in addition to the inter-group crew swaps described in the 38th's official history, the B-26 crews of the 69th/70th were "swapped" internally with the B-26 crews of the 71st/405th just prior to the 7 May detachment of those squadrons from the group. The designated commander of the 38th's air echelon, 405th BS commander Lt. Col. Millard Lewis, was detached at Barksdale to command the <a href="/wiki/335th_Bombardment_Group" title="335th Bombardment Group">335th Bombardment Group</a>, a new B-26 training group.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capt. James F. Collins, Jr. of the 69th BS led the attack. 2nd Lt. William S. Watson and his entire crew were shot down and killed on their way into the target at low level. The 28 members of all four crews were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The types were identical. The designations denote their place of manufacture: <a href="/wiki/Inglewood,_California" title="Inglewood, California">Inglewood</a>, California (C) and <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Kansas" title="Kansas City, Kansas">Kansas City</a>, Kansas (D).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Between 20 and 40 B-25Cs had been in combat with the <a href="/wiki/3d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="3d Operations Group">3rd Bomb Group</a> since 6 April, but were from a consignment shipped in crates to Australia for use by the Dutch Air Force. These had been returned to (or retained by) the USAAF because the Dutch did not have pilots to fly them.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The navigator's parachute opened inside the aircraft and was useless. He attempted to parachute by hanging onto another crewman, but was torn away by the shock of the chute opening.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The standard medium bombardment group had four squadrons and 63 aircraft in 1942–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Of the original 37 bombers, five were transferred to other units. Seven were lost in combat, fourteen to non-combat accidents, and seven retired from combat by 1 March 1944, to become administrative aircraft ("hacks"). Only four continued flying combat after that date, the last retired in September 1944 with 160+ missions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When the air echelon was broken up in May 1942, group commander Lt. Col. Fay Upthegrove (in Australia) returned to the United States and was assigned command of the <a href="/wiki/99th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="99th Bombardment Group">99th Bombardment Group</a>. The 38th BG was under the acting command of its executive officer, Lt. Col. Theodore C. Castle, until Col. Brian O'Neill took command. The history compiled by the 38th BG Association in 2005 stated that Castle had been in actual command but was relieved for medical reasons related to a near-air crash. If so, Air Force records do not bear this out.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per the group history, O'Neill, known as "Shanty" O'Neill, had a late night fondness for <a href="/wiki/Powdered_milk" title="Powdered milk">powdered cheese</a>, which he would scoop from a container kept in the headquarters squadron mess. New cooks, unaware of his habit and without changing the storage location, used the container to store <a href="/wiki/Lye" title="Lye">lye</a>, which O'Neill nearly ingested and which caused severe chemical burns to his mouth. When infection set it, he was sent to Australia for hospitalization. O'Neill returned to Fifth Air Force as a staff officer with the 308th Bomb Wing, the next higher administrative echelon for the 38th BG.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 38BG Association published an anecdote in its newsletter, possibly apocryphal, that the scheduled move was advanced before their base was completed because of a tiff in the Officer's Club in Townsville between crewmen of the 405th BS and the base Provost Marshal. The crewmen, returning from a mission to retrieve their personal items, found their quarters reassigned to another unit and their belongings missing. When they attempted to dine at the club, they were threatened with arrest by the Provost for failing to wear ties, and to instigate a protest arrest, destroyed glassware, aware that the commanding general of ADVON, BG <a href="/wiki/Ennis_Whitehead" title="Ennis Whitehead">Ennis C. Whitehead</a>, would have them released. A variation in the association's group history (2005) has them arriving after the club had closed, being refused dinner because they were not in Class A uniform, and then arrested for throwing food on the floor.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill flew the morning mission in the lead aircraft of the 405th with Ralph Cheli, and the afternoon mission in the lead aircraft of the 71st BS, earning the Distinguished Service Cross.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Of the three crews shot down in August 1943, all but one of the twelve survivors captured are believed to have been executed by their captors.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Fifth Air Force lost nine B-25s, three from each of the attacking groups, and nine P-38s at Rabaul on "Bloody Tuesday".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">One of the first crews lost on a combat mission fell to this deadly combination and their bodies were not recovered until more than 60 years after the crash. The 405th BS crew of B-25C 41-12907, nicknamed <i>The Happy Legend</i>, crashed into a mountainside in heavy cloud during a mission on 5 December 1942. Although the wreckage was located within weeks, the site remained inaccessible until 2002, and because live bombs were still in the wreckage, the remains of two crewmen could not be recovered until 2006. On 17 November 2009, one of the crewmembers and the personal effects of the remainder were buried in separate coffins at <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a>. "World War II Bomber Crew Buried", <i>AIR FORCE Magazine</i>, February 2010, Vol. 93 No. 2, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Until September 1944 the Fifth Air Force did not have a program for rotation of combat crewmen based on completion of tour. The SWPA had the lowest priority of replacement scheduling, receiving only enough to fill attrition losses, and Gen. Kenney required crews to serve a minimum of a year on operations regardless of numbers of sorties or hours flown. Only personnel diagnosed as combat fatigue cases were returned to the United States without having a replacement already in the unit, a requirement of Headquarters AAF for rotation from all theaters of war. The other B-25 group in the Fifth Air Force, the <a href="/wiki/345th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="345th Bombardment Group">345th Bomb Group</a>, had similar personnel problems. In September 1944, V Bomber Command published a rotation policy using a point system based on hours flown and combat conditions encountered that for B-25 crewmen averaged 250 combat hours for eligibility for rotation. This matched <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">Far East Air Forces</a>'s replacement schedule. Personnel were rotated with the highest accumulated point totals among those eligible returning first.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Several B-25G-1s remained with the 71st and 823rd BS and saw combat on "maximum effort" missions as late as 6 December 1944.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.net/hyperwar/Japan/IJN/JANAC-Losses/index.html">JANAC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724111542/http://www.ibiblio.net/hyperwar/Japan/IJN/JANAC-Losses/index.html">Archived</a> 24 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Takatsu Maru</i> (5350 tons) and <i>Kashii Maru</i> (8,407 tons).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per JANAC, <i>Coast Defense Vessel No. 11</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The P-40s were recent hand-downs from fighter groups converting to P-38s. The 71st RG used them briefly while awaiting delivery of new P-51s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 34 B-25Js that reached the target expended 104,985 rounds of .50 caliber ammunition. Two bombers of the lead squadron were shot down by a flak tower.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fifth Air Force was not organized into wings but had all its combat groups assigned directly to commands. The 38th BG was the only bombardment group not assigned to V Bomber Command, having been a part of V Fighter Command since 1942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The lead 345th BG bombed Toyohara Airdrome to the north to split the defenses. In addition, two Liberator groups and an A-20 group also attacked Formosan airfields.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aircraft Movement Sheet for mission 158-C-8, 405th Bomb Squadron, of 28 May is the first specific use of the term in official documents. It was also seen in various reporting as the "Alcohol Busters of Formosa" and "Hawes' Alcohol Busters". The campaign ran through the end of May and ultimately attacked 16 targets, destroying 13. 38th Bomb Group Association Part 133 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Palawan tour marked the only time during World War II that the 38th BG flew combat operations with its former 69th and 70th BS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 42nd BG and all five of its squadrons received a DUC for this campaign, but the attached squadrons of the 38th did not. This occurred previously in 2 November 1943 attack on Rabaul, in which only the 345th BG was decorated. In all, the 38th participated in six DUC-awarded missions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Does not include aircraft destroyed on ground or written off as beyond economical repair.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This mission encountered severe haze conditions which the group history speculated might have been part of the atomic cloud of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki#Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">bombing of Nagasaki</a> that morning, 80 miles to the southwest. However the time over target for the lead squadron was more than an hour before the Nagasaki detonation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 822nd would not be reactivated until 1953, and the 823rd did not reactivate until 1962. The 89th BS had formerly been part of the 3rd Bomb Group.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-38bgp1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg/42-38bgp-sun-setters-part-001/file">"Official History of the 38th Bomb Group (M), January 1941 – March 1944"</a>. 38th Bomb Group Association. 1945<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History+of+the+38th+Bomb+Group+%28M%29%2C+January+1941+%E2%80%93+March+1944&rft.pub=38th+Bomb+Group+Association&rft.date=1945&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg%2F42-38bgp-sun-setters-part-001%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 001 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp2_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp2_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 002 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larsen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-larsen_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen">Larsen</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larsen27-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-larsen27_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen">Larsen</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mam-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mam_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrisbee1986">Frisbee 1986</a>, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKernan2005">Kernan 2005</a>, p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kramer-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kramer_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRohfleisch1953">Rohfleisch 1953</a>, p. 59</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larsent9-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-larsent9_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarsen">Larsen</a>, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orgp-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orgp_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenderW._J._English_(38_BG_Assn)2008" class="citation web cs1">Bender, Capt. Earl W.; W. J. English (38 BG Assn) (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/articles/stories2/112-original-37-planes">"Original 37 planes"</a>. 38BGA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Original+37+planes&rft.pub=38BGA&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Bender&rft.aufirst=Capt.+Earl+W.&rft.au=W.+J.+English+%2838+BG+Assn%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Farticles%2Fstories2%2F112-original-37-planes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaugland1948">Haugland 1948</a>, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp6-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp6_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp6_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp6_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 006 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp3_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp3_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 003 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp4-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp4_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp4_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 004 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afm-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-afm_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081214171909/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802977,00.html">"Army & Navy—Heroes: Pronounced Kelly"</a>. <i>TIME Magazine</i> (6 September). 6 September 1943. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802977,00.html">the original</a> on 14 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TIME+Magazine&rft.atitle=Army+%26+Navy%E2%80%94Heroes%3A+Pronounced+Kelly&rft.issue=6+September&rft.date=1943-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C802977%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp5-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp5_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 005 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnc-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnc_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMortensen1953">Mortensen 1953</a>, p. 333</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp46-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp46_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 046 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClaringbould1995">Claringbould 1995</a>, p. Appendix II</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ff18-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ff18_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFutrell1953d">Futrell 1953d</a>, p. 597</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ff19-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ff19_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFutrell1953e">Futrell 1953e</a>, p. 641</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp68-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp68_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 068 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ff11-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ff11_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFutrell1953a">Futrell 1953a</a>, pp. 324–325</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFutrell1953a">Futrell 1953a</a>, p. 331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp78-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp78_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 078 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp81-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp81_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 081 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFutrell1953b">Futrell 1953b</a>, p. 366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp89-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp89_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 089 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ff14-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ff14_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFutrell1953c">Futrell 1953c</a>, p. 429</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp110-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp110_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg?limit=100&limitstart=100">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg%3Flimit%3D100%26limitstart%3D100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span> Part 110 download.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp142-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38bgp142_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg?limit=100&limitstart=100">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg%3Flimit%3D100%26limitstart%3D100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span>, Part 142 download</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38bgp151-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp151_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-38bgp151_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg?limit=100&limitstart=100">"Official History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg%3Flimit%3D100%26limitstart%3D100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span>, Part 151 download</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunn-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gunn_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunn_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunn_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gunn_59-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunn2008" class="citation web cs1">Gunn, David (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/newsletter-archive/36-2008-09-newsletter/file">"No More Bombing Missions"</a>. 38BGA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+More+Bombing+Missions&rft.pub=38BGA&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gunn&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fnewsletter-archive%2F36-2008-09-newsletter%2Ffile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afhs82-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-afhs82_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1969b">Maurer 1969b</a>, pp. 769–770</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afhs83-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-afhs83_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaurer1969a">Maurer 1969a</a>, pp. 302–303</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/433554/38-combat-support-wing-usafe/">38 Combat Support Wing fact sheet</a>, AFHRA. Retrieved 25 April 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afhra.af.mil/">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaringbould1995" class="citation book cs1">Claringbould, Michael John (1995). <i>Black Sunday: When the U.S. Fifth Air Force Lost to New Guinea Weather</i>. Kingston, Australia: Aerothentic Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-646-23208-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-646-23208-8"><bdi>0-646-23208-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Sunday%3A+When+the+U.S.+Fifth+Air+Force+Lost+to+New+Guinea+Weather&rft.place=Kingston%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Aerothentic+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-646-23208-8&rft.aulast=Claringbould&rft.aufirst=Michael+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisbee1986" class="citation journal cs1">Frisbee, John L. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/1986/April%201986/0486valor.aspx">"Marauders at Midway"</a>. <i>AIR FORCE Magazine</i>. <b>69</b> (4)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIR+FORCE+Magazine&rft.atitle=Marauders+at+Midway&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Frisbee&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcemag.com%2FMagazineArchive%2FPages%2F1986%2FApril%25201986%2F0486valor.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutrell1953a" class="citation book cs1">Futrell, Frank (1953a). "Chapter 11: Men and Weapons". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/V/AAF-V-11.html"><i>Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. V The Pacific: MATTERHORN to Nagasaki July 1944 to August 1945</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+11%3A+Men+and+Weapons&rft.btitle=Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II%3A+Vol.+V+The+Pacific%3A+MATTERHORN+to+Nagasaki+July+1944+to+August+1945&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Futrell&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FV%2FAAF-V-11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutrell1953b" class="citation book cs1">Futrell, Frank (1953b). "Chapter 12: Leyte". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/V/AAF-V-12.html"><i>Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. V The Pacific: MATTERHORN to Nagasaki July 1944 to August 1945</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12%3A+Leyte&rft.btitle=Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II%3A+Vol.+V+The+Pacific%3A+MATTERHORN+to+Nagasaki+July+1944+to+August+1945&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Futrell&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FV%2FAAF-V-12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutrell1953c" class="citation book cs1">Futrell, Frank (1953c). "Chapter 14: Luzon". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/V/AAF-V-14.html"><i>Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. V The Pacific: MATTERHORN to Nagasaki July 1944 to August 1945</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+14%3A+Luzon&rft.btitle=Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II%3A+Vol.+V+The+Pacific%3A+MATTERHORN+to+Nagasaki+July+1944+to+August+1945&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Futrell&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FV%2FAAF-V-14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutrell1953d" class="citation book cs1">Futrell, Frank (1953d). "Chapter 18: Hollandia". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-18.html"><i>Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. IV The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan August 1942 to July 1944</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Air_Force_Base" title="Maxwell Air Force Base">Maxwell Air Force Base</a>: <a href="/wiki/Air_University_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air University (United States)">Air University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629070952/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-18.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+18%3A+Hollandia&rft.btitle=Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II%3A+Vol.+IV+The+Pacific%3A+Guadalcanal+to+Saipan+August+1942+to+July+1944&rft.place=Maxwell+Air+Force+Base&rft.pub=Air+University&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Futrell&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FIV%2FAAF-IV-18.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFutrell1953e" class="citation book cs1">Futrell, Frank (1953e). "Chapter 19: Final Victory in New Guinea". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-19.html"><i>Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. IV The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan August 1942 to July 1944</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629070813/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-19.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+Final+Victory+in+New+Guinea&rft.btitle=Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II%3A+Vol.+IV+The+Pacific%3A+Guadalcanal+to+Saipan+August+1942+to+July+1944&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Futrell&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FIV%2FAAF-IV-19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaugland1948" class="citation book cs1">Haugland, Vern (1948). <i>The AAF Against Japan</i>. New York: Harper and Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+AAF+Against+Japan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+and+Brothers&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Haugland&rft.aufirst=Vern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernan2005" class="citation book cs1">Kernan, Alvin (2005). <i>The Unknown Bombers of Midway: The Destruction of the American Torpedo Squadrons</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12264-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12264-0"><bdi>978-0-300-12264-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unknown+Bombers+of+Midway%3A+The+Destruction+of+the+American+Torpedo+Squadrons&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12264-0&rft.aulast=Kernan&rft.aufirst=Alvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarsen" class="citation web cs1">Larsen, Harold V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b26.com/page/70th_bombardment_squadron_history.htm">"Bombs Away! A History of the 70th Bombardment Squadron (M) in Early World War II"</a>. <i>B-26.COM</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B-26.COM&rft.atitle=Bombs+Away%21+A+History+of+the+70th+Bombardment+Squadron+%28M%29+in+Early+World+War+II&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Harold+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.b26.com%2Fpage%2F70th_bombardment_squadron_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurer1983" class="citation book cs1">Maurer, Maurer (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bobrowen.com/nymas/usaaf3.html"><i>Air Force Combat Units of World War II (Part 3)</i></a>. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89201-092-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89201-092-4"><bdi>0-89201-092-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Combat+Units+of+World+War+II+%28Part+3%29&rft.place=Maxwell+AFB%2C+Alabama&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-89201-092-4&rft.aulast=Maurer&rft.aufirst=Maurer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbobrowen.com%2Fnymas%2Fusaaf3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurer1969a" class="citation book cs1">Maurer, Maurer (1969a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/Portals/16/documents/Studies/51-100/AFD-090601-110.pdf"><i>Combat Squadrons of the Air Force – World War II (Part 1)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. USAF Historical Study. Vol. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combat+Squadrons+of+the+Air+Force+%E2%80%93+World+War+II+%28Part+1%29&rft.series=USAF+Historical+Study&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Maurer&rft.aufirst=Maurer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2FPortals%2F16%2Fdocuments%2FStudies%2F51-100%2FAFD-090601-110.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurer1969b" class="citation book cs1">Maurer, Maurer (1969b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afhra.af.mil/Portals/16/documents/Studies/51-100/AFD-090601-112.pdf"><i>Combat Squadrons of the Air Force – World War II (Part 2)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. USAF Historical Study. Vol. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combat+Squadrons+of+the+Air+Force+%E2%80%93+World+War+II+%28Part+2%29&rft.series=USAF+Historical+Study&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Maurer&rft.aufirst=Maurer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afhra.af.mil%2FPortals%2F16%2Fdocuments%2FStudies%2F51-100%2FAFD-090601-112.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAuliffe2005" class="citation book cs1">McAuliffe, Jerome J. (2005). <i>US Air Force in France 1950–1967</i>. San Diego, California: Milspec Press Chapter 13, Laon-Couvron Air Base. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9770371-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9770371-1-8"><bdi>0-9770371-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=US+Air+Force+in+France+1950%E2%80%931967&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+California&rft.pub=Milspec+Press+Chapter+13%2C+Laon-Couvron+Air+Base&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-9770371-1-8&rft.aulast=McAuliffe&rft.aufirst=Jerome+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortensen1953" class="citation book cs1">Mortensen, Bernhardt L. (1953). "Chapter 10: Rabaul and Cape Gloucester". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-10.html"><i>Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. IV The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan August 1942 to July 1944</i></a>. Maxwell Air Force Base: Air University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629070920/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-10.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+10%3A+Rabaul+and+Cape+Gloucester&rft.btitle=Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II%3A+Vol.+IV+The+Pacific%3A+Guadalcanal+to+Saipan+August+1942+to+July+1944&rft.place=Maxwell+Air+Force+Base&rft.pub=Air+University&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Mortensen&rft.aufirst=Bernhardt+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FIV%2FAAF-IV-10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/index.php/documents/history-of-the-38th-bg">"Official History of the 38th Bomb Group (M), January 1941 – March 1944"</a>. 38th Bomb Group Association. 1945<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+History+of+the+38th+Bomb+Group+%28M%29%2C+January+1941+%E2%80%93+March+1944&rft.pub=38th+Bomb+Group+Association&rft.date=1945&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunsetters38bg.com%2Findex.php%2Fdocuments%2Fhistory-of-the-38th-bg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohfleisch1953" class="citation book cs1">Rohfleisch, Kramer J. (1953). "Chapter 2: The Battle for Guadalcanal". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-2.html"><i>Army Air Forces in World War II: Vol. IV The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan August 1942 to July 1944</i></a>. Maxwell Air Force Base: Air University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629070451/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AAF/IV/AAF-IV-2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+The+Battle+for+Guadalcanal&rft.btitle=Army+Air+Forces+in+World+War+II%3A+Vol.+IV+The+Pacific%3A+Guadalcanal+to+Saipan+August+1942+to+July+1944&rft.place=Maxwell+Air+Force+Base&rft.pub=Air+University&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Rohfleisch&rft.aufirst=Kramer+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fhyperwar%2FAAF%2FIV%2FAAF-IV-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A38th+Bombardment+Group" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Websites</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.b26.com/page/pdf/69thbombardmentsquadron.pdf">History of the 69th Bomb Squadron</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=38th_Bombardment_Group&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunsetters38bg.com/">38th Bomb Group Association (WWII)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/army-aircrew-12-05-1942.htm">"United States Army Air Forces Crew 5 December 1942"</a> interment of 405th BS crew on 17 November 2009, at Arlington National Cemetery</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175858/http://www.b-57canberra.org/labs.htm">38th Bomb Wing Black Knights</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template talk:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Air_Force" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">Under Secretary of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Staff_(United_States)" title="Air Staff (United States)">Air Staff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Director of Staff of the United States Air Force">Director of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Master_Sergeant_of_the_Air_Force" title="Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force">Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Air Force four-star generals">Four-star generals</a></li> <li>Three-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Air_Force_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Air Force before 1960">1940–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Airland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/80px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/120px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Field_Operating_Agencies" title="List of United States Air Force Field Operating Agencies">Field Operating Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_installations" title="List of United States Air Force installations">Installations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct Reporting Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_District_of_Washington" title="Air Force District of Washington">District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">USAF Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of major commands of the United States Air Force">Major commands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">ACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">AETC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">AFGSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">AFMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Special_Operations_Command" title="Air Force Special Operations Command">AFSOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">AMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">PACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">USAFE–AFAFRICA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Numbered Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Expeditionary_Air_Force" title="Thirteenth Expeditionary Air Force">Thirteenth Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Air_Force" title="Eighteenth Air Force">Eighteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force" title="Nineteenth Air Force">Nineteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Second_Air_Force" title="Twenty-Second Air Force">Twenty-Second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of wings of the United States Air Force">Wings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Groups" title="List of United States Air Force Groups">Groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force squadrons">Squadrons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_National_Guard_Squadrons" title="List of United States Air National Guard Squadrons">ANG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force Security Forces squadrons">Security Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces#Civilian_auxiliaries_distinguished" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Civilian auxiliary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and<br /> training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_personnel" title="List of United States Air Force personnel">Personnel</a></li> <li>Rank <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Cadet_Insignia" title="United States Air Force Academy Cadet Insignia">cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">enlisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating" title="U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating">Aeronautical ratings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Engineer_Deployable_Heavy_Operational_Repair_Squadron_Engineers" title="Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers">RED HORSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Medical_Service" title="United States Air Force Medical Service">Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientist_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force">Chief Scientist</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Training: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">Officer Training School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">Reserve Officer Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman_Leadership_School" title="Airman Leadership School">Airman Leadership School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival,_Evasion,_Resistance_and_Escape" title="Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape">SERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Fitness_Assessment" title="United States Air Force Fitness Assessment">Fitness Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and<br /> equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Aircraft_inventory" title="United States Air Force">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and<br /> traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section</a> / <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Military_Aeronautics" title="Division of Military Aeronautics">Division of Military Aeronautics</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_U.S._Air_Force_(song)" title="The U.S. Air Force (song)">The U.S. Air Force</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Band" title="United States Air Force Band">Air Force Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">Airman's Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Core_missions" title="United States Air Force">Core Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Symbol" title="United States Air Force Symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Memorial" title="United States Air Force Memorial">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Airforce_Service_Pilots" title="Women Airforce Service Pilots">Women Airforce Service Pilots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> / <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Two" title="Air Force Two">Air Force Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Honor_Guard" title="United States Air Force Honor Guard">Honor Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Thunderbirds" title="United States Air Force Thunderbirds">Thunderbirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space_Forces_Association" title="Air & Space Forces Association">Air & Space Forces Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:United States Air Force">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_USAAF_Fifth_Air_Force_in_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAAF_5th_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Template:USAAF 5th Air Force World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAAF_5th_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Template talk:USAAF 5th Air Force World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF_5th_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF 5th Air Force World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_USAAF_Fifth_Air_Force_in_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/20px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/30px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg/40px-US_Army_Air_Corps_Hap_Arnold_Wings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Previously: Philippine Department Air Force (1941); Far East Air Force (1941-1942)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Airfields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Pacific" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Pacific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces_in_Australia" title="United States Army Air Forces in Australia">USAAF in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces_in_the_South_West_Pacific_Theatre" title="United States Army Air Forces in the South West Pacific Theatre">USAAF in the Southwest Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Air_Forces_in_Okinawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States Army Air Forces in Okinawa (page does not exist)">USAAF in Okinawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fifth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_(World_War_II).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fifth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/70px-Fifth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fifth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/105px-Fifth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Fifth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/140px-Fifth_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="726" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_Bomber_Command" title="V Bomber Command">V Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Fighter_Command" title="V Fighter Command">V Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Interceptor_Command" title="5th Interceptor Command">5th Interceptor (Provisional)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/54th_Tactical_Fighter_Wing" title="54th Tactical Fighter Wing">54th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Air_Division" title="85th Air Division">85th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Fighter_Wing_(Air_National_Guard)" title="86th Fighter Wing (Air National Guard)">86th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Air_Division" title="91st Air Division">91st Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/308th_Bombardment_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="308th Bombardment Wing (World War II)">308th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/309th_Air_Division" title="309th Air Division">309th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/310th_Air_Division" title="310th Air Division">310th Bombardment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Air Commando</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/353d_Special_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="353d Special Operations Group">3d Air Commando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="3d Operations Group">3d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Operations_Group" title="7th Operations Group">7th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Operations_Group" title="19th Operations Group">19th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="22d Operations Group">22d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Group" title="27th Special Operations Group">27th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">38th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="43d Operations Group">43d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Operations_Group" title="90th Operations Group">90th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/312th_Aeronautical_Systems_Group" title="312th Aeronautical Systems Group">312th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/345th_Bombardment_Wing" title="345th Bombardment Wing">345th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/380th_Expeditionary_Operations_Group" title="380th Expeditionary Operations Group">380th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/417th_Bombardment_Group" title="417th Bombardment Group">417th Bombardment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Combat Cargo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2d_Combat_Cargo_Group" title="2d Combat Cargo Group">2d Combat Cargo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Operations_Group" title="8th Operations Group">8th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24th_Pursuit_Group" title="24th Pursuit Group">24th Pursuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/35th_Operations_Group" title="35th Operations Group">35th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Operations_Group" title="49th Operations Group">49th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/58th_Operations_Group" title="58th Operations Group">58th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/348th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="348th Fighter Group">348th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Weapons_Evaluation_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Weapons Evaluation Group">475th Fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/6th_Air_Intelligence_Squadron" title="6th Air Intelligence Squadron">6th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/71st_Operations_Group" title="71st Operations Group">71st Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Troop Carrier</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/317th_Troop_Carrier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="317th Troop Carrier Group">317th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/374th_Operations_Group" title="374th Operations Group">374th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375th_Operations_Group" title="375th Operations Group">375th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/433d_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="433d Operations Group">433d Troop Carrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Squadrons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31st_Test_and_Evaluation_Squadron" title="31st Test and Evaluation Squadron">31st Bombardment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Night Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/418th_Tactical_Fighter_Training_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="418th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron">418th Night Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/421st_Fighter_Squadron" title="421st Fighter Squadron">421st Night Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/547th_Intelligence_Squadron" title="547th Intelligence Squadron">547th Intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2d_Air_Refueling_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="2d Air Refueling Squadron">2d Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Flying_Training_Squadron" title="8th Flying Training Squadron">8th Photographic Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/36th_Photographic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="36th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron">36th Photographic Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Troop Carrier</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Airlift_Squadron" title="21st Airlift Squadron">21st Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22d_Airlift_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="22d Airlift Squadron">22d Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Airlift_Squadron" title="65th Airlift Squadron">65th Troop Carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Troop_Carrier_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="66th Troop Carrier Squadron">66th Troop Carrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b>United States Army Air Forces</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Southern_Command" title="United States Air Forces Southern Command">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Air Force (World War II)">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Air Force">Thirteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Expeditionary_Mobility_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_United_States_Army_Air_Forces_Third_Air_Force_in_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAAF_3rd_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Template:USAAF 3rd Air Force World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAAF_3rd_Air_Force_World_War_II" title="Template talk:USAAF 3rd Air Force World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAAF_3rd_Air_Force_World_War_II" 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title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> <a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/II_Air_Support_Command" title="II Air Support Command">II Air Support Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Air_Support_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="III Air Support Command">III Air Support Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Bomber_Command" title="III Bomber Command">III Bomber Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Fighter_Command" title="III Fighter Command">III Fighter Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Reconnaissance_Command" title="III Reconnaissance Command">III Reconnaissance Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/III_Tactical_Air_Command" title="III Tactical Air Command">III Tactical Air Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IV_Air_Support_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="IV Air Support Command">III Tactical Air Division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Wings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/57th_Air_Division" title="57th Air Division">8th Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Fighter_Wing_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Fighter Wing (World War II)">9th Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Air_Division" title="40th Air Division">40th Bombardment Wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Air Commando</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/352nd_Special_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="352nd Special Operations Group">2nd Air Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/353rd_Special_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="353rd Special Operations Group">3rd Air Commando</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Bombardment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Operations_Group" title="3rd Operations Group">3rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_Operations_Group" title="12th Operations Group">12th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_Training_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="17th Training Group">17th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="21st Operations Group">21st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="29th Flying Training Wing">29th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30th_Operations_Group" title="30th Operations Group">30th Bombardment Group</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">38th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Operations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="44th Operations Group">44th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="46th Bombardment Group">46th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Operations_Group" title="47th Operations Group">47th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Group" title="85th Group">85th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/88th_Bombardment_Group" title="88th Bombardment Group">88th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/90th_Operations_Group" title="90th Operations Group">90th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/91st_Bomb_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="91st Bomb Group">91st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/92nd_Operations_Group" title="92nd Operations Group">92nd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Operations_Group" title="93rd Operations Group">93rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/94th_Operations_Group" title="94th Operations Group">94th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Air_Base_Wing" title="95th Air Base Wing">95th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/97th_Operations_Group" title="97th Operations Group">97th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/98th_Operations_Group" title="98th Operations Group">98th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99th_Air_Base_Wing" title="99th Air Base Wing">99th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="100th Air Refueling Wing">100th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/309th_Troop_Carrier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="309th Troop Carrier Group">309th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/310th_Space_Wing" title="310th Space Wing">310th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/312th_Aeronautical_Systems_Group" title="312th Aeronautical Systems Group">312th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/319th_Operations_Group" title="319th Operations Group">319th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/320th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="320th Air Expeditionary Wing">320th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/321st_Air_Expeditionary_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="321st Air Expeditionary Group">321st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/322d_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="322d Air Expeditionary Group">322d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/323d_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="323d Air Expeditionary Wing">323d Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/335th_Bombardment_Group" title="335th Bombardment Group">335th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/336th_Training_Group" title="336th Training Group">336th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/340th_Flying_Training_Group" title="340th Flying Training Group">340th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/344th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="344th Bombardment Group">344th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/345th_Bombardment_Wing" title="345th Bombardment Wing">345th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/386th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="386th Air Expeditionary Wing">386th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/387th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="387th Air Expeditionary Group">387th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/391st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="391st Bombardment Group">391st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/394th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="394th Bombardment Group">394th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/396th_Bombardment_Group" title="396th Bombardment Group">396th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/397th_Bombardment_Wing" title="397th Bombardment Wing">397th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/409th_Air_Expeditionary_Group" title="409th Air Expeditionary Group">409th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/410th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="410th Bombardment Group">410th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/411th_Bombardment_Group" title="411th Bombardment Group">411th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/416th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="416th Bombardment Group">416th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/417th_Bombardment_Group" title="417th Bombardment Group">417th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/418th_Bombardment_Group" title="418th Bombardment Group">418th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/451st_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="451st Bombardment Group">451st Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/454th_Bombardment_Wing" title="454th Bombardment Wing">454th Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/463d_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="463d Bombardment Group">463rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/483d_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="483d Bombardment Group">483rd Bombardment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/488th_Bombardment_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="488th Bombardment Group">488th Bombardment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Fighter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20th_Operations_Group" title="20th Operations Group">20th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/31st_Operations_Group" title="31st Operations Group">31st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Operations_Group" title="49th Operations Group">49th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Operations_Group" title="50th Operations Group">50th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Wing" title="53rd Wing">53rd Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Fighter-Interceptor_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="54th Fighter-Interceptor Group">54th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Operations_Group" title="56th Operations Group">56th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Medical_Wing" title="59th Medical Wing">59th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="79th Fighter Group">79th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/80th_Flying_Training_Wing" title="80th Flying Training Wing">80th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Fighter-Bomber_Group" title="81st Fighter-Bomber Group">81st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/84th_Combat_Sustainment_Group" title="84th Combat Sustainment Group">84th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="85th Fighter Group">85th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/311th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="311th Fighter Group">311th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/332nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="332nd Fighter Group">332nd Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/337th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="337th Fighter Group">337th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/338th_Bombardment_Group" title="338th Bombardment Group">338th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/339th_Fighter_Group" title="339th Fighter Group">339th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/361st_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="361st Fighter Group">361st Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/369th_Fighter_Group" title="369th Fighter Group">369th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/372nd_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="372nd Fighter Group">372nd Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/404th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="404th Fighter Group">404th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/405th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="405th Fighter Group">405th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/408th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="408th Fighter Group">408th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/414th_Fighter_Group" title="414th Fighter Group">414th Fighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/506th_Fighter_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="506th Fighter Group">506th Fighter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Fighter-Bomber</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27th_Special_Operations_Group" title="27th Special Operations Group">27th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Operations_Group" title="48th Operations Group">48th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Operations_Group" title="86th Operations Group">86th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406th_Fighter-Bomber_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="406th Fighter-Bomber Group">406th Fighter-Bomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/407th_Fighter-Bomber_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="407th Fighter-Bomber Group">407th Fighter-Bomber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2d_Photographic_Reconnaissance_Group" title="2d Photographic Reconnaissance Group">2d Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Operations_Group" title="9th Operations Group">9th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Group" title="10th Tactical Reconnaissance Group">10th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">26th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65th_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="65th Air Base Wing">65th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/67th_Network_Warfare_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="67th Network Warfare Group">67th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53d_Electronic_Warfare_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="53d Electronic Warfare Group">68th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/69th_Reconnaissance_Group" title="69th Reconnaissance Group">69th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/70th_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">70th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75th_Air_Base_Wing" title="75th Air Base Wing">75th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/77th_Aeronautical_Systems_Wing" title="77th Aeronautical Systems Wing">77th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/432nd_Wing" title="432nd Wing">423d Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/424th_Reconnaissance_Group" title="424th Reconnaissance Group">424th Reconnaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/426th_Reconnaissance_Group" title="426th Reconnaissance Group">426th Reconnaissance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_(World_War_II).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/80px-Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/120px-Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg/160px-Third_Air_Force_-_Emblem_%28World_War_II%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b>United States Army Air Forces</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_Southern_Command" title="United States Air Forces Southern Command">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninth Air Force (World War II)">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirteenth Air Force">Thirteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Air_Force" title="Fourteenth Air Force">Fourteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_Expeditionary_Mobility_Task_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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