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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":82652835,"created_at":"2022-07-05T09:57:55.767-07:00","from_world_paper_id":209891880,"updated_at":"2025-02-01T12:59:44.609-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"IEEE","ai_title_tag":"Agarwood Vapour Analysis via SPME and GC-MS","grobid_abstract":"Due to its popularity and high market demand, critical analysis on agarwood vapour chemical compounds may provide an alternative quality discrimination of agarwood oil. The proposed work involves the extraction of high quality agarwood using headspace volatile divinylbenzene-carboxenpolydimethysiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) solid phase microextraction (SPME) with different sampling time at 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Then, Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) is performed to identify the chemical compounds. Generally, agarwood vapour is rich in terpene group especially monoterpene, sesquiterpene and oxygenated sesquiterpene. Analysis showed that at least 52, 50 and 54 compounds are extracted at 15, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Among all, duration of 60 minutes produced the highest abundance (%) for caryophellene oxide. The finding proves that caryophellene oxide as one of the important compounds in high agarwood and different sampling time plays a major role that effects the extraction. Thus, the analysis in this study is significant and brings benefit especially to the agarwood and its essential oil research area.","publication_date":"2016,,","publication_name":"2016 7th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC)","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"88289196"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Analysis on agarwood vapour using headspace volatile DVB-CAR-PDMS SPME with different sampling time","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [44246]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":88289196,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Analysis on agarwood vapour using headspace volatile DVB-CAR-PDMS SPME with different sampling time”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/88289196/mini_magick20220705-1638-3tlkq.png?1657050436" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Analysis on agarwood vapour using headspace volatile DVB-CAR-PDMS SPME with different sampling time</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44246" href="https://ump.academia.edu/SaifulNizamTajuddin"><img alt="Profile image of Saiful Nizam Tajuddin" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/44246/3263179/3839907/s65_saiful_nizam.tajuddin.jpg" />Saiful Nizam Tajuddin</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2016, 2016 7th IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium (ICSGRC)</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 page</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 82652835; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Due to its popularity and high market demand, critical analysis on agarwood vapour chemical compounds may provide an alternative quality discrimination of agarwood oil. The proposed work involves the extraction of high quality agarwood using headspace volatile divinylbenzene-carboxenpolydimethysiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) solid phase microextraction (SPME) with different sampling time at 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Then, Gas chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) is performed to identify the chemical compounds. Generally, agarwood vapour is rich in terpene group especially monoterpene, sesquiterpene and oxygenated sesquiterpene. Analysis showed that at least 52, 50 and 54 compounds are extracted at 15, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. Among all, duration of 60 minutes produced the highest abundance (%) for caryophellene oxide. The finding proves that caryophellene oxide as one of the important compounds in high agarwood and different sampling time plays a major role that effects the extraction. Thus, the analysis in this study is significant and brings benefit especially to the agarwood and its essential oil research area.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":88289196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/82652835/Analysis_on_agarwood_vapour_using_headspace_volatile_DVB_CAR_PDMS_SPME_with_different_sampling_time"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":88289196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/82652835/Analysis_on_agarwood_vapour_using_headspace_volatile_DVB_CAR_PDMS_SPME_with_different_sampling_time"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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The oil is extracted from the fragrant resin found in the agarwood tree (trunk). The unique aroma and quality of agarwood resin and oil are contributed by the presence of certain chemical compounds. In this work, analysis and comparison of the chemical compounds of agarwood oil from A. malaccensis, A. sub-integra and a mixture of both were conducted. The essential oils were diluted in hexane (5%) prior to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis performed using Agilent GCMS 7890A coupled with MSD quadrupole detector 5975 C. Separation of analytes by gas chromatography was carried out using a Hewlett Packard HP-5MS silica capillary column (30 m X 0.25 mm X 0.25 mm). A total of 107 compounds were identified from the three samples of agarwood oils. Fifty-five (55) components were identified in A. malaccensis sample which contributes to the largest portion of the total compounds. About 20% of the compounds identified were aromatic and sesquiterpenes, which have been revealed to be the main active compounds of agarwood oils which also give the aroma and pleasant odour of agarwood. Different compositions or profile of chemical components were found in agarwood oils from the two different species. Two compounds were commonly identified in all three samples, namely 3-phenyl-2-butanone and alpha-cubebene. Further studies are needed to refine the results which later can be used to assist detection and authentication of agarwood as well as its scientific-based grading.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of Chemical Compounds of Agarwood Oil from Different Species by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS)","attachmentId":116845138,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/122116776/Analysis_of_Chemical_Compounds_of_Agarwood_Oil_from_Different_Species_by_Gas_Chromatography_Mass_Spectrometry_GCMS_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/122116776/Analysis_of_Chemical_Compounds_of_Agarwood_Oil_from_Different_Species_by_Gas_Chromatography_Mass_Spectrometry_GCMS_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="95793751" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95793751/Determination_of_Agarwood_volatile_compounds_from_selected_Aquilaria_species_plantation_extracted_by_Headspace_Solid_Phase_Microextraction_HS_SPME_method">Determination of Agarwood volatile compounds from selected Aquilaria species plantation extracted by Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) method</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="155401094" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MajidJalil1">Majid Jalil</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A collection of inoculated heartwood of three Aquilaria species namely A. crassna, A. sinensis and A. subintegra were investigated for their volatile compounds. The volatile compounds were extracted using automated Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) with fibre coating of 50/30 μm divinyl benzene/carboxen/poly-dimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS). The absence of proper scientific method in forming the agarwood has resulted in variations in agarwood quality and inconsistent grades in the market. Thus there is a need to quantify the amount of major volatile compounds found in the agarwood so that the quality can be scientifically verified. In this study, the commonly known volatile compounds present in agarwood sample were found but with varying amounts. At least three important compounds were obtained i.e. β-agarofuran, α-eudesmol and agarospirol. Based on the presence of these main volatile compounds, the study suggests that extraction by HS-SPME also useful instead of distillation process. The ability to identify key components in a short time can facilitate and shorten the analysis time. It further helps in developing the quality of agarwood industry standards.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Determination of Agarwood volatile compounds from selected Aquilaria species plantation extracted by Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) method","attachmentId":97876626,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95793751/Determination_of_Agarwood_volatile_compounds_from_selected_Aquilaria_species_plantation_extracted_by_Headspace_Solid_Phase_Microextraction_HS_SPME_method","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95793751/Determination_of_Agarwood_volatile_compounds_from_selected_Aquilaria_species_plantation_extracted_by_Headspace_Solid_Phase_Microextraction_HS_SPME_method"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="82652851" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82652851/Production_of_Agarwood_Essential_Oil_Study_on_Effectiveness_Pre_Treatment_Technique_of_Hydrodistillation_Extraction">Production of Agarwood Essential Oil: Study on Effectiveness Pre-Treatment Technique of Hydrodistillation Extraction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44246" href="https://ump.academia.edu/SaifulNizamTajuddin">Saiful Nizam Tajuddin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 1970</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">There are many uses of agarwood trees in a number of countries around the world. However, lack in extractionprocess efficiency was affected to the lower product quality and oil yield. Therefore, this research was aimed toinvestigate the effect of pre-treatment techniques of soaking with water and soaking with three fungi onagarwood oil yield. The oils produced were compared with industrial samples. Analysis of chemical compoundsis done by using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-MassSpectrometry (GC-MS). As a result, the sample treated with fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium achieved thehighest average oil yields of 0.58% with content of 80.13% of total chemical compounds compared to sampletreated with water only consist of 0.27% oil yield and 72.58% of total chemical compounds was detected. Thesample soak with fungi is more advantageous than soak with water in terms of oil productivity, energy savingand efficiency process. The main component...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Production of Agarwood Essential Oil: Study on Effectiveness Pre-Treatment Technique of Hydrodistillation Extraction","attachmentId":88288865,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82652851/Production_of_Agarwood_Essential_Oil_Study_on_Effectiveness_Pre_Treatment_Technique_of_Hydrodistillation_Extraction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82652851/Production_of_Agarwood_Essential_Oil_Study_on_Effectiveness_Pre_Treatment_Technique_of_Hydrodistillation_Extraction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="82652795" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82652795/Analysis_of_High_Quality_Agar_wood_Oil_Chemical_Compounds_By_Means_Of_SPME_GC_MS_and_Z_Score_Technique">Analysis of High Quality Agar wood Oil Chemical Compounds By Means Of SPME/GC-MS and Z-Score Technique</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44246" href="https://ump.academia.edu/SaifulNizamTajuddin">Saiful Nizam Tajuddin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Currently, the grading of the agarwood oil to the high and low quality is done using manually such as human trained grader. It was performed based on the agarwood oil physical properties such as human experience and perception and the oil colour, odor and long lasting aroma. Several researchers found that chemical profiles of the oil should be utilized to overcome the problem facing by manual techniques i.e. human nose cannot tolerate with the many oils at the same time, so that accurate result can be obtained in grading the agarwood oil. The analysis involved of SPME/GC-MS and Z-score techniques have been proposed in this study to analyze the chemical compounds especially from the high quality samples of agarwood oil (Aquilariamalaccensis) from Malaysia. Two SPME fibers were used such as divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in extracting the oils' compound under three different sampling temperature conditions such as 40˚C, 60˚C and 80˚C. The chemical compounds extracted by SPME/GC-MS were analyzed. The chemical compounds as identified by Z-score as significant compounds were discussed before the conclusion is made. It was found that 10-epi-ϒeudesmol, aromadendrane, β-agarofuran, α-agarofuran and ϒ-eudesmol were highlighted as significant for high quality agarwood oil and can be used as a marker compounds in classifying the agarwood oil.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis of High Quality Agar wood Oil Chemical Compounds By Means Of SPME/GC-MS and Z-Score Technique","attachmentId":88289226,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82652795/Analysis_of_High_Quality_Agar_wood_Oil_Chemical_Compounds_By_Means_Of_SPME_GC_MS_and_Z_Score_Technique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82652795/Analysis_of_High_Quality_Agar_wood_Oil_Chemical_Compounds_By_Means_Of_SPME_GC_MS_and_Z_Score_Technique"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="12898854" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12898854/HYDRO_DISTILLATION_PROCESS_IN_EXTRACTING_OF_AGARWOOD_ESSENTIAL_OIL">HYDRO-DISTILLATION PROCESS IN EXTRACTING OF AGARWOOD ESSENTIAL OIL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="995858" href="https://pkb.academia.edu/ZamriYusoff">Zamri Yusoff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Agarwood oil is regarded as one of the most expensive natural products in the world due to the fragrance inducing compounds it contains. However, current studies on the chemical composition of agarwood essential oil are woefully lacking and this poses a threat to the agarwood industry. This research aims to identify the best extraction method for isolating gaharu essential oil and to create a list of compounds contained in a sample of grade C agarwood. In the present work, the composition of agarwood essential oil obtained through hydro-distillation and solvent extraction with acetone. Studying another parameter of this experiment, the sample hydro-distillated in the lab was compared with industrial grade hydro-distillation to determine the difference in quality between industrial and lab scale hydro-distillation. Of the three solvents used, acetone eluted the highest number of compounds. The lab scale hydro-distillated sample eluted 34 compounds at a quality of 50% and above whereas the solvent extraction sample eluted 25 compounds. There was no significant difference found between lab scale and industrial scale hydro-distillation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"HYDRO-DISTILLATION PROCESS IN EXTRACTING OF AGARWOOD ESSENTIAL OIL","attachmentId":37872434,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12898854/HYDRO_DISTILLATION_PROCESS_IN_EXTRACTING_OF_AGARWOOD_ESSENTIAL_OIL","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12898854/HYDRO_DISTILLATION_PROCESS_IN_EXTRACTING_OF_AGARWOOD_ESSENTIAL_OIL"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="104674573" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104674573/Determination_of_Substantial_Chemical_Compounds_of_Agarwood_Oil_for_Quality_Grading">Determination of Substantial Chemical Compounds of Agarwood Oil for Quality Grading</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="242484947" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HaronHushnie">Hushnie Haron</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Electrical &amp; Electronic Systems Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Agarwood is a resin saturated heartwood producing its ownessential oil. This oil comprises of a complex mixture of chromone derivatives, oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. This mixture has a heavy woody scentand is one of the contributors to the Agarwood oil quality. In this paper, a study that focuses on the approach to select the substantial chemical compounds for Agarwood quality grading was carried out. GC-MS analysis was used to extract the chemical compounds from the Agarwood oil. The data were then preprocessed using techniques such as missing values ratio, natural logarithm and min. max. normalization. Next, synthetic data were generated using MUNGE to fulfil the passing condition of sampling adequacy test. To determine the substantial compounds, PCA and Pearson's correlation were used. This approach was successful in determining three substantial compounds namely β-agarofuran, αagarofuran and 10-epi-γ-eudesmol. These substantial chemical compounds will be used later to predict the quality of Agarwood oil.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Determination of Substantial Chemical Compounds of Agarwood Oil for Quality Grading","attachmentId":104340140,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104674573/Determination_of_Substantial_Chemical_Compounds_of_Agarwood_Oil_for_Quality_Grading","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104674573/Determination_of_Substantial_Chemical_Compounds_of_Agarwood_Oil_for_Quality_Grading"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="119932505" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/119932505/Identification_of_Odor_Components_of_Agarwood">Identification of Odor Components of Agarwood</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1068986" href="https://uitmshahalam.academia.edu/SahrimLias">Sahrim Lias</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jurnal Teknologi, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article presents the use of Z-score in assessing the significant chemical compounds extracted by head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of an agarwood oil obtained from Melaka, Malaysia. Two types of SPME fiber; polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) were used. During the extraction analysis, the results showed that at least 27 and 29 compounds were identified using PDMS and DVB-CAR-PDMS fiber, respectively. DVB-CAR-PDMS fiber was found to be more efficient in terms of selectivity of compounds extraction. The application of Z-score showed that eight and eleven marker compounds were determined in PDMS and DVB-CAR-PDMS fibers, respectively. 4-Phenyl-2-butanone, a-guaiene, β-agarofuran, a-bulnesene, a-agarofuran and 10-epi-g-eudesmol were some of the compounds selected and were often reported significantly in agarwood oils as key odor compounds. The informatio...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identification of Odor Components of Agarwood","attachmentId":115234722,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/119932505/Identification_of_Odor_Components_of_Agarwood","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/119932505/Identification_of_Odor_Components_of_Agarwood"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="82652879" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82652879/Agarwood_Essential_Oil_Study_on_Optimum_Parameter_and_Chemical_Compounds_of_Hydrodistillation_Extraction">Agarwood Essential Oil: Study on Optimum Parameter and Chemical Compounds of Hydrodistillation Extraction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44246" href="https://ump.academia.edu/SaifulNizamTajuddin">Saiful Nizam Tajuddin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A B S T R A C T Agarwood tree is one of source resin production and known as fragrant wood that have a highly valuable product in the global market. However, the process of hydrodistillation efficiency is far from sufficient and affecting to the lower product quality and oil yield. The aims of this research are to identify the effective extraction method conducted by standard hydrodistillation and re-design hydrodistillation. In order to increase the oil production, we optimize the extraction processing parameters tested by various particle sizes (0.5cm, 0.75cm, 1.0cm) and shaking time (1,3, 7 days). The results indicate that the high oil yield obtained by the oil extracted with sample size of 0.5cm (0.44%) and shake for 7 days (0.34%). Agarwood oil extracted using re- design hydrodistillation coupled with stirrer was achieving the maximum oil yield of 0.78% compared to standard hydrodistillation only 0.68%. Analysis of chemical compounds showed that 4-phenyl 2-butanone, α-muurolene...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Agarwood Essential Oil: Study on Optimum Parameter and Chemical Compounds of Hydrodistillation Extraction","attachmentId":88288888,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82652879/Agarwood_Essential_Oil_Study_on_Optimum_Parameter_and_Chemical_Compounds_of_Hydrodistillation_Extraction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82652879/Agarwood_Essential_Oil_Study_on_Optimum_Parameter_and_Chemical_Compounds_of_Hydrodistillation_Extraction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="62766894" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62766894/Gas_Chromatography_Analysis_of_Artificially_Inoculated_Agarwood_Compounds_Related_to_High_Quality_Agarwood_from_Malaysia_Plantation">Gas Chromatography Analysis of Artificially Inoculated Agarwood Compounds Related to High Quality Agarwood from Malaysia Plantation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="72674338" href="https://independent.academia.edu/rofizamansor">rofiza mansor</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of this study is to determine the quality of artificially inoculated agarwood from Aquilaria malaccensis trees obtained from a plantation in East Malaysia using gas chromatography (GC). The agarwood quality was measured by existence and amount of aromatic and terpene compounds especially those which were recorded in high-quality agarwood such as α-guaiene, β-selinene, aromadendrene and agarospirol. For quality determination purpose of artificially inoculated agarwood, samples were collected from selected plantation area. Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) method was performed to collect the volatile compounds released by wood sample. There were five commercial inoculants (Ino A, B, C, D and E) that had been used for inoculation of A. malaccensis in agarwood plantation. GC analysis revealed the presence of important compounds related to high-quality agarwood such as 4-phenyl-2-butanone, β-selinene, α-bulnesene, and agarospirol in agarwood sample produced from artificial inoc...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Gas Chromatography Analysis of Artificially Inoculated Agarwood Compounds Related to High Quality Agarwood from Malaysia Plantation","attachmentId":75431984,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62766894/Gas_Chromatography_Analysis_of_Artificially_Inoculated_Agarwood_Compounds_Related_to_High_Quality_Agarwood_from_Malaysia_Plantation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62766894/Gas_Chromatography_Analysis_of_Artificially_Inoculated_Agarwood_Compounds_Related_to_High_Quality_Agarwood_from_Malaysia_Plantation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="50681996" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50681996/Automation_of_Solid_Phase_Microextraction_Gas_Chromatography_Mass_Spectrometry_Extraction_of_Eucalyptus_Volatiles">Automation of Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Extraction of Eucalyptus Volatiles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41128316" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Cl%C3%A1udiaZini">Cláudia Zini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC)-ion-trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) is employed to analyze fragrance compounds from different species of eucalyptus trees: Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus grandis, and hybrids of other species. The analyses are performed using an automated system for preincubation, extraction, injection, and analysis of samples. The autosampler used is a CombiPAL and has much flexibility for the development of SPME methods and accommodates a variety of vial sizes. For automated fragrance analysis the 10-and 20-mL vials are the most appropriate. The chromatographic separation and identification of the analytes are performed with a Varian Saturn 4D GC-ITMS using an HP-5MS capillary column. Several compounds of eucalyptus volatiles are identified, with good reproducibility for both the peak areas and retention times. Equilibrium extraction provides maximal sensitivity but requires additional consideration for the effect of carryover. Preequilibrium extraction allows good sensitivity with minimal carryover.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Automation of Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Extraction of Eucalyptus Volatiles","attachmentId":68569783,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50681996/Automation_of_Solid_Phase_Microextraction_Gas_Chromatography_Mass_Spectrometry_Extraction_of_Eucalyptus_Volatiles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50681996/Automation_of_Solid_Phase_Microextraction_Gas_Chromatography_Mass_Spectrometry_Extraction_of_Eucalyptus_Volatiles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88289196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":88289196,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_88289196" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="51606004" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51606004/Multidimensional_gas_chromatography_coupled_with_infrared_and_mass_spectrometry_for_analysis_of_eucalyptus_essential_oils">Multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with infrared and mass spectrometry for analysis of eucalyptus essential oils</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64764881" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilkinsCharles">Charles Wilkins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Analytical Chemistry, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with infrared and mass spectrometry for analysis of eucalyptus essential oils","attachmentId":69257440,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51606004/Multidimensional_gas_chromatography_coupled_with_infrared_and_mass_spectrometry_for_analysis_of_eucalyptus_essential_oils","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51606004/Multidimensional_gas_chromatography_coupled_with_infrared_and_mass_spectrometry_for_analysis_of_eucalyptus_essential_oils"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="103230230" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/103230230/Cinnamon_Bark_Volatile_Oils_Separation_and_Determination_Using_Solid_Phase_Extraction_and_Gas_Chromatography">Cinnamon Bark Volatile Oils Separation and Determination Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="251575882" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohammadEikani">Mohammad Eikani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Procedia Engineering, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cinnamon Bark Volatile Oils Separation and Determination Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography","attachmentId":103292294,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/103230230/Cinnamon_Bark_Volatile_Oils_Separation_and_Determination_Using_Solid_Phase_Extraction_and_Gas_Chromatography","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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