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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Rane_godine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rane_godine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Rane godine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rane_godine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mečevi_s_Karpovom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mečevi_s_Karpovom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mečevi s Karpovom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mečevi_s_Karpovom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Mečevi s Karpovom</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mečevi_s_Karpovom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prvi_meč:_48_partija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prvi_meč:_48_partija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prvi meč: 48 partija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prvi_meč:_48_partija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugi_meč:_Kasparov_prvak_svijeta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugi_meč:_Kasparov_prvak_svijeta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Drugi meč: Kasparov prvak svijeta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugi_meč:_Kasparov_prvak_svijeta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slijedeća_tri_meča" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slijedeća_tri_meča"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Slijedeća tri meča</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slijedeća_tri_meča-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Politika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Vatreni_zagovornik_demokratije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vatreni_zagovornik_demokratije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Vatreni zagovornik demokratije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vatreni_zagovornik_demokratije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prijatelj_Hrvatske" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prijatelj_Hrvatske"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Prijatelj Hrvatske</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prijatelj_Hrvatske-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raskol_u_svjetskom_šahu_1993." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raskol_u_svjetskom_šahu_1993."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Raskol u svjetskom šahu 1993.</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Raskol_u_svjetskom_šahu_1993.-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Raskol u svjetskom šahu 1993.</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Raskol_u_svjetskom_šahu_1993.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Meč_Kasparov-Short" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meč_Kasparov-Short"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Meč Kasparov-Short</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meč_Kasparov-Short-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meč_Kasparov-Anand_1995." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meč_Kasparov-Anand_1995."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Meč Kasparov-Anand 1995.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meč_Kasparov-Anand_1995.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Haos_i_samovolja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haos_i_samovolja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Haos i samovolja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haos_i_samovolja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gubitak_titule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gubitak_titule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Gubitak titule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gubitak_titule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mečevi_protiv_računara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mečevi_protiv_računara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mečevi protiv računara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mečevi_protiv_računara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kraj_karijere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kraj_karijere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kraj karijere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kraj_karijere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historijska_ocjena" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historijska_ocjena"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Historijska ocjena</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historijska_ocjena-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gari Kasparov</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 91 jeziku" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 jezik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparof" title="Garri Kasparof – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Garri Kasparof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="غاري كاسباروف – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غاري كاسباروف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="جارى كاسباروف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جارى كاسباروف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasp%C3%A1rov" title="Garri Kaspárov – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Garri Kaspárov" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri_Kasparov" title="Harri Kasparov – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Harri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Каспаров Гарри Кимович – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Каспаров Гарри Кимович" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Гары Кімавіч Каспараў – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гары Кімавіч Каспараў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Гары Каспараў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гары Каспараў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Гари Каспаров – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гари Каспаров" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD" title="গ্যারি কাসপারভ – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যারি কাসপারভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasp%C3%A0rov" title="Garri Kaspàrov – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Garri Kaspàrov" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kimowitsch_Kasparow" title="Garri Kimowitsch Kasparow – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Garri Kimowitsch Kasparow" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86" title="Γκάρι Κασπάροφ – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκάρι Κασπάροφ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasp%C3%A1rov" title="Garri Kaspárov – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Garri Kaspárov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gari_Kasparov" title="Gari Kasparov – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gari Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" title="گری کاسپارف – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گری کاسپارف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="גארי קספרוב – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גארי קספרוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5" title="गैरी कास्परोव – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैरी कास्परोव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gari_Kasparov" title="Gari Kasparov – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gari Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kimovics_Kaszparov" title="Garri Kimovics Kaszparov – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Garri Kimovics Kaszparov" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Գարրի Կասպարով – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գարրի Կասպարով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kimovich_Kasparov" title="Garri Kimovich Kasparov – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Garri Kimovich Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garr%C3%AD_Kasparov" title="Garrí Kasparov – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Garrí Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95" title="ガルリ・カスパロフ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガルリ・カスパロフ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="გარი კასპაროვი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გარი კასპაროვი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Гарри Кимович Каспаров – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гарри Кимович Каспаров" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC_%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8C%8C%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%84" title="가리 카스파로프 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가리 카스파로프" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kimowitsch_Kasparow" title="Garri Kimowitsch Kasparow – luksemburški" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Garri Kimowitsch Kasparow" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kimovi%C4%8D_Kasparov" title="Garri Kimovič Kasparov – lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Garri Kimovič Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_Kasparovas" title="Garis Kasparovas – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Garis Kasparovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garijs_Kasparovs" title="Garijs Kasparovs – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Garijs Kasparovs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Гари Каспаров – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гари Каспаров" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗാരി കാസ്പറോവ് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാരി കാസ്പറോവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Гарри Каспаров – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гарри Каспаров" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9" title="गॅरी कास्पारोव्ह – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गॅरी कास्पारोव्ह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81" title="گری کاسپارف – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گری کاسپارف" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – napolitanski" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasp%C3%A0rov" title="Garri Kaspàrov – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Garri Kaspàrov" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B5" title="ਗੈਰੀ ਕੀਮੋਵਿਚ ਕਾਸਪਰੋਵ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੈਰੀ ਕੀਮੋਵਿਚ ਕਾਸਪਰੋਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparow" title="Garri Kasparow – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Garri Kasparow" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="گیری کیسپاروف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیری کیسپاروف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="ګاري کاسپاروف – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګاري کاسپاروف" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – kečua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gari_Kasparov" title="Gari Kasparov – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gari Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Каспаров, Гарри Кимович – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каспаров, Гарри Кимович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gari_Kasparov" title="Gari Kasparov – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gari Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kimovi%C4%8D_Kasparov" title="Garri Kimovič Kasparov – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Garri Kimovič Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gari_Kasparov" title="Gari Kasparov – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gari Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geri_Kasparov" title="Geri Kasparov – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Geri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Гари Каспаров – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гари Каспаров" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="காரி காஸ்பரொவ் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காரி காஸ்பரொவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="แกรี คาสปารอฟ – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แกรี คาสปารอฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparow" title="Garri Kasparow – turkmenski" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Garri Kasparow" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harri_Kasparov" title="Harri Kasparov – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Harri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Гарри Каспаров – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гарри Каспаров" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Каспаров Гаррі Кімович – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каспаров Гаррі Кімович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81" title="گاری کاسپاروف – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گاری کاسپاروف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garri_Kasparov" title="Garri Kasparov – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Garri Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kimovich_Kasparov" title="Garry Kimovich Kasparov – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Garry Kimovich Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" title="Garry Kasparov – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Garry Kasparov" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%8E%AB%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E7%BD%97%E5%A4%AB" title="加里·基莫维奇·卡斯帕罗夫 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加里·基莫维奇·卡斯帕罗夫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB" title="加里·卡斯帕羅夫 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加里·卡斯帕羅夫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="卡斯帕洛夫 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡斯帕洛夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28614#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gari_Kasparov" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Gari_Kasparov" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Promijeni varijantu jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">bosanski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pregledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gari_Kasparov"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=history" title="Prethodne izmjene ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alati" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alati</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Alati</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Radnje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gari_Kasparov"><span>Čitaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi izvor</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=history"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Općenito </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:%C5%A0ta_vodi_ovamo/Gari_Kasparov" title="Spisak svih članaka koji su povezani s ovim [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Srodne_izmjene/Gari_Kasparov" rel="nofollow" title="Nedavne izmjene na stranicama koje su povezane sa ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Srodne izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upload" title="Postavi slike i druge medije [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Postavi datoteku</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Spisak svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&oldid=3473991" title="Trajni link ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajni link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=info" title="Više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Informacije o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Gari_Kasparov&id=3473991&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije kako citirati ovu stranicu"><span>Citiraj ovu stranicu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Skra%C4%87iva%C4%8D_adresa&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGari_Kasparov"><span>Skraćeni link</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGari_Kasparov"><span>Preuzmi QR kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Štampanje / izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Kolekcija&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gari+Kasparov"><span>Napravi knjigu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gari_Kasparov&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&printable=yes" title="Verzija ove stranice za štampanje [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Za štampanje</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28614" title="Link na povezane podatke spremišnih stavki [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Stavka na Wikipodacima</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garry_Kasparov&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Ovaj članak ili neki od njegovih odlomaka nije dovoljno potkrijepljen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Provjerljivost" title="Wikipedia:Provjerljivost">izvorima</a></b> (literatura, veb-sajtovi ili drugi izvori).<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ako se pravilno ne potkrijepe <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pouzdani_izvori" title="Wikipedia:Pouzdani izvori">pouzdanim</a> izvorima, sporne rečenice i navodi mogli bi biti izbrisani. Pomozite Wikipediji tako što ćete navesti validne izvore putem <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citiranje_izvora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Citiranje izvora">referenci</a> te nakon toga možete ukloniti ovaj šablon.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3638947">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:23em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Gari Kasparov</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Garri_kasparow_20070318.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Garri_kasparow_20070318.jpg/220px-Garri_kasparow_20070318.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Garri_kasparow_20070318.jpg/330px-Garri_kasparow_20070318.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Garri_kasparow_20070318.jpg/440px-Garri_kasparow_20070318.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="999" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Puno ime</th><td class="infobox-data">Gari Kimovič Kasparov</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rođenje</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1963-04-13</span>) </span>13. april 1963<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (61 godina)</span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbejd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbejdžan">Azerbejdžan</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSSR" class="mw-redirect" title="SSSR">SSSR</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titula</th><td class="infobox-data">šahovski velemajstor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Svjetski šampion</th><td class="infobox-data">1985–1993, 1993–2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trenutni ELO rejting</th><td class="infobox-data">2812 [neaktivan]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Najveći ELO rejting</th><td class="infobox-data">2851 (juli 1999, januar 2000)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gari Kimovič Kasparov</b> (<a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbejd%C5%BEan" title="Azerbejdžan">Azerbejdžan</a>, <a href="/wiki/13._april" title="13. april">13. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1963" class="mw-redirect" title="1963">1963</a>), svjetski šahovski prvak <a href="/wiki/1985" class="mw-redirect" title="1985">1985</a>. - <a href="/wiki/2000" class="mw-redirect" title="2000">2000</a>. </p><p>Na svjetskoj rating listi došao je na prvo mjesto (ispred tadašnjeg svjetskog prvaka <a href="/wiki/Anatolij_Karpov" title="Anatolij Karpov">Anatolija Karpova</a>) 1983. i do januara <a href="/wiki/2006" class="mw-redirect" title="2006">2006</a>. bio je neprekidno prvi. Značajan i po svom političkom djelovanju u korist reformi i demokratije u SSSR-u odnosno <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiji</a> od druge polovine <a href="/wiki/1980te" class="mw-redirect" title="1980te">1980ih</a>. Zvanično je <a href="/wiki/27._februar" title="27. februar">27. februara</a> <a href="/wiki/2014" class="mw-redirect" title="2014">2014</a>. postao <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska">hrvatski</a> državljanin.<sup id="cite_ref-danas_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rane_godine">Rane godine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Rane godine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Rane godine"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gari Kasparov rođen je kao Hari Vajnštajn. Otac mu je bio <a href="/wiki/Jevreji" title="Jevreji">Jevrej</a>, a majka Armenka, djevojačkog prezimena Kasparjan. Roditelji su mu se rano razveli i majka je svoje prezime promijenila u rusku varijantu Kasparov. Sa 12 godina Hari je uzeo majčino prezime i "rusificirao" ime. </p><p>Rano je skrenuo pažnju na sebe izuzetnim talentom. Od 1974. uči u šahovskoj školi koju je vodio bivši svjetski prvak <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Botvinik" title="Mihail Botvinik">Mihail Botvinik</a>. Godine 1976, kao trinaestogodišnjak, osvojio je prvenstvo SSSR za igrače do 18 godina. </p><p>Svjetska šahovska javnost ga je upoznala godine 1979. kada je uvjerljivo pobijedio na turniru u <a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banjoj Luci</a>. Sljedeće godine priznat mu je naslov velemajstora. Brzo je napredovao. Godine 1982. na prvenstvu <a href="/wiki/Savez_sovjetskih_socijalisti%C4%8Dkih_republika" class="mw-redirect" title="Savez sovjetskih socijalističkih republika">SSSR</a> podijelio je prvo mjesto s Lavom Psahisom. </p><p>Uz profesionalno igranje šaha, bio je odličan student anglistike. Rado čita poeziju i napamet zna mnoge pjesme <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Jesenjin" title="Sergej Jesenjin">Jesenjina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Ljermontov" title="Mihail Ljermontov">Ljermontova</a> i Jevtušenka. Fizički je snažan, igra nogomet i vozi bicikl. </p><p>U mečevima kandidata 1983. postiže uvjerljive pobjede. U četvrtfinalu pobjeđuje Beljavskog 6-3, u polufinalu <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Kor%C4%8Dnoj" title="Viktor Korčnoj">Korčnoja</a> 7-4, te u finalu <a href="/wiki/Vasilij_Smislov" title="Vasilij Smislov">Smislova</a> 8,5-4,5. (Smislov je tada imao 62 godine. Bio je svjetski prvak 1957-1958, pet godina prije Kasparovljevog rođenja.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mečevi_s_Karpovom"><span id="Me.C4.8Devi_s_Karpovom"></span>Mečevi s Karpovom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Mečevi s Karpovom"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Mečevi s Karpovom"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasparov je sa 21 godinom bio najmlađi igrač koji je igrao meč za prvenstvo svijeta. Nasuprot njega bio je <a href="/wiki/Anatolij_Karpov" title="Anatolij Karpov">Anatolij Karpov</a>, svjetski prvak od 1974, s 33 godine na vrhuncu snaga. </p><p>Neobičnim spletom okolnosti, u toku šest godina Kasparov i Karpov odigrali su čak pet mečeva za svjetsko prvenstvo. Obojica u to doba daleko nadmašuju sve ostale svjetske šahiste. U tim mečevima odigrali su ukupno 144 partije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prvi_meč:_48_partija"><span id="Prvi_me.C4.8D:_48_partija"></span>Prvi meč: 48 partija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Prvi meč: 48 partija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Prvi meč: 48 partija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovo je najduži meč u historiji šaha, i to će sigurno zadugo i ostati. Imao je izrazito neobičan tok i još neobičniji završetak. </p><p>Igralo se po pravilima usvojenim 1974: igra se dok jedan igrač ne postigne šest pobjeda, bez ograničenja trajanja meča. U slučaju poraza, bivši svjetski prvak ima pravo na revanš-meč u roku od godinu dana. </p><p>Meč je započeo u Moskvi, u jesen 1984. Kasparov je započeo samouvjereno, agresivnom igrom koja mu je do tada donosila uspjeh. To je međutim bilo lahkoumno protiv izvrsno pripremljenog Karpova, vrhunskog majstora odbrane i duboke strategije. Hladnokrvno je odbijao napade i postizao pozicionu prednost. Nakon devet partija rezultat je bio 4:0 za Karpova i izgledalo je da je sve gotovo. </p><p>Tada Kasparov naglo mijenja taktiku. Počinje igrati solidno, bez rizika, izazivajući protivnika da napada kako bi postigao još dvije pobjede. Karpov međutim ne želi preuzeti veći rizik, vjerovatno u nadi da će posve poniziti mladog protivnika pobjedom od 6:0. Rezultat je bila serija od 17 remija. </p><p>Zatim je Karpov dobio 27. partiju i poveo 5:0. Konačno, međutim, Kasparov dolazi do pobjede u 32. partiji. Slijedi nova serija od 14 remija. Kasparov je nevjerovatno hladnokrvno sputavao svoj temperament, Karpov je bio jednako nevjerovatno neprodoran. </p><p>Igralo se već peti mjesec i oba igrača su bila isrcpljena. Onda Kasparov dobija dvije partije zaredom, 47. i 48, i smanjuje na 3-5. Meč najednom opet postaje napet; godine 1978. Karpov je protiv Korčnoja vodio 5:2, zatim je Korčnoj izjednačio, da bi Karpov ipak dobio 32. partiju i tako pobijedio sa 6:5. </p><p>Sovjetska šahovska federacija se tada odlučila na neobičan potez: zatražili su od predsjednika <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> Florencia Campomanesa da meč prekine, jer su oba igrača potpuno iscrpljena. Predloženo je da se meč poništi, te da se nakon šest mjeseci igra novi. Oba igrača su to prihvatila; obojica su kasnije tvrdili da su bili izmanipulirani. Karpov je svakako bio u krizi, a Kasparov je ipak još uvijek trebao dobiti tri partije, a da ne izgubi nijednu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugi_meč:_Kasparov_prvak_svijeta"><span id="Drugi_me.C4.8D:_Kasparov_prvak_svijeta"></span>Drugi meč: Kasparov prvak svijeta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Drugi meč: Kasparov prvak svijeta"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Drugi meč: Kasparov prvak svijeta"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Odluka o prekidu izazvala je lavinu polemika u šahovskom svijetu, ali bila je definitivna. Tako, nakon pauze od šest mjeseci, akteri su se ponovo susreli u Moskvi. Pravila su u međuvremenu bila promijenjena: dužina meča ograničena je na maksimalno 24 partije, s tim da se meč prekida ako neko postigne šest pobjeda. U slučaju da je nakon 24 partije rezultat neodlučan, svjetski prvak zadržava titulu. Ostalo je i pravo prvaka na revanš. </p><p>Borba je bila vrlo napeta i izjednačena. Nakon 23 partije, Kasparov je vodio 12-11. Posljednju partiju Karpov igra na sve ili ništa, ali gubi; tako Kasparov, star 22 godine, postaje 13. prvak svijeta, najmlađi u historiji. </p><p>Velemajstor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dra%C5%BEen_Marovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dražen Marović (stranica ne postoji)">Dražen Marović</a> pisao je tada u <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ahovski_glasnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šahovski glasnik (stranica ne postoji)">Šahovskom glasniku</a> da je Kasparov zasluženo pobijedio. Bio je energičan i dosjetljiv, s teorijskim novinama i zbunjujućim žrtvama. Bijelima je uspijevao zahvatiti inicijativu, crnima se odlično branio u daminom gambitu i ševeninškoj varijajanti <a href="/wiki/Sicilijanska_odbrana" title="Sicilijanska odbrana">sicilijanke</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slijedeća_tri_meča"><span id="Slijede.C4.87a_tri_me.C4.8Da"></span>Slijedeća tri meča</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Slijedeća tri meča"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Slijedeća tri meča"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karpov je imao pravo na revanš, i tako je nepunih godinu dana nakon prethodnog igran i treći meč. Kasparov pobjeđuje 12,5-11,5. </p><p>Ne prolazi ni godinu dana, a veliki protivnici se ponovo susreću. Karpov je pobjedom u meču kandidata ostvario pravo na novi meč. Ovog puta Kasparov je bio pred porazom. Pri rezultatu 11-11, grubim previdom gubi 23. partiju. Karpov je poveo 12-11 i trebao mu je remi u posljednjoj partiji, dok je Kasparov morao igrati na pobjedu. Za razliku od Karpova u drugom meču, on uspjeva pobijediti. Tu partiju, najvažniju u svojoj karijeri, dobio je u Karpovljevom stilu: dugoročnom igrom na sitne prednosti uspio je dovesti do pobjede u malo boljoj završnici. Neriješenim rezultatom u meču sačuvao je naslov. </p><p>U to doba Kasparov je optužio FIDE za pristranost prema bivšem prvaku. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dra%C5%BEen_Marovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dražen Marović (stranica ne postoji)">Dražen Marović</a> je u <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ahovskom_glasniku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šahovskom glasniku (stranica ne postoji)">Šahovskom glasniku</a> izrazio mišljenje da ima pravo: Kasparov je dvaput branio titulu u dvije godine, koliko Karpov u 10 godina. </p><p>O toku meča Marović je komentirao da Kasparov po svojoj prirodi podsjeća na <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Aljehin" title="Aleksandar Aljehin">Aljehina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Talj" title="Mihail Talj">Talja</a>: kreativan, nagao, impulsivan, često i nepromišljen. Te slabosti su Aljehinu donijele poraze u prvom meču s <a href="/wiki/Max_Euwe" title="Max Euwe">Euweom</a>, a Talju u drugom meču s <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Botvinik" title="Mihail Botvinik">Botvinikom</a>. Ova dvojica, kao i Karpov, bili su metodični, disciplinirani profesionalci. </p><p>Tri godine kasnije, Karpov je ponovo bio izazivač, pobjedivši konkurente u mečevima kandidata. Meč je opet bio neizvjestan do kraja. Kasparov je pobjedio s 12,5-11,5. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politika">Politika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Politika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Politika"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Doba gigantomahije Kasparova i Karpova ujedno je i doba velikih promjena u SSSR, konačno i njegovog raspada i rušenja <a href="/wiki/Komunizam" title="Komunizam">komunizma</a>. Dva velika protivnika našla su se i politički na suprotnim stranama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vatreni_zagovornik_demokratije">Vatreni zagovornik demokratije</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Vatreni zagovornik demokratije"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Vatreni zagovornik demokratije"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karpov, koji je dva puta odbranio sovjetsku domovinu od nasrtaja emigranta <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Kor%C4%8Dnoj" title="Viktor Korčnoj">Viktora Korčnoja</a> bio je miljenik starog sistema. Imao je nekoliko političkih funkcija, bio je i potpredsjednik sovjetske (a zatim ruske) šahovske organizacije. </p><p>Nasuprot tome, Kasparov od početka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perestrojka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perestrojka (stranica ne postoji)">perestrojke</a> javno djeluje, pružajući oduševljenu podršku <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Gorba%C4%8Dov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihail Sergejevič Gorbačov">Gorbačovljevim</a> reformama, a zatim i <a href="/wiki/Boris_Jeljcin" title="Boris Jeljcin">Jeljcinu</a>. Kasnije se međutim razočarao u obojici. </p><p>Njihovo protivništvo 1990-ih godina dovelo je i do borbe za vlast u Ruskoj šahovskoj organizaciji, a i FIDE je u tu borbu bila upletena. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prijatelj_Hrvatske">Prijatelj Hrvatske</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak "Prijatelj Hrvatske"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Prijatelj Hrvatske"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ovo protivništvo se drastično manifestiralo u odnosu prema <a href="/wiki/Rat_u_Bosni_i_Hercegovini" title="Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini">ratu na području bivše Jugoslavije</a>. </p><p> Karpov je u prvoj polovini 1990-ih godina više puta posjećivao Srbiju i Crnu Goru. Igrao je na međunarodnim takmičenjima za ekipu <i>Agrouniverzala</i> iz <a href="/wiki/Zemun" title="Zemun">Zemuna</a>. Vrhunac podrške Srbiji bilo je odigravanje simultanke u okupiranom <a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovaru</a> 1995. Nasuprot tome, Kasparov je izražavao snažnu podršku Hrvatskoj. Više puta je dolazio na odmor i pripreme za mečeve na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crveni_otok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crveni otok (stranica ne postoji)">Crveni otok</a> kod <a href="/wiki/Rovinj" title="Rovinj">Rovinja</a>. Igrao je za ekipu <i>Borovo Vukovar</i>. Kasparov je početkom 2014. godine posjetio hrvatskog predsjednika <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Josipovi%C4%87" title="Ivo Josipović">Ivu Josipovića</a> s kojim je odigrao partiju šaha. Na svom <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> profilu Josipović je tada napisao:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3262795">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Posjetio me nekadašnji svjetski prvak, legenda svjetskog šaha Gari Kasparov ... Odigrali smo i partiju šaha, izdržao sam 33 poteza. </p></blockquote> <p><sup id="cite_ref-danas_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-danas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Raskol_u_svjetskom_šahu_1993."><span id="Raskol_u_svjetskom_.C5.A1ahu_1993."></span>Raskol u svjetskom šahu 1993.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak "Raskol u svjetskom šahu 1993."" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Raskol u svjetskom šahu 1993."><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Godine 1993. dolazi do velike krize u takmičenjima za svjetsko prvenstvo, koja do danas nije razriješena. FIDE je po uobičajenom sistemu organizirala mečeve kandidata. Pobjednik je bio Englez <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nigel_Short&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nigel Short (stranica ne postoji)">Nigel Short</a>, koji je u polufinalu pobijedio Karpova, a u finalu Jana Timmana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meč_Kasparov-Short"><span id="Me.C4.8D_Kasparov-Short"></span>Meč Kasparov-Short</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak "Meč Kasparov-Short"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Meč Kasparov-Short"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Do sukoba je došlo kada je Kasparov odbio igrati meč u gradu koji je izabrala FIDE, nezadovljan ponuđenim nagradnim fondom; sklopio je ugovor o igranju meča u <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">Londonu</a>, uz dvostruko veći nagradni fond. Short se s time složio. </p><p>Administracija FIDE, ljutita zbog narušavanja njenog autoriteta, povukla je drastičan i besmislen potez: objavila je da Kasparovu oduzima titulu prvaka, a Shortu pravo izazivača, te da će meč za ispražnjeno mjesto prvaka u <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdamu</a> igrati Karpov i Timman. </p><p>Kasparov i Short, te još nekoliko vrhunskih igrača, osnovali su novu organizaciju, <i>Professional Chess Players Association</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=PCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PCA (stranica ne postoji)">PCA</a>), koja je bila formalni organizator njihovog dvoboja. Tako su godine 1993. odigrana dva meča. Kasparov je pobijedio Shorta 12,5:7,5 i odbranio titulu, a Karpov Timmana 12,5:8,5. Tako je došlo do situacije kao u profesionalnom boksu, s dva prvaka u različitim verzijama. Ali je šahovski svijet titulu priznavao samo Kasparovu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meč_Kasparov-Anand_1995."><span id="Me.C4.8D_Kasparov-Anand_1995."></span>Meč Kasparov-Anand 1995.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak "Meč Kasparov-Anand 1995."" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Meč Kasparov-Anand 1995."><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Administracija FIDE ostaje tvrdoglava. FIDE i PCA organiziraju svaka svoj kandidatski ciklus. U organizaciji PCA odigran je krajem 1995. meč Kasparov-Anand. Igralo se na bolji rezultat iz 16 partija. Prvih osam partija završeno je remijem. Devetu partiju dobija Anand. U desetoj, Kasparov igrajući bijelima, nalazi teorijsku novost sa žrtvom skakača u 11. potezu u otvorenoj varijanti španskog otvaranja. Kasnije žrtvuje i topa i pobjeđuje. </p><p>Odlučujućom se pokazala sljedeća, 11. partija: Kasparov crnima igra zmajevu varijantu sicilijanke. U posve jednakoj poziciji, Anand odbija ponudu remija; forsirajući, upada u jednostavnu zamku i gubi. Nakon toga Kasparov je dobio još dvije partije i ostvario pobjedu 8-5. Nešto kasnije u organizaciji <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> odigran je meč Karpov-Kamsky, koji je Karpov uvjerljivo dobio. FIDE je imala velikih problema u nalaženju organizatora tog meča, kojeg šahovska javnost ne priznaje. Zanimljivo je da su Kamsky i Anand odigrali dva meča kandidata: u verziji <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> u četvrtfinalu pobijedio je Kamski sa 6:4, a u verziji PCA u finalu pobijedio je Anand sa 6,5:4,5. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haos_i_samovolja">Haos i samovolja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak "Haos i samovolja"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Haos i samovolja"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a>, koja ima finansijske probleme, naglo je izmijenila sistem takmičenja; titula "prvak svijeta FIDE" izgubila je dosadašnji smisao. PCA je također zapala u probleme zbog međusobnog protivništva vrhunskih igrača, različitih interesa sponzora i pritiska FIDE. Kasparov, harizmatična osoba i odličan u odnosima s medijima i sponzorima, praktički sam donosi odluke, kao što je to činili svjetski prvaci u periodu 1886-1946. godine. </p><p>Početkom 1998. bilo je objavljeno da će Anand i Kramnik, drugi i treći na rating listi, igrati meč kandidata, nakon čega će pobjednik igrati meč protiv Kasparova. Pod pritiskom predsjednika <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> Kiršana Iljužminova, Anand je odustao od meča. U PCA dolazi do raskola. Kasparov hitro raspušta tu organizaciju i uz pomoć španskog bogataša i šahovskog mecene Luisa Rentera osniva novu organizaciju <i>World Chess Council</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=WCC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WCC (stranica ne postoji)">WCC</a>). Za Anandovog zamjenika imenovan je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksej_%C5%A0irov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksej Širov (stranica ne postoji)">Aleksej Širov</a>; vrhunski igrač, koji je dobio špansko državljanstvo, što je svakako utjecalo na odluku. </p><p>U organizaciji WCC odigran je sredinom 1998. meč Širov-Kramnik; Širov pobjeđuje 5,5:3,5. Meč Kasparov-Širov bio je najavljen za oktobar 1998, međutim biva odgođen jer dolazi do sukoba Kasparova i Rentera. Na kraju meč nije ni odigran. WCC je nestala sa scene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gubitak_titule">Gubitak titule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak "Gubitak titule"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Gubitak titule"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tek pet godina nakon prethodne odbrane titule, organiziran je meč u kojem je Kasparov branio titulu. Izazivač je ovog puta bio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kramnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kramnik (stranica ne postoji)">Kramnik</a>. Sponzor i organizator bio je BrainGames Network (<a href="/w/index.php?title=BGN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BGN (stranica ne postoji)">BGN</a>). Igralo se opet 16 partija. Kramnik je razradio savršenu taktiku: od početka igra na "umrtvljenje" pozicije, izbjegava komplikacije u kojim Kasparov uživa i čeka da se protivnik "istrči". To je bila taktika koju je primjenjivao Karpov, ali Kramnik je imao više uspjeha. Kasparova je iznevjerila kreativnost: u 15 odigranih partija nije dobio nijednu. Kramnik je dobio dvije, 13 je bilo remi, i tako Kramnik postaje svjetski prvak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rating">Rating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak "Rating"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Rating"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kroz sve te godine, a i nakon gubitka titule, Kasparov, uz rijetke padove, bilježi izvrsne turnirske rezultate. To se nastavilo i nakon gubitka titule u meču. Držao je prvo mjesto na <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060217145840/http://www.fide.com/ratings/">svjetskoj rating listi</a> neprekidno od 1983. Na listi od jula 2005. ima 2812 bodova, dok drugoplasirani Anand ima 2788. U julu 1999. imao je rating 2851, što je najviši domet u historiji. Kramnik je jedini koji je, osim Kasparova, prešao 2800 bodova (u periodu od jula 2001. do aprila 2003.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mečevi_protiv_računara"><span id="Me.C4.8Devi_protiv_ra.C4.8Dunara"></span>Mečevi protiv računara</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak "Mečevi protiv računara"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Mečevi protiv računara"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kasparov je odigrao nekoliko značajnih mečeva protiv računarskih programa, koji su početkom prvog desetljeća postali toliko jaki da dobijaju većinu partija i protiv vodećih velemajstora. U februaru 1996. igrao je meč u šest partija protiv <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>-ovog računara <i>Deep Blue</i>. Izgubio je prvu partiju, ali zatim dobija tri partije uz dva remija. </p><p>U maju 1997. gubi meč protiv poboljšanje verzije <i>Deep Bluea</i>. Pri rezultatu 1-1 uz tri remija, izgubio je posljednju partiju nakon grube greške u otvaranju. Dugo vremena nakon tog meča Kasparov, a i drugi velemajstori, izražavali su sumnju da je IBM varao, tako što je neki velemajstor u tajnosti provjeravao poteze koje je računar izabrao. Programi, naime, računaju varijante stotinu miliona puta brže od čovjeka, ali ponekad se izgube u pozicijama gdje je potrebna dalekosežna strategija, pa ljudska intuicija nadvladava. </p><p><i>Deep Blue</i> je bio poseban računar sastavljen do 50 PC-a, spojenih u cjelinu samo za ovu namjenu. Nakon toga takvi računari se više ne pojavljuju. Velikim napretkom snage računara, vrhunski šah sada igraju i programi koji rada na standardnim računarima. </p><p>U novembrz 2003. igrao je meč u četiri partije protiv programa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=X3D_Fritz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X3D Fritz (stranica ne postoji)">X3D Fritz</a></i>, koji je na osnovu prethodnih rezultata imao rating 2807. U meču su korišteni virtuelna tabla, 3D naočale i sistem za prepoznavanje glasa. Meč je završen neriješeno, 1:1 uz dva remija. </p><p>Ovaj program računa sto miliona poteza u sekundi, dok čak i svjetski prvak ne može računati više od dva poteza u sekundi. Nakon što su programeri unaprijedili igru šahovskih programa puno više nego što je to još 1980-ih izgledalo moguće, može se reći i da je Kasparov odbranio čast <i>Homo sapiensa</i> i demonstrirao zadivljujuću moć ljudske intuicije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kraj_karijere">Kraj karijere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak "Kraj karijere"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Kraj karijere"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U martu 2005. nakon pobjede na velikom turniru u Linaresu, Kasparov je objavio da napušta šah, te da će se posvetiti političkoj karijeri, jer smatra potrebnim "<i>učiniti sve u mojoj moći za otpor diktaturi Vladimira Putina</i>". Vodeći je član grupe liberalne opozicije <i>Komitet 2008</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historijska_ocjena">Historijska ocjena</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak "Historijska ocjena"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Historijska ocjena"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kada je Kasparov osvojio naslov svjetskog prvaka, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dra%C5%BEen_Marovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dražen Marović (stranica ne postoji)">Dražen Marović</a> je zapisao: </p> <dl><dd>"Od velike važnosti je da se u monotoniji i praznini osamdesetih godina pojavio igrač šampionskog kova u tradicionalnom smislu riječi, takmičar, pisac i istraživač, koji vrijednost kraljevske igre vidi i s onu stranu natjecanja i efemernog rezultata. U ovom sumornom šahovskom periodu praznih simbola, lažnih brojčanih pokazatelja i šund-literature Gari Kasparov vraća nas tradicionalnim vrijednostima šahovnice svojim stavom prema šahu, svojim analizatorskim radom i svojom briljantnom praksom i mislim da je prvenstveno u tom temeljni značaj njegove pojave."</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odlomak "Literatura"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Niz članaka u <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ahovski_glasnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šahovski glasnik (stranica ne postoji)">Šahovskom glasniku</a>.</li> <li>Dimitrije Bjelica: <b>Drama u Podmoskovlju</b>, Beograd: Književne novine, 1986. - knjiga, koja se može naći u knjižarama na području BiH, obrađuje prva dva meča Karpov-Kasparov, 1984-1985. g. Bjelica kao novinar prikazuje događaje, a komentari partija potiču od raznih velemajstora.</li> <li>Eduard Gufeljd i Dimitrije Bjelica: <i>Gari Kasparov. Zvijezda iz Bakua</i>, u dvije knjige, Beograd: Književne novine, 1987. - Prva knjiga donosi opsežnu biografiju, a druga izbor partija.</li> <li>Gari Kasparov: <i>Moje partije</i>, Zagreb: Sportska tribina, 1984.</li> <li>G. Kasparov i A. Nikitin: <i>Sicilijanska odbrana. Moje najjače oružje</i>, Zagreb: Sportska tribina, 1986.</li> <li>Gari Kasparov: <i>Moji veliki prethodnici</i>, 1. knjiga: <i>Od Steinitza do Aljehina</i>, Zagreb: AGM, 2004. - Prvi tom serije o svjetskim prvacima i drugim najboljim igračima. Obrađuje prvih pet svjetskih prvaka. Na ruskom i engleskom štampan 2003. Sljedeća tri toma izašla su tokom 2004. Posljednji, peti tom, posvećen <a href="/wiki/Anatolij_Karpov" title="Anatolij Karpov">Karpovu</a> i drugim velikim igračima 1970-ih i 1980-ih godina, najavljen je za kraj 2005.</li> <li>Slavko Peleh: <i>Na putu do vrha: Kasparov - Anand : New York 1995</i>, Zagreb: Inmedia, 1996. - Knjižica o meču za svjetsko prvenstvo 1995.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-danas-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-danas_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-danas_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/archive/news/latest/500/500.html?id=25279590">Gari Kasparov dobio hrvatsko državljanstvo</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gari_Kasparov&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Garry_Kasparov?uselang=bs">Gari Kasparov </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3627399"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r3486241"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo Wikicitata"><img alt="Logo Wikicitata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/45px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/60px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>Logo Wikicitata</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://bs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="q:Početna strana">Wikicitati</a> imaju citate vezane za: <b><a href="https://bs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov" class="extiw" title="q:Garry Kasparov">Garry Kasparov</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=15940">2110 Kasparovljevih partija na chessgames.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wtharvey.com/kasp.html">stotinu pozicija iz Kasparovljevih partija kao zagonetke</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060216232712/http://bobby-fischer.net/Garry_Kasparov_Retires.html">Kasparovljeva najava povlačenja iz šaha</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/85kk$$.htm">Svjetsko prvenstvo 1985</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4163439.stm">Kasparovljeva politička uvjerenja</a></li> <li>Više o Kasparovljevom povlačenju na <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesscenter.com/twic/r15.html"><i>The Week in Chess</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051128071023/http://www.chesscenter.com/twic/r15.html">Arhivirano</a> 28. 11. 2005. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> i <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=2258">Chessbase</a></li> <li>Kasparov je također povremeni saradnik u <i>The Wall Street Journalu</i>:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110006444">The Great Game</a>, o povlačenju i politici u Rusiji, 19. marta 2005.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110005371">Fischer's Price</a>, o Bobiju Fischeru, 19. jula 2004.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110005100">Stop the Moral Equivalence</a>, o terorizmu, 19. maja 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110004820">Putinocracy</a>, o Putinovom režimu, 14. marta 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110003081">Man vs. Machine</a>, o računarskom šahu, 16. februar 2003.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110002087">The War Is Not Yet Won</a>, o ratu u Iraku, 5. augusta 2003.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Svjetski_šahovski_prvaci" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible 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title="Vasilij Smislov">Smislov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihail_Talj" title="Mihail Talj">Talj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigran_Petrosjan" title="Tigran Petrosjan">Petrosjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Spaski" title="Boris Spaski">Spaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolij_Karpov" title="Anatolij Karpov">Karpov</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kasparov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kramnik" title="Vladimir Kramnik">Kramnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Carlsen" title="Magnus Carlsen">Carlsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ding_Liren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ding Liren (stranica ne postoji)">Ding</a></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gukesh_Dommaraju&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gukesh Dommaraju (stranica ne postoji)">Gukesh</a></b></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:AAA_SVG_Chessboard_and_chess_pieces_03.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AAA_SVG_Chessboard_and_chess_pieces_03.svg/60px-AAA_SVG_Chessboard_and_chess_pieces_03.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AAA_SVG_Chessboard_and_chess_pieces_03.svg/90px-AAA_SVG_Chessboard_and_chess_pieces_03.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AAA_SVG_Chessboard_and_chess_pieces_03.svg/120px-AAA_SVG_Chessboard_and_chess_pieces_03.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Samo <a href="/wiki/FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a> svjetski prvaci</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Halifman" title="Aleksandar Halifman">Halifman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Ponomarjov" title="Ruslan Ponomarjov">Ponomarjov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustam_Kasimd%C5%BEanov" title="Rustam Kasimdžanov">Kasimdžanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veselin_Topalov" title="Veselin Topalov">Topalov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Svjetske prvakinje</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vera_Men%C4%8Dik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vera Menčik (stranica ne postoji)">Menčik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ljudmila_Rudenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ljudmila Rudenko (stranica ne postoji)">Rudenko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jelizaveta_Bikova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jelizaveta Bikova (stranica ne postoji)">Bikova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Rupcova" title="Olga Rupcova">Rupcova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nona_Gaprinda%C5%A1vili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nona Gaprindašvili (stranica ne postoji)">Gaprindašvili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maja_%C4%8Ciburdanidze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maja Čiburdanidze (stranica ne postoji)">Čiburdanidze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xie_Jun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xie Jun (stranica ne postoji)">Xie Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zsuzsa_Polg%C3%A1r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zsuzsa Polgár (stranica ne postoji)">Zs. Polgár</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhu_Chen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhu Chen (stranica ne postoji)">Zhu Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoaneta_Stefanova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoaneta Stefanova (stranica ne postoji)">Stefanova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xu_Juhua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xu Juhua (stranica ne postoji)">Xu Juhua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandra_Kostenjuk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandra Kostenjuk (stranica ne postoji)">Kostenjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hou_Yifan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hou Yifan (stranica ne postoji)">Hou Yifan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_U%C5%A1enjina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana Ušenjina (stranica ne postoji)">Ušenjina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marija_Muzi%C4%8Duk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marija Muzičuk (stranica ne postoji)">M. 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