CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="no" href="https://nilu.no/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://nilu.com/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://nilu.no/" />  <title>NILU</title> <meta name="description" content="We research how humans, climate, and the environment affect each other." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nilu.com/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="NILU" /> <meta property="og:description" content="We research how humans, climate, and the environment affect each other." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://nilu.com/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NILU" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/NILUNorskinstituttforluftforskning/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-30T11:53:40+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/logo-ny-profil-herobilde.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="500" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="NILU" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Create sustainable development through internationally leading climate and environmental research." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@nilu_now" />  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//nilu.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.datatables.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cloud.typography.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/nilu.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='search-filter-plugin-styles-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/css/search-filter.min.css?ver=2.5.20' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/fontawesome/css/all.min.css?ver=6.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-style-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/css/min/bootstrap.min.css?ver=4.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='select2-style-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/css/min/select2.min.css?ver=4.0.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='select2-bootstrap-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/css/min/select2-bootstrap.min.css?ver=4.0.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='zmdi-style-css' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/material-design-iconic-font/2.2.0/css/material-design-iconic-font.min.css?ver=2.2.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cloud-typography-css' href='//cloud.typography.com/7659416/7165792/css/fonts.css?ver=1.4.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='datatables-css-css' href='//cdn.datatables.net/v/bs4/dt-1.10.18/r-2.2.2/datatables.min.css?ver=1.10.18' type='text/css' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mmenu-style-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/css/min/mmenu.min.css?ver=7.3.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nilu-style-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/style.css?ver=1.4.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='searchwp-forms-css' href='https://nilu.com/wp-content/plugins/searchwp/assets/css/frontend/search-forms.css?ver=4.3.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpml-cookie-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpml_cookies = {"wp-wpml_current_language":{"value":"en","expires":1,"path":"\/"}}; var wpml_cookies = {"wp-wpml_current_language":{"value":"en","expires":1,"path":"\/"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/js/cookies/language-cookie.js?ver=473900" id="wpml-cookie-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="search-filter-plugin-build-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var SF_LDATA = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/nilu.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","home_url":"https:\/\/nilu.com\/","extensions":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/js/search-filter-build.min.js?ver=2.5.20" id="search-filter-plugin-build-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/js/chosen.jquery.min.js?ver=2.5.20" id="search-filter-plugin-chosen-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.1/dist/umd/popper.min.js?ver=1.16.1" id="popper-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=4.1.1" id="bootstrap-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/select2/4.0.5/js/select2.min.js?ver=4.0.5" id="select2-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/select2/4.0.5/js/i18n/nb.js?ver=4.0.5" id="select2-nb-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.datatables.net/v/bs4/dt-1.10.18/r-2.2.2/datatables.min.js?ver=1.10.18" id="datatables-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/js/min/facetwp-customs.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="facetwp-custom-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/js/min/mmenu-jquery.min.js?ver=7.3.3" id="mmenu-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpml-xdomain-data-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpml_xdomain_data = {"css_selector":"wpml-ls-item","ajax_url":"https:\/\/nilu.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","current_lang":"en","_nonce":"b094da42d1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/js/xdomain-data.js?ver=473900" id="wpml-xdomain-data-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://nilu.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://nilu.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/3226" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://nilu.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://nilu.com/' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://nilu.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnilu.com%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://nilu.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnilu.com%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WPML ver:4.7.3 stt:1,39;" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.149.1" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="saswp-schema-markup-output"> [{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@graph":[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/nilu.com#Main Menu","name":"Forskning","url":"https:\/\/nilu.no\/forskning\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/nilu.com#Main Menu","name":"Tjenester","url":"https:\/\/nilu.no\/tjenester\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/nilu.com#Main Menu","name":"Lab og analyse","url":"https:\/\/nilu.no\/tjenester\/nilus-laboratorier-og-analysetjenester\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/nilu.com#Main Menu","name":"Publikasjoner","url":"https:\/\/nilu.com\/publications\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/nilu.com#Main Menu","name":"Prosjekter","url":"https:\/\/nilu.no\/prosjekter\/"}]}, {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/nilu.com#Organization","name":"NILU","url":"https:\/\/nilu.no","sameAs":[],"legalName":"Norsk institutt for luftforskning","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/nilu.no\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/NILU_logo_transparent-100x120.png","width":"100","height":"120"}}] </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/cropped-favicon-niluweb-512x512-1-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/cropped-favicon-niluweb-512x512-1-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/cropped-favicon-niluweb-512x512-1-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/cropped-favicon-niluweb-512x512-1-270x270.png" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-11988521-2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-11988521-2'); </script> </head> <body class="home page-template page-template-templates page-template-page-frontpage page-template-templatespage-frontpage-php page page-id-3226 lang-en"> <div id="site" class="site"> <a class="sr-only sr-only-focusable screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="topheader" class="topheader"> <div class="topheader-inner"> <div class="site-intro" > <meta content="NILU"> <a href="https://nilu.com/"> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 533.54 263.34"> <defs> <style> .cls-1 { fill: #054055; stroke-width: 0px; } </style> </defs> <g id="Logo"> <g> <path class="cls-1" d="m142.37,263.34h-43.86v-98.73c0-21.24-9.71-32.94-27.33-32.94-22.59,0-27.33,17.91-27.33,32.94v98.73H0v-102.51c0-45.74,26.61-73.05,71.18-73.05s71.18,27.99,71.18,73.05v102.51h.01Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="m391.17,87.78h43.86v98.73c0,21.24,9.71,32.94,27.33,32.94,22.59,0,27.33-17.91,27.33-32.94v-98.73h43.85v102.51c0,45.74-26.61,73.05-71.18,73.05s-71.18-27.99-71.18-73.05v-102.51h0Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="m240.03,263.34h-43.85V87.78h43.85v175.56Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="m337.53,263.34h-43.86V0h43.86v263.34Z"/> <path class="cls-1" d="m218.11.01c-12.1,0-21.94,9.84-21.94,21.94s9.84,21.94,21.94,21.94,21.94-9.84,21.94-21.94S230.21.01,218.11.01Z"/> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="site-navigation"> <nav class="nav-top"> <div id="top-menu" class="menu-header-menu-container"><ul id = "nav-perifery" class = "perifery-menu col-auto d-none d-lg-block"><li id="menu-item-7347" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7347"><a href="https://nilu.com/about-nilu/">About NILU</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7401" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7401"><a href="https://nilu.com/contact-nilu/">Contact NILU</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7349" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7349"><a href="https://nilu.com/contact-nilu/employees/">Employees</a></li> <li id="menu-item-56557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-56557"><a href="https://nilu.com/career-in-nilu/">Career in NILU</a></li> </ul></div> <p class="langswitch"><a href="https://nilu.no/">NO</a></p> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://nilu.com/"> <label for="search-form-67f2425bd153a"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <div class="input-group"> <input type="search" id="search-form-67f2425bd153a" class="form-control search-field" placeholder="What are you looking for?" value="" name="s" required="required" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary search-submit" value="Search"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </span> </div> </form> </nav> <nav class="nav-bottom"> <ul id="site-menu" class="nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-7352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7352"><a href="https://nilu.com/research/">Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-57164" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57164"><a href="https://nilu.com/services/">Services</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7350" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7350"><a href="https://nilu.com/services/laboratory-services/">Laboratory services</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47501" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-publication menu-item-47501"><a href="https://nilu.com/publications/">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12500" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12500"><a href="https://nilu.com/projects/">Projects</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <a href="#mobile-navigation" id="menu-toggle" aria-label="Open menu"> <i class="fal fa-bars" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content" tabindex="-1"> <main id="main" class="site-main frontpage"> <section class="hero"> <div class="hero-container"> <div class="hero-container-caption"> <h1>NILU creates sustainable development through internationally leading climate and environmental research</h1>  <a href="https://nilu.com/about-nilu/">Read more about NILU</a> </div> <div class="hero-container-image"> <figure> <img src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/isbjorn-colourbox21749417-forsideweb.png" alt="Isbjørn på isflak"> </figure> </div> </div> </section> <section class="news"> <div class="news-inner"> <h2>News from NILU</h2> <div class="news-inner-cards"> <a href="https://nilu.com/2025/03/compact-vs-sprawling-how-can-urban-development-shape-healthier-environments/" class="news-card card-0"> <figure> <img src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/warszawa-polen-colourbox57054505-hero-600x350.jpg" alt=""> </figure> <h3>Compact vs. sprawling – how can urban development shape healthier environments?</h3> <p class="post-date">24.03.2025</p> <p class="ingress">Two decades of growth has left the Polish capital Warsaw sprawling. A trend of wide-spread suburbs, lacking key amenities and access to public transportation, has…</p> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/2025/03/welcome-to-the-fritz-sobel-award-winner-maria-dusinskas-talk-my-scientific-adventure/" class="news-card card-1"> <figure> <img src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/image004-1-600x350.jpg" alt=""> </figure> <h3>Welcome to the Fritz Sobel Award winner Maria Dusinskas’ talk “My scientific adventure”</h3> <p class="post-date">19.03.2025</p> <p class="ingress">Join us in celebrating Maria Dusinska and listen to her award-winning talk, Wednesday March 26th.</p> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/2025/03/emissions-from-tropical-wildfires/" class="news-card card-2"> <figure> <img src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/nasaimages-wildfire-brazil-chriscassidy-hero-600x350.jpg" alt=""> </figure> <h3>How does fuel type influence emissions from tropical fires?</h3> <p class="post-date">05.03.2025</p> <p class="ingress">Fires in tropical forests affects not only the forest, but also the carbon cycle and air quality. A new study reveals that exactly what burns…</p> </a> </div> <a href="https://nilu.com/news-archive/" class="btn btn-primary"> <i class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> See all news </a> </div> </section> <section class="research-areas"> <h2 class="text-left">Our research areas</h2> <div class="research-areas-container"> <a href="https://nilu.com/research/atmosphere-and-climate/" class="child-0"> <figure class="r_area-icon" style="max-width: 50px;"> <i class="zmdi zmdi-cloud-outline-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> </figure> <h3>Atmosphere and climate</h3> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/research/urban-air-quality/" class="child-1"> <figure class="r_area-icon" style="max-width: 50px;"> <i class="zmdi zmdi-city-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> </figure> <h3>Urban air quality</h3> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/research/environmental-contaminants/" class="child-2"> <figure class="r_area-icon" style="max-width: 50px;"> <span class="noun-project"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><g><path d="M85.866,21.683H50.243h-0.301c1.617,0.637,3.111,1.709,4.419,3.131h4.204c5.656,0,10.257,7.161,10.257,15.963 c0,8.801-4.601,15.961-10.257,15.961l-7.621,0.014C55.099,54.129,58,47.311,58,40.069c0-9.605-5.151-17.422-11.483-17.422 s-11.484,7.816-11.484,17.422c0,8.048,3.619,14.826,8.516,16.816v-8.499c0-1.687,1.306-3.054,2.917-3.054 c1.611,0,2.918,1.367,2.918,3.054c0,1.686-1.307,3.053-2.918,3.053c-0.412,0-0.802-0.096-1.157-0.256v4.734 c0,0,0.038,1.695-0.539,2.578c-0.78,1.306-2.854,2.482-6.387,3.049c-5.996,0.964-43.93-0.681-36.632,3.726 c2.588,1.562,22.887,1.202,24.522,2.643c1.343,1.186-9.431-0.059-8.72,4.327c0.546,3.367,21.799,2.886,21.799,2.886 s-10.9,1.439-7.085,3.844s36.293,4.275,35.271-1.44c-0.817-4.568-16.35-6.25-16.35-6.25s32.138,0.814,30.518-4.324 c-1.361-4.327-29.812-5.235-29.812-5.235s-0.972-0.066-0.978-1.008c-0.005-0.858,1.284-0.841,1.284-0.841h33.667 c7.382,0,13.387-8.566,13.387-19.094C99.253,30.248,93.248,21.683,85.866,21.683z M72.551,56.738h-6.652 c3.644-3.415,6.056-9.293,6.056-15.961c0-6.669-2.412-12.548-6.056-15.963h6.652c5.657,0,10.257,7.161,10.257,15.963 C82.808,49.578,78.208,56.738,72.551,56.738z M85.866,56.738h-5.981c3.643-3.415,6.054-9.293,6.054-15.961 c0-6.669-2.411-12.548-6.054-15.963h5.981c5.655,0,10.257,7.161,10.257,15.963C96.123,49.578,91.521,56.738,85.866,56.738z"></path></g></svg></span> </figure> <h3>Environmental contaminants</h3> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/research/environment-and-health/" class="child-3"> <figure class="r_area-icon" style="max-width: 50px;"> <i class="zmdi zmdi-nature-people" aria-hidden="true"></i> </figure> <h3>Environment and health</h3> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/research/sustainable-environmental-and-climate-solutions/" class="child-4"> <figure class="r_area-icon" style="max-width: 50px;"> <span class="noun-project"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><g><path fill="#000000" d="M77.519,38.74c-1.965-6.732-5.621-19.261,1.759-27.044c1.179-1.248,1.425-3.105,0.609-4.609 c-0.796-1.494-2.476-2.309-4.186-2.034c-1.13,0.197-27.919,5.159-49.587,25c-20.647,20.45-3.312,42.846-3.164,43.013 c0.285,0.403,7.193,9.916,18.78,12.618c0.432,0.098,0.786,0.373,0.983,0.766c1.327,2.594,2.978,5.071,4.914,7.361 c0.599,0.717,1.445,1.14,2.368,1.189h0.187c0.855,0,1.671-0.324,2.309-0.934l0.904-0.855c1.268-1.219,1.376-3.233,0.246-4.599 c-0.187-0.226-0.373-0.452-0.55-0.688c-0.305-0.373-0.383-0.855-0.216-1.307c0.167-0.462,0.54-0.786,1.022-0.894 c5.14-1.13,10.289-3.724,15.291-7.724c13.925-11.114,10.603-28.715,9.345-35.318C78.354,41.619,77.961,40.283,77.519,38.74z M55.457,38.593c0.884-1.504,0.452-3.459-1.002-4.452l-1.012-0.698c-0.56-0.393-1.228-0.59-1.906-0.59 c-0.236,0-0.482,0.02-0.717,0.079c-0.904,0.197-1.69,0.766-2.162,1.562c-3.636,6.181-11.881,22.386-9.798,39.18 c0.069,0.55-0.167,1.061-0.639,1.356c-0.452,0.295-1.012,0.285-1.474,0c-4.579-2.869-7.321-6.545-7.449-6.722 c-0.55-0.698-13.208-17.148,2.3-32.508C43.144,25.228,56.548,19.214,65.766,16.04c0.482-0.167,1.002-0.069,1.386,0.275 c0.177,0.157,0.58,0.599,0.432,1.307c-1.906,8.854,0.727,17.915,2.299,23.339l0.088,0.295c0.354,1.189,0.629,2.133,0.747,2.83 c1.11,5.857,3.705,19.575-6.496,27.712c-5.493,4.383-10.937,6.623-16.195,6.673C42.741,62.07,52.372,43.811,55.457,38.593z"></path></g></svg></span> </figure> <h3>Sustainable solutions</h3> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/research/digitalization/" class="child-5"> <figure class="r_area-icon" style="max-width: 50px;"> <i class="zmdi zmdi-code" aria-hidden="true"></i> </figure> <h3>Digitalisation</h3> </a> <a href="https://nilu.com/research/monitoring/" class="child-6"> <figure class="r_area-icon" style="max-width: 50px;"> <span class="noun-project"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><path d="M82.934,49.999c0-0.021-0.002-0.04-0.003-0.061C82.898,31.807,68.139,17.066,50,17.066s-32.897,14.74-32.93,32.872 c0,0.021-0.002,0.04-0.002,0.061h0c0,0.03,0.003,0.061,0.004,0.091C17.12,68.207,31.872,82.933,50,82.933 c18.139,0,32.898-14.742,32.931-32.873C82.932,50.039,82.934,50.02,82.934,49.999z M59.499,57.859 c1.771-2.137,2.837-4.876,2.837-7.86S61.27,44.275,59.5,42.14c7.043,1.288,13.533,3.989,18.721,7.859 C73.033,53.869,66.543,56.57,59.499,57.859z M50.003,79.312c-0.007,0-0.014,0.002-0.021,0.002c-0.848-0.014-2.243-2.394-3.455-7.043 c1.148,0.095,2.306,0.147,3.472,0.147c1.159,0,2.312-0.052,3.452-0.146C52.243,76.91,50.852,79.289,50.003,79.312z M50,68.801 c-1.464,0-2.897-0.083-4.297-0.234c-0.36-1.907-0.676-4.076-0.929-6.482c1.715,0.158,3.448,0.248,5.193,0.249 c0.012,0,0.022,0.002,0.033,0.002s0.021-0.002,0.031-0.002c1.742-0.001,3.47-0.09,5.182-0.248c-0.253,2.414-0.574,4.571-0.935,6.483 C52.885,68.718,51.458,68.801,50,68.801z M21.781,49.999c5.188-3.87,11.678-6.571,18.72-7.858c-1.77,2.135-2.836,4.875-2.836,7.858 c0,2.984,1.066,5.724,2.836,7.859C33.458,56.57,26.968,53.869,21.781,49.999z M49.982,20.684c0.007,0,0.014,0.002,0.021,0.002 c0.849,0.022,2.24,2.401,3.449,7.041C52.311,27.633,51.159,27.58,50,27.58c-1.167,0-2.325,0.053-3.474,0.148 C47.737,23.074,49.134,20.697,49.982,20.684z M50,31.196c1.458,0,2.885,0.083,4.278,0.232c0.36,1.908,0.677,4.076,0.93,6.483 c-1.72-0.158-3.457-0.248-5.207-0.248H50c0,0,0,0-0.001,0c-1.756,0-3.499,0.09-5.225,0.25c0.253-2.408,0.571-4.575,0.931-6.484 C47.104,31.279,48.536,31.196,50,31.196z M71.099,41.841c-0.3-1.767-0.694-3.474-1.176-5.112c4.019,2.547,6.966,5.717,8.404,8.951 C76.085,44.211,73.663,42.926,71.099,41.841z M67.149,40.363c-2.668-0.873-5.449-1.548-8.307-2.001 c-0.209-2.128-0.479-4.274-0.824-6.347c2.605,0.537,5.056,1.314,7.297,2.284C66.063,36.188,66.684,38.216,67.149,40.363z M57.269,28.217c-0.535-2.334-1.187-4.464-1.977-6.225c2.974,1.473,5.624,4.127,7.736,7.639 C61.175,29.036,59.248,28.56,57.269,28.217z M44.721,21.919c-0.805,1.776-1.471,3.933-2.014,6.302 c-2.02,0.352-3.984,0.842-5.871,1.454C38.981,26.092,41.686,23.387,44.721,21.919z M41.962,32.02 c-0.346,2.072-0.621,4.219-0.829,6.346c-2.887,0.46-5.697,1.145-8.39,2.031c0.461-2.133,1.068-4.158,1.808-6.037 C36.823,33.365,39.312,32.566,41.962,32.02z M28.793,41.887c-2.525,1.074-4.911,2.346-7.121,3.794 c1.425-3.204,4.332-6.345,8.293-8.879C29.489,38.434,29.09,40.129,28.793,41.887z M28.797,58.113 c0.295,1.75,0.678,3.446,1.151,5.072c-3.953-2.533-6.854-5.67-8.277-8.869C23.884,55.767,26.271,57.037,28.797,58.113z M32.734,59.598c2.697,0.89,5.512,1.575,8.404,2.035c0.208,2.127,0.477,4.273,0.823,6.345c-2.647-0.547-5.132-1.344-7.402-2.336 C33.816,63.758,33.196,61.738,32.734,59.598z M42.71,71.778c0.54,2.356,1.2,4.504,2,6.274c-3.025-1.466-5.718-4.156-7.858-7.725 C38.734,70.938,40.695,71.428,42.71,71.778z M55.293,78.004c0.789-1.761,1.441-3.889,1.977-6.223 c1.979-0.343,3.903-0.819,5.755-1.413C60.912,73.877,58.265,76.533,55.293,78.004z M58.019,67.982 c0.346-2.073,0.615-4.219,0.824-6.347c2.861-0.454,5.646-1.129,8.316-2.004c-0.465,2.146-1.087,4.174-1.834,6.062 C63.081,66.665,60.627,67.444,58.019,67.982z M71.097,58.158c2.565-1.086,4.988-2.371,7.23-3.84 c-1.438,3.233-4.385,6.404-8.403,8.951C70.404,61.631,70.797,59.923,71.097,58.158z M76.275,37.018 c-2.297-2.082-5.087-3.921-8.223-5.409c-1.337-2.982-2.991-5.61-4.887-7.791C68.835,26.68,73.452,31.326,76.275,37.018z M36.642,23.916c-1.867,2.172-3.491,4.794-4.81,7.75c-3.088,1.479-5.84,3.297-8.108,5.354 C26.515,31.392,31.061,26.787,36.642,23.916z M23.725,62.979c2.267,2.056,5.016,3.872,8.102,5.35 c1.321,2.962,2.952,5.582,4.824,7.757C31.065,73.216,26.517,68.609,23.725,62.979z M63.161,76.183 c1.892-2.176,3.538-4.808,4.874-7.784c3.143-1.489,5.939-3.332,8.24-5.418C73.451,68.674,68.832,73.32,63.161,76.183z"></path></svg></span> </figure> <h3>Monitoring</h3> </a> </div> </section> <section class="publications"> <h2>Latest publications</h2> <div class="publications-cards"> <div class="publications-card pub-0"> <p class="pub-cat">Scientific journal publication</p> <a href="https://nilu.com/publication/2361081/">2000 years of climate, environmental, and societal variability in southeastern Norway from the annually laminated sediments of Lake Sagtjernet</a> </div> <div class="publications-card pub-1"> <p class="pub-cat">Scientific journal publication</p> <a href="https://nilu.com/publication/2287510/">Task Offloading Optimization for UAV-Aided NOMA Networks With Coexistence of Near-Field and Far-Field Communications</a> </div> <div class="publications-card pub-2"> <p class="pub-cat">Report</p> <a href="https://nilu.com/publication/2367246/">Statusrapport 2024. Nasjonalt referanselaboratorium for luftkvalitetsmålinger</a> </div> <div class="publications-card pub-3"> <p class="pub-cat">Scientific journal publication</p> <a href="https://nilu.com/publication/2293286/">Towards reliable data: Validation of a machine learning-based approach for microplastics analysis in marine organisms using Nile red staining</a> </div> <div class="publications-card pub-4"> <p class="pub-cat">Report</p> <a href="https://nilu.com/publication/2292643/">Assessment of transboundary pollution with heavy metals and POPs</a> </div> <div class="publications-card pub-5"> <p class="pub-cat">Scientific journal publication</p> <a href="https://nilu.com/publication/2290101/">Revealing the significant acceleration of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions in eastern Asia through long-term atmospheric observations</a> </div> </div> <a href="https://nilu.com/publications/" class="btn btn-primary"> <i class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> See all publications </a> </main> </div> <footer id="footer" class="site-footer"> <section id="footer-info" class="site-footer-info"> <div class="site-footer-info-col-1"> <h2>NILU</h2> <p>NILU is an independent, non profit research institute established in 1969.</p> <p>NILU is ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015 certified</p> <p>Legal name:<br /> Stiftelsen NILU<br /> Org. no. 941 705 561</p> <div class="site-footer-info-some"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NILUresearch/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-classic fa-brands fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://no.linkedin.com/company/nilu" target="_blank"><i class="fa-classic fa-brands fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nilu.no/" target="_blank"><i class="fa-classic fa-brands fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN5ZP0uaX6KNVmJUm_LhPyw/videos" target="_blank"><i class="fa-classic fa-brands fa-youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer-info-col-2"> <h2>Contact us</h2> <p>› <a href="https://nilu.com/contact-nilu/employees/">Find employees</a><br /> › <a href="https://nilu.com/contact-us/">Contact NILU</a><br /> › <a href="https://nilu.com/about-nilu/">About NILU</a></p> <p><strong>Post:</strong> PO Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, NORWAY<br /> <strong>Visit:</strong> Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway<br /> <strong>Opening hours:</strong> Monday – Friday 08.30 – 15.30</p> <p><strong>Switchboard:</strong> +47 63 89 80 00<br /> <strong>E-mail:</strong> <a href="mailto:nilu@nilu.no">nilu@nilu.no</a></p> </div> <div class="site-footer-info-col-3"> <div class="site-footer-info-col-3-box"> <div class="box-icon"> <i class="zmdi zmdi-account-calendar" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> <div class="box-info"> <h2>Work at NILU?</h2> <p><a href="https://nilu.com/career-in-nilu/vacant-positions/">See our vacancies here.</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="footer-logos" class="site-footer-logos"> <div class="site-footer-logos-container"> <div class="site-footer-logos-container-inner"> <div class="child-1"> <p style="padding-left: 17px;">NILU</p> <p style="padding-left: 17px;">Part of NORIN</p> </div> <a class="child-2" href="https://norin.no/" target="_blank"> <figure> <img src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/images/norin_logo.png" alt="NORIN Logo"> </figure> </a> <p class="child-3">Collaborators</p> <div class="partners child-4"> <a href="https://www.ciens.no/" target="_blank"> <figure> <img src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/images/ciens_logo.svg" alt=""> </figure> </a> <a href="https://framsenteret.no/" rel="home" class="framsenteret"> <figure> <img src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/images/framsenteret_hvit.png" alt=""> </figure> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="byline" class="site-footer-byline"> <ul> <li>NILU © 2025 – All rights reserved</li> <li id="menu-item-14041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14041"><a href="https://nilu.com/about-nilu/nilus-privacy-policy/">NILU’s privacy policy</a></li> <li>Design & Development: <a href="//gnistdesign.no" target="_blank">Gnist</a></li> </ul> </section> </footer> </div> <nav id="mobile-navigation" class="secondary-navigation"> <div> <ul id = "mobile-menu" class = "nav-menu"><li id="menu-item-7346" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home current-menu-item page_item page-item-3226 current_page_item menu-item-7346"><a href="https://nilu.com/" aria-current="page">Home</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7347"><a href="https://nilu.com/about-nilu/">About NILU</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7352"><a href="https://nilu.com/research/">Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7351"><a href="https://nilu.com/environmental-solutions-for-industry/">Environmental solutions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7349"><a href="https://nilu.com/contact-nilu/employees/">Employees</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7350"><a href="https://nilu.com/services/laboratory-services/">Laboratory services</a></li> <li id="menu-item-47502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type_archive menu-item-object-publication menu-item-47502"><a href="https://nilu.com/publications/">Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-11695" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11695"><a href="https://nilu.com/contact-nilu/">Contact NILU</a></li> </ul> <footer class="menu-footer"> <p class="langswitch"><a href="https://nilu.no/">NO</a></p> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://nilu.com/"> <label for="search-form-67f2425cd6626"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <div class="input-group"> <input type="search" id="search-form-67f2425cd6626" class="form-control search-field" placeholder="What are you looking for?" value="" name="s" required="required" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary search-submit" value="Search"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </span> </div> </form> </footer> </div> </nav> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"d. MM yy","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/js/min/theme-navigation.min.js?ver=1.4.8" id="theme-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.datatables.net/plug-ins/1.10.21/filtering/type-based/accent-neutralise.js?ver=1.10.21" id="datatablesaccentneutralise-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="nilu-func-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var st_params = {"menu_url":"https:\/\/nilu.com\/","menu_title":"NILU"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://nilu.com/wp-content/themes/nilu/assets/js/min/nilu-func-min.js?ver=1.4.8" id="nilu-func-js"></script> <script>var FWP_HTTP = FWP_HTTP || {}; FWP_HTTP.lang = 'en';</script> </body> </html>