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id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Prelude subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgian_defensive_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgian_defensive_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Belgian defensive preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgian_defensive_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_offensive_preparations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_offensive_preparations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>German offensive preparations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_offensive_preparations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_plan_of_attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_plan_of_attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>German plan of attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_plan_of_attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siege</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Siege-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Siege subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Siege-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bombardment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bombardment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bombardment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bombardment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Attack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C3%A8ge_de_Namur_(1914)" title="Siège de Namur (1914) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siège de Namur (1914)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%AE%88%EB%A5%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%84%B1%EC%A0%84" title="나뮈르 공성전 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나뮈르 공성전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(1914)" title="Նամյուրի պաշարում (1914) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նամյուրի պաշարում (1914)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assedio_di_Namur_(1914)" title="Assedio di Namur (1914) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Assedio di Namur (1914)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerco_de_Namur" title="Cerco de Namur – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cerco de Namur" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B0_(1914)" title="Осада Намюра (1914) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Осада Намюра (1914)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cu%E1%BB%99c_v%C3%A2y_h%C3%A3m_Namur_(1914)" title="Cuộc vây hãm Namur (1914) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cuộc vây hãm Namur (1914)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10751243#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1914 battle of the German invasion of Belgium during WWI</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the battle in 1914 during the First World War. For other battles, see <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Namur_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Siege of Namur (disambiguation)">Siege of Namur</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Siege of Namur</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Defences_of_Namur,_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Defences_of_Namur%2C_1914.jpg/300px-Defences_of_Namur%2C_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Defences_of_Namur%2C_1914.jpg/450px-Defences_of_Namur%2C_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Defences_of_Namur%2C_1914.jpg/600px-Defences_of_Namur%2C_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="696" /></a></span><br />Map of the city and <a href="/wiki/Fortified_Position_of_Namur" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified Position of Namur">Fortified Position of Namur</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>20–25 August 1914</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&params=50_28_N_04_52_E_type:event_region:BE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°28′N</span> <span class="longitude">04°52′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.467°N 4.867°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.467; 4.867</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> German victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Karl von Bülow">Karl von Bülow</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Hausen" title="Max von Hausen">Max von Hausen</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Augustin_%C3%89douard_Michel_du_Faing_d%27Aigremont" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustin Édouard Michel du Faing d'Aigremont">Édouard Michel</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 107,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 35,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 300 killed, 600 wounded or missing</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 15,000</span><br />(including 6,700 <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POW</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media 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div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Namur is located in Belgium"><img alt="Namur is located in Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/200px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/300px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/400px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="988" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.269%;left:56.745%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Namur"><img alt="Namur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Namur</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_location_map.svg" title="File:Belgium location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Namur in the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Namur" title="Arrondissement of Namur">Arrondissement of Namur</a>, Belgium</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_Front" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Western Front (World War I)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Front" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1914</b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Capture_of_Moresnet" class="mw-redirect" title="German Capture of Moresnet">Moresnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">Invasion of Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dinant" title="Battle of Dinant">Dinant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Namur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Frontiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lorraine" title="Battle of Lorraine">Lorraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ardennes" title="Battle of the Ardennes">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charleroi" title="Battle of Charleroi">Charleroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mons" title="Battle of Mons">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trou%C3%A9e_de_Charmes" title="Battle of the Trouée de Charmes">Trouée de Charmes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat" title="Great Retreat">Great Retreat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Le_Cateau" title="Battle of Le Cateau">Le Cateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rearguard_Affair_of_%C3%89treux" title="Rearguard Affair of Étreux">Étreux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1914)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1914)">1st St. Quentin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Maubeuge" title="Siege of Maubeuge">Maubeuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">1st Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="First Battle of the Aisne">1st Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yser" title="Battle of the Yser">Yser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">1st Ypres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_operations_1914%E2%80%931915" title="Winter operations 1914–1915">Winter actions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Artois" title="First Battle of Artois">1st Artois</a></li></ul> <p><b>1915</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Champagne" title="First Battle of Champagne">1st Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hartmannswillerkopf" title="Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf">Hartmannswillerkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Neuve_Chapelle" title="Battle of Neuve Chapelle">Neuve Chapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">2nd Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">2nd Artois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_H%C3%A9buterne" title="Battle of Hébuterne">Hébuterne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">2nd Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Artois" title="Third Battle of Artois">3rd Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_phosgene_attack_(19_December_1915)" class="mw-redirect" title="German phosgene attack (19 December 1915)">Gas: Wieltje</a></li></ul> <p><b>1916</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_the_Bluff,_1916" title="Actions of the Bluff, 1916">The Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Redoubt_action,_2%E2%80%9318_March_1916" title="Hohenzollern Redoubt action, 2–18 March 1916">Hohenzollern Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_of_St_Eloi_Craters" title="Actions of St Eloi Craters">St Eloi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Hulluch" title="Gas attacks at Hulluch">Hulluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_attacks_at_Wulverghem" title="Gas attacks at Wulverghem">Wulverghem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_the_Kink_Salient" title="Loss of the Kink Salient">Kink Salient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_attack_on_Vimy_Ridge" title="German attack on Vimy Ridge">Vimy Ridge 1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mont_Sorrel" title="Battle of Mont Sorrel">Mont Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Boar%27s_Head" title="Battle of the Boar's Head">Boar's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">1st Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_at_Fromelles" title="Attack at Fromelles">Fromelles</a></li></ul> <p><b>1917</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operations_on_the_Ancre,_January%E2%80%93March_1917" title="Operations on the Ancre, January–March 1917">Ancre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alberich" title="Operation Alberich"><i>Alberich</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivelle_offensive" title="Nivelle offensive">Nivelle offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge" title="Battle of Vimy Ridge">Vimy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Second Battle of the Aisne">2nd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hills" title="Battle of the Hills">The Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messines_(1917)" title="Battle of Messines (1917)">Messines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Passchendaele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Cambrai</a></li></ul> <p><b>1918</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Michael" title="Operation Michael"><i>Michael</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_(1918)" title="Battle of the Lys (1918)">The Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Aisne" title="Third Battle of the Aisne">3rd Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belleau_Wood" title="Battle of Belleau Wood">Belleau Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">2nd Marne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Soissons_(1918)" title="Battle of Soissons (1918)">Soissons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amiens_(1918)" title="Battle of Amiens (1918)">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Ailette" title="Battle of the Ailette">Ailette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Second Battle of the Somme">2nd Somme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint-Mihiel" title="Battle of Saint-Mihiel">Saint-Mihiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St_Quentin_Canal" title="Battle of St Quentin Canal">St Quentin Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse-Argonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Fifth Battle of Ypres">5th Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1918)">2nd Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Courtrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Courtrai (1918)">Courtrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sambre_(1918)" title="Battle of the Sambre (1918)">Sambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lys_and_the_Escaut" title="Battle of the Lys and the Escaut">Lys and Escaut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">1914 Christmas truce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_French_Army_mutinies" title="1917 French Army mutinies">French Army mutinies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_tactics,_1917" title="Western Front tactics, 1917">Western Front tactics, 1917</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Military_Operations:_Belgium_and_northern_France_1914" title="Template:Campaignbox Military Operations: Belgium and northern France 1914"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Military_Operations:_Belgium_and_northern_France_1914" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Military Operations: Belgium and northern France 1914"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Military_Operations:_Belgium_and_northern_France_1914" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Military Operations: Belgium and northern France 1914"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)"><span class="wrap">German invasion of Belgium (1914)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Battles</b> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Halen" title="Battle of Halen">Haelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Liège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dinant" title="Battle of Dinant">Dinant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Namur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">Antwerp</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Nete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Nete (page does not exist)">Nete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buggenhout" title="Battle of Buggenhout">Buggenhout</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yser" title="Battle of the Yser">Yser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">1st Ypres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres#Battle_of_Langemarck" title="First Battle of Ypres">Langemarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres#Battle_of_Gheluvelt" title="First Battle of Ypres">Gheluvelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres#Battle_of_Nonne_Bosschen" title="First Battle of Ypres">Nonne Bosschen</a></li></ul></li> <hr /> <p><b>Associated articles</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">German occupation of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">German occupation of Luxembourg</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>siege of Namur</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">siège de Namur</i>) was a battle between <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> forces around the fortified city of <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Namur was defended by a ring of modern fortresses, known as the <a href="/wiki/Fortified_Position_of_Namur" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified Position of Namur">Fortified Position of Namur</a> and guarded by the 4th Division of the Belgian Army. The purpose of the fortified Belgian cities was to delay an invasion force until troops from the states guaranteeing Belgian independence came to their aid. The French <a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(France)" title="5th Army (France)">Fifth Army</a> planned to counter-attack while the Germans were besieging Namur. </p><p>The German <a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(German_Empire)" title="2nd Army (German Empire)">2nd Army</a> arrived in force on 20 August 1914 and used the experience gained from the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Battle of Liège</a> <span class="nowrap">(4–16 August)</span>. The Germans did not attempt a <i><a href="/wiki/Coup_de_main" title="Coup de main">coup de main</a></i> but waited until the next day and bombarded the forts using super-heavy siege artillery and four batteries on loan from Austria-Hungary. The forts were destroyed by the bombardment, some being demolished by conventional heavy artillery rather than the siege guns, due to flaws in the concrete protection encasing the forts. In contrast to Liège, the Germans reduced the forts while suffering very few casualties. </p><p>The defeat of the Fifth Army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Charleroi" title="Battle of Charleroi">Battle of Charleroi</a> on 21 August prevented the French from advancing further and only one <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> reached Namur as reinforcement. As it became clear that additional relief forces would not arrive, on 23 August survivors of the Belgian 4th Division withdrew southwards to join the Fifth Army near <a href="/wiki/Saint-G%C3%A9rard" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Gérard">Saint-Gérard</a>. The last of the Namur forts surrendered on 25 August. The 4th Division troops eventually joined the Belgian field army at Antwerp during its <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antwerp_(1914)" title="Siege of Antwerp (1914)">siege</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategic_developments">Strategic developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Strategic developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgium">Belgium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Army_order_of_battle_(1914)" title="Belgian Army order of battle (1914)">Belgian Army order of battle (1914)</a></div> <p>Belgian military planning was based on an assumption that other powers would eject an invader but the likelihood of a German invasion did not lead to France and Britain being seen as allies or for the Belgian government intending to do more than protect its independence. The <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Entente" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-French Entente">Anglo-French Entente</a> (1904) had led the Belgians to perceive that the British attitude to Belgium had changed and that it was seen as a British protectorate. A General Staff was formed in 1910 but the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Chef d'État-Major Général de l'Armée</i></span>, Lieutenant-Général Harry Jungbluth was retired on 30 June 1912 and not replaced until May 1914 by Lieutenant-General Chevalier de Selliers de Moranville, who began planning for the concentration of the army and met railway officials on 29 July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001209–211_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001209–211-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_War_1_Headlines_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/World_War_1_Headlines_R01.jpg/220px-World_War_1_Headlines_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/World_War_1_Headlines_R01.jpg/330px-World_War_1_Headlines_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/World_War_1_Headlines_R01.jpg/440px-World_War_1_Headlines_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5284" data-file-height="3342" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Headline in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Soir" title="Le Soir">Le Soir</a></i>, 4 August 1914</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Belgian troops were to be massed in central Belgium, in front of the <a href="/wiki/National_redoubt_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="National redoubt of Belgium">National redoubt of Belgium</a> ready to face any border, while the <a href="/wiki/Fortified_Position_of_Li%C3%A8ge" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified Position of Liège">Fortified Position of Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fortified_Position_of_Namur" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified Position of Namur">Fortified Position of Namur</a> were left to secure the frontiers. On mobilization, the King became Commander-in-Chief and chose where the army was to concentrate. Amid the disruption of the new rearmament plan, the disorganised and poorly trained Belgian soldiers would benefit from a central position, to delay contact with an invader but it would also need fortifications for defence, which were on the frontier. A school of thought wanted a return to a frontier deployment in line with French theories of the offensive. Belgian plans became a compromise in which the field army concentrated behind the <a href="/wiki/Gete" title="Gete">Gete</a> river with two divisions forward at Liège and Namur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001209–211_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001209–211-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/German_Army_order_of_battle_(1914)" title="German Army order of battle (1914)">German Army order of battle (1914)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_advance_through_Belgium,_August_1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/German_advance_through_Belgium%2C_August_1914.png/220px-German_advance_through_Belgium%2C_August_1914.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/German_advance_through_Belgium%2C_August_1914.png/330px-German_advance_through_Belgium%2C_August_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/German_advance_through_Belgium%2C_August_1914.png/440px-German_advance_through_Belgium%2C_August_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map showing the German advance through Belgium, after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Battle of Liège</a> in early August 1914</div></figcaption></figure> <p>German strategy had given priority to offensive operations against France and a defensive posture against Russia since 1891. German planning was determined by numerical inferiority, the speed of mobilisation and concentration and the effect of the vast increase of the power of modern weapons. Frontal attacks were expected to be costly and protracted, leading to limited success, particularly after the French and Russians modernised their fortifications on the frontiers with Germany. <a href="/wiki/Alfred_von_Schlieffen" title="Alfred von Schlieffen">Alfred von Schlieffen</a>, Chief of the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial</a> <a href="/wiki/German_General_Staff" title="German General Staff">German General Staff</a>) from <span class="nowrap">1891–1906,</span> devised a plan to evade the French frontier fortifications with an offensive on the northern flank, which would have a local numerical superiority and obtain rapidly a decisive victory. By <span class="nowrap">1898–1899,</span> such a manoeuvre was intended to pass swiftly through Belgium, between Antwerp and Namur and threaten Paris from the north.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker201366,_69_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker201366,_69-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Helmuth_von_Moltke_the_Younger" title="Helmuth von Moltke the Younger">Helmuth von Moltke the Younger</a> succeeded Schlieffen in 1906 and was less certain that the French would conform to German assumptions. Moltke adapted the deployment and concentration plan to accommodate an attack in the centre or an enveloping attack from both flanks as variants, by adding divisions to the left flank opposite the French frontier, from the <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1,700,000 men</span> which were expected to be mobilised in the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Westheer</i></span> (western army). The main German force would still advance through Belgium to attack southwards into France, the French armies would be enveloped on their left and pressed back over the Meuse, Aisne, Somme, Oise, Marne and Seine rivers, unable to withdraw into central France. The French would either be annihilated by the manoeuvre from the north or it would create conditions for victory in the centre or in Lorraine on the common border.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001190,_172–173,_178_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001190,_172–173,_178-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactical_developments">Tactical developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tactical developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Namur_forts">Namur forts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Namur forts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fortified_Position_of_Namur#The_Namur_fortress_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified Position of Namur">The Namur fortress ring</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triangular_Brialmont_fort,_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Triangular_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg/220px-Triangular_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Triangular_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg/330px-Triangular_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Triangular_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg/440px-Triangular_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Triangular Brialmont fort, 1914</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The Meuse valley was a route by which France or Germany could be invaded and after the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Henri_Alexis_Brialmont" title="Henri Alexis Brialmont">Henri Alexis Brialmont</a> fortified the valley at Liège and Namur, to deter France and Germany from violating Belgian sovereignty. The Fortified Position of Namur (FPN) was built from <span class="nowrap">1888–1892,</span> about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) from the centre of Namur, to a standard design of triangular and quadrilateral shapes, to minimize the number of defensive batteries in the fort ditches, with the point facing outwards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell20078_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell20078-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the left bank of the Meuse lay the modernised forts of <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Malonne" title="Fort de Malonne">Fort de Malonne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Saint-H%C3%A9ribert" title="Fort de Saint-Héribert">Fort de Saint-Héribert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Suarl%C3%A9e" title="Fort de Suarlée">Fort de Suarlée</a>, the unmodernised <a href="/wiki/Fort_d%27Emines" title="Fort d'Emines">Fort d'Emines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Cognel%C3%A9e" title="Fort de Cognelée">Fort de Cognelée</a> and the modernized <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Marchovelette" title="Fort de Marchovelette">Fort de Marchovelette</a>. On the right bank were <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Maizeret" title="Fort de Maizeret">Fort de Maizeret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_d%27Andoy" title="Fort d'Andoy">Fort d'Andoy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Dave" title="Fort de Dave">Fort de Dave</a>, all modernized. The obsolete <a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Namur" title="Citadel of Namur">Citadel of Namur</a> in the town became redundant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuelinckxMalchair2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuelinckxMalchair2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The forts were built of non-reinforced <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> but this could only be poured in daylight, which caused weak joints between each pour. A <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a> was built and covered by 3–4 metres (9.8–13.1 ft) of concrete; <a href="/wiki/Caserne" class="mw-redirect" title="Caserne">caserne</a> walls which were less vulnerable, had concrete of 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) thickness, inside a defended ditch 8 metres (26 ft) wide. The entrance had a long access ramp at the rear facing Namur, protected by a <a href="/wiki/Tambour" title="Tambour">tambour</a> with gun embrasures perpendicular to the entry, a rolling drawbridge retracting laterally over a 3.5 metres (11 ft) pit equipped with grenade launchers, an entrance grille and a 57-millimetre (2.2 in) gun firing along the axis of the gate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200745–48_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200745–48-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forts at Liège and Namur had <span class="nowrap">171 heavy guns,</span> with each fort equipped with <span class="nowrap">5–8 <a href="/wiki/Krupp" title="Krupp">Krupp</a></span> guns of 120-millimetre (4.7 in), 150-millimetre (5.9 in) and <a href="/wiki/21_cm_Haubitze_M1891" title="21 cm Haubitze M1891">210-millimetre (8.3 in)</a> <a href="/wiki/Calibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Calibre">calibre</a>, which were the most modern armaments available in 1888, mounted in retractable armoured steel turrets made in France, Belgium and Germany. Three smaller retractable turrets were built in the triangular forts and four in the quadrilateral forts, with 57-millimetre (2.2 in) guns for short-range defence and <span class="nowrap">6–9 more</span> 57-millimetre (2.2 in) guns were mounted in <a href="/wiki/Casemates" class="mw-redirect" title="Casemates">casemates</a> to defend the ditches.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentagonal_Brialmont_fort,_1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pentagonal_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg/220px-Pentagonal_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pentagonal_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg/330px-Pentagonal_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pentagonal_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg/440px-Pentagonal_Brialmont_fort%2C_1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Pentagonal Brialmont fort, 1914</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The forts of the FPN were built to withstand bombardment by 210-millimetre (8.3 in) artillery and were equipped with steam-powered electrical generating plant for lights, pumps and searchlights at a cost 29 million francs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200752_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200752-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forts had a weaker side to the rear, to allow them to be recaptured by Belgian forces counter-attacking from the rear. Barracks and support facilities were built on the rear side, using the rear ditch for light and ventilation of living spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Provision had been made for the daily needs of the fortress troops but the latrines, showers, kitchens and the morgue had been built in the <a href="/wiki/Counterscarp" title="Counterscarp">counterscarp</a>, which could become untenable if fumes from exploding shells collected in the living quarters and support areas as the forts were ventilated naturally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200736_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200736-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each fort had a detachment of infantry, to sortie from the fort to engage an attacker.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200732_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200732-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Liège,_4–16_August"><span id="Battle_of_Li.C3.A8ge.2C_4.E2.80.9316_August"></span>Battle of Liège, 4–16 August</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battle of Liège, 4–16 August"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Battle of Liège">Battle of Liège</a></div> <p>The Battle of Liège was the first engagement in the German invasion of Belgium and the first battle of World War I. The attack on the city began on 5 August 1914 and lasted until 16 August, when the last fort was surrendered. Railways needed by the German armies in eastern Belgium, were closed during the early part of the siege and by the morning of 17 August, the German First, Second and Third Armies were free to resume their advance to the French frontier. The Belgian field army withdrew from the Gete towards Antwerp from <span class="nowrap">18–20 August</span> and Brussels was captured unopposed on 20 August. The siege of Liège lasted for eleven days, rather than the two days anticipated by the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192633_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192633-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_B%C3%BClow" title="Karl von Bülow">Karl von Bülow</a> the German <a href="/wiki/2nd_Army_(German_Empire)" title="2nd Army (German Empire)">Second Army</a> commander, established <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Angriffsgruppe Namur</i></span> under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Gallwitz" title="Max von Gallwitz">Max von Gallwitz</a> with the Guard Reserve Corps, XI Corps taken from the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Army_(German_Empire)" title="3rd Army (German Empire)">Third Army</a> of General <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Hausen" title="Max von Hausen">Max von Hausen</a> and a division of the VII Reserve Corps, with <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 107,000 men</span> which advanced on Namur on 16 August and appeared in strength before Namur on 20 August. The 3rd Army guarded the southern flank along the Meuse and the 2nd Army attacked towards <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, which prevented all but one French regiment from reaching Namur to reinforce the garrison.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyng200799_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyng200799-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgian_defensive_preparations">Belgian defensive preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Belgian defensive preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diagram_interior_of_Brialmont_fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Diagram_interior_of_Brialmont_fort.jpg/220px-Diagram_interior_of_Brialmont_fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Diagram_interior_of_Brialmont_fort.jpg/330px-Diagram_interior_of_Brialmont_fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Diagram_interior_of_Brialmont_fort.jpg/440px-Diagram_interior_of_Brialmont_fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Diagram of the interior of a Brialmont fort</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Namur was garrisoned by about <span class="nowrap">37,000 fortress</span> troops and infantry of the Belgian 4th Division under the command of General <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustin Michel">Augustin Michel</a>. The Belgians intended to hold the Fortified Position of Namur until relieved by the French <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Army (France)">Fifth Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyng200799_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyng200799-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belgian and German cavalry skirmished to the north of Namur on 5 August and to the south-east two days later. On 19 August the Belgian 8th Brigade at Huy, blew the bridge over the Meuse and retired to Namur, as the German Guard Reserve Corps and XI Corps appeared from the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_offensive_preparations">German offensive preparations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: German offensive preparations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Namur_Belgium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Namur_Belgium.jpg/220px-Namur_Belgium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Namur_Belgium.jpg/330px-Namur_Belgium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Namur_Belgium.jpg/440px-Namur_Belgium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">View of the city of Namur, c. 1900</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Bülow ordered General von Gallwitz, commander of the Guard Reserve Corps, to lead the attack on Namur with <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Angriffsgruppe Namur</i></span>, while the 3rd Army guarded against an attack by the Allies between Namur and <a href="/wiki/Givet" title="Givet">Givet</a>. The super-heavy artillery and engineer units from Liège were sent to Namur along the Meuse valley and the experience gained in the operation against the Fortified Position of Liège, led the attacking troops to take the shortest routes to Namur, which brought the Guard Reserve Corps to the north bank of the Meuse and the XI Corps to the south bank. Bülow arrived at the headquarters of Gallwitz on 20 August and insisted that the 1st Guard Reserve Division move further round to the north and north-west of Namur, to protect the left flank of the 2nd Army as it wheeled around the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207,_209_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207,_209-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division was to cross the river at <a href="/wiki/Andenne" title="Andenne">Andenne</a> but "Belgian civilians" delayed the passage in street fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 3rd Guard Division was delayed at Hingeon and by a Belgian counter-attack from <a href="/wiki/Cognel%C3%A9e" title="Cognelée">Cognelée</a>. On the south bank XI Corps repulsed Belgian attacks and reached its assembly areas and established a flank guard at Florée. The German artillery arrived late and so the bombardment was postponed until 21 August. The terrain on the south-east front was found to be unsuitable for an attack and the 38th Division was ordered forward to Haltinne and the 22nd Division took over the front of attack, on the south bank of the Meuse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207,_209_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207,_209-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_plan_of_attack">German plan of attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: German plan of attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a reconnaissance on 19 August, Gallwitz decided that a <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Coup_de_main" title="Coup de main">coup de main</a></i></span> was impossible and chose to attack the north-eastern front of the fortress with the 3rd Guard Division between Hingeon and Vezin and the eastern side by the XI Corps, with the 1st Guard Reserve Division in reserve at Andenne. The siege artillery was to be emplaced in the sectors opposite forts Marchovlette, Maizeret and Andoy. As the infantry arrived from Héron, Coutisse, Ohey and Hamois it was to assemble at <span class="nowrap">11:00 a.m.,</span> on a line from Franc to Waret, Vezin, Sclayn, <a href="/wiki/Strud" title="Strud">Strud</a> and Les Tombs; in the afternoon the artillery was to commence the bombardment. A plan arrived from OHL the same day, with a dossier on the forts and the garrison but Gallwitz chose to conduct the operation according to open warfare techniques rather than pre-war thinking about siege warfare. Air reconnaissance detected Belgian troops at Cognelée and pontoon bridges at Vépion and Arrêt, either side of Namur and railway traffic to the south-west heading for the fortress. The Belgians had used the time taken by the siege of Liège to build field fortifications between the forts, particularly on the most vulnerable parts of the perimeter from the north to the south-east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207–208_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207–208-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege">Siege</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Siege"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bombardment">Bombardment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bombardment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:01915_30.5_cm_M%C3%B6rser_bei_Brzezany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/01915_30.5_cm_M%C3%B6rser_bei_Brzezany.jpg/220px-01915_30.5_cm_M%C3%B6rser_bei_Brzezany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/01915_30.5_cm_M%C3%B6rser_bei_Brzezany.jpg/330px-01915_30.5_cm_M%C3%B6rser_bei_Brzezany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/01915_30.5_cm_M%C3%B6rser_bei_Brzezany.jpg/440px-01915_30.5_cm_M%C3%B6rser_bei_Brzezany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Austro-Hungarian 305 mm siege gun</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The bombardment on 21 August was interrupted by fog and by noon the artillery on the north-east and south-east fronts had only fired on forts Marchovelette, Maizeret, Andoy and the intervening ground. The Belgian reply had been meagre and the 1st Guard Reserve Division advanced to the area of Hemptinne and Meeffe. The 3rd Guard Division reached the edges of the villages of Marchovelette, Gelbressée and Wartet, the 22nd Division reached a line near Thon, Goyet and Faulx and the 38th Division reached Andenne. Scrutiny of the ground to the east and south-east of Namur found that it was full of steep ravines and unsuitable for attack, which led Gallwitz to reduce the attack there to a feint and ordered the 38th Division to move to the north bank by the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rainy weather hampered German photographic reconnaissance aircraft but the 1st Guard Reserve and 38th divisions were to make the main attack between Daussoulx and Gelbressée, as the 3rd Guard Division waited in reserve. The artillery was directed to commence firing on fort Cognelée. On 22 August the Belgian defenders made two counter-attacks and the 3rd Guard Division was drawn into fighting near Marchovelette, which disorganised the attack and led to a delay until the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bombardment continued, with the artillery commanders being certain that the effect had been devastating and the infantry commanders, engineers and air crews pointing out that return fire from the Belgian forts and intermediate positions had not diminished.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013209–211_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013209–211-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack">Attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dicke_Bertha.Big_Bertha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dicke_Bertha.Big_Bertha.jpg/220px-Dicke_Bertha.Big_Bertha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dicke_Bertha.Big_Bertha.jpg/330px-Dicke_Bertha.Big_Bertha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Dicke_Bertha.Big_Bertha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">420mm (16.5 inch) Type M-Gerät 14 Kurze Marine-Kanone</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Gallwitz ordered the attack to begin in the north-east and north on 23 August, under the command of Lieutenant-General von Plüskow the XI Corps commander. The siege artillery was to suppress the Belgian fortress artillery, as infantry and engineers attacked the intermediate defences supported by the medium and field artillery. After the first attack, the northern fringe of Namur was to be occupied up to the line of the Gembloux–Namur–Huy railway. Plüskow argued for a delay until it was certain that the bombardment of the forts had succeeded but Gallwitz refused. The attack began and by <span class="nowrap">9:30 a.m.</span> a report that the 3rd Guard Division had captured the defences east of fort Cognelée arrived and Plüskow ordered the rest of the units in his sector to attack. At <span class="nowrap">11:15 a.m.</span> the defences either side of fort Marchovelette fell and return fire from the fort and from fort Cognelée had ceased. Attacks began along the front towards Namur and the reserve of a brigade of the 1st Guard Reserve Division and a regiment of the 38th Division advanced along the Leuze–Namur road, as a flank guard against interference from forts Emines and Suarlée. Forts Cognelée and Marchovelette surrendered by mid-afternoon and the attack into the north of Namur reached the objective at <span class="nowrap">4:00 p.m.</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013211–212_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013211–212-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 14th Reserve Division attacked towards forts Emines and Suarlée to divert their fire from the main attack and the 22nd Division bombarded forts Maizeret and Andoy until the afternoon, when the infantry closed up to the intermediate positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013211–212_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013211–212-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <span class="nowrap">5:00 p.m.</span> Gallwitz sent an envoy to the Namur garrison commander, to demand the surrender of the town and remaining forts by <span class="nowrap">7:00 p.m.</span> or the town and citadel would be bombarded. Plüskow was ordered to be ready to begin barrage-fire to the south of Namur, to prevent reinforcements reaching the defenders or a retirement by the garrison. No reply was received by the deadline but to avoid a street battle during the night only a bombardment on the citadel and southern part of the town began. The bombardment ceased after fifteen minutes as some of the troops in the north of the town pressed on beyond the railway line. Gallwitz ordered the rest of the infantry to advance to the Sambre and Meuse, which was unopposed but as the infantry reached the river, all but a small bridge over the Sambre were blown. Troops in the town reported that the Belgian 4th Division had retreated to the south when the German attack had overrun the fortress line. During the night the German troops maintained their positions, ready to resume the attack in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013212–213_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013212–213-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German preparations to resume the attack on 24 August were complete by <span class="nowrap">5:00 a.m.</span> and the super-heavy artillery resumed the bombardment of forts Emine and Suarlée. Troops in the town repaired the bridges over the Meuse and Sambre. Fort Maizeret had fallen the day before to the 22nd Division and Gallwitz ordered the 38th Division to advance into the broken country to the south-west of Namur, to attack forts Malonne and St. Héribert. The 3rd Guard Division was to take the rest of the town and the 1st Guard Reserve Division was to guard the artillery positions north of the Meuse, as forts Emines and Suarlée were bombarded. The 14th Reserve Division was to prevent a breakout to the west or south-west and the 22nd Division was to take forts Andoy and Dave, then advance to the Meuse. The 3rd Guard Division took the rest of Namur during the morning and the fall of fort Andoy. Malonne was taken by <i>coup de main</i> and the 38th Division closed up to the fort. In the evening the 38th Division took fort St. Héribert and forts Emines, Dave and Suarlée were captured on 25 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013213–214_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013213–214-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THE_GERMAN_CAPTURE_OF_NAMUR_CITADEL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/THE_GERMAN_CAPTURE_OF_NAMUR_CITADEL.jpg/220px-THE_GERMAN_CAPTURE_OF_NAMUR_CITADEL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/THE_GERMAN_CAPTURE_OF_NAMUR_CITADEL.jpg/330px-THE_GERMAN_CAPTURE_OF_NAMUR_CITADEL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/THE_GERMAN_CAPTURE_OF_NAMUR_CITADEL.jpg/440px-THE_GERMAN_CAPTURE_OF_NAMUR_CITADEL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">German propaganda depiction of the fall of Namur</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The German Official Historians wrote in <i>Der Weltkrieg</i>, that the swift capture of Namur had made the French position in the angle of the Sambre and Meuse rivers untenable. The success was ascribed to the skill of Gallwitz, who reconciled the demands of open and siege warfare, with a plan which was far more effective than the methods used at Liège. The attack on Namur was faster, needed fewer troops and was less costly in casualties, despite the three weeks which the defenders had had to prepare their defences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans reversed the tactics used at Liège and waited for the siege train from Liège to bombard the forts, before attacking with infantry. Bombardment made the rear ditches of the forts untenable and the attackers were able to get between the forts and attack them from the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200736_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200736-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defenders were driven into the citadel, where there were insufficient sanitary facilities for <span class="nowrap">500 men</span> and the air became unbreathable, while the German artillery destroyed the forts with plunging fire from the super-heavy howitzers and from the rear. It was found to be impossible to make sorties from the forts under German artillery fire but <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 60% of</span> German shells and more for large pieces, missed the forts. The fortress guns were less powerful than the German guns but were more accurate and could take advantage of observation and fire support provided by neighbouring forts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200752_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200752-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the night of 24 August, the Reserve Guard Corps and XI Corps were ordered to move south and rejoin the 2nd and 3rd armies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Belgian army had <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 15,000 casualties</span> of whom <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 10,000 were</span> from the 4th Division, which withdrew to the south behind the French Fifth Army. The division was moved to <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> and then by sea to <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, arriving on 27 August and then re-joined the field army at <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyng2007100_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyng2007100-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German Official History recorded the taking of <span class="nowrap">5,700 Belgian</span> and French prisoners, the capture of twelve field guns and that some elements of the 4th Division who had left the fortress at the last moment were captured south of Namur. The Germans had <span class="nowrap">900 casualties,</span> of whom <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 300 were</span> killed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Coercive measures" (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zwangsmassnahmen</i></span>) were directed at civilians on several occasions during German military operations in Belgium, which were exploited by Allied propagandists and investigated during the war and after by commissions of varying integrity. In the 1920s and 1930s the allegations against the German army became discredited, in view of the ulterior motives of some of the investigations. In 2005 Horne and Kramer reviewed archival evidence, soldier's letters, diaries and regimental histories, to conclude that atrocities against civilians and prisoners of war had been committed in Belgium and France in 1914. The writers suggested that German military thinking assumed that civilians would conduct irregular warfare and that violence would be necessary to repress such civilian uprisings. Horne and Kramer wrote that drunkenness, indiscipline, fear and hysteria among German soldiers, combined with the memory of <a href="/wiki/Francs-tireurs" title="Francs-tireurs">Francs-tireurs</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–1871) to legitimise attacks on civilians and that most German claims of civilian attacks were unfounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013144_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013144-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001209–211-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001209–211_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001209–211_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrachan2001">Strachan 2001</a>, pp. 209–211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker201366,_69-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker201366,_69_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, pp. 66, 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001190,_172–173,_178-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrachan2001190,_172–173,_178_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrachan2001">Strachan 2001</a>, pp. 190, 172–173, 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell20078-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell20078_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonnell2007">Donnell 2007</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPuelinckxMalchair2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPuelinckxMalchair2012_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPuelinckxMalchair2012">Puelinckx & Malchair 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200745–48-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200745–48_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonnell2007">Donnell 2007</a>, pp. 45–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200713–17_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonnell2007">Donnell 2007</a>, pp. 13–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200752-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200752_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200752_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonnell2007">Donnell 2007</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200736-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200736_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200736_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonnell2007">Donnell 2007</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonnell200732-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonnell200732_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonnell2007">Donnell 2007</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192633-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192633_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1926">Edmonds 1926</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETyng200799-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyng200799_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyng200799_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTyng2007">Tyng 2007</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEdmonds192635_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEdmonds1926">Edmonds 1926</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207,_209-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207,_209_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207,_209_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, pp. 207, 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013144-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013144_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207–208-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013207–208_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, pp. 207–208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013209–211-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013209–211_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, pp. 209–211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013211–212-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013211–212_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013211–212_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, pp. 211–212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013212–213-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013212–213_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, pp. 212–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013213–214-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013213–214_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, pp. 213–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphriesMaker2013214_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013">Humphries & Maker 2013</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETyng2007100-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyng2007100_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTyng2007">Tyng 2007</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/32px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/48px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/64px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDonnell2007" class="citation book cs1">Donnell, C. (2007). <i>The Forts of the Meuse in World War I</i>. Oxford: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-114-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-114-4"><bdi>978-1-84603-114-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forts+of+the+Meuse+in+World+War+I&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-114-4&rft.aulast=Donnell&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmonds1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Edward_Edmonds" title="James Edward Edmonds">Edmonds, J. E.</a> (1926). <i>Military Operations France and Belgium, 1914: Mons, the Retreat to the Seine, the Marne and the Aisne August–October 1914</i>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58962523">58962523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Operations+France+and+Belgium%2C+1914%3A+Mons%2C+the+Retreat+to+the+Seine%2C+the+Marne+and+the+Aisne+August%E2%80%93October+1914&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F58962523&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=J.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphriesMaker2013" class="citation book cs1">Humphries, M. O.; Maker, J. (2013). <i>Der Weltkrieg: 1914 The Battle of the Frontiers and Pursuit to the Marne</i>. Germany's Western Front: Translations from the German Official History of the Great War Part 1. Vol. I. Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55458-373-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55458-373-7"><bdi>978-1-55458-373-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Weltkrieg%3A+1914+The+Battle+of+the+Frontiers+and+Pursuit+to+the+Marne&rft.place=Waterloo%2C+Canada&rft.series=Germany%27s+Western+Front%3A+Translations+from+the+German+Official+History+of+the+Great+War+Part+1&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-55458-373-7&rft.aulast=Humphries&rft.aufirst=M.+O.&rft.au=Maker%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuelinckxMalchair2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Puelinckx, J.; Malchair, L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortiff.be/ifb/index.php?page=c53">"Citadelle de Namur"</a> [Namur Fort]. <i>Index des fortifications belges</i> (in French). fortiff.be<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Index+des+fortifications+belges&rft.atitle=Citadelle+de+Namur&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Puelinckx&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Malchair%2C+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortiff.be%2Fifb%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dc53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrachan2001" class="citation book cs1">Strachan, H. (2001). <i>The First World War: To Arms</i>. Vol. I. Oxford: OUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-926191-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-926191-1"><bdi>0-19-926191-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War%3A+To+Arms&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-926191-1&rft.aulast=Strachan&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyng2007" class="citation book cs1">Tyng, S. (2007) [1935]. <i>The Campaign of the Marne 1914</i> (Westholme ed.). New York: Longmans, Green. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-042-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59416-042-4"><bdi>978-1-59416-042-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Campaign+of+the+Marne+1914&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Westholme&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59416-042-4&rft.aulast=Tyng&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorneKramer2001" class="citation book cs1">Horne, J.; Kramer, A. (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/germanatrocities00horn"><i>German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial</i></a></span>. Connecticut: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-30008-975-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-30008-975-9"><bdi>0-30008-975-9</bdi></a> – via Archive Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Atrocities%2C+1914%3A+A+History+of+Denial&rft.place=Connecticut&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-30008-975-9&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Kramer%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgermanatrocities00horn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuirnheim1925" class="citation book cs1">Quirnheim, Hermann Ritter Merz von, ed. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digi.landesbibliothek.at/viewer/image/AC01831210/1/LOG_0003/"><i>Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Die militärischen Operationen zu Lande Erster Band, Die Grenzschlachten im Westen</i></a> [<i>The World War 1914 to 1918, Military Operations on Land First Volume, The Frontier Battles in the West</i>]. Vol. I (online scan ed.). Berlin: Verlag Ernst Siegfried Mittler und Sohn. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/163368678">163368678</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2021</span> – via Die digitale Landesbibliothek Oberösterreich.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Weltkrieg+1914+bis+1918+Die+milit%C3%A4rischen+Operationen+zu+Lande+Erster+Band%2C+Die+Grenzschlachten+im+Westen&rft.place=Berlin&rft.edition=online+scan&rft.pub=Verlag+Ernst+Siegfried+Mittler+und+Sohn&rft.date=1925&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F163368678&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigi.landesbibliothek.at%2Fviewer%2Fimage%2FAC01831210%2F1%2FLOG_0003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinnerStacke1922" class="citation book cs1">Skinner, H. T.; Stacke, H. Fitz M. (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/principalevents100grea"><i>Principal Events 1914–1918</i></a>. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. London: <a href="/wiki/HMSO" class="mw-redirect" title="HMSO">HMSO</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17673086">17673086</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principal+Events+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.place=London&rft.series=History+of+the+Great+War+Based+on+Official+Documents+by+Direction+of+the+Historical+Section+of+the+Committee+of+Imperial+Defence&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1922&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17673086&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=H.+T.&rft.au=Stacke%2C+H.+Fitz+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprincipalevents100grea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiege+of+Namur+%281914%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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text" href="http://digi.landesbibliothek.at/viewer/image/AC01831210/747/#topDocAnchor">German Official History map of the Siege of Namur</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/namur.htm">Siege of Namur</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://marksrussianmilitaryhistory.info/BELG14.html">Belgian Army order of battle</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_I" title="Template:World War I"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_I" title="Template talk:World War I"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_I" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War I"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_I" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_I" title="Outline of World War I">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur" title="Invasion of Darfur">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadian internment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&oldid=1254266747">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Namur_(1914)&oldid=1254266747</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conflicts_in_1914" title="Category:Conflicts in 1914">Conflicts in 1914</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Category:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)">Battles of the Western Front (World War I)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Austria-Hungary" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary">Battles of World War I involving Austria-Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Belgium" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving Belgium">Battles of World War I involving Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_World_War_I_involving_Germany" title="Category:Battles of World War I involving Germany">Battles of World War I involving Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sieges_involving_Germany" title="Category:Sieges 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