Indian Archives - NASASpaceFlight.com

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-59741-8"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)}; gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-59741-8'); </script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com RSS Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com Atom Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/feed/atom/" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/xmlrpc.php" />  <link rel='preconnect' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' /> <meta http-equiv='x-dns-prefetch-control' content='on'> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.gstatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.google-analytics.com' /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Indian Archives - NASASpaceFlight.com</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Indian Archives - NASASpaceFlight.com" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NASASpaceFlight.com" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@NASASpaceflight" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/","name":"Indian Archives - NASASpaceFlight.com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--scaled.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--scaled.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--scaled.jpg","width":2560,"height":1706},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"International","item":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Indian"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#website","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/","name":"NASASpaceFlight.com","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#organization","name":"NASASpaceFlight.com","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo.svg","contentUrl":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"NASASpaceFlight.com"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/","https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com » Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com » Comments Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASASpaceFlight.com » Indian Category Feed" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.3.5"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff","\ud83e\udef1\ud83c\udffb\u200b\ud83e\udef2\ud83c\udfff")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.3.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-image figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video figcaption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video figcaption{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.65)}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-template-part.has-background{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 12px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 32px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 14px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-notice-front-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/css/front.min.css?ver=2.4.18' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-soledad-parent-style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/style.css?ver=6.3.5' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Monda%3A300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%7COxygen%3A300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%26subset%3Dlatin%2Ccyrillic%2Ccyrillic-ext%2Cgreek%2Cgreek-ext%2Clatin-ext&display=swap&ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-main-style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/main.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-font-awesomeold-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/css/font-awesome.4.7.0.swap.min.css?ver=4.7.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci_icon-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/css/penci-icon.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci_style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad-nsf/style.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci_social_counter-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/css/social-counter.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='penci-dark-style-css' href='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/dark.min.css?ver=8.3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script id="cookie-notice-front-js-before" type="text/javascript"> var cnArgs = {"ajaxUrl":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"be4d80459b","hideEffect":"fade","position":"bottom","onScroll":false,"onScrollOffset":100,"onClick":false,"cookieName":"cookie_notice_accepted","cookieTime":31536000,"cookieTimeRejected":2592000,"globalCookie":false,"redirection":false,"cache":true,"revokeCookies":false,"revokeCookiesOpt":"automatic"}; </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/js/front.min.js?ver=2.4.18' id='cookie-notice-front-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.0' id='jquery-core-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1' id='jquery-migrate-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='penci-dark-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var penci_dark = {"auto_by":"","darktheme":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/darkmode.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci-dark-js'></script> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.3.5" /> <style id="penci-custom-style" type="text/css">body{ --pcbg-cl: #fff; --pctext-cl: #313131; --pcborder-cl: #dedede; --pcheading-cl: #313131; --pcmeta-cl: #888888; --pcaccent-cl: #6eb48c; --pcbody-font: 'PT Serif', serif; --pchead-font: 'Raleway', sans-serif; --pchead-wei: bold; } .single.penci-body-single-style-5 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-6 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-10 #header, .single.penci-body-single-style-5 .pc-wrapbuilder-header, .single.penci-body-single-style-6 .pc-wrapbuilder-header, .single.penci-body-single-style-10 .pc-wrapbuilder-header { --pchd-mg: 40px; } .fluid-width-video-wrapper > div { position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .yt-video-place { position: relative; text-align: center; } .yt-video-place.embed-responsive .start-video { display: block; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; position: absolute; transform: none; } .yt-video-place.embed-responsive .start-video img { margin: 0; padding: 0; top: 50%; display: inline-block; position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translate(-50%, -50%); width: 68px; height: auto; } body { --pchead-font: 'Monda', sans-serif; } body { --pcbody-font: 'Oxygen', sans-serif; } p{ line-height: 1.8; } .penci-hide-tagupdated{ display: none !important; } body { --pchead-wei: 700; } .featured-area .penci-image-holder, .featured-area .penci-slider4-overlay, .featured-area .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .featured-style-29 .featured-slider-overlay, .penci-slider38-overlay{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } .penci-featured-content-right:before{ border-top-right-radius: ; border-bottom-right-radius: ; } .penci-flat-overlay .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before{ border-bottom-left-radius: ; border-bottom-right-radius: ; } .container-single .post-image{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } .penci-mega-thumbnail .penci-image-holder{ border-radius: ; -webkit-border-radius: ; } body.penci-body-boxed { background-repeat:no-repeat; } body.penci-body-boxed { background-attachment:scroll; } body.penci-body-boxed { background-size:auto; } #header .inner-header .container { padding:30px 0; } body{ --pcaccent-cl: #d15e60; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after,.tags-share-box.tags-share-box-s2 .post-share-plike,.penci-video_playlist .penci-playlist-title,.pencisc-column-2.penci-video_playlist .penci-video-nav .playlist-panel-item, .pencisc-column-1.penci-video_playlist .penci-video-nav .playlist-panel-item,.penci-video_playlist .penci-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb, .pencisc-button, .post-entry .pencisc-button, .penci-dropcap-box, .penci-dropcap-circle, .penci-login-register input[type="submit"]:hover, .penci-ld .penci-ldin:before, .penci-ldspinner > div{ background: #d15e60; } a, .post-entry .penci-portfolio-filter ul li a:hover, .penci-portfolio-filter ul li a:hover, .penci-portfolio-filter ul li.active a, .post-entry .penci-portfolio-filter ul li.active a, .penci-countdown .countdown-amount, .archive-box h1, .post-entry a, .container.penci-breadcrumb span a:hover,.container.penci-breadcrumb a:hover, .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .wpb_text_column blockquote:before, .wpb_text_column blockquote cite, .wpb_text_column blockquote .author, .penci-pagination a:hover, ul.penci-topbar-menu > li a:hover, div.penci-topbar-menu > ul > li a:hover, .penci-recipe-heading a.penci-recipe-print,.penci-review-metas .penci-review-btnbuy, .main-nav-social a:hover, .widget-social .remove-circle a:hover i, .penci-recipe-index .cat > a.penci-cat-name, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.forum li.bbp-forum-info a:hover, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.topic li.bbp-topic-title a:hover, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.forum li.bbp-forum-info .bbp-forum-content a, #bbpress-forums li.bbp-body ul.topic p.bbp-topic-meta a, #bbpress-forums .bbp-breadcrumb a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-forum-freshness a:hover, #bbpress-forums .bbp-topic-freshness a:hover, #buddypress ul.item-list li div.item-title a, #buddypress ul.item-list li h4 a, #buddypress .activity-header a:first-child, #buddypress .comment-meta a:first-child, #buddypress .acomment-meta a:first-child, div.bbp-template-notice a:hover, .penci-menu-hbg .menu li a .indicator:hover, .penci-menu-hbg .menu li a:hover, #sidebar-nav .menu li a:hover, .penci-rlt-popup .rltpopup-meta .rltpopup-title:hover, .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover, .penci_list_shortcode li:before, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline, .penci-dropcap-regular, .penci-dropcap-bold{ color: #d15e60; } .penci-home-popular-post ul.slick-dots li button:hover, .penci-home-popular-post ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .error-image:after, .error-404 .go-back-home a:after, .penci-header-signup-form, .woocommerce span.onsale, .woocommerce #respond input#submit:hover, .woocommerce a.button:hover, .woocommerce button.button:hover, .woocommerce input.button:hover, .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li span.current, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"]:before, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote .author span:after, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote .author span:after, .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt:hover, .woocommerce a.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce button.button.alt:hover, .woocommerce input.button.alt:hover, .pcheader-icon.shoping-cart-icon > a > span, #penci-demobar .buy-button, #penci-demobar .buy-button:hover, .penci-recipe-heading a.penci-recipe-print:hover,.penci-review-metas .penci-review-btnbuy:hover, .penci-review-process span, .penci-review-score-total, #navigation.menu-style-2 ul.menu ul.sub-menu:before, #navigation.menu-style-2 .menu ul ul.sub-menu:before, .penci-go-to-top-floating, .post-entry.blockquote-style-2 blockquote:before, #bbpress-forums #bbp-search-form .button, #bbpress-forums #bbp-search-form .button:hover, .wrapper-boxed .bbp-pagination-links span.current, #bbpress-forums #bbp_reply_submit:hover, #bbpress-forums #bbp_topic_submit:hover,#main .bbp-login-form .bbp-submit-wrapper button[type="submit"]:hover, #buddypress .dir-search input[type=submit], #buddypress .groups-members-search input[type=submit], #buddypress button:hover, #buddypress a.button:hover, #buddypress a.button:focus, #buddypress input[type=button]:hover, #buddypress input[type=reset]:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li a:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li.current a, #buddypress div.generic-button a:hover, #buddypress .comment-reply-link:hover, #buddypress input[type=submit]:hover, #buddypress div.pagination .pagination-links .current, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li.selected a, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li.current a, #buddypress div.item-list-tabs ul li a:hover, #buddypress table.notifications thead tr, #buddypress table.notifications-settings thead tr, #buddypress table.profile-settings thead tr, #buddypress table.profile-fields thead tr, #buddypress table.wp-profile-fields thead tr, #buddypress table.messages-notices thead tr, #buddypress table.forum thead tr, #buddypress input[type=submit] { background-color: #d15e60; } .penci-pagination ul.page-numbers li span.current, #comments_pagination span { color: #fff; background: #d15e60; border-color: #d15e60; } .footer-instagram h4.footer-instagram-title > span:before, .woocommerce nav.woocommerce-pagination ul li span.current, .penci-pagination.penci-ajax-more a.penci-ajax-more-button:hover, .penci-recipe-heading a.penci-recipe-print:hover,.penci-review-metas .penci-review-btnbuy:hover, .home-featured-cat-content.style-14 .magcat-padding:before, .wrapper-boxed .bbp-pagination-links span.current, #buddypress .dir-search input[type=submit], #buddypress .groups-members-search input[type=submit], #buddypress button:hover, #buddypress a.button:hover, #buddypress a.button:focus, #buddypress input[type=button]:hover, #buddypress input[type=reset]:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li a:hover, #buddypress ul.button-nav li.current a, #buddypress div.generic-button a:hover, #buddypress .comment-reply-link:hover, #buddypress input[type=submit]:hover, #buddypress div.pagination .pagination-links .current, #buddypress input[type=submit], form.pc-searchform.penci-hbg-search-form input.search-input:hover, form.pc-searchform.penci-hbg-search-form input.search-input:focus, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline { border-color: #d15e60; } .woocommerce .woocommerce-error, .woocommerce .woocommerce-info, .woocommerce .woocommerce-message { border-top-color: #d15e60; } .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a.penci-active, .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a:hover, .penci-related-carousel .owl-dot.active span, .penci-owl-carousel-slider .owl-dot.active span{ border-color: #d15e60; background-color: #d15e60; } .woocommerce .woocommerce-message:before, .woocommerce form.checkout table.shop_table .order-total .amount, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .price ins, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .price, .woocommerce div.product p.price ins, .woocommerce div.product span.price ins, .woocommerce div.product p.price, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote:before, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote:before, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote cite, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote .author, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote cite, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote .author, .woocommerce div.product .product_meta > span a:hover, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active, .woocommerce ul.cart_list li .amount, .woocommerce ul.product_list_widget li .amount, .woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-name a:hover, .woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-price span, .woocommerce table.shop_table td.product-subtotal span, .woocommerce-cart .cart-collaterals .cart_totals table td .amount, .woocommerce .woocommerce-info:before, .woocommerce div.product span.price, .penci-container-inside.penci-breadcrumb span a:hover,.penci-container-inside.penci-breadcrumb a:hover { color: #d15e60; } .standard-content .penci-more-link.penci-more-link-button a.more-link, .penci-readmore-btn.penci-btn-make-button a, .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-btn-make-button a{ background-color: #d15e60; color: #fff; } .penci-vernav-toggle:before{ border-top-color: #d15e60; color: #fff; } .penci-top-bar, .penci-topbar-trending .penci-owl-carousel .owl-item, ul.penci-topbar-menu ul.sub-menu, div.penci-topbar-menu > ul ul.sub-menu, .pctopbar-login-btn .pclogin-sub{ background-color: #111111; } .headline-title.nticker-style-3:after{ border-color: #111111; } .headline-title { background-color: #d15e60; } .headline-title.nticker-style-2:after, .headline-title.nticker-style-4:after{ border-color: #d15e60; } a.penci-topbar-post-title:hover { color: #d15e60; } a.penci-topbar-post-title { text-transform: none; } ul.penci-topbar-menu > li a:hover, div.penci-topbar-menu > ul > li a:hover { color: #d15e60; } .penci-topbar-social a:hover { color: #d15e60; } #penci-login-popup:before{ opacity: ; } .header-slogan .header-slogan-text:before, .header-slogan .header-slogan-text:after{ content: none; } #navigation .menu > li > a:hover, #navigation .menu li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .menu > li.current_page_item > a, #navigation .menu > li:hover > a, #navigation .menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, #navigation .menu > li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .menu .sub-menu li a:hover, #navigation .menu .sub-menu li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .sub-menu li:hover > a { color: #ffffff; } #navigation ul.menu > li > a:before, #navigation .menu > ul > li > a:before { background: #ffffff; } #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li > a:hover, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li:hover > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current_page_item > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current-menu-ancestor > a, #navigation.menu-item-padding .menu > li.current-menu-item > a { background-color: #d15e60; } #navigation .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-child-categories a.cat-active, #navigation .menu .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-child-categories a:hover, #navigation .menu .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-latest-posts .penci-mega-post a:hover { color: #d15e60; } #navigation .penci-megamenu .penci-mega-thumbnail .mega-cat-name { background: #d15e60; } #navigation .penci-megamenu .post-mega-title a, .pc-builder-element .navigation .penci-megamenu .penci-content-megamenu .penci-mega-latest-posts .penci-mega-post .post-mega-title a{ text-transform: none; } #navigation .menu .sub-menu li a:hover, #navigation .menu .sub-menu li.current-menu-item > a, #navigation .sub-menu li:hover > a { color: #d15e60; } #navigation.menu-style-2 ul.menu ul.sub-menu:before, #navigation.menu-style-2 .menu ul ul.sub-menu:before { background-color: #d15e60; } .penci-featured-content .feat-text h3 a, .featured-style-35 .feat-text-right h3 a, .featured-style-4 .penci-featured-content .feat-text h3 a, .penci-mag-featured-content h3 a, .pencislider-container .pencislider-content .pencislider-title { text-transform: none; } .penci-home-popular-post .item-related h3 a { text-transform: none; } .home-featured-cat-content, .penci-featured-cat-seemore, .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads, .home-featured-cat-content.style-8 { margin-bottom: 40px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-8 .penci-grid li.list-post:last-child{ margin-bottom: 0; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-3, .home-featured-cat-content.style-11{ margin-bottom: 30px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-7{ margin-bottom: 14px; } .home-featured-cat-content.style-13{ margin-bottom: 20px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore, .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -20px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-7, .mag-cat-style-7 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -18px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-8, .mag-cat-style-8 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: 0px; } .penci-featured-cat-seemore.penci-seemore-style-13, .mag-cat-style-13 .penci-featured-cat-custom-ads{ margin-top: -20px; } .widget_categories ul li.cat-item-6, .widget_categories select option[value="6"], .widget_tag_cloud .tag-cloud-link.tag-link-6{ display: none; } .penci-homepage-title.penci-magazine-title h3 a, .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title .inner-arrow { font-size: 20px; } .penci-header-signup-form { padding-top: px; padding-bottom: px; } .penci-header-signup-form { background-color: #ed2b23; } .header-social a:hover i, .main-nav-social a:hover, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after { color: #d15e60; } #sidebar-nav .menu li a:hover, .header-social.sidebar-nav-social a:hover i, #sidebar-nav .menu li a .indicator:hover, #sidebar-nav .menu .sub-menu li a .indicator:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } #sidebar-nav-logo:before{ background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .overlay-link, .featured-style-38 .item:hover .penci-slider38-overlay, .penci-flat-overlay .penci-item-mag:hover .penci-slide-overlay .penci-mag-featured-content:before { opacity: ; } .penci-featured-content .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .featured-style-29 .featured-slider-overlay { opacity: ; } .header-standard h2, .header-standard .post-title, .header-standard h2 a { text-transform: none; } .penci-standard-cat .cat > a.penci-cat-name { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-standard-cat .cat:before, .penci-standard-cat .cat:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-post-share-box a:hover, .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-post-share-box a.liked { color: #ed2b23; } .header-standard .post-entry a:hover, .header-standard .author-post span a:hover, .standard-content a, .standard-content .post-entry a, .standard-post-entry a.more-link:hover, .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover, .standard-content .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .standard-content-special .author-quote span, .standard-content-special .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .standard-content-special .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .standard-content .penci-more-link a.more-link, .standard-content .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .standard-content .penci-more-link.penci-more-link-button a.more-link{ background-color: #ed2b23; color: #fff; } .standard-content-special .author-quote span:before, .standard-content-special .author-quote span:after, .standard-content .post-entry ul li:before, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .header-standard:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-more-link a.more-link:before, .penci-more-link a.more-link:after { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a, .grid-mixed .mixed-detail h2 a, .overlay-header-box .overlay-title a { text-transform: none; } .penci-grid li .item h2 a, .penci-masonry .item-masonry h2 a { } .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-grid .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-masonry .cat a.penci-cat-name, .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-grid .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-masonry .cat a.penci-cat-name:after, .penci-featured-infor .cat a.penci-cat-name:after{ border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-post-share-box a.liked, .penci-post-share-box a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .overlay-post-box-meta .overlay-share a:hover, .overlay-author a:hover, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover, .grid-post-box-meta span a.comment-link:hover, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .grid-mixed .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span:before, .penci-grid .standard-content-special .author-quote span:after, .grid-header-box:after, .list-post .header-list-style:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid .post-box-meta span:after, .penci-masonry .post-box-meta span:after { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-readmore-btn.penci-btn-make-button a{ background-color: #ed2b23; color: #fff; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li.typography-style:hover .overlay-typography { opacity: ; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .item .main-typography h2 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-grid li.typography-style .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .overlay-header-box .cat > a.penci-cat-name:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow { font-size: 14px; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-11 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-12 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-14 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-13 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-15 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow{ background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-2 .penci-border-arrow:after{ border-top-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:after { background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-4 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-4 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:after, .penci-sidebar-content.style-5 .penci-border-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-7 .penci-border-arrow, .penci-sidebar-content.style-9 .penci-border-arrow{ border-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before { border-top-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-16 .penci-border-arrow:after{ background-color: #111111; } .penci-sidebar-content.style-7 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-9 .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow:before { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow .inner-arrow { color: #ffffff; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:after { content: none; display: none; } .penci-sidebar-content .widget-title{ margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before{ bottom: -6px; border-width: 6px; margin-left: -6px; } .penci-sidebar-content .penci-border-arrow:before, .penci-sidebar-content.style-2 .penci-border-arrow:after { content: none; display: none; } .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover,.widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a:hover, .widget a:hover, .penci-sidebar-content .widget-social a:hover span, .widget-social a:hover span, .penci-tweets-widget-content .icon-tweets, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents a, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents span:after, .widget-social.remove-circle a:hover i , #wp-calendar tbody td a:hover, .penci-video_playlist .penci-video-playlist-item .penci-video-title:hover, .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text .side-item-meta a:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } .widget .tagcloud a:hover, .widget-social a:hover i, .widget input[type="submit"]:hover,.penci-user-logged-in .penci-user-action-links a:hover,.penci-button:hover, .widget button[type="submit"]:hover { color: #fff; background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } .about-widget .about-me-heading:before { border-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:before, .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:after, .pencisc-column-1.penci-video_playlist .penci-video-nav .playlist-panel-item, .penci-video_playlist .penci-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb, .penci-video_playlist .penci-playlist-title { background-color: #ed2b23; } .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span, .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot:hover span { border-color: #ed2b23; background-color: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a i{ font-size: 12px; } ul.footer-socials li a svg{ width: 12px; } ul.footer-socials li a span { font-size: 12px; } #footer-copyright * { font-size: 12px; } #footer-copyright * { font-style: normal; } .footer-subscribe .widget .mc4wp-form input[type="submit"]:hover { background-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .icon-tweets, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents a, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents span:after, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social a:hover span, .footer-widget-wrapper a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social.remove-circle a:hover i, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text .side-item-meta a:hover{ color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .widget .tagcloud a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget-social a:hover i, .footer-widget-wrapper .mc4wp-form input[type="submit"]:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget input[type="submit"]:hover,.footer-widget-wrapper .penci-user-logged-in .penci-user-action-links a:hover, .footer-widget-wrapper .widget button[type="submit"]:hover { color: #fff; background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .about-widget .about-me-heading:before { border-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:before, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-tweets-widget-content .tweet-intents-inner:after { background-color: #ed2b23; } .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot.active span, .footer-widget-wrapper .penci-owl-carousel.penci-tweets-slider .owl-dots .owl-dot:hover span { border-color: #ed2b23; background: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a:hover i { background-color: #ed2b23; border-color: #ed2b23; } ul.footer-socials li a:hover span { color: #ed2b23; } .footer-socials-section, .penci-footer-social-moved{ border-color: #212121; } #footer-section, .penci-footer-social-moved{ background-color: #111111; } #footer-section .footer-menu li a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-go-to-top-floating { background-color: #ed2b23; } #footer-section a { color: #ed2b23; } .comment-content a, .container-single .post-entry a, .container-single .format-post-box .dt-special a:hover, .container-single .author-quote span, .container-single .author-post span a:hover, .post-entry blockquote:before, .post-entry blockquote cite, .post-entry blockquote .author, .wpb_text_column blockquote:before, .wpb_text_column blockquote cite, .wpb_text_column blockquote .author, .post-pagination a:hover, .author-content h5 a:hover, .author-content .author-social:hover, .item-related h3 a:hover, .container-single .format-post-box .post-format-icon i, .container.penci-breadcrumb.single-breadcrumb span a:hover,.container.penci-breadcrumb.single-breadcrumb a:hover, .penci_list_shortcode li:before, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline, .penci-dropcap-regular, .penci-dropcap-bold, .header-standard .post-box-meta-single .author-post span a:hover{ color: #d15e60; } .container-single .standard-content-special .format-post-box, ul.slick-dots li button:hover, ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, .penci-dropcap-box-outline, .penci-dropcap-circle-outline { border-color: #d15e60; } ul.slick-dots li button:hover, ul.slick-dots li.slick-active button, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:before, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:after, .post-box-title:before, .post-box-title:after, .container-single .author-quote span:before, .container-single .author-quote span:after, .post-entry blockquote .author span:after, .post-entry blockquote .author span:before, .post-entry ul li:before, #respond #submit:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form input[type=submit]:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form button[type=submit]:hover, div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form .wpforms-page-button:hover, .wpcf7 input[type="submit"]:hover, .widget_wysija input[type="submit"]:hover, .post-entry.blockquote-style-2 blockquote:before,.tags-share-box.tags-share-box-s2 .post-share-plike, .penci-dropcap-box, .penci-dropcap-circle, .penci-ldspinner > div{ background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .post-entry .post-tags a:hover { color: #fff; border-color: #d15e60; background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat > a.penci-cat-name { color: #d15e60; } .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat:before, .container-single .penci-standard-cat .cat:after { background-color: #d15e60; } .container-single .single-post-title { text-transform: none; } .container-single .single-post-title { } .list-post .header-list-style:after, .grid-header-box:after, .penci-overlay-over .overlay-header-box:after, .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header:after { content: none; } .list-post .header-list-style, .grid-header-box, .penci-overlay-over .overlay-header-box, .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header{ padding-bottom: 0; } .header-standard:after { content: none; } .header-standard { padding-bottom: 0; } .penci-single-style-6 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-5 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-4 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-3 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-9 .single-breadcrumb, .penci-single-style-7 .single-breadcrumb{ text-align: left; } .container-single .header-standard, .container-single .post-box-meta-single { text-align: left; } .rtl .container-single .header-standard,.rtl .container-single .post-box-meta-single { text-align: right; } .container-single .post-pagination h5 { text-transform: none; } #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:before, #respond h3.comment-reply-title span:after, .post-box-title:before, .post-box-title:after { content: none; display: none; } .container-single .item-related h3 a { text-transform: none; } .container-single .post-share a:hover, .container-single .post-share a.liked, .page-share .post-share a:hover { color: #d15e60; } .tags-share-box.tags-share-box-2_3 .post-share .count-number-like, .post-share .count-number-like { color: #d15e60; } .post-entry a, .container-single .post-entry a{ color: #215ba9; } ul.homepage-featured-boxes .penci-fea-in:hover h4 span { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-home-popular-post .item-related h3 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title .inner-arrow, .penci-homepage-title.style-4 .inner-arrow:before, .penci-homepage-title.style-4 .inner-arrow:after, .penci-homepage-title.style-7, .penci-homepage-title.style-9 { border-color: #ffffff; } .penci-border-arrow.penci-homepage-title:before { border-top-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-5, .penci-homepage-title.style-7{ border-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-16.penci-border-arrow:after{ background-color: #ffffff; } .penci-homepage-title.style-7 .inner-arrow:before, .penci-homepage-title.style-9 .inner-arrow:before{ background-color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .magcat-detail h3 a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .grid-post-box-meta span a:hover { color: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .first-post .magcat-detail .mag-header:after { background: #ed2b23; } .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a.penci-active, .penci-slider ol.penci-control-nav li a:hover { border-color: #ed2b23; background: #ed2b23; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo:hover .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .inner-item-portfolio:hover .penci-portfolio-thumbnail a:after { opacity: ; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle { width: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-menuhbg-inner { height: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines, .penci-menuhbg-wapper{ width: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .lines-button{ top: 8px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines:before{ top: 5px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines:after{ top: -5px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after{ transform: translateX(28px); } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .lines-button.penci-hover-effect{ left: -28px; } .penci-menu-hbg-inner .penci-hbg_sitetitle{ font-size: 18px; } .penci-menu-hbg-inner .penci-hbg_desc{ font-size: 14px; } .penci-menu-hbg{ width: 330px; }.penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-left{ transform: translateX(-330px); -webkit-transform: translateX(-330px); -moz-transform: translateX(-330px); }.penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-right{ transform: translateX(330px); -webkit-transform: translateX(330px); -moz-transform: translateX(330px); }.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-left, .penci-vernav-poleft.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-vernav-toggle{ left: 330px; }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poleft .wrapper-boxed{ padding-left: 330px; } .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poright .wrapper-boxed{ padding-right: 330px; } .penci-vernav-enable .is-sticky #navigation{ width: calc(100% - 330px); } }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-image.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-cover-image.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-cover.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-gallery.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .alignfull{ margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw + 165px); width: calc(100vw - 330px); } }.penci-vernav-poright.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-vernav-toggle{ right: 330px; }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poleft .penci-rltpopup-left{ left: 330px; } }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poright .penci-rltpopup-right{ right: 330px; } }@media only screen and (max-width: 1500px) and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable .container { max-width: 100%; max-width: calc(100% - 30px); } .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes{ display: block; } .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes:before, .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes:after{ content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } } #navigation .menu li a {letter-spacing: 0} .grid-post-box-meta, .header-standard .author-post, .penci-post-box-meta .penci-box-meta, .overlay-header-box .overlay-author, .post-box-meta-single, .tags-share-box{ font-size: 12px; } .widget ul.side-newsfeed li .side-item .side-item-text h4 a {font-size: 14px} ul.footer-socials li a i { font-size: 22px; } .penci_header.penci-header-builder.main-builder-header{}.penci-header-image-logo,.penci-header-text-logo{--pchb-logo-title-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-title-fs:normal;--pchb-logo-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-slogan-fs:normal;}.pc-logo-desktop.penci-header-image-logo img{max-height:40px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-image-logo img{}}.penci_builder_sticky_header_desktop .penci-header-image-logo img{}.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-text-logo{--pchb-m-logo-title-fw:bold;--pchb-m-logo-title-fs:normal;--pchb-m-logo-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-m-logo-slogan-fs:normal;}.penci_navbar_mobile .penci-header-image-logo img{max-height:40px;}.penci_navbar_mobile .sticky-enable .penci-header-image-logo img{}.pb-logo-sidebar-mobile{--pchb-logo-sm-title-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-sm-title-fs:normal;--pchb-logo-sm-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-sm-slogan-fs:normal;}.pc-builder-element.pb-logo-sidebar-mobile img{max-width:220px;max-height:40px;}.pc-logo-sticky{--pchb-logo-s-title-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-s-title-fs:normal;--pchb-logo-s-slogan-fw:bold;--pchb-logo-s-slogan-fs:normal;}.pc-builder-element.pc-logo-sticky.pc-logo img{max-height:60px;}.pc-builder-element.pc-main-menu{--pchb-main-menu-fs:12px;--pchb-main-menu-fs_l2:12px;--pchb-main-menu-lh:60px;}.pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu{--pchb-second-menu-fs:12px;--pchb-second-menu-lh:30px;--pchb-second-menu-fs_l2:12px;--pchb-second-menu-mg:15px;}.pc-builder-element.pc-third-menu{--pchb-third-menu-fs:12px;--pchb-third-menu-fs_l2:12px;}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1:hover{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2:hover{}.penci-builder-mobile-sidebar-nav.penci-menu-hbg{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.pc-builder-menu.pc-dropdown-menu{--pchb-dd-lv1:13px;--pchb-dd-lv2:12px;}.penci-header-builder .penci-builder-element.penci-data-time-format{}.penci-header-builder .penci-builder-element.pctopbar-item{}.penci-header-builder .pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu{margin-left: 20px;}.penci-mobile-midbar{border-bottom-width: 1px;}.penci-builder-element.penci-data-time-format{color:#ffffff}.pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu .navigation .menu > li > a,.pc-builder-element.pc-second-menu .navigation ul.menu ul.sub-menu a{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.header-social.desktop-social a i{font-size:14px}body:not(.rtl) .penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a{margin-right:10px}body.rtl .penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a{margin-left:10px}.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a,.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a i{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a:hover,.penci-builder-element.desktop-social .inner-header-social a:hover i{color:#2196f3}.pc-search-form-sidebar.search-style-icon-button .searchsubmit:before,.pc-search-form-sidebar.search-style-text-button .searchsubmit {line-height:40px}.pc-header-element.penci-topbar-social .pclogin-item a i{font-size:15px}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-1{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-2{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-3{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-1{font-style:normal}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-2{font-weight:bold}.penci-builder.penci-builder-button.button-mobile-2{font-style:normal}.penci-builder-element.penci-data-time-format{font-size:12px}.penci_builder_sticky_header_desktop{border-style:solid}.penci-builder-element.penci-topbar-trending a.penci-topbar-post-title{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.penci-topbar-trending .headline-title{color:#ffffff}.penci-builder-element.penci-topbar-trending{max-width:420px}.penci_header.main-builder-header{border-style:solid}.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form.pc-search-form-sidebar,.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form.search-style-icon-button.pc-search-form-sidebar .search-input,.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form.search-style-text-button.pc-search-form-sidebar .search-input{line-height:38px}.penci-builder-element.pc-search-form-sidebar.search-style-default .search-input{line-height:38px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.pc-builder-element.pc-logo.pb-logo-mobile{}.pc-header-element.penci-topbar-social .pclogin-item a{}body.penci-header-preview-layout .wrapper-boxed{min-height:1500px}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-topblock,.penci-desktop-topblock{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-topbar,.penci-desktop-topbar{border-width:0;background-color:#212121;border-style:solid;padding-top: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-midbar,.penci-desktop-midbar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-bottombar,.penci-desktop-bottombar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-desktop-bottomblock,.penci-desktop-bottomblock{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-top,.penci-sticky-top{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-mid,.penci-sticky-mid{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-sticky-bottom,.penci-sticky-bottom{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-topbar,.penci-mobile-topbar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-midbar,.penci-mobile-midbar{border-width:0;border-color:#dedede;border-style:solid;border-bottom-width: 1px;}.penci_header_overlap .penci-mobile-bottombar,.penci-mobile-bottombar{border-width:0;border-style:solid;} body { --pcdm_btnbg: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1); --pcdm_btnd: #666; --pcdm_btndbg: #fff; --pcdm_btnn: var(--pctext-cl); --pcdm_btnnbg: var(--pcbg-cl); } body.pcdm-enable { --pcbg-cl: #000000; --pcbg-l-cl: #1a1a1a; --pcbg-d-cl: #000000; --pctext-cl: #fff; --pcborder-cl: #313131; --pcborders-cl: #3c3c3c; --pcheading-cl: rgba(255,255,255,0.9); --pcmeta-cl: #999999; --pcl-cl: #fff; --pclh-cl: #d15e60; --pcaccent-cl: #d15e60; background-color: var(--pcbg-cl); color: var(--pctext-cl); } body.pcdark-df.pcdm-enable.pclight-mode { --pcbg-cl: #fff; --pctext-cl: #313131; --pcborder-cl: #dedede; --pcheading-cl: #313131; --pcmeta-cl: #888888; --pcaccent-cl: #d15e60; }</style><script> var penciBlocksArray=[]; var portfolioDataJs = portfolioDataJs || [];var PENCILOCALCACHE = {}; (function () { "use strict"; PENCILOCALCACHE = { data: {}, remove: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) { delete PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem]; }, exist: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) { return PENCILOCALCACHE.data.hasOwnProperty( ajaxFilterItem ) && PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem] !== null; }, get: function ( ajaxFilterItem ) { return PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem]; }, set: function ( ajaxFilterItem, cachedData ) { PENCILOCALCACHE.remove( ajaxFilterItem ); PENCILOCALCACHE.data[ajaxFilterItem] = cachedData; } }; } )();function penciBlock() { this.atts_json = ''; this.content = ''; }</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "organization", "@id": "#organization", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/logo.svg" }, "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/", "name": "NASASpaceFlight.com", "description": "" }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "WebSite", "name": "NASASpaceFlight.com", "alternateName": "", "url": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/" }</script><script type="application/ld+json">{ "@context": "https:\/\/schema.org\/", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/news\/international\/", "name": "International" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "item": { "@id": "https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/news\/international\/indian\/", "name": "Indian" } } ] }</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="XRFCGeIZgzDrk167DMdy3CfF5paaNN0vJziYiSgTcC0" /> </head> <body class="archive category category-indian category-756 cookies-not-set penci-body-boxed soledad-ver-8-3-1 pclight-mode pcmn-drdw-style-slide_down pchds-showup"> <div id="soledad_wrapper" class="wrapper-boxed header-style-header-6 enable-boxed header-search-style-showup"> <div class="penci-header-wrap pc-wrapbuilder-header"><div class="pc-wrapbuilder-header-inner"> <div class="penci_header penci-header-builder penci_builder_sticky_header_desktop "> <div class="penci_container"> <div class="penci_stickybar penci_navbar"> <div class="penci-desktop-sticky-top penci-sticky-top pcmiddle-normal pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="penci-builder-element pctopbar-item penci-topbar-trending "> <span class="headline-title nticker-style-1 penci-enable-uppercase">POPULAR</span> <span class="penci-trending-nav"> <a class="penci-slider-prev" aria-label="Previous" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-left" ></i></a> <a class="penci-slider-next" aria-label="Next" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right" ></i></a> </span> <div class="penci-owl-carousel penci-owl-carousel-slider penci-headline-posts" data-auto="true" data-nav="false" data-autotime="3000" data-speed="200" data-anim="slideInUp"> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/new-glenn-hot-fire/">New Glenn approaches hot fire ahead of debut...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/engine-testing-booster-14-static-fire/">Ship 33 prepares for engine testing, Booster 14...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/artemis-ii-update-2/">Artemis II rescheduled for spring of 2026 as...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/">Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-27-24/">Starbase continues its rapid pace of advancement after...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-desktop-sticky-mid penci-sticky-mid pcmiddle-center pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pc-logo-desktop penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-builder-menu pc-main-menu"> <nav class="navigation menu-style-1 no-class menu-item-normal " role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-top-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-53697" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53693" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53575" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53571" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53573" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-0" class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-53581" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Jared-Isaacman-return-to-earth-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator">Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T15:32:36-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-75502" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li id="menu-item-96018" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div id="top-search" class="pc-builder-element penci-top-search pcheader-icon top-search-classes "> <a href="#" aria-label="Search" class="search-click pc-button-define-customize"> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> </a> <div class="show-search pcbds-showup"> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="search-click close-search"><i class="penciicon-close-button"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_header penci-header-builder main-builder-header normal shadow-enable "> <div class="penci_topbar penci-desktop-topbar penci_container bg-normal pcmiddle-normal pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="penci-builder-element pctopbar-item penci-topbar-trending "> <span class="headline-title nticker-style-1 penci-enable-uppercase">POPULAR</span> <span class="penci-trending-nav"> <a class="penci-slider-prev" aria-label="Previous" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-left" ></i></a> <a class="penci-slider-next" aria-label="Next" href="#"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right" ></i></a> </span> <div class="penci-owl-carousel penci-owl-carousel-slider penci-headline-posts" data-auto="true" data-nav="false" data-autotime="3000" data-speed="200" data-anim="slideInUp"> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/new-glenn-hot-fire/">New Glenn approaches hot fire ahead of debut...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/engine-testing-booster-14-static-fire/">Ship 33 prepares for engine testing, Booster 14...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/artemis-ii-update-2/">Artemis II rescheduled for spring of 2026 as...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/">Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </div> <div> <a class="penci-topbar-post-title penci-disable-uppercase" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/starship-roundup-11-27-24/">Starbase continues its rapid pace of advancement after...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div class="header-social desktop-social penci-builder-element"> <div class="inner-header-social social-icon-style penci-social-simple penci-social-textaccent"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="pb-header-builder pc-dmswitcher-element"> <div class="pc_dm_mode style_4"> <label class="pc_dm_switch"> <input type="checkbox" class="pc_dark_mode_toggle" aria-label="Darkmode Switcher"> <span class="slider round"></span> </label> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_midbar penci-desktop-midbar penci_container bg-normal pcmiddle-center pc-hasel"> <div class="container container-normal"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pc-logo-desktop penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-builder-menu pc-main-menu"> <nav class="navigation menu-style-1 no-class menu-item-normal " role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-top-menu-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Jared-Isaacman-return-to-earth-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator">Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T15:32:36-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div id="top-search" class="pc-builder-element penci-top-search pcheader-icon top-search-classes "> <a href="#" aria-label="Search" class="search-click pc-button-define-customize"> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> </a> <div class="show-search pcbds-showup"> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="search-click close-search"><i class="penciicon-close-button"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_navbar_mobile shadow-enable"> <div class="penci_mobile_midbar penci-mobile-midbar penci_container sticky-enable pcmiddle-center pc-hasel bgtrans-enable"> <div class="container"> <div class="penci_nav_row"> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_left penci_nav_alignleft"> <div class="pc-button-define-customize pc-builder-element navigation mobile-menu "> <div class="button-menu-mobile header-builder"><svg width=18px height=18px viewBox="0 0 512 384" version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink><g stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill-rule=evenodd><g transform="translate(0.000000, 0.250080)"><rect x=0 y=0 width=512 height=62></rect><rect x=0 y=161 width=512 height=62></rect><rect x=0 y=321 width=512 height=62></rect></g></g></svg></div> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_center penci_nav_aligncenter"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pb-logo-mobile penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="penci_nav_col penci_nav_right penci_nav_alignright"> <div id="top-search" class="pc-builder-element penci-top-search pcheader-icon top-search-classes "> <a href="#" aria-label="Search" class="search-click pc-button-define-customize"> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> </a> <div class="show-search pcbds-showup"> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="search-click close-search"><i class="penciicon-close-button"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="#" aria-label="Close" class="close-mobile-menu-builder"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-close"></i></a> <div id="penci_off_canvas" class="penci-builder-mobile-sidebar-nav penci-menu-hbg"> <div class="penci_mobile_wrapper"> <div class="nav_wrap penci-mobile-sidebar-content-wrapper"> <div class="penci-builder-item-wrap item_main"> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-logo pb-logo-sidebar-mobile penci-header-image-logo "> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <img class="penci-mainlogo penci-limg pclogo-cls" src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/NSF-Logo-Blue-300.svg" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com" width="" height=""> </a> </div> <div class="header-social penci-builder-element mobile-social"> <div class="inner-header-social social-icon-style penci-social-simple penci-social-normal"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="penci-builder-element pc-search-form pc-search-form-sidebar search-style-icon-button "> <form role="search" method="get" class="pc-searchform" action="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"> <div class="pc-searchform-inner"> <input type="text" class="search-input" placeholder="Type and hit enter..." name="s"/> <i class="penciicon-magnifiying-glass"></i> <button type="submit" class="searchsubmit">Search</button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="pc-builder-element pc-builder-menu pc-dropdown-menu"> <nav class="no-class normal-click" role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-top-menu-2" class="menu menu-hgb-main"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Jared-Isaacman-return-to-earth-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator">Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T15:32:36-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon...</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container penci_sidebar right-sidebar"> <div id="main" class="penci-layout-standard-grid penci-main-sticky-sidebar"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <div class="archive-box"> <div class="title-bar"> <h1 style="">Indian</h1> </div> </div> <ul class="penci-wrapper-data penci-grid"><article id="post-103491" class="standard-article standard-pitem post-103491 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-chinese category-commercial category-europe category-featured category-indian category-international category-russian category-spacex tag-arianespace tag-chang-zheng tag-china tag-esa tag-f9 tag-falcon-9 tag-iss tag-ksc tag-lc-39a tag-long-march tag-orbital tag-roscosmos tag-russia tag-russian tag-slc-40 tag-slc-4e tag-soyuz tag-spacex tag-starlink tag-vandenberg tag-vega-c"> <div class="standard-post-image"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/"> <img class="attachment-penci-full-thumb size-penci-full-thumb penci-lazy wp-post-image" width="1170" height="780" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201170%20780'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" title="GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4-" data-src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--1170x780.jpg"> </a> </div> <div class="header-standard"> <div class="penci-standard-cat"><span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-4" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Chinese</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-13" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/" rel="category tag"><span>Commercial</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-12" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" rel="category tag"><span>European</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-5" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" rel="category tag"><span>Russian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-575" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/" rel="category tag"><span>SpaceX</span></a></span></div> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title entry-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/johnsharp/">John Sharp</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time> </div> <div class="penci-meta-author standard-top-meta author-post byline"> <span class="author vcard">written by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/johnsharp/">John Sharp</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="standard-content"> <div class="standard-main-content entry-content"> <div class="post-entry standard-post-entry classic-post-entry blockquote-style-2"> <p style="text-align: left;"> <div class="penci-more-link"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/#more-103491" class="more-link">Continue Reading</a></div></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta"> <div class="penci-box-meta"> <span><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-clock-o" ></i><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></span> </div> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="103491" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">3</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20Roundup%3A%20Sentinel%201C%20and%20PROBA%203%20among%20ten%20planned%20launches%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2024%2F12%2Flaunch-roundup-120224%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F12%2FGdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--scaled.jpg&description=Launch+Roundup%3A+Sentinel+1C+and+PROBA+3+among+ten+planned+launches"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#69561a1c0b030c0a1d5425081c070a014c5b593b061c070d1c19534c5b593a0c071d00070c054c5b59582a4c5b5908070d4c5b59393b262b284c5b595a4c5b59080406070e4c5b591d0c074c5b5919050807070c0d4c5b5905081c070a010c1a4f4a595a51522b262d3054011d1d191a5346461e1e1e4707081a081a19080a0c0f05000e011d470a0604465b595b5d46585b4605081c070a01441b061c070d1c1944585b595b5b5d46"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </div> </article> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-101441" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-585x390.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-1" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" rel="category tag"><span>Other</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-5" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" rel="category tag"><span>Russian</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/justin/">Justin Davenport</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>The second full week of August is another busy one, with five flights scheduled including…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="101441" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20Roundup%3A%20Progress%20MS-28%2C%20Indian%20SSLV%2C%20Chinese%20CZ-4B%2C%20and%20Falcon%209%20flights%20scheduled%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2024%2F08%2Flaunch-roundup-081224%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F08%2FIMG_4381.jpeg&description=Launch+Roundup%3A+Progress+MS-28%2C+Indian+SSLV%2C+Chinese+CZ-4B%2C+and+Falcon+9+flights+scheduled"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#c4fbb7b1a6aea1a7b0f988a5b1aaa7ace1f6f496abb1aaa0b1b4fee1f6f494b6aba3b6a1b7b7e1f6f48997e9f6fce8e1f6f48daaa0ada5aae1f6f497978892e8e1f6f487acadaaa1b7a1e1f6f4879ee9f086e8e1f6f4a5aaa0e1f6f482a5a8a7abaae1f6f4fde1f6f4a2a8ada3acb0b7e1f6f4b7a7aca1a0b1a8a1a0e2e7f4f7fcff868b809df9acb0b0b4b7feebebb3b3b3eaaaa5b7a5b7b4a5a7a1a2a8ada3acb0eaa7aba9ebf6f4f6f0ebf4fceba8a5b1aaa7ace9b6abb1aaa0b1b4e9f4fcf5f6f6f0eb"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-98294" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-13" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Commercial</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-60" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/" rel="category tag"><span>ISS</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-3521" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" rel="category tag"><span>Japan</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-575" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/" rel="category tag"><span>SpaceX</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/martinsmith/">Martin Smith</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>Despite multiple scrubs and delays due to weather violations, SpaceX broke its own cadence record…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="98294" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">1</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20Roundup%3A%20SpaceX%20to%20launch%20next%20ISS%20crew%20rotation%3B%20Electron%20launches%20debris%20removal%20demonstration%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2024%2F02%2Flaunch-roundup-021524%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F02%2FAS_c10_A_4K.0001.jpg&description=Launch+Roundup%3A+SpaceX+to+launch+next+ISS+crew+rotation%3B+Electron+launches+debris+removal+demonstration"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#427d313720282721367f0e23372c212a677072102d372c2637327867707211322321271a677072362d6770722e23372c212a6770722c273a366770720b111167707221302735677072302d3623362b2d2c79677072072e272136302d2c6770722e23372c212a2731677072262720302b3167707230272f2d34232e67707226272f2d2c31363023362b2d2c646172717a79000d061b7f2a36363231786d6d3535356c2c2331233132232127242e2b252a366c212d2f6d707270766d72706d2e23372c212a6f302d372c2637326f7270737770766d"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-97362" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/william-graham/">William Graham</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>India began 2024 with the launch of an X-ray astronomy satellite aboard the sixtieth flight…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="97362" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">3</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20India%20kicks%20off%202024%20with%20X-ray%20astronomy%20satellite%20launch%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F12%2Findia-xposat%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F12%2FNSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661.jpg&description=India+kicks+off+2024+with+X-ray+astronomy+satellite+launch"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#2f105c5a4d454a4c5b1266414b464e0a1d1f44464c445c0a1d1f4049490a1d1f1d1f1d1b0a1d1f58465b470a1d1f77025d4e560a1d1f4e5c5b5d40414042560a1d1f5c4e5b4a4343465b4a0a1d1f434e5a414c47090c1f1c17146d606b7612475b5b5f5c15000058585801414e5c4e5c5f4e4c4a49434648475b014c4042001d1f1d1c001e1d0046414b464e02575f405c4e5b00"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-97209" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IF3A9134.resize-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/" title="Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-4" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Chinese</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-575" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/" rel="category tag"><span>SpaceX</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/">Launch Roundup: scrubs deny SpaceX its 100 Falcon launch goal; look to end the year with a 300th mission milestone</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="#">Martin Smith</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-19T17:35:51-05:00">December 19, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>This week nearly saw two secret spaceplanes launched within days of each other. After ground…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="97209" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20Roundup%3A%20scrubs%20deny%20SpaceX%20its%20100%20Falcon%20launch%20goal%3B%20look%20to%20end%20the%20year%20with%20a%20300th%20mission%20milestone%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/launch-roundup-121923/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F12%2Flaunch-roundup-121923%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F12%2FIF3A9134.resize.jpg&description=Launch+Roundup%3A+scrubs+deny+SpaceX+its+100+Falcon+launch+goal%3B+look+to+end+the+year+with+a+300th+mission+milestone"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#5b64282e39313e382f66173a2e3538337e696b09342e353f2e2b617e696b2838292e39287e696b3f3e35227e696b082b3a383e037e696b322f287e696b6a6b6b7e696b1d3a373834357e696b373a2e3538337e696b3c343a37607e696b373434307e696b2f347e696b3e353f7e696b2f333e7e696b223e3a297e696b2c322f337e696b3a7e696b686b6b2f337e696b363228283234357e696b3632373e282f34353e7d786b68636019141f0266332f2f2b286174742c2c2c75353a283a282b3a383e3d37323c332f7538343674696b6968746a6974373a2e3538337629342e353f2e2b766a696a62696874"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-96182" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_6358-585x390.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/10/launch-roundup-101723/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch three Starlink missions; India to test crew abort system"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-575" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/" rel="category tag"><span>SpaceX</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/10/launch-roundup-101723/">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch three Starlink missions; India to test crew abort system</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="#">Trevor Sesnic and Justin Davenport</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-10-17T10:49:18-05:00">October 17, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-10-17T10:49:18-05:00">October 17, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>Another busy period in spaceflight is underway with three Falcon 9 rockets with Starlink payloads…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="96182" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/10/launch-roundup-101723/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20Roundup%3A%20SpaceX%20to%20launch%20three%20Starlink%20missions%3B%20India%20to%20test%20crew%20abort%20system%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/10/launch-roundup-101723/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F10%2Flaunch-roundup-101723%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F10%2FIMG_6358.jpeg&description=Launch+Roundup%3A+SpaceX+to+launch+three+Starlink+missions%3B+India+to+test+crew+abort+system"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#9aa5e9eff8f0fff9eea7d6fbeff4f9f2bfa8aac8f5eff4feefeaa0bfa8aac9eafbf9ffc2bfa8aaeef5bfa8aaf6fbeff4f9f2bfa8aaeef2e8ffffbfa8aac9eefbe8f6f3f4f1bfa8aaf7f3e9e9f3f5f4e9a1bfa8aad3f4fef3fbbfa8aaeef5bfa8aaeeffe9eebfa8aaf9e8ffedbfa8aafbf8f5e8eebfa8aae9e3e9eefff7bcb9aaa9a2a1d8d5dec3a7f2eeeeeae9a0b5b5edededb4f4fbe9fbe9eafbf9fffcf6f3fdf2eeb4f9f5f7b5a8aaa8a9b5abaab5f6fbeff4f9f2b7e8f5eff4feefeab7abaaabada8a9b5"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-95566" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/NSF-2023-09-02-07-23-55-644-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/09/india-aditya-l1-pslv/" title="India launches first solar research mission, Aditya-L1, aboard PSLV"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-3353" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" rel="category tag"><span>Science</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/09/india-aditya-l1-pslv/">India launches first solar research mission, Aditya-L1, aboard PSLV</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/william-graham/">William Graham</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-09-01T19:50:40-05:00">September 1, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-09-01T19:50:40-05:00">September 1, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>India’s space program continued its busy 2023 with the launch of its first solar research…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="95566" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">4</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/09/india-aditya-l1-pslv/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20India%20launches%20first%20solar%20research%20mission%2C%20Aditya-L1%2C%20aboard%20PSLV%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/09/india-aditya-l1-pslv/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F09%2Findia-aditya-l1-pslv%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F09%2FNSF-2023-09-02-07-23-55-644.jpg&description=India+launches+first+solar+research+mission%2C+Aditya-L1%2C+aboard+PSLV"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#cdf2beb8afa7a8aeb9f084a3a9a4ace8fffda1acb8a3aea5a8bee8fffdaba4bfbeb9e8fffdbea2a1acbfe8fffdbfa8bea8acbfaea5e8fffda0a4bebea4a2a3e1e8fffd8ca9a4b9b4ace081fce1e8fffdacafa2acbfa9e8fffd9d9e819bebeefdfef5f68f828994f0a5b9b9bdbef7e2e2bababae3a3acbeacbebdacaea8aba1a4aaa5b9e3aea2a0e2fffdfffee2fdf4e2a4a3a9a4ace0aca9a4b9b4ace0a1fce0bdbea1bbe2"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-95335" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/F3w5ZWga4AA3a2k-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/08/launch-roundup-082123/" title="Launch Roundup: North Korea has failed launch attempt, SpaceX launch back-to-back missions"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-12" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" rel="category tag"><span style="">European</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-60" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/" rel="category tag"><span>ISS</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-1" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" rel="category tag"><span>Other</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-5" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" rel="category tag"><span>Russian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-575" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/" rel="category tag"><span>SpaceX</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/08/launch-roundup-082123/">Launch Roundup: North Korea has failed launch attempt, SpaceX launch back-to-back missions</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/trevormsesnic/">Trevor Sesnic</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-08-21T13:01:33-05:00">August 21, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-08-21T13:01:33-05:00">August 21, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>Following several launch delays last week, the week of Aug. 21 through Aug. 27 is…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="95335" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">3</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/08/launch-roundup-082123/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20Roundup%3A%20North%20Korea%20has%20failed%20launch%20attempt%2C%20SpaceX%20launch%20back-to-back%20missions%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/08/launch-roundup-082123/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F08%2Flaunch-roundup-082123%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F08%2FF3w5ZWga4AA3a2k-scaled.jpg&description=Launch+Roundup%3A+North+Korea+has+failed+launch+attempt%2C+SpaceX+launch+back-to-back+missions"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#93ace0e6f1f9f6f0e7aedff2e6fdf0fbb6a1a3c1fce6fdf7e6e3a9b6a1a3ddfce1e7fbb6a1a3d8fce1f6f2b6a1a3fbf2e0b6a1a3f5f2fafff6f7b6a1a3fff2e6fdf0fbb6a1a3f2e7e7f6fee3e7bfb6a1a3c0e3f2f0f6cbb6a1a3fff2e6fdf0fbb6a1a3f1f2f0f8bee7fcbef1f2f0f8b6a1a3fefae0e0fafcfde0b5b0a3a0aba8d1dcd7caaefbe7e7e3e0a9bcbce4e4e4bdfdf2e0f2e0e3f2f0f6f5fffaf4fbe7bdf0fcfebca1a3a1a0bca3abbcfff2e6fdf0fbbee1fce6fdf7e6e3bea3aba1a2a1a0bc"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-94950" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/NSF-2023-07-30-05-44-33-107-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/launch-roundup-24/" title="Launch roundup: Falcon Heavy launches largest GEO satellite, Rocket Lab鈥檚 Electron to complete 40th flight"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-13" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Commercial</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-12" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" rel="category tag"><span>European</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-575" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/" rel="category tag"><span>SpaceX</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/launch-roundup-24/">Launch roundup: Falcon Heavy launches largest GEO satellite, Rocket Lab鈥檚 Electron to complete 40th flight</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/bellarichards/">Bella Richards</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-07-25T16:52:32-05:00">July 25, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-07-25T16:52:32-05:00">July 25, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>The week of July 24 through July 30 will end the month with at least…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="94950" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/launch-roundup-24/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20roundup%3A%20Falcon%20Heavy%20launches%20largest%20GEO%20satellite%2C%20Rocket%20Lab%E2%80%99s%20Electron%20to%20complete%2040th%20flight%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/launch-roundup-24/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F07%2Flaunch-roundup-24%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F07%2FNSF-2023-07-30-05-44-33-107.jpg&description=Launch+roundup%3A+Falcon+Heavy+launches+largest+GEO+satellite%2C+Rocket+Lab%E2%80%99s+Electron+to+complete+40th+flight"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#69561a1c0b030c0a1d5425081c070a014c5b591b061c070d1c19534c5b592f08050a06074c5b59210c081f104c5b5905081c070a010c1a4c5b5905081b0e0c1a1d4c5b592e2c264c5b591a081d0c0505001d0c454c5b593b060a020c1d4c5b5925080b8be9f01a4c5b592c050c0a1d1b06074c5b591d064c5b590a060419050c1d0c4c5b595d591d014c5b590f05000e011d4f4a595a51522b262d3054011d1d191a5346461e1e1e4707081a081a19080a0c0f05000e011d470a0604465b595b5a46595e4605081c070a01441b061c070d1c19445b5d46"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-94675" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/DSC_4995-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/lanch-roundup-071123/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX finishes Starlink v1 flights – China launches methane powered ZQ-2"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-4" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Chinese</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-575" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/" rel="category tag"><span>SpaceX</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/lanch-roundup-071123/">Launch Roundup: SpaceX finishes Starlink v1 flights – China launches methane powered ZQ-2</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="#">Trevor Sesnic & Alejandro Alcantarilla Romera</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-07-14T12:03:16-05:00">July 14, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-07-14T12:03:16-05:00">July 14, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>This week, LandSpace reached orbit on its second test flight of the ZhuQue-2 rocket; SpaceX…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="94675" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/lanch-roundup-071123/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Launch%20Roundup%3A%20SpaceX%20finishes%20Starlink%20v1%20flights%20-%20China%20launches%20methane%20powered%20ZQ-2%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/lanch-roundup-071123/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F07%2Flanch-roundup-071123%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F07%2FDSC_4995-scaled.jpg&description=Launch+Roundup%3A+SpaceX+finishes+Starlink+v1+flights+-+China+launches+methane+powered+ZQ-2"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ffc08c8a9d959a9c8bc2b39e8a919c97dacdcfad908a919b8a8fc5dacdcfac8f9e9c9aa7dacdcf999691968c979a8cdacdcfac8b9e8d93969194dacdcf89cedacdcf99939698978b8cdacdcfd2dacdcfbc9796919edacdcf939e8a919c979a8cdacdcf929a8b979e919adacdcf8f90889a8d9a9bdacdcfa5aed2cdd9dccfccc7c4bdb0bba6c2978b8b8f8cc5d0d0888888d1919e8c9e8c8f9e9c9a99939698978bd19c9092d0cdcfcdccd0cfc8d0939e919c97d28d908a919b8a8fd2cfc8cececdccd0"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-94728" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/NSF-2023-07-14-10-06-50-901-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/chandrayaan-3-launch/" title="Chandrayaan-3 lunar landing mission launches from India"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-1" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" rel="category tag"><span>Other</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-3353" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" rel="category tag"><span>Science</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/chandrayaan-3-launch/">Chandrayaan-3 lunar landing mission launches from India</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/justin/">Justin Davenport</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-07-13T12:51:53-05:00">July 13, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-07-13T12:51:53-05:00">July 13, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander launched from the Second Launch Pad…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="94728" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/chandrayaan-3-launch/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20Chandrayaan-3%20lunar%20landing%20mission%20launches%20from%20India%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/07/chandrayaan-3-launch/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F07%2Fchandrayaan-3-launch%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F07%2FNSF-2023-07-14-10-06-50-901.jpg&description=Chandrayaan-3+lunar+landing+mission+launches+from+India"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a798d4d2c5cdc2c4d39ae4cfc6c9c3d5c6dec6c6c98a94829597cbd2c9c6d5829597cbc6c9c3cec9c0829597caced4d4cec8c9829597cbc6d2c9c4cfc2d4829597c1d5c8ca829597eec9c3cec6818497949f9ce5e8e3fe9acfd3d3d7d49d8888d0d0d089c9c6d4c6d4d7c6c4c2c1cbcec0cfd389c4c8ca889597959488979088c4cfc6c9c3d5c6dec6c6c98a948acbc6d2c9c4cf88"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-93833" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/NSF-2023-05-29-06-12-18-819-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/05/india-nvs01-gslv/" title="India launches new-generation navigation satellite aboard GSLV"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/05/india-nvs01-gslv/">India launches new-generation navigation satellite aboard GSLV</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/william-graham/">William Graham</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-05-28T14:08:19-05:00">May 28, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-05-28T14:08:19-05:00">May 28, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>India began deploying its second generation of indigenous navigation satellites Monday, with the launch of…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="93833" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">1</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/05/india-nvs01-gslv/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20India%20launches%20new-generation%20navigation%20satellite%20aboard%20GSLV%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/05/india-nvs01-gslv/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F05%2Findia-nvs01-gslv%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F05%2FNSF-2023-05-29-06-12-18-819.jpg&description=India+launches+new-generation+navigation+satellite+aboard+GSLV"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#2d125e584f47484e5910644349444c081f1d414c58434e45485e081f1d43485a004a4843485f4c59444243081f1d434c5b444a4c59444243081f1d5e4c59484141445948081f1d4c4f424c5f49081f1d6a7e617b0b0e1d1e15166f626974104559595d5e1702025a5a5a03434c5e4c5e5d4c4e484b41444a4559034e4240021f1d1f1e021d1802444349444c00435b5e1d1c004a5e415b02"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-93019" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-22-09-53-53-658-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/isro-to-launch-pslv-with-singaporean-satellites/" title="ISRO launches PSLV with Singaporean satellites"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-13" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Commercial</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/isro-to-launch-pslv-with-singaporean-satellites/">ISRO launches PSLV with Singaporean satellites</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/william-graham/">William Graham</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-21T20:31:01-05:00">April 21, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-21T20:31:01-05:00">April 21, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>The Indian Space Research Organisation used its PSLV rocket to deploy a pair of Singaporean…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="93019" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/isro-to-launch-pslv-with-singaporean-satellites/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20ISRO%20launches%20PSLV%20with%20Singaporean%20satellites%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/isro-to-launch-pslv-with-singaporean-satellites/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F04%2Fisro-to-launch-pslv-with-singaporean-satellites%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F04%2FNSF-2023-04-22-09-53-53-658.jpg&description=ISRO+launches+PSLV+with+Singaporean+satellites"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ccf3bfb9aea6a9afb8f1859f9e83e9fefca0adb9a2afa4a9bfe9fefc9c9f809ae9fefcbba5b8a4e9fefc9fa5a2abadbca3bea9ada2e9fefcbfadb8a9a0a0a5b8a9bfeaeffcfff4f78e838895f1a4b8b8bcbff6e3e3bbbbbbe2a2adbfadbfbcadafa9aaa0a5aba4b8e2afa3a1e3fefcfeffe3fcf8e3a5bfbea3e1b8a3e1a0adb9a2afa4e1bcbfa0bae1bba5b8a4e1bfa5a2abadbca3bea9ada2e1bfadb8a9a0a0a5b8a9bfe3"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-92391" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/onewebl18-27-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/oneweb-18/" title="OneWeb completes initial constellation with launch from India"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-13" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Commercial</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/oneweb-18/">OneWeb completes initial constellation with launch from India</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/justin/">Justin Davenport</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-25T14:35:00-05:00">March 25, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-25T14:35:00-05:00">March 25, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>OneWeb has finished its initial satellite constellation buildout, as India and its space agency, the…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="92391" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">3</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/oneweb-18/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20OneWeb%20completes%20initial%20constellation%20with%20launch%20from%20India%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/oneweb-18/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F03%2Foneweb-18%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F03%2Fonewebl18-27.jpg&description=OneWeb+completes+initial+constellation+with+launch+from+India"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ab94d8dec9c1cec8df96e4c5cefccec98e999bc8c4c6dbc7cedfced88e999bc2c5c2dfc2cac78e999bc8c4c5d8dfcec7c7cadfc2c4c58e999bdcc2dfc38e999bc7cadec5c8c38e999bcdd9c4c68e999be2c5cfc2ca8d889b989390e9e4eff296c3dfdfdbd8918484dcdcdc85c5cad8cad8dbcac8cecdc7c2ccc3df85c8c4c684999b9998849b9884c4c5cedccec9869a9384"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-91704" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/eos07-32-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/02/second-sslv-mission/" title="ISRO’s second SSLV mission successfully launches trio of satellites"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/02/second-sslv-mission/">ISRO’s second SSLV mission successfully launches trio of satellites</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/william-graham/">William Graham</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-02-09T20:06:14-05:00">February 9, 2023</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-02-09T20:06:14-05:00">February 9, 2023</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>India’s new SSLV rocket has successfully reached orbit on its second attempt Friday, six months…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="91704" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">2</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/02/second-sslv-mission/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20ISRO%27s%20second%20SSLV%20mission%20successfully%20launches%20trio%20of%20satellites%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/02/second-sslv-mission/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2023%2F02%2Fsecond-sslv-mission%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F02%2Feos07-32.jpg&description=ISRO%27s+second+SSLV+mission+successfully+launches+trio+of+satellites"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#85baf6f0e7efe0e6f1b8ccd6d7caa3a6b5b6bcbef6a0b7b5f6e0e6eaebe1a0b7b5d6d6c9d3a0b7b5e8ecf6f6eceaeba0b7b5f6f0e6e6e0f6f6e3f0e9e9fca0b7b5e9e4f0ebe6ede0f6a0b7b5f1f7eceaa0b7b5eae3a0b7b5f6e4f1e0e9e9ecf1e0f6a3a6b5b6bdbec7cac1dcb8edf1f1f5f6bfaaaaf2f2f2abebe4f6e4f6f5e4e6e0e3e9ece2edf1abe6eae8aab7b5b7b6aab5b7aaf6e0e6eaebe1a8f6f6e9f3a8e8ecf6f6eceaebaa"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-90092" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/NSF-2022-11-26-06-46-12-836-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/isro-pslv-oceansat-3/" title="ISRO launches ocean research satellite aboard PSLV"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/isro-pslv-oceansat-3/">ISRO launches ocean research satellite aboard PSLV</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/william-graham/">William Graham</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-11-26T01:03:17-05:00">November 26, 2022</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-11-26T01:03:17-05:00">November 26, 2022</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>India launched a new ocean monitoring satellite on Saturday morning, using its PSLV rocket to…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="90092" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">1</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/isro-pslv-oceansat-3/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20ISRO%20launches%20ocean%20research%20satellite%20aboard%20PSLV%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/11/isro-pslv-oceansat-3/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F11%2Fisro-pslv-oceansat-3%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F11%2FNSF-2022-11-26-06-46-12-836.jpg&description=ISRO+launches+ocean+research+satellite+aboard+PSLV"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1a25696f78707f796e27534948553f282a767b6f7479727f693f282a75797f7b743f282a687f697f7b6879723f282a697b6e7f7676736e7f3f282a7b78757b687e3f282a4a49564c3c392a29222158555e4327726e6e6a692035356d6d6d34747b697b696a7b797f7c76737d726e3479757735282a2828352b2b3573696875376a69766c3775797f7b74697b6e372935"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-89437" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Untitled-1-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/oneweb-gslv-mk-iii/" title="OneWeb resumes launches with first commercial GSLV Mk.III"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-13" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Commercial</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/oneweb-gslv-mk-iii/">OneWeb resumes launches with first commercial GSLV Mk.III</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/william-graham/">William Graham</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-10-22T09:15:51-05:00">October 22, 2022</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-10-22T09:15:51-05:00">October 22, 2022</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>OneWeb has resumed deployment of its satellite constellation with the launch of 36 satellites aboard…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="89437" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">1</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/oneweb-gslv-mk-iii/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20OneWeb%20resumes%20launches%20with%20first%20commercial%20GSLV%20Mk.III%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/10/oneweb-gslv-mk-iii/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F10%2Foneweb-gslv-mk-iii%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F10%2FUntitled-1.jpg&description=OneWeb+resumes+launches+with+first+commercial+GSLV+Mk.III"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#ccf3bfb9aea6a9afb8f183a2a99ba9aee9fefcbea9bfb9a1a9bfe9fefca0adb9a2afa4a9bfe9fefcbba5b8a4e9fefcaaa5bebfb8e9fefcafa3a1a1a9beafa5ada0e9fefc8b9f809ae9fefc81a7e2858585eaeffcfff4f78e838895f1a4b8b8bcbff6e3e3bbbbbbe2a2adbfadbfbcadafa9aaa0a5aba4b8e2afa3a1e3fefcfefee3fdfce3a3a2a9bba9aee1abbfa0bae1a1a7e1a5a5a5e3"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-87776" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/NSF-2022-08-07-05-32-59-920-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/08/isro-sslv-debut/" title="ISRO鈥檚 new SSLV small satellite launcher debuts – suffers fourth stage issue"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/08/isro-sslv-debut/">ISRO鈥檚 new SSLV small satellite launcher debuts – suffers fourth stage issue</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/justin/">Justin Davenport</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-08-06T17:11:23-05:00">August 6, 2022</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-08-06T17:11:23-05:00">August 6, 2022</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>The Indian space program鈥檚 new small satellite launcher, the SSLV or Small Satellite Launch Vehicle,…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="87776" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">0</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/08/isro-sslv-debut/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20ISRO%E2%80%99s%20new%20SSLV%20small%20satellite%20launcher%20debuts%20-%20suffers%20fourth%20stage%20issue%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/08/isro-sslv-debut/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F08%2Fisro-sslv-debut%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F08%2FNSF-2022-08-07-05-32-59-920.jpg&description=ISRO%E2%80%99s+new+SSLV+small+satellite+launcher+debuts+-+suffers+fourth+stage+issue"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e9d69a9c8b838c8a9dd4a0babba60b69709accdbd9878c9eccdbd9babaa5bfccdbd99a84888585ccdbd99a889d8c8585809d8cccdbd985889c878a818c9bccdbd98d8c8b9c9d9accdbd9c4ccdbd99a9c8f8f8c9b9accdbd98f869c9b9d81ccdbd99a9d888e8cccdbd9809a9a9c8ccfcad9dad1d2aba6adb0d4819d9d999ad3c6c69e9e9ec787889a889a99888a8c8f85808e819dc78a8684c6dbd9dbdbc6d9d1c6809a9b86c49a9a859fc48d8c8b9c9dc6"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-86881" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/NSF-2022-06-30-13-55-59-034-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/pslv-c53-launch/" title="India launches PSLV-C53 mission, demonstrating new on-orbit capabilities"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/pslv-c53-launch/">India launches PSLV-C53 mission, demonstrating new on-orbit capabilities</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/leekanayama/">Lee Kanayama</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-06-30T01:58:32-05:00">June 30, 2022</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-06-30T01:58:32-05:00">June 30, 2022</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>India launched its 55th Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) – in its Core Alone (CA)…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="86881" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">1</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/pslv-c53-launch/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20India%20launches%20PSLV-C53%20mission%2C%20demonstrating%20new%20on-orbit%20capabilities%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/pslv-c53-launch/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F06%2Fpslv-c53-launch%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F06%2FNSF-2022-06-30-13-55-59-034.jpg&description=India+launches+PSLV-C53+mission%2C+demonstrating+new+on-orbit+capabilities"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#06397573646c6365723b4f68626f672334366a677368656e637523343656554a502b4533352334366b6f75756f69682a23343662636b696875727467726f686123343668637123343669682b6974646f7223343665677667646f6a6f726f6375202536353e3d4449425f3b6e727276753c292971717128686775677576676563606a6f616e722865696b29343634342936302976756a702b6533352b6a677368656e29"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> <li class="grid-style"> <article id="post-86729" class="item hentry"> <div class="thumbnail"> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/screencap-585x390.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/ariane-5-final-five/" title="The final five: Ariane 5’s march to retirement begins with dual passenger launch"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-header-box"> <span class="cat"><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-13" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/" rel="category tag"><span style="">Commercial</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-12" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" rel="category tag"><span>European</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-756" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" rel="category tag"><span>Indian</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-653" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" rel="category tag"><span>International</span></a><a style="" class="penci-cat-name penci-cat-14" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" rel="category tag"><span>Uncrewed</span></a></span> <h2 class="penci-entry-title entry-title grid-title"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/ariane-5-final-five/">The final five: Ariane 5’s march to retirement begins with dual passenger launch</a></h2> <div class="penci-hide-tagupdated"> <span class="author-italic author vcard">by <a class="author-url url fn n" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/author/cgebhardt/">Chris Gebhardt</a> </span> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-06-22T12:09:04-05:00">June 22, 2022</time> </div> <div class="grid-post-box-meta"> <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2022-06-22T12:09:04-05:00">June 22, 2022</time></span> </div> </div> <div class="item-content entry-content"> <p>Arianespace, ArianeGroup, and the European Space Agency (ESA) have launched their second flight of the…</p> </div> <div class="penci-post-box-meta penci-post-box-grid"> <div class="penci-post-share-box"> <a href="#" class="penci-post-like" aria-label="Like this post" data-post_id="86729" title="Like" data-like="Like" data-unlike="Unlike"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-heart-o" ></i><span class="dt-share">4</span></a> <a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/ariane-5-final-five/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i><span class="dt-share">Facebook</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Check%20out%20this%20article:%20The%20final%20five%3A%20Ariane%205%27s%20march%20to%20retirement%20begins%20with%20dual%20passenger%20launch%20-%20https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/06/ariane-5-final-five/"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i><span class="dt-share">Twitter</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-pinterest" aria-label="Pin to Pinterest" data-pin-do="none" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2022%2F06%2Fariane-5-final-five%2F&media=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2022%2F06%2Fscreencap.jpg&description=The+final+five%3A+Ariane+5%27s+march+to+retirement+begins+with+dual+passenger+launch"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-pinterest" ></i><span class="dt-share">Pinterest</span></a><a class="new-ver-share post-share-item post-share-email" target="_blank" aria-label="Share via Email" rel="noreferrer" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#9aa5e9eff8f0fff9eea7cef2ffbfa8aafcf3f4fbf6bfa8aafcf3ecffa0bfa8aadbe8f3fbf4ffbfa8aaafbcb9aaa9a3a1e9bfa8aaf7fbe8f9f2bfa8aaeef5bfa8aae8ffeef3e8fff7fff4eebfa8aaf8fffdf3f4e9bfa8aaedf3eef2bfa8aafeeffbf6bfa8aaeafbe9e9fff4fdffe8bfa8aaf6fbeff4f9f2bcb9aaa9a2a1d8d5dec3a7f2eeeeeae9a0b5b5edededb4f4fbe9fbe9eafbf9fffcf6f3fdf2eeb4f9f5f7b5a8aaa8a8b5aaacb5fbe8f3fbf4ffb7afb7fcf3f4fbf6b7fcf3ecffb5"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-envelope" ></i><span class="dt-share">Email</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </li> </ul> <div class="penci-pagination"> <div class="newer"> <div class="disable-url"><span><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-left" ></i>Newer Articles</span></div> </div> <div class="older"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/page/2/" ><span>Older Articles <i class="penci-faicon fa fa-angle-right" ></i></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar" class="penci-sidebar-right penci-sidebar-content style-5 pcalign-left pciconp-right pcicon-right penci-sticky-sidebar"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <aside id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4375203649665944" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4375203649665944" data-ad-slot="1870045448" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div></aside><aside id="nsf_forum_widget-2" class="widget nsf_forum_widget"><h3 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Active Discussions</span></h3> <div class="forum_recent"> Loading activity.. </div> </aside><aside id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">NSF Starbase Live</span></h3> <div class="textwidget"><p><iframe title="NSF Starbase Live" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mhJRzQsLZGg?autoplay=1&mute=1&enablejsapi=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> </div> </aside><aside id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div style="text-align: center;"> <small><i>Advertisement</i></small> <a href="//www.novatechloadcells.co.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Nova.gif" title="NovaTech" alt="NovaTech"/></a> </div> </div></aside><aside id="custom_html-7" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div style="text-align: center;"> <small><i>Advertisement</i></small> <a href="https://www.margaritavilleresorts.com/margaritaville-beach-resort-south-padre-island" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/signal-2023-04-07-174540_0021.png " title="Margaritaville Beach Resort South Padre Island" alt="Margaritaville Beach Resort South Padre Island"/></a> </div> </div></aside><aside id="custom_html-6" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="twitter-timeline" data-width="300" data-height="800" href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">Tweets by NASASpaceflight</a> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div> </div></aside><aside id="nsf_schedule_widget-3" class="widget nsf_schedule_widget"><h3 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Launch Schedule</span></h3> <style> .launch-schedule-widget { } .launch-schedule-widget h2, .launch-schedule-widget h3 { margin: 0; } .launch-schedule-widget p { margin: 0; } .launch-schedule-widget__wrapper { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 30px; } .launch-schedule-widget__header { border-bottom: 2px solid #111111; } .launch-schedule-widget__header-title { background-color: #111111; padding: 0.5rem 1rem; color: #fff; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; width: fit-content; } .launch-schedule-widget__list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 15px; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .launch-schedule-widget__list-item { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 12px; } .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name { font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700; color: #111111; margin-bottom: 0.25rem; display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; align-items: center; } .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a { color: #111111; text-decoration: none; } .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:hover, .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:focus, .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:active, .launch-schedule-widget__mission-name a:visited { color: #111111; text-decoration: underline; } .pcdark-mode .launch-schedule-widget__vehicle-provider-location-wrapper { color: #fff; } .launch-schedule-widget__vehicle-provider-location-wrapper { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.5rem; color: #111111; font-size: 12px; } .launch-schedule-widget__net { font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; } .launch-schedule-widget__red-dot { width: 10px; height: 10px; border-radius: 9999px; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; margin-left: 0.25rem; background-color: #d15e60; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out; animation: pulse 1s infinite; } .launch-schedule-widget__next-launch-pill { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 0.5rem; font-size: 12px; background-color: #d15e60; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem; border-radius: 9999px; } .launch-schedule-widget__button { font-size: 16px; color: white; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.5rem; background-color: black; border: none; display: flex; flex-grow: 1; align-items: center; justify-content: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; } .launch-schedule-widget__button:hover, .launch-schedule-widget__button:focus, .launch-schedule-widget__button:active, .launch-schedule-widget__button:visited { text-decoration: none; } .launch-schedule-widget__button--watch { background-color: #d15e60; } @keyframes pulse { 0% { transform: scale(0.9); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(209, 94, 96, 0.7); } 70% { transform: scale(1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(209, 94, 96, 0); } 100% { transform: scale(0.9); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(209, 94, 96, 0); } } </style> <div class="launch-schedule-widget"> <div id="launch-list-widget" class="launch-schedule-widget__wrapper"> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear-footer"></div> <div class="container penci-google-adsense penci-google-adsense-footer"><script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4375203649665944" data-ad-slot="6600338389" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script></div> <footer id="footer-section" class="penci-footer-social-media penci-lazy footer-social-remove-circle" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-socials-section"> <ul class="footer-socials"> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i> <span>Facebook</span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i> <span>Twitter</span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i> <span>Instagram</span></a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i> <span>Youtube</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-logo-copyright footer-not-logo footer-not-gotop"> <div class="footer-menu-wrap" role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <ul id="menu-footer-menu" class="footer-menu"><li id="menu-item-54105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54105"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/about/">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy menu-item-54106"><a rel="privacy-policy" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/cookie-policy/">Cookie Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54107"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/advertising/">Advertising Info</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82348" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-82348"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/join-the-team/">Join The Team</a></li> <li id="menu-item-86258" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-86258"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/content-use-policy/">Content Use Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer-copyright"> <p>漏2005-2023 - NASASpaceflight.com</p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div class="penci-go-to-top-floating"><i class="penciicon-up-chevron"></i></div> <a href="#" id="close-sidebar-nav" class="header-6"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-close" ></i></a> <nav id="sidebar-nav" class="header-6" role="navigation" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"> <div id="sidebar-nav-logo"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/"><img class="penci-lazy sidebar-nav-logo penci-limg" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20128%2048'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="128" height="48" data-src="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo_128x48-1.png" data-lightlogo="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo_128x48-1.png" alt="NASASpaceFlight.com"/></a> </div> <div class="header-social sidebar-nav-social"> <div class="inner-header-social"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASASpaceflight/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-facebook" ></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/NASASpaceflight" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-twitter" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasaspaceflight_ig/" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-instagram" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSUu1lih2RifWkKtDOJdsBA" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"><i class="penci-faicon fa fa-youtube-play" ></i></a> </div> </div> <ul id="menu-top-menu-3" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53697"><a href="//forum.nasaspaceflight.com">Forums</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53693"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/l2/">L2 Sign Up</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53577"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53575"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/spacex/">SpaceX</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53571"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/commercial/">Commercial</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu menu-item-53579"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/iss/">ISS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53573"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/">International</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53573"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/" data-id="penci-mega-653"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/" data-id="penci-mega-4"><span>Chinese</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/" data-id="penci-mega-12"><span>European</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/" data-id="penci-mega-756"><span>Indian</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/" data-id="penci-mega-3521"><span>Japan</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/" data-id="penci-mega-5"><span>Russian</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-653 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-4"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/chinese/">Chinese</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-12"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/ARIANE_6_fully_stacked_pillars-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/esa-arianespace-crossroads/" title="European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads">European Space Agency and Arianespace at a crossroads</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-09T15:55:54-05:00">November 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/PLD-Space-lead-image-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/pld-space-miura-lince/" title="PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next decade">PLD Space unveils ambitious plan for the next…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-08T16:07:36-05:00">November 8, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-756"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4381-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/launch-roundup-081224/" title="Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B, and Falcon 9 flights scheduled">Launch Roundup: Progress MS-28, Indian SSLV, Chinese CZ-4B,…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-12T18:02:54-05:00">August 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/AS_c10_A_4K.0001-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/02/launch-roundup-021524/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew rotation; Electron launches debris removal demonstration">Launch Roundup: SpaceX to launch next ISS crew…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-02-15T16:03:40-05:00">February 15, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/indian/">Indian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NSF-2024-01-01-13-25-00-661-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/india-xposat/" title="India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite launch">India kicks off 2024 with X-ray astronomy satellite…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-31T18:25:03-05:00">December 31, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3521"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Streak-as-Falcon-9-launches-Starlink-Group-12-5-mission-from-SLC-40-at-CCSFS-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120924/" title="Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt, Falcon 9 to launch 03b and GPS missions">Launch Roundup: Kairos set for second launch attempt,…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-09T16:50:06-05:00">December 9, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Falcon-9-launches-NROL-167-SpaceXs-400th-orbital-launch-from-SLC-4E-at-Vandenberg-Credit-SpaceX-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/launch-roundup-102124/" title="Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue Origin, China launch missions">Launch Roundup: SpaceX launches 400th orbital flight; Blue…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-21T16:29:45-05:00">October 21, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mercury_s_magnetosphere_during_BepiColombo_s_third_flyby_unannotated-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/bepicolombo-magnetosphere/" title="Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover features within Mercury’s magnetosphere">Scientists use data from BepiColombo flyby to discover…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-06T15:45:55-05:00">October 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/japan/">Japan</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Artist_impression_of_the_supermassive_black_hole_in_NGC_4151_pillars-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/xrism-n132d-ngc4151/" title="One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of cosmic material around supernova remnant and black hole">One year into mission, XRISM reveals movements of…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-29T15:04:32-05:00">September 29, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-5"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GdXb5CcXoAAVZ4--263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/launch-roundup-120224/" title="Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among ten planned launches">Launch Roundup: Sentinel 1C and PROBA 3 among…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-02T18:04:57-05:00">December 2, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Booster-1062-became-the-first-booster-to-complete-a-21st-launch-and-landing-May-2024-Credit-Julia-Bergeron-NSF-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-112524/" title="Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take first flights; SpaceX launches classified mission">Launch Roundup: ZhuQue-2E and Chang Zheng 12 take…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-25T17:26:45-05:00">November 25, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/russian/">Russian</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_1998-scaled-e1732060786412-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/launch-roundup-111924/" title="Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab to launch two Electrons, Russia to fly to ISS">Launch Roundup: Falcon 9 launches continue, Rocket Lab…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-19T19:05:12-05:00">November 19, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category ajax-mega-menu penci-megapos-flexible penci-mega-menu menu-item-has-children menu-item-53581"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/">Other</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item-0"><div class="penci-megamenu normal-cat-menu penc-menu-53581"> <div class="penci-mega-child-categories hihi"> <a class="mega-cat-child cat-active all-style" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/" data-id="penci-mega-1"><span>All</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/" data-id="penci-mega-3353"><span>Science</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/" data-id="penci-mega-3"><span>Shuttle</span></a> <a class="mega-cat-child" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/" data-id="penci-mega-14"><span>Uncrewed</span></a> </div> <div class="penci-content-megamenu"> <div class="penci-mega-latest-posts col-mn-4 mega-row-1"> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-1 row-active"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/IMG_3037-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/iss-update-december-2024/" title="ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with experiments, cargo arrivals, and spacecraft movements">ISS and Expedition 72 crew stay busy with…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-06T15:14:00-05:00">December 6, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Jared-Isaacman-return-to-earth-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/nasa-administrator-2025/" title="Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator">Jared Isaacman nominated as next NASA administrator</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T15:32:36-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/international/europe/">European</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/featured/">Featured</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3353"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_9503-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/europa-clipper-update/" title="Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues deploying instruments">Over a month into mission, Europa Clipper continues…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-01T16:05:27-05:00">December 1, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/IMG_9909-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/phobos-deimos-origins-models/" title="New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian moons Phobos and Deimos">New study provides explanation behind origins of Martian…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-24T14:46:09-05:00">November 24, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/47931_PIA25681-FigureA-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/11/perseverance-climbing-challenges/" title="Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as sample tube supply dwindles">Perseverance faces challenges climbing to crater rim as…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-10T16:19:22-05:00">November 10, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/science/">Science</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Mars_-_Atmosphere_and_Cassini_Crater_-_Hope_Mission_Orbit_19_52252929420-1-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/10/martian-subsurface-pools/" title="New study reveals potential existence of life in subsurface water pools on Mars">New study reveals potential existence of life in…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-10-27T16:07:09-05:00">October 27, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-3"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Hubble_docked_in_the_cargo_bay-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/05/sts-125-400-15-years-later/" title="How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring Hubble repair 15 years ago">How the Space Shuttle completed a final, daring…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-05-18T16:13:04-05:00">May 18, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IMG_8867-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/12/sts61-30/" title="30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble continues to observe the cosmos">30 years after its first repair mission, Hubble…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-12-03T16:54:28-05:00">December 3, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/NSF-2023-04-26-23-06-44-225-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/04/spacex-slc-6-takeover/" title="SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter for a famous pad">SpaceX SLC-6 takeover to mark a new chapter…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-04-26T21:27:44-05:00">April 26, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/shuttle/">Shuttle</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Fojf0NyXgAIUlhx-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2023/03/starship-aborts-scrubs/" title="Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to Starship">Historic scrubs and aborts that could happen to…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2023-03-28T12:33:36-05:00">March 28, 2023</time></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-row penci-mega-14"> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/GeEk9Q1XIAAJyb4-263x175.jpeg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/12/vega-sentinel-1c/" title="Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission">Europe’s Vega-C returns to flight with Sentinel-1C mission</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-12-04T13:55:15-05:00">December 4, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IMG_6319-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/09/firefly-new-launch-pads-virginia-sweden-alpha/" title="Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden for Alpha rocket">Firefly preparing new launch pads in Virginia, Sweden…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-12T16:26:56-05:00">September 12, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-12-at-13.50.38-263x175.png" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/08/blue-origin-launch-preps/" title="New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes testing">New Glenn鈥檚 maiden flight approaches as hardware undergoes…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-08-13T15:09:27-05:00">August 13, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> <div class="penci-mega-post"> <div class="penci-mega-thumbnail"> <span class="mega-cat-name"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/news/other/unmanned/">Uncrewed</a> </span> <a class="penci-image-holder penci-lazy" data-bgset="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/NSF-2024-07-30-18-35-51-500-263x175.jpg" href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week"> </a> </div> <div class="penci-mega-meta"> <h3 class="post-mega-title"> <a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2024/07/launch-roundup-0630/" title="Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon 9 missions flying this week">Launch Roundup: Atlas V, Electron, CZ-3B/E, and Falcon…</a> </h3> <p class="penci-mega-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-07-30T12:31:10-05:00">July 30, 2024</time></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom ajax-mega-menu menu-item-75502"><a href="https://shop.nasaspaceflight.com">Shop</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page ajax-mega-menu menu-item-96018"><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/schedule/">Schedule</a></li> </ul> </nav> <script id="penci-dm-checking" type="text/javascript">function penci_dmgetcookie(cname) { let name = cname + "="; let decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie); let ca = decodedCookie.split(';'); for (let i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) { let c = ca[i]; while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') { c = c.substring(1); } if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) { return c.substring(name.length, c.length); } } return ""; } let alllogos = document.querySelectorAll('.penci-limg'), body = document.querySelector('body'), autoby = penci_dark.auto_by, darktheme = penci_dark.darktheme, hr = (new Date()).getHours(), cv = penci_dmgetcookie('penci_mode'), cc, lc = 'pclight-mode', dc = 'pcdark-mode'; if (darktheme !== '') { cc = 'pcdm-enable'; } if (autoby === 'os' && !darktheme && window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pclight-mode') body.classList.add(dc, 'pcdm-enable'); document.cookie = "penci_mode=dark; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-darklogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } else if (autoby === 'os' && window.matchMedia && window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches) { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pcdark-mode') body.classList.add(lc, cc); document.cookie = "penci_mode=light; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-lightlogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } if ((autoby === 'time' && hr > 18) || cv === 'dark') { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pclight-mode') body.classList.add(dc, 'pcdm-enable'); document.cookie = "penci_mode=dark; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-darklogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } else if (autoby === 'time' || cv === 'light') { body.classList.remove('pcdm-enable', 'pcdark-mode') body.classList.add(lc, cc); document.cookie = "penci_mode=light; path=/"; alllogos.forEach((alllogo) => { var lgimg = alllogo.getAttribute('data-lightlogo'); if (lgimg !== null) { alllogo.src = lgimg; alllogo.setAttribute('data-src', lgimg); } }); } </script><script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/plugins/penci-shortcodes/assets/play.js?ver=5.4' id='penci-play-js-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/penci-lazy.js?ver=8.3.1' id='pc-lazy-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/libs-script.min.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci-libs-js-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='main-scripts-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_var_more = {"url":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ba558bbbf1","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/main.js?ver=8.3.1' id='main-scripts-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='penci_ajax_like_post-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ajax_var = {"url":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ba558bbbf1","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/post-like.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci_ajax_like_post-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='penci_ajax_more_posts-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var penci_ajax_more_posts = {"nonce":"e4052206cc"}; var ajax_var_more = {"url":"https:\/\/www.nasaspaceflight.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ba558bbbf1","errorPass":"<p class=\"message message-error\">Password does not match the confirm password<\/p>","login":"Email Address","password":"Password","headerstyle":"default"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/js/more-post.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci_ajax_more_posts-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad/inc/builder/assets/js/penci-header-builder.js?ver=8.3.1' id='penci-header-builder-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad-nsf/js/forum.js?ver=4.0.2' id='forum_recent-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/wp-content/themes/soledad-nsf/js/launch_schedule.js?ver=1.0.4' id='launch_schedule-js' defer data-wp-strategy='defer'></script>  <div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it.</span><span id="cn-notice-buttons" class="cn-buttons-container"><a href="#" id="cn-accept-cookie" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-set-cookie cn-button cn-button-custom button" aria-label="Ok">Ok</a><a href="https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/cookie-policy/" target="_blank" id="cn-more-info" class="cn-more-info cn-button cn-button-custom button" aria-label="Read more">Read more</a></span><span id="cn-close-notice" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-close-icon" title="No"></span></div> </div>  <script type='text/javascript' id="soledad-pagespeed-header" data-cfasync="false">!function(n,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):(n="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:n||self).LazyLoad=t()}(this,(function(){"use strict";function n(){return n=Object.assign||function(n){for(var t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){var e=arguments[t];for(var i in e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,i)&&(n[i]=e[i])}return n},n.apply(this,arguments)}var t="undefined"!=typeof window,e=t&&!("onscroll"in window)||"undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/(gle|ing|ro)bot|crawl|spider/i.test(navigator.userAgent),i=t&&"IntersectionObserver"in window,o=t&&"classList"in document.createElement("p"),a=t&&window.devicePixelRatio>1,r={elements_selector:".lazy",container:e||t?document:null,threshold:300,thresholds:null,data_src:"src",data_srcset:"srcset",data_sizes:"sizes",data_bg:"bg",data_bg_hidpi:"bg-hidpi",data_bg_multi:"bg-multi",data_bg_multi_hidpi:"bg-multi-hidpi",data_poster:"poster",class_applied:"applied",class_loading:"loading",class_loaded:"loaded",class_error:"error",class_entered:"entered",class_exited:"exited",unobserve_completed:!0,unobserve_entered:!1,cancel_on_exit:!0,callback_enter:null,callback_exit:null,callback_applied:null,callback_loading:null,callback_loaded:null,callback_error:null,callback_finish:null,callback_cancel:null,use_native:!1},c=function(t){return n({},r,t)},u=function(n,t){var e,i="LazyLoad::Initialized",o=new n(t);try{e=new CustomEvent(i,{detail:{instance:o}})}catch(n){(e=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(i,!1,!1,{instance:o})}window.dispatchEvent(e)},l="src",s="srcset",f="sizes",d="poster",_="llOriginalAttrs",g="loading",v="loaded",b="applied",p="error",h="native",m="data-",E="ll-status",I=function(n,t){return n.getAttribute(m+t)},y=function(n){return I(n,E)},A=function(n,t){return function(n,t,e){var i="data-ll-status";null!==e?n.setAttribute(i,e):n.removeAttribute(i)}(n,0,t)},k=function(n){return A(n,null)},L=function(n){return null===y(n)},w=function(n){return y(n)===h},x=[g,v,b,p],O=function(n,t,e,i){n&&(void 0===i?void 0===e?n(t):n(t,e):n(t,e,i))},N=function(n,t){o?n.classList.add(t):n.className+=(n.className?" ":"")+t},C=function(n,t){o?n.classList.remove(t):n.className=n.className.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+t+"(\\s+|$)")," ").replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"")},M=function(n){return n.llTempImage},z=function(n,t){if(t){var e=t._observer;e&&e.unobserve(n)}},R=function(n,t){n&&(n.loadingCount+=t)},T=function(n,t){n&&(n.toLoadCount=t)},G=function(n){for(var t,e=[],i=0;t=n.children[i];i+=1)"SOURCE"===t.tagName&&e.push(t);return e},D=function(n,t){var e=n.parentNode;e&&"PICTURE"===e.tagName&&G(e).forEach(t)},V=function(n,t){G(n).forEach(t)},F=[l],j=[l,d],P=[l,s,f],S=function(n){return!!n[_]},U=function(n){return n[_]},$=function(n){return delete n[_]},q=function(n,t){if(!S(n)){var e={};t.forEach((function(t){e[t]=n.getAttribute(t)})),n[_]=e}},H=function(n,t){if(S(n)){var e=U(n);t.forEach((function(t){!function(n,t,e){e?n.setAttribute(t,e):n.removeAttribute(t)}(n,t,e[t])}))}},B=function(n,t,e){N(n,t.class_loading),A(n,g),e&&(R(e,1),O(t.callback_loading,n,e))},J=function(n,t,e){e&&n.setAttribute(t,e)},K=function(n,t){J(n,f,I(n,t.data_sizes)),J(n,s,I(n,t.data_srcset)),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))},Q={IMG:function(n,t){D(n,(function(n){q(n,P),K(n,t)})),q(n,P),K(n,t)},IFRAME:function(n,t){q(n,F),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))},VIDEO:function(n,t){V(n,(function(n){q(n,F),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src))})),q(n,j),J(n,d,I(n,t.data_poster)),J(n,l,I(n,t.data_src)),n.load()}},W=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],X=function(n,t){!t||function(n){return n.loadingCount>0}(t)||function(n){return n.toLoadCount>0}(t)||O(n.callback_finish,t)},Y=function(n,t,e){n.addEventListener(t,e),n.llEvLisnrs[t]=e},Z=function(n,t,e){n.removeEventListener(t,e)},nn=function(n){return!!n.llEvLisnrs},tn=function(n){if(nn(n)){var t=n.llEvLisnrs;for(var e in t){var i=t[e];Z(n,e,i)}delete n.llEvLisnrs}},en=function(n,t,e){!function(n){delete n.llTempImage}(n),R(e,-1),function(n){n&&(n.toLoadCount-=1)}(e),C(n,t.class_loading),t.unobserve_completed&&z(n,e)},on=function(n,t,e){var i=M(n)||n;nn(i)||function(n,t,e){nn(n)||(n.llEvLisnrs={});var i="VIDEO"===n.tagName?"loadeddata":"load";Y(n,i,t),Y(n,"error",e)}(i,(function(o){!function(n,t,e,i){var o=w(t);en(t,e,i),N(t,e.class_loaded),A(t,v),O(e.callback_loaded,t,i),o||X(e,i)}(0,n,t,e),tn(i)}),(function(o){!function(n,t,e,i){var o=w(t);en(t,e,i),N(t,e.class_error),A(t,p),O(e.callback_error,t,i),o||X(e,i)}(0,n,t,e),tn(i)}))},an=function(n,t,e){!function(n){n.llTempImage=document.createElement("IMG")}(n),on(n,t,e),function(n){S(n)||(n[_]={backgroundImage:n.style.backgroundImage})}(n),function(n,t,e){var i=I(n,t.data_bg),o=I(n,t.data_bg_hidpi),r=a&&o?o:i;r&&(n.style.backgroundImage='url("'.concat(r,'")'),M(n).setAttribute(l,r),B(n,t,e))}(n,t,e),function(n,t,e){var i=I(n,t.data_bg_multi),o=I(n,t.data_bg_multi_hidpi),r=a&&o?o:i;r&&(n.style.backgroundImage=r,function(n,t,e){N(n,t.class_applied),A(n,b),e&&(t.unobserve_completed&&z(n,t),O(t.callback_applied,n,e))}(n,t,e))}(n,t,e)},rn=function(n,t,e){!function(n){return W.indexOf(n.tagName)>-1}(n)?an(n,t,e):function(n,t,e){on(n,t,e),function(n,t,e){var i=Q[n.tagName];i&&(i(n,t),B(n,t,e))}(n,t,e)}(n,t,e)},cn=function(n){n.removeAttribute(l),n.removeAttribute(s),n.removeAttribute(f)},un=function(n){D(n,(function(n){H(n,P)})),H(n,P)},ln={IMG:un,IFRAME:function(n){H(n,F)},VIDEO:function(n){V(n,(function(n){H(n,F)})),H(n,j),n.load()}},sn=function(n,t){(function(n){var t=ln[n.tagName];t?t(n):function(n){if(S(n)){var t=U(n);n.style.backgroundImage=t.backgroundImage}}(n)})(n),function(n,t){L(n)||w(n)||(C(n,t.class_entered),C(n,t.class_exited),C(n,t.class_applied),C(n,t.class_loading),C(n,t.class_loaded),C(n,t.class_error))}(n,t),k(n),$(n)},fn=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],dn=function(n){return n.use_native&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype},_n=function(n,t,e){n.forEach((function(n){return function(n){return n.isIntersecting||n.intersectionRatio>0}(n)?function(n,t,e,i){var o=function(n){return x.indexOf(y(n))>=0}(n);A(n,"entered"),N(n,e.class_entered),C(n,e.class_exited),function(n,t,e){t.unobserve_entered&&z(n,e)}(n,e,i),O(e.callback_enter,n,t,i),o||rn(n,e,i)}(n.target,n,t,e):function(n,t,e,i){L(n)||(N(n,e.class_exited),function(n,t,e,i){e.cancel_on_exit&&function(n){return y(n)===g}(n)&&"IMG"===n.tagName&&(tn(n),function(n){D(n,(function(n){cn(n)})),cn(n)}(n),un(n),C(n,e.class_loading),R(i,-1),k(n),O(e.callback_cancel,n,t,i))}(n,t,e,i),O(e.callback_exit,n,t,i))}(n.target,n,t,e)}))},gn=function(n){return Array.prototype.slice.call(n)},vn=function(n){return n.container.querySelectorAll(n.elements_selector)},bn=function(n){return function(n){return y(n)===p}(n)},pn=function(n,t){return function(n){return gn(n).filter(L)}(n||vn(t))},hn=function(n,e){var o=c(n);this._settings=o,this.loadingCount=0,function(n,t){i&&!dn(n)&&(t._observer=new IntersectionObserver((function(e){_n(e,n,t)}),function(n){return{root:n.container===document?null:n.container,rootMargin:n.thresholds||n.threshold+"px"}}(n)))}(o,this),function(n,e){t&&window.addEventListener("online",(function(){!function(n,t){var e;(e=vn(n),gn(e).filter(bn)).forEach((function(t){C(t,n.class_error),k(t)})),t.update()}(n,e)}))}(o,this),this.update(e)};return hn.prototype={update:function(n){var t,o,a=this._settings,r=pn(n,a);T(this,r.length),!e&&i?dn(a)?function(n,t,e){n.forEach((function(n){-1!==fn.indexOf(n.tagName)&&function(n,t,e){n.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),on(n,t,e),function(n,t){var e=Q[n.tagName];e&&e(n,t)}(n,t),A(n,h)}(n,t,e)})),T(e,0)}(r,a,this):(o=r,function(n){n.disconnect()}(t=this._observer),function(n,t){t.forEach((function(t){n.observe(t)}))}(t,o)):this.loadAll(r)},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),vn(this._settings).forEach((function(n){$(n)})),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(n){var t=this,e=this._settings;pn(n,e).forEach((function(n){z(n,t),rn(n,e,t)}))},restoreAll:function(){var n=this._settings;vn(n).forEach((function(t){sn(t,n)}))}},hn.load=function(n,t){var e=c(t);rn(n,e)},hn.resetStatus=function(n){k(n)},t&&function(n,t){if(t)if(t.length)for(var e,i=0;e=t[i];i+=1)u(n,e);else u(n,t)}(hn,window.lazyLoadOptions),hn})); (function () { var PenciLazy = new LazyLoad({ elements_selector: '.penci-lazy', data_bg: 'bgset', class_loading: 'lazyloading', class_entered: 'lazyloaded', class_loaded: 'pcloaded', unobserve_entered: true }); MutationObserver = window.MutationObserver || window.WebKitMutationObserver; var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations, observer) { PenciLazy.update(); }); observer.observe(document, { subtree: true, attributes: true }); })(); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Indian Archives - NASASpaceFlight.com