CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135fb31b9ff3dad',cH: '9.CU3Vb5g_zizXN1RC3mc.9n8pQn83EkrVYcX6uxqgM-1739797445-1.2.1.1-H80nElpqnx69yHCl4DDPhHFpCk4Ftbse_SajAiv.L_th653TIhrwwRTVRvZaRZFy',cUPMDTk: "\/14481\/ris?__cf_chl_tk=0VtZHmCVbeUEAxcUEtH6D2ellM1B_wZOsw8xnyglIU0-1739797445-1.0.1.1-1QFObW6TTvzUd8.i5VnQufA6j3vGFEbFD3nn1cd2ilc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739797445',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/14481\/ris?__cf_chl_f_tk=0VtZHmCVbeUEAxcUEtH6D2ellM1B_wZOsw8xnyglIU0-1739797445-1.0.1.1-1QFObW6TTvzUd8.i5VnQufA6j3vGFEbFD3nn1cd2ilc",md: "2CU8PfSyg3yUAJR73P_cXECysh.NsGF9_tN9Amxl4Zc-1739797445-1.2.1.1-CH3NpJkxYqRzbeDjaqzUWpQw23OURnAtSuRV7sU0dPPz1VxlTSiV2K7T1F84fBiqjU9na.LZkMdVS7QaBnZ387nkEzgfupEjLZEsKuP6NiZpSBfIXS45u2Nc1jdKw.hjD1vXgdArnlPHDJe8mrgUGrPmxqZj3FrFwUP49X3NweifyHiVC5uLuYmVJvZBFIKBCQ5QAIrG6YyA5px_YfTclIMvgDYuvBXR6dCXgDxdGMAmab.Ab.Bdvl5LSjAzALpaz5lMzdUPKneCmJCwwNlHTjKJm0fY2iHloWS6JO7p.VjTug0yVI94UFZSkNDxbSdH8x8jJjxVuo9FUH78uwvGIFtKnhBiFFzsxFfGhw9x0CwyRDk_bfX5Bx_0mY6sMGy3hqvAQNgOQi_.WCK1RiICb5JV8DJn81tZOi15UTHK49w6Tt1aKAnuXxkOM2tHHat0_Aiy_vvQaS.niASgWOJMAoQE9BeCTJHDIOClONB6j1SZJaIJkoqROzw6jFs.uy_9qMrVk2mqKWgX2TtvBnb51iPRdRylO3Yq8Q2cP9c4xInc7GMgtlZ_BB5OImNgpt0JcP2AI0nn4tz5SetpPLYt5_1dedHnRHBXyxafrDZPzbFNL_F_gd7ggFMKDfwvM3W6VlA1mIkZ57MSmD4mb6ZnHPLreL4kUriAVlpQYev1lphokBurbIf7glXBsnIDY4_X_JjNQyB_5_.8v4zIP2qGaPoXV.NcnaEVvzyDwi303R.6EkJzyELRW2VxS2xYUa6qluvJATL4I.Wt7RruWG3k8I.yHsUkb4WwZhw3.oZmWmxulb4TdjIR9dRX6KpR9fWvbP2NWH.kiY33VafdSF1Oua.gL54UDazAPErvIBOOjTpSDK1zl1wDCFsqbD0m1aLLR9tLL8uIBg5qmlhvP_C2T0dSJsSSt35rCn6be6Oa6S3kq96dlvVwxFQ51vHIgOREktXw1p7KJAZVYmNRFovyVBCh7.lzA0aoLCoz2xHh2J91SCSxnDTfwiCW80u.IS3Fd.oQBU_WMNVkJmWkyFccuSDMPVEaGpvvSJA7t6f5xPqQ63d3QR5Dt32a1XpUMiji2YVHq9GE5goPrwRpNDRByKxS_gv9m.ouQkRVaTdz_V0qhaPeRTwr3AwKWSxvYI5ZId1d_J59bzOQ9qpmMQb2xvzlpSJjdSzq_XFhzniyuMkgtUGvRNp2GbO31i8Sz76Vljj2iUwbc1pLenCfGm76gQBqdU8IlTZLfBM4RLLmVLYVEn3pQ.oTPCxJk4ROEFlLvoigXwpwhE4yK5agRUMBYbadRr.PNdEHaAjz_S0gl1sYpbxcBBZsAwjoZaZ8kc4VxTq26DIpxSp2.A4Z7FjGygrKScKLnxDwg45UCj0vcYv92QZjbG7jZaTJQfqG6_4XmmiOy7e2MVcWDkEye40sG0s8i964pbDqlWNTrXA1I.7GANY907aAkEUaYGHxkay.wGQyN2em.nBbTjEJ16hfJebBs3BZ2z5740HGfp2rJv9pjW30DpE3FAyMv7Zrc9BhmNFxvgdoLdmHQjEaOGAWi2c8o1JzdNrOn3djj6caOvbykKFbAFS4U2GBR1WbZebht0Hh4PrKiBovtj9uYQb85jayxqq6Bo1DzPJuUGl2mXkh6fdG6FRvrXFmRFiDrSpAmGJo.bu4_fD4v7thEA4LPU7hPfh89HhFj0T6uQtZt1VqtHLs0BdA4jZpRGriBip0i_qZS_XyAp6BpyQcOTt9ERG2ggGWbCXmspf5e_qDnbYSxXg.lSII94qbDTc2rOiamCYfvpPzb4FSCrl3BOOqLLRqIvnmra8tiOkRH0X.aQTRFCZa9582wBZOqqBG_fNrnU1hAfCjSdrA8lw4ByYDzvIFlsP.zSWmlwmiA6UgGP0",mdrd: "0EPElWaVZpB.f21hbR84dl.gUiTwLIX50dUDCEKmwAw-1739797445-1.2.1.1-7bhsC7Ikzzrx5VR7wbOPXMvRS7Jn2F1qZyaWjiTNQg9nQfgDWPGnmg2x5.rByo6h.awNcUdwsie0lytxmZpF4FV6za2iWNNlTQyfJ9whnNmZCY3jsfLSLyYSALOnxYbO5GW0mKyLs1sbGncvpgCRv.uaNkxl5pWU9EOhZu6pZi7TtTw.mRnxa_z8koojLn5SxxINvwla3YIthyzb86.sWs3yg8uMvYuDGbezjtOjCN3hYPO1mU1TfRWhPYZBBfIjgjaI6D._iF8PiWDsriOevVGcl_igczdbMd8SBTG9zB2ZgkpAX6xrcy9LNoMAduLwU8tQxiLTOr68w3x6PH0TuaF1JMRkB9ThAi.Be7Qea5gh58oCY5MAUmNRHIKXgBP2EX5Jc16wq221x1mlPiBixYjiDwF_R9jtWd._.hBFEqz97dq9aRmHKxQpuOjn5C7JYIq8U5PLkTOaq5.ic_9ORevPoNXSedxg1Y8NznaLIFqy7OAAvyY2XvFc1gAv5BEEY7kjkulJbImmu0DZS5a6t.9.JQjIFUkQ4nybqzXmWX.bc5DTc14YJ_dFgSQdek2ccAwH_QTsvJI30ueoHVdZA4eeHmWlUQ2Oy1.6k4vAI6lAMJpFnkAHXPWD_3jpUK9uoHhFveeEYqnhYxDK8SUweI_WV1vkdcUgQm48xFuyrneFVMTK3o4YT6222Pk7OIF5ki8RZLZQtqHtfBDvNH6Lf7vMQrQIh6FLC9ozD8q1brrTSG4FQVBO1Wmbq6afCqdacuzPYON0N1l9atDpOZyAj9BrgMT7blrnK1uf.D2lL3qJDIGpOBtaDItYkg9HByMpscgcCbyPP38ms64e6.cSc6GgQJbw3zlDuPa_5d7jIXb2lUFr2vcMvdSJ9KOHjMTYCpuum0Nlo17wXamneXwyB4glEE9f39Csi66pNnEYrehmRk1tQDeWqlSi0Gv1wUwF3n.WTNDHhgSjpt3TbKY7qpnMR6F8.ThAMg4ZTGca4P6O3Ffr4XQsYvtp21oBupiUTOYMsagNIucTfCclPnxYlQtmn81DgLhB.mbk0d_7YYs65p5EzkqBVFLkDygTQGBIQ1rZoTfCdFZyGY1u7bAMODLTh15umiRr3TKBqiBaP.Qw3EJbLStFWlubx4GfaVVo18ztViHTFJyIU_u.WRM91GzC2ZPqtyw5bcbyPWHhnLbogNZhvcy6YV6GpgnVbFGOW4NaKfnG2TCV8kIV3o_TNRnxTsy8sf2G5mLJ3V4liGU7nrFajkV1lcysah7qcsV7dqgkVrotTXSHP2gQq1KMquDTNX_0LZaKqusb6P2EDaZnGQVVInJYxAUtfhkz1QWYv72FL_AoIj6eKzDyLw6eV9A2ODf1K5Z6sFj3XK_S4Yu1iazqSryVbfxT.pJIPKNGDgITNBju5ud0Y9w01.OuLNJnfdmqYM9H5z0xemZ3L8nbcco1fH2XKkwFDM9xbYriSFVj4ZHxt0FbRS4evR9TjcBRhijpJNFQ3gyqdn8tCOwLPEwYf2Z5.Bian8KR4nT1bI2jpYkswhRDFaokRfY6eGp38ew72O7WkeAkUY8CUEBU16U0SkFkX.yKavsn9WE08zVu0FEW_qvsSeeXZe0z252Zw8EiSuSfkjdt522yKIQrdzhSrUNZCiBpY2NnXj78Zf7K.1Dw6.LuN_DufJ5G_UY59PFXoVuwwZTgggAoy_Rs_ESLlYmyV4ip4BSigv.ms.AS_pEWfCkXteIqXN4z9RlA6tNaeYrmt6D0MWr2zUEs0jgHdZNZGWUQAcvxfKeo.SSdnXkDJjfOnFT4r1CHwDgjUcecRugFOiqHs_zpcp0tgFgQI0E7p_ugWeIsaUA3Rapcox2UCXzMaGYCM_LX2iKScSpHs5wrhNWQb7D_AwOHWXNoqfITPf8uk8eT9Fw325P3RHGmxQ87znqYzSnbSE24nSpMm5KvXQ378gGv6HDpQbTfrkW2vH2XmNZks5W4dsK87UhQatYVcZB0Tyq4sg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135fb31b9ff3dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/14481\/ris?__cf_chl_rt_tk=0VtZHmCVbeUEAxcUEtH6D2ellM1B_wZOsw8xnyglIU0-1739797445-1.0.1.1-1QFObW6TTvzUd8.i5VnQufA6j3vGFEbFD3nn1cd2ilc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>