CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Absolute Radio - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"63e30c26-f0cf-4abd-8f16-ef140121c7a2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Absolute_Radio","wgTitle":"Absolute Radio","wgCurRevisionId":1258563939,"wgRevisionId":1258563939,"wgArticleId":571843,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from August 2021","Articles with permanently dead external links","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use British English from May 2020","Use dmy dates from July 2020","Articles using infobox radio station","All articles with unsourced statements", "Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022","Articles with OS grid coordinates","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Coordinates not on Wikidata","Absolute Radio","Virgin Radio (UK)","Bauer Radio","Radio stations in London","Radio stations established in 1993","Radio stations of The Times Group","1993 establishments in the United Kingdom","Companies formed by management buyout","Digital-only radio stations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Absolute_Radio","wgRelevantArticleId":571843,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":51.5122,"lon":-0.1369},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4590187","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options": "loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AbsoluteLogo.svg/1200px-AbsoluteLogo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="602"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AbsoluteLogo.svg/800px-AbsoluteLogo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="401"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AbsoluteLogo.svg/640px-AbsoluteLogo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="321"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Absolute Radio - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Absolute_Radio rootpage-Absolute_Radio skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Absolute+Radio" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Absolute+Radio" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Absolute+Radio" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Absolute+Radio" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1993–1997:_Virgin_Radio_launch_and_early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1993–1997:_Virgin_Radio_launch_and_early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1993–1997: Virgin Radio launch and early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1993–1997:_Virgin_Radio_launch_and_early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1998–2000:_The_Ginger_Media_Group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1998–2000:_The_Ginger_Media_Group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1998–2000: The Ginger Media Group</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1998–2000:_The_Ginger_Media_Group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000–2008:_SMG_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000–2008:_SMG_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>2000–2008: SMG ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000–2008:_SMG_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008–2013:_Acquisition_by_Times_of_India_and_rebranding_as_Absolute_Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–2013:_Acquisition_by_Times_of_India_and_rebranding_as_Absolute_Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2008–2013: Acquisition by Times of India and rebranding as Absolute Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–2013:_Acquisition_by_Times_of_India_and_rebranding_as_Absolute_Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013–present:_Acquisition_by_Bauer_Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013–present:_Acquisition_by_Bauer_Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2013–present: Acquisition by Bauer Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013–present:_Acquisition_by_Bauer_Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Programming</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Programming-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Programming subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Programming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Audience_and_playlist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audience_and_playlist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Audience and playlist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audience_and_playlist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Premium_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premium_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Premium service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premium_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_DJs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_DJs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Notable DJs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_DJs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Weekdays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weekdays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Weekdays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weekdays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weekends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weekends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Weekends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weekends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_former_presenters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_former_presenters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Notable former presenters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_former_presenters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Comedy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Broadcast</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Broadcast-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Broadcast subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Broadcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Studios" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studios"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Studios</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studios-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AM_transmission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AM_transmission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>AM transmission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AM_transmission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_AM_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_AM_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>End of AM broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_AM_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satellite_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellite_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Satellite distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellite_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FM_transmission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FM_transmission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>FM transmission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FM_transmission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Website_and_internet_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Website_and_internet_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Website and internet broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Website_and_internet_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sister stations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sister_stations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sister stations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sister_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Absolute Radio Classic Rock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_60s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_60s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Absolute Radio 60s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_60s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_70s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_70s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Absolute Radio 70s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_70s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_80s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_80s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Absolute Radio 80s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_80s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_90s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_90s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Absolute Radio 90s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_90s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_00s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_00s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Absolute Radio 00s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_00s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_10s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_10s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Absolute Radio 10s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_10s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_20s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_20s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Absolute Radio 20s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_20s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_Country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Absolute Radio Country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Premium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_Premium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Absolute Radio Premium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Premium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_You" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_You"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Absolute Radio You</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_You-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Calm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_Calm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Absolute Radio Calm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Calm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_spin-off_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_spin-off_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Former spin-off stations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Former_spin-off_stations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Former spin-off stations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Former_spin-off_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Extra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_Extra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Absolute Radio Extra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_Extra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Radio_40s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Radio_40s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Absolute Radio 40s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Radio_40s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absolute_Xtreme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absolute_Xtreme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Absolute Xtreme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absolute_Xtreme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_pre-Absolute_spin-off_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_pre-Absolute_spin-off_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other pre-Absolute spin-off stations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_pre-Absolute_spin-off_stations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other pre-Absolute spin-off stations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_pre-Absolute_spin-off_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-dabbl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#dabbl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>dabbl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-dabbl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Liquid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Radio_Groove" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Radio_Groove"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Virgin Radio Groove</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Radio_Groove-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Radio_Party_Classics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Radio_Party_Classics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Virgin Radio Party Classics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Radio_Party_Classics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virgin_Radio_Viva_(cancelled)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virgin_Radio_Viva_(cancelled)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Virgin Radio Viva (cancelled)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virgin_Radio_Viva_(cancelled)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Absolute Radio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Absolute Radio" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Absolute Radio" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Absolute Radio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Absolute Radio" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Absolute Radio" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="Absolute Radio – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Absolute Radio" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" title="絕對電台 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="絕對電台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4590187#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Absolute_Radio" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Absolute_Radio" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Absolute_Radio" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&oldid=1258563939" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Absolute_Radio&id=1258563939&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAbsolute_Radio"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAbsolute_Radio"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Absolute_Radio&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Absolute_Radio" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4590187" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.5122_N_0.1369_W_type:landmark_region:GB"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°08′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5122°N 0.1369°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5122; -0.1369</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Independent National Radio station</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the relaunched Virgin Radio UK station, see <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250652533">.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-radio-station"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Absolute Radio</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AbsoluteLogo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AbsoluteLogo.svg/220px-AbsoluteLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AbsoluteLogo.svg/330px-AbsoluteLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/AbsoluteLogo.svg/440px-AbsoluteLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li><li>United Kingdom</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequencies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a>: 11D/12A <a href="/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (UK)</li><li>DAB: 12C <a href="/wiki/CE_Digital" title="CE Digital">London 1</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">Format</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Modern_AC" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern AC">Modern AC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sister_station" title="Sister station">Sister stations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_60s" title="Absolute Radio 60s">Absolute Radio 60s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_70s" title="Absolute Radio 70s">Absolute Radio 70s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_80s" title="Absolute Radio 80s">Absolute Radio 80s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_90s" title="Absolute Radio 90s">Absolute Radio 90s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_00s" title="Absolute Radio 00s">Absolute Radio 00s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_10s" title="Absolute Radio 10s">Absolute Radio 10s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_20s" title="Absolute Radio 20s">Absolute Radio 20s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock" title="Absolute Radio Classic Rock">Absolute Radio Classic Rock</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Country" title="Absolute Radio Country">Absolute Radio Country</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First air date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>30 April 1993<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993-04-30</span>)</span> (as Virgin 1215)</li><li>29 September 2008 (as Absolute Radio)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last air date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>FM Frequencies</b><br />16 December 2018 (West Midlands) <br />17 May 2021 (London) <br /><b>AM Frequencies</b><br />19 January 2023 (National)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Virgin Radio (1993–2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former frequencies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>FM Frequencies</b><br />105.2 MHz (West Midlands) <br />105.8 MHz (London) <br /><b>AM Frequencies</b><br />1197 kHz (National)<br />1215 kHz (National)<br />1233 kHz (National)<br />1242 kHz (National)<br />1260 kHz (Kent)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">Webcast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hellorayo.co.uk/absolute-radio/play/">Rayo</a>(UK only)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://absoluteradio.co.uk/">absoluteradio<wbr />.co<wbr />.uk</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4590187#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Absolute Radio</b> is a British <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio station">station</a> owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a>. It broadcasts nationally across the UK via <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio broadcasting">digital audio broadcasting</a>. </p><p>The station focuses on <a href="/wiki/Alternative_music" title="Alternative music">alternative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indie_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Indie music">indie</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Absolute_Radio" title="Timeline of Absolute Radio">Timeline of Absolute Radio</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1993–1997:_Virgin_Radio_launch_and_early_years"><span id="1993.E2.80.931997:_Virgin_Radio_launch_and_early_years"></span>1993–1997: Virgin Radio launch and early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1993–1997: Virgin Radio launch and early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgin_Radio_office_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Virgin_Radio_office_London.jpg/170px-Virgin_Radio_office_London.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Virgin_Radio_office_London.jpg/255px-Virgin_Radio_office_London.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Virgin_Radio_office_London.jpg/340px-Virgin_Radio_office_London.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="1580" /></a><figcaption>No 1 Golden Square with "Virgin Radio" branding, 1993–2008</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_Act_1990" title="Broadcasting Act 1990">Broadcasting Act 1990</a> allowed for the launch of <a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">independent national radio</a> (INR) stations in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Radio Authority</a> was mandated to award three INR licences, one of which (INR1) had to be for a "non-pop" station (which was awarded to <a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a>), and one of which had to be for a predominantly speech-based service (this would be advertised later as INR3 and awarded to <a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">Talk Radio</a>). The remaining licence was to be open to "all-comers". The licences were to be awarded to the highest cash bidder, providing that the applicant met criteria set down in the Broadcasting Act.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second national licence, INR2, would take over the 1197 kHz and 1215 kHz <a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">medium wave</a> (AM) frequencies, which were to be relinquished by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-19920205_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-19920205-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The licence was advertised in October 1991<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and five organisations bid: the Independent National Broadcasting Company of Sheffield, which bid £4,010,000 per year; a <a href="/wiki/TV-am" title="TV-am">TV-am</a>/<a href="/wiki/Virgin_Group" title="Virgin Group">Virgin</a> consortium (£1,883,000); <a href="/wiki/Chiltern_Radio_Network" title="Chiltern Radio Network">Chiltern Radio Network</a>'s 20/20 Radio (£1,311,000); <a href="/wiki/Radio_Clyde" title="Radio Clyde">Radio Clyde</a>'s Score Radio (£701,000); and a consortium of <a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">CLT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Goldsmith" title="Harvey Goldsmith">Harvey Goldsmith</a> and <a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a> (£211,000).<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-19920205_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-19920205-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TV-am/Virgin consortium was awarded the licence in April 1992, after the Radio Authority said that it was not satisfied that Independent National Broadcasting would be able to sustain the service.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, TV-am lost its <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> franchise<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its stake in the radio station was sold in March 1993<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-19930419_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-19930419-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Apax_Partners" title="Apax Partners">Apax Partners</a>, <a href="/wiki/JPMorgan_Chase" title="JPMorgan Chase">JP Morgan Investment Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">Sir David Frost</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Observer-1997-04-13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observer-1997-04-13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The station launched as Virgin 1215 at 12:15 pm on 30 April 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original line-up of DJs included <a href="/wiki/Richard_Skinner_(broadcaster)" title="Richard Skinner (broadcaster)">Richard Skinner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russ_Williams_(DJ)" title="Russ Williams (DJ)">Russ Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jono_Coleman" class="mw-redirect" title="Jono Coleman">Jono Coleman</a>, Mitch Johnson, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Dene" title="Graham Dene">Graham Dene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Abbot" title="Nick Abbot">Nick Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Lloyd" title="Wendy Lloyd">Wendy Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vance" title="Tommy Vance">Tommy Vance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rosko" title="Emperor Rosko">Emperor Rosko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dave_Fanning" title="Dave Fanning">Dave Fanning</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(presenter)" title="Chris Evans (presenter)">Chris Evans</a> was also hired to present a Saturday morning show, following his success at <a href="/wiki/BBC_GLR" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC GLR">BBC GLR</a> in the weekend mid-morning slot. The show, <i>The Big Red Mug Show</i>, was sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Nescaf%C3%A9" title="Nescafé">Nescafé</a>. The first song played was <a href="/wiki/INXS" title="INXS">INXS</a>' cover version of the <a href="/wiki/Steppenwolf_(band)" title="Steppenwolf (band)">Steppenwolf</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Born_to_be_Wild" class="mw-redirect" title="Born to be Wild">Born to be Wild</a>". <a href="/wiki/Richard_Branson" title="Richard Branson">Richard Branson</a> was the first voice to be heard, live from the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Megastores" title="Virgin Megastores">Virgin Megastore</a> in Manchester, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Skinner_(broadcaster)" title="Richard Skinner (broadcaster)">Richard Skinner</a> the first voice back in the London studios.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skinner was also programme director, a role he shared with John Revell.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Pearson was launch sales director, a role he had previously held at <a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a>. Andy Mollett was launch finance director. David Campbell, previously managing director of one of Virgin's post-production television companies,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the chief executive at launch.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-19930419_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-19930419-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From before its launch on AM, Virgin Radio was campaigning for a national FM network. Initially, it lobbied for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">Radio 4's</a> FM network to be made available<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then, when the Radio Authority launched a consultation on the use of the 105–108 MHz band,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it lobbied for it to be set aside as a national network.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Radio Authority decided, however, that 105–108 MHz would be licensed to new local and regional stations<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Virgin Radio applied for<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and won one of the new FM licences advertised in London as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin Radio launched on 105.8 MHz FM in London on 10 April 1995<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beginning with a message from broadcaster <a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> at 6 am followed by the <i>Russ 'n' Jono breakfast show</i>. Part of the licence requirements for the London service meant that a daily London opt-out was broadcast on FM, presented initially by <a href="/wiki/Rowland_Rivron" title="Rowland Rivron">Rowland Rivron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within a year, Virgin Group was considering the next steps for the radio station, including the option of a flotation<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or buying back the shares of JP Morgan, Apax and Sir David Frost.<sup id="cite_ref-Observer-1997-04-13_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observer-1997-04-13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1997, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/GCap_Media#Capital_Radio_Group" title="GCap Media">Capital Radio</a> had agreed to acquire Virgin Radio in an £87 million deal.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Capital's plans included moving Virgin Radio from 1 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Square" title="Golden Square">Golden Square</a> to Capital's <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a> building and splitting programming between the AM and FM services.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Radio Authority approved the acquisition,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Griffiths" title="Nigel Griffiths">Nigel Griffiths</a>, the Consumer Affairs Minister, referred the takeover to the <a href="/wiki/Competition_Commission_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Competition Commission (United Kingdom)">Monopolies and Mergers Commission</a> (MMC).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The MMC report into the takeover would not be issued until January 1998, and would recommend that the deal could only go ahead if <a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Capital Gold</a> was sold or Virgin's London FM licence was excluded from the deal.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the delay in approval of the Capital acquisition would ultimately lead to the deal not going through. </p><p>In January 1997, Chris Evans left his role as presenter of the <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_1_Breakfast" title="Radio 1 Breakfast">Radio 1 Breakfast Show</a></i> as a result of a disagreement between him and the programme controller <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bannister" title="Matthew Bannister">Matthew Bannister</a> (Evans had asked for Fridays off to allow more time for him to work on his <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> television show, <a href="/wiki/TFI_Friday" title="TFI Friday">TFI Friday</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009254-258_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009254-258-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evans was keen to return to radio<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009278-284_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009278-284-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it had been reported that his agent, Michael Foster, had approached <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bannister" title="Matthew Bannister">Matthew Bannister</a> to ask if Evans would be allowed to be return to Radio 1,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he had gone as far as commencing negotiations to buy Talk Radio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009283-284_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009283-284-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richard Branson wanted Evans to work for Virgin Radio, so much so that he joined him on a <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> flight to New York to try to persuade him to join as the drive time presenter.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009265-275_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009265-275-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-19971004_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-19971004-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, Virgin Radio hired Evans to present the breakfast show, replacing the incumbent <i>Russ 'n' Jono show</i> (presented by <a href="/wiki/Russ_Williams_(DJ)" title="Russ Williams (DJ)">Russ Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Coleman_(presenter)" title="Jonathan Coleman (presenter)">Jonathan Coleman</a>). His show started on 13 October 1997, the same day that <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoë Ball">Zoë Ball</a> started as Evans' replacement on Radio 1.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009287-289_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009287-289-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial contract would only be for ten weeks, until the MMC announced its decision on the Capital Radio takeover.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-19971004_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-19971004-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evans approached David Campbell to discuss buying the radio station and, with Michael Foster's help, they put together a deal to buy it with venture capital supplied by Apax Partners and <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">Paribas</a>, with Virgin Group retaining a 20% stake in the business.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009290-317_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009290-317-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal was announced on 8 December 1997, and would see the formation of the Ginger Media Group, an umbrella company overseeing Virgin Radio and producing programmes such as TFI Friday.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1998–2000:_The_Ginger_Media_Group"><span id="1998.E2.80.932000:_The_Ginger_Media_Group"></span>1998–2000: The Ginger Media Group</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1998–2000: The Ginger Media Group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evans' ownership of Virgin Radio started well, with a breakfast show audience increase of 660,000 to 2.2m in his first three months.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1998, Evans took a spur of the moment decision one weekend to launch a Saturday afternoon show called <i>Rock 'n' Roll Football</i>, which continues to be broadcast on Absolute Radio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2010_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 5 October 1998, Virgin Radio started simulcasts of the breakfast show on <a href="/wiki/Sky_One" title="Sky One">Sky One</a> each morning for an hour between 7.30 and 8.30 am When a track was played on the radio, viewers would see a video at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The start of the new football season in August 1999 saw <a href="/wiki/Terry_Venables" title="Terry Venables">Terry Venables</a> join Russ Williams in a show that would precede <i>Rock 'n' Roll Football</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 1999, at a time when TV programme <a href="/wiki/Who_Wants_to_Be_a_Millionaire%3F_(UK_game_show)" class="mw-redirect" title="Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)">Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?</a> had yet to give away its top prize, Virgin Radio set a broadcasting first when Clare Barwick won £1 million at the culmination of "Someone's Going to Be a Millionaire".<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The management team at the Ginger Media Group were considering expansion opportunities, including a plan to acquire the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></i> newspaper from <a href="/wiki/United_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="United Business Media">United News & Media</a>, and hire <a href="/wiki/Piers_Morgan" title="Piers Morgan">Piers Morgan</a> to edit it. Their plans were stalled, however, when the shareholders got cold feet. Evans wrote in his autobiography that "the management wanted to stick to our original brief of expansion, whereas our investors only cared about extracting the added value."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2010_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000–2008:_SMG_ownership"><span id="2000.E2.80.932008:_SMG_ownership"></span>2000–2008: SMG ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000–2008: SMG ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The management team therefore set itself on a strategy to sell the business three years ahead of schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2010_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2010-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It hired <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> to run the sale process, and considered a public flotation,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before selling to the <a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">Scottish Media Group</a> for £225 million in March 2000. The Scottish Media Group, which owned <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Television" title="Scottish Television">Scottish Television</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Herald_(Glasgow)" title="The Herald (Glasgow)">Herald</a> newspaper, fought off other bidders including <a href="/wiki/Clear_Channel_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear Channel Communications">Clear Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/NRJ_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="NRJ Radio">NRJ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a>. Evans personally made £75 million out of the sale.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Evans was subsequently fired by his new employer in 2001 for failing to report into work for five consecutive days while reportedly partying with his then wife <a href="/wiki/Billie_Piper" title="Billie Piper">Billie Piper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chief executive John Pearson, who had been with the station since before launch, resigned in April 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was replaced by Fru Hazlitt, who had previously been managing director of <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> UK and Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 June 2006, SMG plc signed a deal with YooMedia to make Virgin Radio available on <a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a>. Long before the station's AM transmitters were closed in January 2023, it had always placed a great emphasis on other methods of transmission than medium wave, as the 1215 kHz frequency suffered from considerable interference, particularly after dark – BBC Radio 1, which used 1215 kHz for its first eleven years on air, moved to higher-quality medium wave frequencies (now used by <a href="/wiki/TalkSport" class="mw-redirect" title="TalkSport">talkSport</a>) in 1978 primarily for this reason.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–2013:_Acquisition_by_Times_of_India_and_rebranding_as_Absolute_Radio"><span id="2008.E2.80.932013:_Acquisition_by_Times_of_India_and_rebranding_as_Absolute_Radio"></span>2008–2013: Acquisition by Times of India and rebranding as Absolute Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2008–2013: Acquisition by Times of India and rebranding as Absolute Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:No_1_Golden_Square.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/No_1_Golden_Square.JPG/220px-No_1_Golden_Square.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/No_1_Golden_Square.JPG/330px-No_1_Golden_Square.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/No_1_Golden_Square.JPG/440px-No_1_Golden_Square.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>No 1 <a href="/wiki/Golden_Square" title="Golden Square">Golden Square</a> with Absolute Radio branding</figcaption></figure> <p>On 12 April 2007, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">SMG plc</a> was to sell Virgin Radio, to enable the company to focus on its television station, <a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 May 2008 SMG sold Virgin Radio to TIML Golden Square Limited, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Group" title="The Times Group">The Times Group</a> for £53.2 million, with £15 million set aside for rebranding. TIML was given 90 days' grace in which to rebrand the station. As part of the deal, Absolute Radio International, operator of two FM licences in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, would manage the station.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 September 2008 it was announced that Virgin Radio would be rebranded as Absolute Radio on 28 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Absolute_Radio_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Absolute_Radio-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, changes to the line-up were made known with <a href="/wiki/JK_and_Joel" title="JK and Joel">JK and Joel</a>, Robin Burke, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hadley" title="Tony Hadley">Tony Hadley</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Osborne_(broadcaster)" title="John Osborne (broadcaster)">John Osborne</a> leaving the station and <a href="/wiki/Allan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan Lake">Allan Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Russell" class="mw-redirect" title="Joanna Russell">Joanna Russell</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Trent_FM" title="Trent FM">Trent FM</a>'s Jo & Twiggy) and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Shaw_(presenter)" title="Tim Shaw (presenter)">Tim Shaw</a> joining,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though Osborne would return shortly after. The last song to be played on Virgin Radio was "<a href="/wiki/American_Pie_(song)" title="American Pie (song)">American Pie</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Don_McLean" title="Don McLean">Don McLean</a> and the first to be played on Absolute Radio was "<a href="/wiki/A_Day_in_the_Life" title="A Day in the Life">A Day in the Life</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Listening figures for the final quarter of 2008 showed that almost 20% of former Virgin Radio listeners had been lost since the rebranding to Absolute Radio.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio</a> brand relaunched via DAB and online on 30 March 2016, following a new partnership with <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless Group">Wireless Group</a> and approval of its digital terrestrial commercial radio licence by Ofcom in March 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013–present:_Acquisition_by_Bauer_Media"><span id="2013.E2.80.93present:_Acquisition_by_Bauer_Media"></span>2013–present: Acquisition by Bauer Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2013–present: Acquisition by Bauer Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 July 2013, <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media Group</a> announced it intended to purchase Absolute from <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Group" title="The Times Group">The Times Group</a> for an amount believed to be between £20m and £25m, pending regulatory approval.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deal was cleared by the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Fair_Trading" title="Office of Fair Trading">Office of Fair Trading</a> on 23 December.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, by September 2014, all other London-based <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauer Radio">Bauer</a> stations moved from Mappin House to a refurbished <a href="/wiki/Golden_Square" title="Golden Square">One Golden Square</a>, creating a new national radio hub. </p><p>Bauer Radio announced in July 2015 that Absolute Radio would be taking up the 105.2 FM frequency in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a>, previously held by <a href="/wiki/Planet_Rock_(radio_station)" title="Planet Rock (radio station)">Planet Rock</a>. Absolute launched on 105.2 FM on 7 September 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station ended transmission on that frequency on 16 December 2018, following Bauer's decision to broadcast <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Birmingham_%26_The_West_Midlands" title="Greatest Hits Radio Birmingham & The West Midlands">Greatest Hits Radio</a> on FM across the West Midlands. </p><p>In March 2021, Ofcom approved Bauer's application for permission to alter the FM licence held by the London FM relay of Absolute Radio, enabling the frequency to be used to provide a London variant of Greatest Hits Radio.<sup id="cite_ref-x57_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x57-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Absolute Radio continued to be available by way of its national AM and digital transmissions. The change took place on 17 May.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At midnight on 20 January 2023, the station stopped broadcasting on AM.<sup id="cite_ref-National_1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ofcom issued Bauer Radio a £25,000 fine and revoked the medium wave licence on 13 February 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 December 2023, Absolute Radio was removed from <a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> TV platform, followed by <a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media" title="Virgin Media">Virgin Media</a> TV platforms on 13 December, along with every other radio station owned by Bauer Media on either of the three TV platforms, including <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_80s" title="Absolute Radio 80s">Absolute Radio 80s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_90s" title="Absolute Radio 90s">Absolute Radio 90s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock" title="Absolute Radio Classic Rock">Absolute Radio Classic Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(UK_radio_station)" title="Kiss (UK radio station)">Kiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Planet_Rock_(radio_station)" title="Planet Rock (radio station)">Planet Rock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Bauer said it would vacate One Golden Square and move to The Lantern, 75 <a href="/wiki/Hampstead_Road,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampstead Road, London">Hampstead Road</a> in Euston.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last broadcasts from the Golden Square studios took place in April 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programming">Programming</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Programming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audience_and_playlist">Audience and playlist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Audience and playlist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Radio launched aiming at a target group of 24- to 44-year-olds<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with a focus on album music, arguing that "singles chart shows on Radio 1 and local commercial radio were outdated because albums outsold singles by three to one."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would provide a blend of recent album tracks and chart music from the past 25 years and aim to fill the "hole in the middle" between BBC Radio 1 and local commercial radio, which were specifically aimed at young audiences, and "gold" stations offering classic hits.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A year after launch, David Campbell was quoted as saying that "the music policy was wrong, even though Virgin had lots of research to suggest it was doing what listeners said they wanted. We did something we should never do: pursue critical acclaim, playing obscure tracks, gaining the praise of the music press." The station's approach had been to mix in more familiar music.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fru Hazlitt, when interviewed for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> in September 2006, described the type of music the station championed: "It's pretty much mainstream rock festival-type music. <a href="/wiki/Razorlight" title="Razorlight">Razorlight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keane_(band)" title="Keane (band)">Keane</a>. These bands are becoming some of the biggest in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When announcing the rebrand as Absolute Radio on the One Golden Square blog, Clive Dickens, chief operating officer, noted that the station would be "sticking with real music – not manufactured rubbish – and we're building on the amount of live music we do – we're just going to discover more of all of it."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The music policy continues to focus on guitar-based rock, mostly British. In a blog post in February 2009, Head of Music James Curran noted that the 30 most-played artists in the first four months of Absolute Radio had been: <a href="/wiki/Manic_Street_Preachers" title="Manic Street Preachers">Manic Street Preachers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coldplay" title="Coldplay">Coldplay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Monkeys" title="Arctic Monkeys">Arctic Monkeys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_Patrol" title="Snow Patrol">Snow Patrol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Leon" title="Kings of Leon">Kings of Leon</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Killers" title="The Killers">The Killers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travis_(band)" title="Travis (band)">Travis</a>, <a href="/wiki/U2" title="U2">U2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Placebo_(band)" title="Placebo (band)">Placebo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suede_(band)" title="Suede (band)">Suede</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Chiefs" title="Kaiser Chiefs">Kaiser Chiefs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasabian" title="Kasabian">Kasabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keane_(band)" title="Keane (band)">Keane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stereophonics" title="Stereophonics">Stereophonics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caesars_(band)" title="Caesars (band)">Caesars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbow_(band)" title="Elbow (band)">Elbow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickelback" title="Nickelback">Nickelback</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Offspring" title="The Offspring">The Offspring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biffy_Clyro" title="Biffy Clyro">Biffy Clyro</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Police" title="The Police">The Police</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blur_(band)" title="Blur (band)">Blur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Premium_service">Premium service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Premium service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 14 July 2022, Absolute Radio launched Absolute Radio Premium where users can listen to the various stations without advert breaks and with the ability to skip a song. The service also offers five exclusive stations: Absolute Radio Acoustic, Absolute Radio Classic Country, Andy Bush's Indie Disco 24/7, Through the Decades and Haven't Heard It for Ages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_DJs">Notable DJs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable DJs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weekdays">Weekdays</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Weekdays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Berry_(presenter)" title="Dave Berry (presenter)">Dave Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Graham" title="Leona Graham">Leona Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Perry" title="Danielle Perry">Danielle Perry</a></li> <li>Andy Bush and Richie Firth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Champion_(presenter)" title="Sarah Champion (presenter)">Sarah Champion</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weekends">Weekends</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Weekends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Richardson" title="Jon Richardson">Jon Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Manford" title="Jason Manford">Jason Manford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_Sturgess" title="Claire Sturgess">Claire Sturgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Forde" title="Matt Forde">Matt Forde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_(musician)" title="Skin (musician)">Skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burgess_(musician)" title="Tim Burgess (musician)">Tim Burgess</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_former_presenters">Notable former presenters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable former presenters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Radio's original line-up included <a href="/wiki/Russ_Williams_(DJ)" title="Russ Williams (DJ)">Russ Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Skinner_(broadcaster)" title="Richard Skinner (broadcaster)">Richard Skinner</a>, Mitch Johnson, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vance" title="Tommy Vance">Tommy Vance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Coleman_(presenter)" title="Jonathan Coleman (presenter)">Jonathan Coleman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Abbot" title="Nick Abbot">Nick Abbot</a>. </p><p>Other past presenters on the network include <a href="/wiki/Danny_Baker" title="Danny Baker">Danny Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Banks" title="Robin Banks">Robin Banks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelly-Anne_Smith" title="Kelly-Anne Smith">Kelly-Anne Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vicki_Butler-Henderson" title="Vicki Butler-Henderson">Vicki Butler-Henderson</a>, Robin Burke. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Collins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Collins (page does not exist)">Martin Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Davies" title="Gary Davies">Gary Davies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daryl_Denham" title="Daryl Denham">Daryl Denham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(presenter)" title="Chris Evans (presenter)">Chris Evans</a> (who also owned the station), <a href="/wiki/Ben_Jones_(DJ)" title="Ben Jones (DJ)">Ben Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Francis_(broadcaster)" title="Neil Francis (broadcaster)">Neil Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Freeman" title="Alan Freeman">Alan Freeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hadley" title="Tony Hadley">Tony Hadley</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Spandau_Ballet" title="Spandau Ballet">Spandau Ballet</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nicky_Horne" title="Nicky Horne">Nicky Horne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janey_Lee_Grace" title="Janey Lee Grace">Janey Lee Grace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Greening" title="Kevin Greening">Kevin Greening</a>, Simon James and Hill, <a href="/wiki/Gary_King_(radio_presenter)" title="Gary King (radio presenter)">Gary King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jason_King_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason King (radio)">Jason King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phil_Kennedy" title="Phil Kennedy">Phil Kennedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Kyle" title="Jeremy Kyle">Jeremy Kyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan Lake">Allan Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iain_Lee" title="Iain Lee">Iain Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Lloyd" title="Geoff Lloyd">Geoff Lloyd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Lovejoy" title="Tim Lovejoy">Tim Lovejoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Merritt" title="James Merritt">James Merritt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Mitchell_(broadcaster)" title="Pete Mitchell (broadcaster)">Pete Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Murray" title="Al Murray">Al Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_O%27Connell" title="Christian O'Connell">Christian O'Connell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Osborne_(broadcaster)" title="John Osborne (broadcaster)">John Osborne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Parsons" title="Lynn Parsons">Lynn Parsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Penk" title="Steve Penk">Steve Penk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annabel_Port" title="Annabel Port">Annabel Port</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vic_Reeves" class="mw-redirect" title="Vic Reeves">Vic Reeves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joel_Ross_(DJ)" title="Joel Ross (DJ)">Joel Ross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jo_Russell" title="Jo Russell">Jo Russell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holly_Samos" title="Holly Samos">Holly Samos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Scott_(broadcaster)" title="Harriet Scott (broadcaster)">Harriet Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Shaw_(presenter)" title="Tim Shaw (presenter)">Tim Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graeme_Smith_(radio_presenter)" title="Graeme Smith (radio presenter)">Graeme Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suggs_(singer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suggs (singer)">Suggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Tennant" title="David Tennant">David Tennant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clive_Warren" title="Clive Warren">Clive Warren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Cokes" title="Ray Cokes">Ray Cokes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Gorman" title="Dave Gorman">Dave Gorman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Donaldson" title="Pete Donaldson">Pete Donaldson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Skinner" title="Frank Skinner">Frank Skinner</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the 2010–11 to the 2015–16 seasons, Absolute Radio broadcast live commentary of 32 <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> games on Saturday afternoons. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Wright" title="Ian Wright">Ian Wright</a> joined the station to host a post-match phone-in programme, as well as a regular music show on Absolute Radio 90s and a football podcast. </p><p>From 2013 to 2014, Absolute Radio held UK radio rights to <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comedy">Comedy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, Absolute Radio commissioned its first scripted comedy series, <i>Rockanory</i>. Based on a number of <i>Rock Star Babylon</i> stories by former <i><a href="/wiki/The_Now_Show" title="The Now Show">Now Show</a></i> comedian <a href="/wiki/Jon_Holmes" title="Jon Holmes">Jon Holmes</a>, the series featured the voices of <a href="/wiki/Shaun_Keaveny" title="Shaun Keaveny">Shaun Keaveny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jon_Culshaw" title="Jon Culshaw">Jon Culshaw</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jake_Yapp" title="Jake Yapp">Jake Yapp</a>. Short episodes were broadcast Monday to Thursday at 11<span class="nowrap"> </span>pm for six weeks from 6 September 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcast">Broadcast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Broadcast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studios">Studios</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Studios"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The station broadcast from studios in One Golden Square until April 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowie_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowie-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It currently broadcasts from Bauer's building The Lantern, near <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">Euston railway station</a> in London. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AM_transmission">AM transmission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: AM transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1215 kHz frequency (247 metres) was used, in selected areas only, by the BBC Light Programme until 1967. It was then used nationally as the original home of BBC Radio 1<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until 22 November 1978, then from 23 November 1978 until 28 February 1992 by BBC Radio 3.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992-1993, Virgin replaced the valve-based transmitters at the ex-BBC transmitter sites it acquired with solid-state transmitters. </p><p>Virgin Radio 1215 AM then broadcast from 30 April 1993 to 28 September 2008, and Absolute Radio 1215 AM broadcast from 29 September 2008 to 19 January 2023. </p><p>In a number of areas, particularly where the signals from the main 1215 transmitters overlapped with each other, the station used filler transmitters on different frequencies.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_AM_broadcasting">End of AM broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: End of AM broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Wednesday 4 January 2023, <a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group#Bauer_Media_brands" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media Group</a> announced that all the station's remaining AM transmitters would be turned off and that it would be no longer broadcasting on AM from Friday 20 January,<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MWShutdown_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWShutdown-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> turning Absolute Radio into a digital-only station.<sup id="cite_ref-National_1_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the last few weeks, taking advantage of the separate satellite feed to the AM transmitter sites, the commercial breaks split-linked, being replaced on AM by the presenter of the show that was on reading the pending closedown script, then Leona Graham reading the same script as the station voice, then part of a radio-themed song being played before programming cut back in. On Leona's own show, to avoid duplicating her announcement, she introduced the radio-themed songs, even fulfilling requests. </p><p>The station closed on AM at midnight on Friday 20 January 2023, with "<a href="/wiki/Absolute_Beginners_(David_Bowie_song)" title="Absolute Beginners (David Bowie song)">Absolute Beginners</a>" by <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> being the last ever song being broadcast on its AM frequencies. Ten minutes before going off air, the station played a tribute to their former AM frequencies, introduced by Jay Lawrence (the presenter of the last normal show that had just been on), and starting with clips from <a href="/wiki/BBC_Light_Programme" title="BBC Light Programme">BBC Light Programme</a> (up to 1967), <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a> (1967-1978) and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a> (1978-1992), through its life as Virgin 1215 (1993-2008) and ending with the relaunch as Absolute Radio (late 2008) and the aforementioned song.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last words the announcers said were, "...and to 1215 AM: Thanks. You were brilliant."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8gEaS_Q1bc">[1]</a> During this split link, the digital version of Absolute Radio ran an Elton John-related segment. </p><p>From midnight on Friday 20 January 2023, a closedown loop (read by Leona Graham as the station voice) carried information advising listeners stating that Absolute Radio "is no longer available on AM" and redirecting listeners to <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a>, and the Absolute Radio mobile and smart speaker applications.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Monday 23 January 2023, the transmitters for its AM service began to be switched off. Transmission of the closedown loop that carried information about Absolute Radio's other platforms stopped at 2:15<span class="nowrap"> </span>pm on Thursday 26 January 2023 from the station's last AM transmitter to be switched off, in Lisnagarvey, Northern Ireland (with the very last words being "thanks for listening to Absolute Radio-") <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=TGmQSd3zIAg&feature=youtu.be">[2]</a> but the loop remained playing on the satellite feed to the AM transmitters for many months afterwards, until that was finally removed. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Transmitter Name</th> <th>Coverage</th> <th>Frequency (kHz)</th> <th>EMRP (kW)</th> <th>Grid Reference</th> <th>Air date </th></tr> <tr> <td>** Boston<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Lincolnshire</td> <td>1242 (off air)</td> <td>2</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=52.985723_N_0.124526_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">TF260448</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001994-09-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 September 1994</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Brighton (Southwick)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Sussex</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>1.1</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=50.832282_N_0.249077_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">TQ234051</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-11-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 November 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Brookmans_Park_transmitting_station" title="Brookmans Park transmitting station">Brookmans Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>London, Hertfordshire, Essex, South Bedfordshire</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>125</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.729579_N_0.178420_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">TL259050</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-08-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">3 August 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Chesterton Fen<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>South and Central Cambridgeshire</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>0.2</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=52.225586_N_0.161008_E_region:GB_dim:4083m">TL477608</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001994-09-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 September 1994</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Dartford Tunnel</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dartford_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartford Tunnel">Dartford Tunnel</a></td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>0.004</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.469242_N_0.260426_E_region:GB_dim:4083m">TQ571769</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Droitwich_transmitting_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Droitwich transmitting station">Droitwich</a><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>West Midlands</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>105</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=52.294782_N_2.105526_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SO929663</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Fareham<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>South Hampshire and Isle of Wight</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>1</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=50.849151_N_1.225784_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SU546058</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Fern Barrow<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Dorset</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>0.25</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=50.732975_N_1.902177_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SZ070926</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">11 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Gloucester<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Gloucestershire</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>0.3</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.905309_N_2.232520_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SO841230</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">14 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Greenside Scalp<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>East Tayside</td> <td>1242 (off air)</td> <td>0.5</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=56.449715_N_2.924665_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">NO431290</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Guildford (Pirbright)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>West Surrey and North East Hampshire</td> <td>1260 (off air)</td> <td>0.5</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.277981_N_0.626475_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SU959541</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-12-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">24 December 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Hoo<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>North and West Kent, South and Central Essex</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>2</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.418715_N_0.572930_E_region:GB_dim:4083m">TQ790720</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Hull<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>East Riding of Yorkshire, Northern Lincolnshire</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>0.32</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=53.715523_N_0.230116_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">TA169258</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Kings Heath<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Northamptonshire</td> <td>1233 (off air)</td> <td>0.5</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=52.262895_N_0.917150_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SP740633</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-11-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">7 November 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Lisnagarvey_transmitting_station" title="Lisnagarvey transmitting station">Lisnagarvey</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Northern Ireland</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>16</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=61.894564_N_6.115212_E_region:GB_dim:4083m">IJ258619</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Lydd<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>South East Kent and South East Sussex</td> <td>1260 (off air)</td> <td>2</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=50.950145_N_0.915748_E_region:GB_dim:4083m">TR049208</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001995-04-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">2 April 1995</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Manningtree<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>South East Suffolk and North East Essex</td> <td>1233 (off air)</td> <td>0.5</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.923449_N_1.086074_E_region:GB_dim:4083m">TM123295</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-11-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">6 November 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Moorside_Edge_transmitting_station" title="Moorside Edge transmitting station">Moorside Edge</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>North West and Yorkshire</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>200</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=53.635077_N_1.895611_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SE070154</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-08-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">8 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Oxford_transmitting_station" title="Oxford transmitting station">Oxford</a><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Oxfordshire</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>0.25</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.790290_N_1.179334_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SP567105</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">12 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Plymouth<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Devon</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>1.1</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=50.406903_N_4.126337_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SX490585</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Postwick<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>East Norfolk and North East Suffolk</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>1.2</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=52.626165_N_1.401345_E_region:GB_dim:4083m">TG303086</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">16 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Redmoss<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Aberdeen and East Grampian</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>2.3</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=57.112515_N_2.097396_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">NJ942024</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">25 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Redruth_transmitting_station" title="Redruth transmitting station">Redruth</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Cornwall</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>2</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=50.218152_N_5.212843_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SW709403</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001997-07-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">28 July 1997</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Sheffield<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>South Yorkshire</td> <td>1233 (off air)</td> <td>0.3</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=53.359838_N_1.478570_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SK348849</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-11-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">6 November 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Sideway<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Staffordshire</td> <td>1242 (off air)</td> <td>0.5</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=52.987790_N_2.186161_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SJ876434</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-07-09-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">9 July 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Stockton<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Cleveland</td> <td>1242 (off air)</td> <td>1</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=54.589655_N_1.351573_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">NZ420218</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">15 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Swindon<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Wiltshire</td> <td>1233 (off air)</td> <td>0.1</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.571825_N_1.815262_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SU129859</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-11-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">11 November 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Torbay<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Devon</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>1</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=50.456067_N_3.581922_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SX878630</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">19 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Trowell<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Nottinghamshire</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>0.5</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=52.953200_N_1.248295_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SK506398</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">27 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Wallasey<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Merseyside</td> <td>1197 (off air)</td> <td>0.4</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=53.425592_N_3.047373_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">SJ305926</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">27 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Washford_transmitting_station" title="Washford transmitting station">Washford</a><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>South Wales, Avon, Somerset</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>100</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.160466_N_3.348480_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">ST058410</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">11 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** <a href="/wiki/Westerglen_transmitting_station" title="Westerglen transmitting station">Westerglen</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Central Scotland</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>100</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=55.975290_N_3.815519_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">NS868773</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">10 March 1993</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>** Wrekenton<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Tyne and Wear</td> <td>1215 (off air)</td> <td>2.2</td> <td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" style="white-space: nowrap"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=54.932132_N_1.573927_W_region:GB_dim:4083m">NZ274598</a></span></td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-03-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">18 March 1993</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_distribution">Satellite distribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Satellite distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the summer of 1993, Virgin Radio began broadcasting in stereo on the <a href="/wiki/Astra_1A" title="Astra 1A">Astra 1A</a> satellite on an audio sub-carrier of the <a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a> channel.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This service ceased on 1 July 2001 in anticipation of Sky's cessation of its analogue satellite service.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Virgin Radio was one of the first 20 radio stations which joined the Sky Digital service on 20 November 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carried on <a href="/wiki/Astra_2A" title="Astra 2A">Astra 2A</a>, it launched on the channel 917 of the Sky EPG,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then could be found on <a href="/wiki/Astra_2G" title="Astra 2G">Astra 2G</a> as Absolute Radio on channel 0107 of SKY UK EPG. Then at the end of 2023 Absolute Radio and its sister channels were removed from Sky after their owner wanted to focus on a more digtal market.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Absolute Radio also broadcasts through the <a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_9B" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelsat 9B">Eutelsat 9B</a> satellite unencrypted signal at 12.092 MHz, H polarization, azimuth 9°E.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FM_transmission">FM transmission</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: FM transmission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The station was available on 105.8 FM from the <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Palace_transmitting_station" title="Crystal Palace transmitting station">Crystal Palace transmitting station</a> in London. This transmission began in 1995. In February 2021 Bauer applied to <a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a> for permission to amend the FM broadcast licence to allow the frequency to be used for a London relay of <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a>; Absolute Radio will remain available in London through its retained digital outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 March 2021, following a consultation, Ofcom announced that <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a> would be taking over the 105.8 FM frequency on 17 May 2021<sup id="cite_ref-x57_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x57-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The station was previously available in the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a> on 105.2 FM from the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield_transmitting_station" title="Sutton Coldfield transmitting station">Sutton Coldfield transmitter</a> between 7 September 2015 and 16 December 2018. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Website_and_internet_broadcasting">Website and internet broadcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Website and internet broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Radio launched its first website on 7 March 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-website-history_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-history-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by <a href="/wiki/AKQA" title="AKQA">AKQA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it hosted a live <a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a> stream, making it the first European radio station to stream 24-hours a day on the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-website-history_122-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-history-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The station went on to redesign the website a further six times as Virgin Radio.<sup id="cite_ref-website-history_122-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-history-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Streaming audio formats and presentation developed over time: <a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a> streaming was added in July 1999, an interactive media player launched in October 1999, an <a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a> stream was launched in June 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-website-history_122-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-history-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a> and Ogg-<a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Audio_Codec" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Lossless Audio Codec">FLAC</a> streams were launched in December 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Autumn 2012 it launched the <a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a> Streaming Trial<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of the Listen Labs, including streams for all seven stations in 24, 64 and 96 kbit/s. This trial was cancelled without further notice in autumn 2014, along with the live webcams and the public playlist API.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, Virgin Radio joined the Measurecast<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Arbitron" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbitron">Arbitron</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> internet broadcasting measurement services. Both measurement services have since closed. In 2009, Absolute Radio started publishing its internet listening and download statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Virgin Radio was also among the first to explore the opportunities for delivering its services to mobile phones. It took part in a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> in 1999 to investigate the use of <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">third-generation</a> (3G) mobile phone technologies for radio,<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launched a <a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a> site in 2000<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and took part in a trial in 2001 with <a href="/wiki/Crown_Castle_International_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Castle International Corp.">Crown Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manx_Telecom" title="Manx Telecom">Manx Telecom</a> to explore the use of 3G phones to add interactivity to digital radio broadcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, Absolute Radio launched an application for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc">Apple</a> <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tagging for the Apple <a href="/wiki/IPod_Nano" title="IPod Nano">iPod Nano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 applications were released for the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Amazon Kindle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Ovi_(Nokia)" title="Ovi (Nokia)">Nokia Ovi Store</a>, the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone_7" title="Windows Phone 7">Windows Phone 7</a><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Absolute Radio was selected as a launch partner for the Apple <a href="/wiki/IAd" title="IAd">iAd</a> mobile advertising network.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2014, Absolute Radio Network has restricted the access to the internet radio on their own website to UK listeners only, and removed their apps for iPhone and Android in non-UK app stores.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_stations">Sister stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sister stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_sister_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Radio sister stations">Absolute Radio sister stations</a></div> <p>A number of subsidiary stations to Virgin Radio and Absolute Radio have been launched as online and <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a> services over recent years, many being established during the period when SMG plc was in charge of the station. The stations were collectively known as the <b>Virgin Radio Network</b> (now the <b>Absolute Radio Network</b>). All Absolute branded channels broadcast online and via smartphone apps, with several also transmitted over <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a> and digital television platforms. The line-up of stations within the network has changed over time, and those currently on air are: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock">Absolute Radio Classic Rock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio Classic Rock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock" title="Absolute Radio Classic Rock">Absolute Radio Classic Rock</a></div> <p>A radio station on DAB, Virgin Media, Sky and the internet playing <a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">classic rock</a> from the 1960s to the 1990s. Launched as Virgin Radio Classic Rock in 2000 as part of SMG Radio's strategy to trade total network listening hours at a time when analogue listening hours had been falling. The service was rebranded as Absolute Radio Classic Rock in 2008. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_60s">Absolute Radio 60s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 60s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_60s" title="Absolute Radio 60s">Absolute Radio 60s</a></div> <p>Launched on 22 November 2011, Absolute 60s is the sixth radio station launched under the Absolute branding. The station is broadcast on DAB, some digital television networks, and online. The station has defined itself as "the home of the Beatles, Stones and Mo-Town". With <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones" title="The Rolling Stones">The Rolling Stones</a> as highlights of the station's broadcasts, it plays music originating from the 1960s. Pete Mitchell was the main daytime presenter, returning to Golden Square: he was last on Virgin Radio in 2005 hosting the Breakfast show with Geoff Lloyd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_70s">Absolute Radio 70s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 70s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_70s" title="Absolute Radio 70s">Absolute Radio 70s</a></div> <p>Launched on 29 November 2011, Absolute 70s is the seventh radio station launched under the Absolute branding. The station is broadcast on DAB and online. With <a href="/wiki/Rod_Stewart" title="Rod Stewart">Rod Stewart</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a> as highlights of the station's broadcast, it plays music originating from the 1970s. Richard Skinner, another previous DJ from the Virgin Radio days, returned to Golden Square to feature on this station. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_80s">Absolute Radio 80s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 80s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_80s" title="Absolute Radio 80s">Absolute Radio 80s</a></div> <p>A radio station launched on 4 December 2009 on DAB, Freesat, Sky, Virgin Media and the internet which plays <a href="/wiki/Classic_hits" title="Classic hits">classic hits</a> and is aimed at "reluctant adults" who want to reconnect with the tunes of their youth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_90s">Absolute Radio 90s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 90s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_90s" title="Absolute Radio 90s">Absolute Radio 90s</a></div> <p>Absolute Radio 90s launched on 21 June 2010 on DAB to a 13 million population in London, Essex, Wiltshire, Bristol, Berkshire and Bath. The station is also available on Sky 0201 and online via website and mobile <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a>. The first song to be played on the station was "<a href="/wiki/Roll_with_It_(Oasis_song)" title="Roll with It (Oasis song)">Roll with It</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_00s">Absolute Radio 00s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 00s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_00s" title="Absolute Radio 00s">Absolute Radio 00s</a></div> <p>Absolute Radio 00s launched on 10 December 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> online and on DAB in London.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After an internet poll, the first song played was "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Brightside" title="Mr. Brightside">Mr. Brightside</a>" by <a href="/wiki/The_Killers" title="The Killers">The Killers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_10s">Absolute Radio 10s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 10s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_10s" title="Absolute Radio 10s">Absolute Radio 10s</a></div> <p>Absolute Radio 10s launched on 18 November 2019 and operates online and on DAB in London.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first song played by presenter Jay Lawrence was <a href="/wiki/Bastille_(band)" title="Bastille (band)">Bastille</a> with "<a href="/wiki/Pompeii_(song)" title="Pompeii (song)">Pompeii</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_20s">Absolute Radio 20s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 20s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_20s" title="Absolute Radio 20s">Absolute Radio 20s</a></div> <p>Absolute Radio 20s launched on 24 February 2020 and operates solely online.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first song played was "Instant History" by <a href="/wiki/Biffy_Clyro" title="Biffy Clyro">Biffy Clyro</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_Country">Absolute Radio Country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio Country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Country_Hits_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Country Hits Radio">Country Hits Radio</a></div> <p>Absolute Radio Country previously launched as Country Hits Radio in 2019 before being rebranded on 17 May 2021. The first song to play after the relaunch was "<a href="/wiki/Jolene_(song)" title="Jolene (song)">Jolene</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a>. In June 2022, an Absolute Radio Classic Country<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> streaming service was added to their Absolute Radio Premium subscription package. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_Premium">Absolute Radio Premium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio Premium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bauer launched a subscription streaming service for Absolute Radio and KISS,<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included five new advert-free radio services under the Absolute Radio brand, alongside the original ten Absolute Radio channels. Launching at the end of June 2022, the channels included 24/7 versions of <i>Andy Bush's Indie Disco</i><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> programme and <i>Haven't Heard It For Ages</i> programme feature, and channels called Through The Decades, Absolute Radio Classic Country and Absolute Radio Acoustic.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 November 2022, three more stations were added to the service called Absolute Radio 50s, Absolute Radio Movies and Absolute Radio Terrace Anthems<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_You">Absolute Radio You</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio You"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a pop up service based around a competition, which gives the listener the chance to pitch a new service to Absolute with the winning entry appearing each February. The winning idea of the 2024 competition<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> came from Scottish sisters Rachael and Emma Hare, and is called Absolute Radio Sisters. The service, whose strapline is ‘Where Sibling Rivalry Matters’, plays a mixture of music from the 1990s and 2000s, and will be on air from 12 to 22 February 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pop-up follows Absolute Radio Natalie in 2022 ‘Where sing-alongs matter’<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Absolute Radio Kevin, which played debut singles and tracks from debut albums in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_Calm">Absolute Radio Calm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio Calm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This pop up station was launched on 13 May 2024 during Mental Health Awareness Week and will be available for two weeks. It features calming sounds rather than music. It is available on the Absolute Radio app and on smart speakers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_spin-off_stations">Former spin-off stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Former spin-off stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_sister_stations#Former_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Radio sister stations">Absolute Radio sister stations § Former stations</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_Extra">Absolute Radio Extra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio Extra"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Established in 2010, Absolute Radio Extra enabled Absolute to carry its <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> football coverage on DAB. During match coverage, the analogue frequencies of Absolute were split, with the London 105.8 FM service carrying scores-and-music show <i>Rock 'n Roll Football</i>, and the national 1215 AM service carrying match commentary. On DAB, the main Absolute service carried <i>Rock 'n Roll Football</i>, with Extra carrying match commentary. Extra was also used for coverage of music festivals and events (such as <a href="/wiki/V_Festival" title="V Festival">V Festival</a>) in addition to the coverage available on the main station. </p><p>Absolute Radio Extra has subsequently ceased operation: the core Absolute service on DAB continues to relay the shared programming output of the national AM/London FM service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Radio_40s">Absolute Radio 40s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Absolute Radio 40s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Absolute Radio 40s was a pop-up station in May 2020, which celebrated the 75th anniversary of VE Day. The station used the 1215 MW frequency to play songs from The Andrews Sisters, Vera Lynn, Billie Holiday, Judy Garland, Glenn Miller, Bing Crosby, Doris Day and Gracie Fields for 24 hours with Dave Berry,<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leona Graham<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Claire Sturgess presenting shows, which included archive and reminisces from VE Day veterans.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Absolute Radio 40s was also found online and on DAB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Absolute_Xtreme">Absolute Xtreme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Absolute Xtreme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Xtreme" title="Absolute Xtreme">Absolute Xtreme</a></div> <p>A radio station on DAB, Virgin Media, Sky and the Internet, playing new music. Absolute Xtreme was launched (as Virgin Radio Xtreme) on 5 September 2005, by Lali Parikh (Station Manager) with Steve Harris being the main on-air talent. On 4 December 2009, Absolute Xtreme was replaced on DAB and digital TV by <a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_80s" title="Absolute Radio 80s">Absolute Radio 80s</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_pre-Absolute_spin-off_stations">Other pre-Absolute spin-off stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Other pre-Absolute spin-off stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="dabbl">dabbl</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: dabbl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dabbl" title="Dabbl">dabbl</a></div> <p>dabbl was a user-controlled music radio station broadcast on the Internet and selected local DAB multiplexes 24 hours a day, and on DAB in London from 7 pm to 6 am daily. Its content was chosen by members of Absolute's VIP Service, who selected songs which were then voted for, and songs with the most votes were played. dabbl has now ceased, its DAB slots outside London taken by Absolute Radio 90s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquid">Liquid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Liquid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liquid was a station playing indie, alternative and Britpop. It ran on DAB in London between 2000 and 2004, with its slot taken by Virgin Radio Classic Rock (now Absolute Classic Rock). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Radio_Groove">Virgin Radio Groove</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Virgin Radio Groove"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Groove" title="Virgin Radio Groove">Virgin Radio Groove</a></div> <p>A radio station on DAB, Virgin Media, Sky and the Internet which played <a href="/wiki/Motown_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown Records">motown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> music. Originally named <i>The Groove</i>, it was rebranded as a Virgin Radio station in 2004 and closed at the end of 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-VirginRadioWorld.com_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VirginRadioWorld.com-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Radio_Party_Classics">Virgin Radio Party Classics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Virgin Radio Party Classics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Launched on 15 June 2006, Virgin Radio Party Classics played party <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">pop</a> music. The radio station was based on <a href="/wiki/Graham_McPherson" class="mw-redirect" title="Graham McPherson">Suggs</a>' <i>Virgin Party Classics</i> show broadcast on Virgin Radio. The station, which broadcast on Sky Digital and online, closed on 3 October 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virgin_Radio_Viva_(cancelled)"><span id="Virgin_Radio_Viva_.28cancelled.29"></span>Virgin Radio Viva (cancelled)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Virgin Radio Viva (cancelled)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virgin Radio Viva, which was due to launch on the new <a href="/wiki/4_Digital_Group" title="4 Digital Group">4 Digital Group</a> platform (which ultimately never launched), was due to be a popular music station aimed at 15- to 29-year-old females. It did not go ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-VirginRadioWorld.com_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VirginRadioWorld.com-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Absolute Radio <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/playlist/">https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/playlist/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628140547/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=2771854">"Broadcasting Act 1990"</a>. London: HMSO. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=2771854">the original</a> on 28 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Broadcasting+Act+1990&rft.place=London&rft.pub=HMSO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statutelaw.gov.uk%2Fcontent.aspx%3FactiveTextDocId%3D2771854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/rau/about-ra/factsheets/fs3.html">"Fact Sheet 3: The Radio Authority: Its licences and licensing procedures"</a>. London: Radio Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605121120/http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/rau/about-ra/factsheets/fs3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet+3%3A+The+Radio+Authority%3A+Its+licences+and+licensing+procedures&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Radio+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2Fstatic%2Farchive%2Frau%2Fabout-ra%2Ffactsheets%2Ffs3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-19920205-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-19920205_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian-19920205_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinton1992" class="citation news cs1">Linton, Martin (5 February 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1992/02/05&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00300&PageLabel=3">"Pop hopefuls go under the hammer and over the top"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pop+hopefuls+go+under+the+hammer+and+over+the+top&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1992-02-05&rft.aulast=Linton&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1992%2F02%2F05%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00300%26PageLabel%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/rau/newsroom/news-release/99/pr094.htm">"Radio Authority consults on INR opt-outs"</a>. London: Radio Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radio+Authority+consults+on+INR+opt-outs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Radio+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2Fstatic%2Farchive%2Frau%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews-release%2F99%2Fpr094.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry1992" class="citation news cs1">Henry, Georgina (3 April 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1992/04/03&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00209&PageLabel=2">"TV-am and Virgin awarded pop radio franchise"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=TV-am+and+Virgin+awarded+pop+radio+franchise&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1992-04-03&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Georgina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1992%2F04%2F03%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00209%26PageLabel%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosking1992" class="citation news cs1">Hosking, Patrick (2 December 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/tvam-gives-up-hunt-for-a-new-business-1561057.html">"TV-am gives up hunt for a new business"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=TV-am+gives+up+hunt+for+a+new+business&rft.date=1992-12-02&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Ftvam-gives-up-hunt-for-a-new-business-1561057.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-19930419-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-19930419_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-19930419_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulf1993" class="citation news cs1">Culf, Andrew (19 April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1993/04/19&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar02200&PageLabel=22">"Sing-along-a-Branson"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sing-along-a-Branson&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1993-04-19&rft.aulast=Culf&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1993%2F04%2F19%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr02200%26PageLabel%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosking1993" class="citation news cs1">Hosking, Patrick (29 April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/branson-takes-to-the-airwaves-hopes-are-high-as-virgin-radio-begins-broadcasting-patrick-hosking-reports-1458133.html">"Branson takes to the airwaves: Hopes are high as Virgin Radio begins broadcasting"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Branson+takes+to+the+airwaves%3A+Hopes+are+high+as+Virgin+Radio+begins+broadcasting.&rft.date=1993-04-29&rft.aulast=Hosking&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fbranson-takes-to-the-airwaves-hopes-are-high-as-virgin-radio-begins-broadcasting-patrick-hosking-reports-1458133.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Observer-1997-04-13-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Observer-1997-04-13_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Observer-1997-04-13_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1997" class="citation news cs1">Bell, Emily (13 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOB/1997/04/13&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar03706&PageLabel=37">"Branson to buy back radio shares"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. London. p. 37<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Branson+to+buy+back+radio+shares&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1997-04-13&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DTOB%2F1997%2F04%2F13%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr03706%26PageLabel%3D37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFgadgets_and_games_19752012" class="citation web cs1">gadgets and games 1975 (7 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMatIckk1eg">"THIS IS THE LAUNCH OF VIRGIN RADIO IN THE UK ON THE 30TH APRIL 1993"</a> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THIS+IS+THE+LAUNCH+OF+VIRGIN+RADIO+IN+THE+UK+ON+THE+30TH+APRIL+1993&rft.date=2012-03-07&rft.au=gadgets+and+games+1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaMatIckk1eg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarpf1993" class="citation news cs1">Karpf, Anne (1 May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1993/05/01&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00500&PageLabel=5">"Born to be wild, Branson records personal history"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Born+to+be+wild%2C+Branson+records+personal+history&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.aulast=Karpf&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1993%2F05%2F01%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00500%26PageLabel%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLister1993" class="citation news cs1">Lister, David (6 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/virgin-puts-emphasis-on-albums-1476777.html">"Virgin puts emphasis on albums"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Virgin+puts+emphasis+on+albums&rft.date=1993-01-06&rft.aulast=Lister&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fvirgin-puts-emphasis-on-albums-1476777.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1994" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, David (27 March 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/my-biggest-mistake-1432029.html">"My Biggest Mistake"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=My+Biggest+Mistake&rft.date=1994-03-27&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fmy-biggest-mistake-1432029.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulf1993" class="citation news cs1">Culf, Andrew (29 April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1993/04/29&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00701&PageLabel=7">"Virgin pushes for Radio 4's FM slot"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Virgin+pushes+for+Radio+4%27s+FM+slot&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1993-04-29&rft.aulast=Culf&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1993%2F04%2F29%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00701%26PageLabel%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Maggie (9 February 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/listeners-are-asked-to-choose-radio-service-authority-seeks-opinion-on-fm-frequencies-available-in-1996-1392878.html">"Listeners are asked to choose radio service: Authority seeks opinion on FM frequencies available in 1996"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Listeners+are+asked+to+choose+radio+service%3A+Authority+seeks+opinion+on+FM+frequencies+available+in+1996&rft.date=1994-02-09&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Flisteners-are-asked-to-choose-radio-service-authority-seeks-opinion-on-fm-frequencies-available-in-1996-1392878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulf1994" class="citation news cs1">Culf, Andrew (9 February 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1994/02/09&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00804&PageLabel=8">"Branson begins crusade to gain FM frequency for Virgin Radio"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Branson+begins+crusade+to+gain+FM+frequency+for+Virgin+Radio&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1994-02-09&rft.aulast=Culf&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1994%2F02%2F09%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00804%26PageLabel%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Maggie (25 May 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/channel-4-presses-for-break-with-itv-1438301.html">"Channel 4 presses for break with ITV"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Channel+4+presses+for+break+with+ITV&rft.date=1994-05-25&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fchannel-4-presses-for-break-with-itv-1438301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulf1994" class="citation news cs1">Culf, Andrew (29 June 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1994/06/29&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00501&PageLabel=5">"41 fight for London radio licences"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=41+fight+for+London+radio+licences&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1994-06-29&rft.aulast=Culf&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1994%2F06%2F29%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00501%26PageLabel%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1994" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Rhys (8 October 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/virgin-wins-one-of-six-new-slots-on-londons-airwaves-1441573.html">"Virgin wins one of six new slots on London's airwaves"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Virgin+wins+one+of+six+new+slots+on+London%27s+airwaves&rft.date=1994-10-08&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Rhys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fvirgin-wins-one-of-six-new-slots-on-londons-airwaves-1441573.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulf1995" class="citation news cs1">Culf, Andrew (10 April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1995/04/10&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00702&PageLabel=7">"Wave of restricted radio hits peak"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Wave+of+restricted+radio+hits+peak&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1995-04-10&rft.aulast=Culf&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1995%2F04%2F10%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00702%26PageLabel%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowie-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowie_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowie_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowie_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowie_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowie_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowie2008" class="citation web cs1">Bowie, Adam (26 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2008/09/a-brief-history-of-virgin-radio-by-adam-bowie/">"A Brief History of Virgin Radio"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202020813/http://onegoldensquare.com/2008/09/a-brief-history-of-virgin-radio-by-adam-bowie/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Virgin+Radio&rft.date=2008-09-26&rft.aulast=Bowie&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2008%2F09%2Fa-brief-history-of-virgin-radio-by-adam-bowie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/virgin-radio-considers-flotation-1318820.html">"Virgin Radio considers flotation"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. 13 February 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Virgin+Radio+considers+flotation&rft.date=1996-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fvirgin-radio-considers-flotation-1318820.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinch1997" class="citation news cs1">Finch, Julia (7 May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1997/05/07&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar01900&PageLabel=19">"Capital buys its rival Virgin as it prepares to challenge Radio 1"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Capital+buys+its+rival+Virgin+as+it+prepares+to+challenge+Radio+1&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1997-05-07&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1997%2F05%2F07%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr01900%26PageLabel%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1997" class="citation news cs1">Newman, Cathy (7 May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/capital-acquires-virgin-radio-1260203.html">"Capital acquires Virgin Radio"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Capital+acquires+Virgin+Radio&rft.date=1997-05-07&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fcapital-acquires-virgin-radio-1260203.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/capital-gets-goahead-to-buy-virgin-radio-1251278.html">"Capital gets go-ahead to buy Virgin Radio"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. 18 July 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Capital+gets+go-ahead+to+buy+Virgin+Radio&rft.date=1997-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fcapital-gets-goahead-to-buy-virgin-radio-1251278.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinch1997" class="citation news cs1">Finch, Julia (1 August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1997/08/01&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar01905&PageLabel=19">"Virgin Radio sale hits MMC snag"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Virgin+Radio+sale+hits+MMC+snag&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1997-08-01&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1997%2F08%2F01%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr01905%26PageLabel%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrie1998" class="citation news cs1">Barrie, Chris (14 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1998/01/14&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar01906&PageLabel=19">"Capital dealt blow to big ambitions as monopolies body bites"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Capital+dealt+blow+to+big+ambitions+as+monopolies+body+bites&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1998-01-14&rft.aulast=Barrie&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1998%2F01%2F14%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr01906%26PageLabel%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009254-258-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009254-258_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 254-258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulf1997" class="citation news cs1">Culf, Andrew (21 January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1997/01/21&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00503&PageLabel=5">"Evans severs Radio 1 links after failing to present breakfast show"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Evans+severs+Radio+1+links+after+failing+to+present+breakfast+show&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1997-01-21&rft.aulast=Culf&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1997%2F01%2F21%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00503%26PageLabel%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009278-284-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009278-284_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 278-284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulholland1997" class="citation news cs1">Mulholland, John (13 October 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1997/10/13&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00103&PageLabel=1">"Evans wanted Radio 1 show back"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Evans+wanted+Radio+1+show+back&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1997-10-13&rft.aulast=Mulholland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1997%2F10%2F13%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00103%26PageLabel%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009283-284-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009283-284_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 283-284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009265-275-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009265-275_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 265-275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-19971004-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-19971004_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian-19971004_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed1997" class="citation news cs1">Ahmed, Kamal (4 October 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1997/10/04&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00204&PageLabel=2">"Branson woos Evans to Virgin's breakfast slot"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Branson+woos+Evans+to+Virgin%27s+breakfast+slot&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1997-10-04&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Kamal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1997%2F10%2F04%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00204%26PageLabel%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009287-289-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009287-289_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 287-289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2009290-317-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2009290-317_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2009">Evans 2009</a>, p. 290-317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/37990.stm">"Chris Evans takes over at Virgin Radio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. London. 9 December 1997<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chris+Evans+takes+over+at+Virgin+Radio&rft.date=1997-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F37990.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeavisBarrie1997" class="citation news cs1">Beavis, Simon; Barrie, Chris (9 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1997/12/09&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00201&PageLabel=2">"BBC faces new onslaught as Evans snatches Virgin Radio"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BBC+faces+new+onslaught+as+Evans+snatches+Virgin+Radio&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1997-12-09&rft.aulast=Beavis&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Barrie%2C+Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1997%2F12%2F09%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00201%26PageLabel%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCann1998" class="citation news cs1">McCann, Paul (7 February 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/evans-claims-victory-in-breakfast-war-1143266.html">"Evans claims victory in breakfast war"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Evans+claims+victory+in+breakfast+war&rft.date=1998-02-07&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fevans-claims-victory-in-breakfast-war-1143266.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2010-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2010_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2010_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2010_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2010">Evans 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacey1998" class="citation news cs1">Lacey, Hester (4 October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/a-bumper-breakfast-with-ulcers-1176033.html">"A bumper breakfast, with ulcers"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=A+bumper+breakfast%2C+with+ulcers&rft.date=1998-10-04&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Hester&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fa-bumper-breakfast-with-ulcers-1176033.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1999/12/18&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00201&PageLabel=2">"£1m richer with thanks to George Eliot"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 18 December 1999. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%C2%A31m+richer+with+thanks+to+George+Eliot&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1999-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1999%2F12%2F18%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00201%26PageLabel%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinch1999" class="citation news cs1">Finch, Julia (20 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/1999/aug/20/12">"Evans ponders float for Ginger"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Evans+ponders+float+for+Ginger&rft.pages=31&rft.date=1999-08-20&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F1999%2Faug%2F20%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/601640.stm">"Evans sells up"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. London. 13 January 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Evans+sells+up&rft.date=2000-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F601640.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/1412225.stm">"Virgin axes DJ Evans"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 28 June 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Virgin+axes+DJ+Evans&rft.date=2001-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Fshowbiz%2F1412225.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReece2004" class="citation news cs1">Reece, Damian (13 October 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/pearson-quits-as-chief-of-smg-radio-leaving-virgin-radio-rudderless-543626.html">"Pearson quits as chief of SMG radio, leaving Virgin Radio rudderless"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Pearson+quits+as+chief+of+SMG+radio%2C+leaving+Virgin+Radio+rudderless&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.aulast=Reece&rft.aufirst=Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fpearson-quits-as-chief-of-smg-radio-leaving-virgin-radio-rudderless-543626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2005" class="citation news cs1">Shah, Saeed (19 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/virgin-radio-hires-chief-executive-to-fend-off-unwanted-bidders-495411.html">"Virgin Radio hires chief executive to fend off unwanted bidders"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Virgin+Radio+hires+chief+executive+to+fend+off+unwanted+bidders&rft.date=2005-04-19&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Saeed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fvirgin-radio-hires-chief-executive-to-fend-off-unwanted-bidders-495411.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolmwood2007" class="citation news cs1">Holmwood, Leigh (12 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/apr/12/smg.radio">"SMG strategy was 'flawed'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071209220146/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/apr/12/smg.radio">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=SMG+strategy+was+%27flawed%27&rft.date=2007-04-12&rft.aulast=Holmwood&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2007%2Fapr%2F12%2Fsmg.radio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrews2008" class="citation news cs1">Andrews, Amanda (30 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501070228/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/telecoms/article4036887.ece">"Virgin Radio is sold to Absolute for £53.2m"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/telecoms/article4036887.ece">the original</a> on 1 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Virgin+Radio+is+sold+to+Absolute+for+%C2%A353.2m&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fbusiness%2Findustry_sectors%2Ftelecoms%2Farticle4036887.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151016/http://www.radiotoday.co.uk/news.php?extend.3454.2">"Virgin Radio sold for £53million"</a>. Radio Today. 30 May 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiotoday.co.uk/news.php?extend.3454.2">the original</a> on 31 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Radio+sold+for+%C2%A353million&rft.pub=Radio+Today&rft.date=2008-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiotoday.co.uk%2Fnews.php%3Fextend.3454.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Absolute_Radio-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Absolute_Radio_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett2008" class="citation web cs1">Barnett, Emma (1 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/842893/Plans-revealed-rebrand-Virgin-Radio-Absolute/">"Plans revealed to rebrand Virgin Radio as Absolute"</a>. <i>Brand Republic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907014531/http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/842893/Plans-revealed-rebrand-Virgin-Radio-Absolute/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brand+Republic&rft.atitle=Plans+revealed+to+rebrand+Virgin+Radio+as+Absolute&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandrepublic.com%2FNews%2F842893%2FPlans-revealed-rebrand-Virgin-Radio-Absolute%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101019045517/http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/about/questions.html">"Listeners' Questions about Absolute Radio"</a>. Virgin Radio. 1 September 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/about/questions.html">the original</a> on 19 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listeners%27+Questions+about+Absolute+Radio&rft.pub=Virgin+Radio&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absoluteradio.co.uk%2Fabout%2Fquestions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.mixcloud.com/andy-walmsley2/christian-oconnell-29-september-2008/">"Mixcloud"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mixcloud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.mixcloud.com%2Fandy-walmsley2%2Fchristian-oconnell-29-september-2008%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/876906/Commercial-radios-share-dips-Q4-2008/">Commercial radio's share dips in Q4 2008</a> Brand Republic, 29 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Carroll2013" class="citation web cs1">O'Carroll, Lisa (29 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/jul/29/bauer-media-buys-absolute-radio">"Bauer Media buys Absolute Radio"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Bauer+Media+buys+Absolute+Radio&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft.aulast=O%27Carroll&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2013%2Fjul%2F29%2Fbauer-media-buys-absolute-radio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2013" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Roy (23 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radiotoday.co.uk/2013/12/oft-clears-bauers-absolute-radio-deal/">"OFT clears Bauer's Absolute Radio deal"</a>. Radio Today<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OFT+clears+Bauer%27s+Absolute+Radio+deal&rft.pub=Radio+Today&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2013%2F12%2Foft-clears-bauers-absolute-radio-deal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150909225046/http://www.a516digital.com/2015/07/absolute-radio-to-replace-planet-rock.html">"Absolute Radio to replace Planet Rock on FM in the West Midlands"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a516digital.com/2015/07/absolute-radio-to-replace-planet-rock.html">the original</a> on 9 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Radio+to+replace+Planet+Rock+on+FM+in+the+West+Midlands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a516digital.com%2F2015%2F07%2Fabsolute-radio-to-replace-planet-rock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-x57-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-x57_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-x57_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/03/greatest-hits-radio-approved-for-london-105-8fm/">"Greatest Hits Radio approved for London 105.8FM"</a>. 25 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greatest+Hits+Radio+approved+for+London+105.8FM&rft.date=2021-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2021%2F03%2Fgreatest-hits-radio-approved-for-london-105-8fm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/05/greatest-hits-radio-arrives-in-london-on-105-8-fm/">"Greatest Hits Radio arrives in London on 105.8 FM"</a>. 17 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Greatest+Hits+Radio+arrives+in+London+on+105.8+FM&rft.date=2021-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2021%2F05%2Fgreatest-hits-radio-arrives-in-london-on-105-8-fm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_1_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_1_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wohnort.org/dab/uknat.html#D1">"National 1"</a>. <i>Wohnort - DAB ensembles</i>. 25 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wohnort+-+DAB+ensembles&rft.atitle=National+1&rft.date=2022-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wohnort.org%2Fdab%2Fuknat.html%23D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2023/ofcom-fines-bauer-radio-25000">"Ofcom fines Bauer Radio £25,000"</a>. <i>Ofcom</i>. 1 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ofcom&rft.atitle=Ofcom+fines+Bauer+Radio+%C2%A325%2C000&rft.date=2023-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofcom.org.uk%2Fnews-centre%2F2023%2Fofcom-fines-bauer-radio-25000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2023/11/bauer-to-remove-all-radio-stations-from-satellite-and-cable-tv-platforms/">"Bauer to remove all radio stations from satellite and cable TV platforms"</a>. 28 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bauer+to+remove+all+radio+stations+from+satellite+and+cable+TV+platforms&rft.date=2023-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2023%2F11%2Fbauer-to-remove-all-radio-stations-from-satellite-and-cable-tv-platforms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2022/06/bauer-to-leave-one-golden-square-for-new-euston-development/">Bauer to leave One Golden Square for new Euston development</a>', <i>Radio Today</i>, 30 June 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simon Mayo. '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/simonmayo/status/1775255950146097599">Last show from 1, Golden Square today</a>'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWroe1993" class="citation news cs1">Wroe, Martin (7 April 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/media-virgin-flies-the-flag-on-the-airwaves-richard-bransons-new-station-looks-set-to-stir-things-up-in-radio-says-martin-wroe-1453885.html">"Virgin flies the flag on the airwaves: Richard Branson's new station looks set to stir things up in radio"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Virgin+flies+the+flag+on+the+airwaves%3A+Richard+Branson%27s+new+station+looks+set+to+stir+things+up+in+radio&rft.date=1993-04-07&rft.aulast=Wroe&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Fmedia-virgin-flies-the-flag-on-the-airwaves-richard-bransons-new-station-looks-set-to-stir-things-up-in-radio-says-martin-wroe-1453885.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks1993" class="citation news cs1">Brooks, Richard (21 February 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=TOB/1993/02/21&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar06504&PageLabel=65">"Off Air"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. London. p. 65<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Off+Air&rft.pages=65&rft.date=1993-02-21&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DTOB%2F1993%2F02%2F21%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr06504%26PageLabel%3D65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCulf1993" class="citation news cs1">Culf, Andrew (20 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1993/01/20&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar00702&PageLabel=7">"Virgin aims shows at 'hole in middle' of radio market"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Virgin+aims+shows+at+%27hole+in+middle%27+of+radio+market&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1993-01-20&rft.aulast=Culf&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1993%2F01%2F20%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr00702%26PageLabel%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1994" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Maggie (27 April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/media-rock-station-that-is-finally-on-a-roll-the-wrong-music-policy-and-poor-reception-gave-virgin-a-shaky-first-year-reports-maggie-brown-1372663.html">"Rock station that is finally on a roll: The wrong music policy and poor reception gave Virgin a shaky first year"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Rock+station+that+is+finally+on+a+roll%3A+The+wrong+music+policy+and+poor+reception+gave+Virgin+a+shaky+first+year&rft.date=1994-04-27&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Fmedia-rock-station-that-is-finally-on-a-roll-the-wrong-music-policy-and-poor-reception-gave-virgin-a-shaky-first-year-reports-maggie-brown-1372663.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2006" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Owen (25 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2006/sep/25/commercialradio.radio">"Tuned in to Virgin"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113140954/http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/sep/25/commercialradio.radio">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Tuned+in+to+Virgin&rft.date=2006-09-25&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2006%2Fsep%2F25%2Fcommercialradio.radio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickens2008" class="citation web cs1">Dickens, Clive (2 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140106043149/http://onegoldensquare.com/2008/09/absolute-clarity-by-clive-dickens/">"Absolute Clarity"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2008/09/absolute-clarity-by-clive-dickens/">the original</a> on 6 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Clarity&rft.date=2008-09-02&rft.aulast=Dickens&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2008%2F09%2Fabsolute-clarity-by-clive-dickens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurran2009" class="citation web cs1">Curran, James (4 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402143846/http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/02/listen-to-the-music-by-james-curran/">"Listen to the Music"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/02/listen-to-the-music-by-james-curran/">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen+to+the+Music&rft.date=2009-02-04&rft.aulast=Curran&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2009%2F02%2Flisten-to-the-music-by-james-curran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/08/shaun-keaveny-joins-absolute-radio-for-comedy-series/">"Shaun Keaveny joins Absolute Radio for comedy series"</a>. <i>Radiotoday.co.uk</i>. 23 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radiotoday.co.uk&rft.atitle=Shaun+Keaveny+joins+Absolute+Radio+for+comedy+series&rft.date=2021-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2021%2F08%2Fshaun-keaveny-joins-absolute-radio-for-comedy-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott1968" class="citation magazine cs1">Scott, Robin (8 June 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ygoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA43">"The British Radio Scene: A Special Report"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. Vol. 80, no. 23. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510">0006-2510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+British+Radio+Scene%3A+A+Special+Report&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=43&rft.date=1968-06-08&rft.issn=0006-2510&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DygoEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2007" class="citation web cs1">McCarthy, Clive (28 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbceng.info/Technical%20Reviews/dev_am_tx_nw_6a.pdf">"Development of the BBC A.M. Transmitter Network"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Development+of+the+BBC+A.M.+Transmitter+Network&rft.date=2007-05-28&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Clive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbceng.info%2FTechnical%2520Reviews%2Fdev_am_tx_nw_6a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/guidance/tech-guidance/tech_parameters/">"Tech Parameters"</a>. London: Radio Authority. 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110525044303/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/guidance/tech-guidance/tech_parameters/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tech+Parameters&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Radio+Authority&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstakeholders.ofcom.org.uk%2Fbroadcasting%2Fguidance%2Ftech-guidance%2Ftech_parameters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816184011/http://frequencyfinder.org.uk/AM_153_1611.pdf">"Frequency Finder UK and Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frequencyfinder.org.uk/AM_153_1611.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequency+Finder+UK+and+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrequencyfinder.org.uk%2FAM_153_1611.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="AMJan23" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/how-you-listen-to-absolute-radio-is-changing/">"How you listen to Absolute Radio could be changing"</a>. <i>Planet Radio</i>. Bauer Media Group<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planet+Radio&rft.atitle=How+you+listen+to+Absolute+Radio+could+be+changing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fhow-you-listen-to-absolute-radio-is-changing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MWShutdown-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MWShutdown_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2023" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Roy (4 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2023/01/04/absolute-radio-to-switch-off-all-am-transmitters-across-the-uk/">"Absolute Radio to switch off all AM transmitters across the UK"</a>. <i>Radio Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Today&rft.atitle=Absolute+Radio+to+switch+off+all+AM+transmitters+across+the+UK&rft.date=2023-01-04&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2023%2F01%2F04%2Fabsolute-radio-to-switch-off-all-am-transmitters-across-the-uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalradiochoice.com/news/absolute-radio-ends-am-broadcasts/">"Absolute Radio ends AM broadcasts"</a>. <i>Digital Radio Choice</i>. 20 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Radio+Choice&rft.atitle=Absolute+Radio+ends+AM+broadcasts&rft.date=2023-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalradiochoice.com%2Fnews%2Fabsolute-radio-ends-am-broadcasts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8gEaS_Q1bc">Absolute Radio 1215 Closure</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083153/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/boston.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Boston</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/boston.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Boston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fboston.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411115539/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/brighton-southwick.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Brighton (Southwick)</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/brighton-southwick.php">the original</a> on 11 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Brighton+%28Southwick%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fbrighton-southwick.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200111140624/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/brookmanspark/index.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Brookmans Park</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/brookmanspark/index.php">the original</a> on 11 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Brookmans+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fbrookmanspark%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/chesterton-fen.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Chesterton Fen</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516221853/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/chesterton-fen.php">archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Chesterton+Fen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fchesterton-fen.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083124/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/droitwich/index.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Droitwich</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/droitwich/index.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Droitwich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fdroitwich%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083144/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/fareham.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Fareham</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/fareham.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Fareham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Ffareham.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083153/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/fern-barrow.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Fern Barrow</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/fern-barrow.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Fern+Barrow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Ffern-barrow.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083221/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gloucester-mf.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Gloucester MF</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gloucester-mf.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Gloucester+MF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgloucester-mf.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182150/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/greenside-scalp.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Greenside Scalp</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/greenside-scalp.php">the original</a> on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Greenside+Scalp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgreenside-scalp.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182526/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/guildford-mf.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Guildford MF</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/guildford-mf.php">the original</a> on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Guildford+MF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fguildford-mf.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001142731/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/hoo.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Hoo</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/hoo.php">the original</a> on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Hoo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fhoo.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/hull-mf.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Hull MF</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614174902/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/hull-mf.php">archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Hull+MF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fhull-mf.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=1531"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Kings Heath</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Kings+Heath&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgallerypage.php%3Ftxid%3D1531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/lisnagarvey/index.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Lisnagarvey</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614180657/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/lisnagarvey/index.php">archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Lisnagarvey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Flisnagarvey%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=1539"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Lydd</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Lydd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgallerypage.php%3Ftxid%3D1539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=1126"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Manningtree</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Manningtree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgallerypage.php%3Ftxid%3D1126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=1465"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Moorside Edge</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Moorside+Edge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgallerypage.php%3Ftxid%3D1465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/oxford/index.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Oxford</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516213800/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/oxford/index.php">archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Foxford%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/plumer-barracks.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Plymouth MF</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516215648/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/plumer-barracks.php">archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Plymouth+MF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fplumer-barracks.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/postwick.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Postwick</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516221929/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/postwick.php">archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Postwick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fpostwick.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182306/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/redmoss.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Redmoss</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/redmoss.php">the original</a> on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Redmoss&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fredmoss.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083145/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/redruth/redruth-mf.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Redruth MF</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/redruth/redruth-mf.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Redruth+MF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fredruth%2Fredruth-mf.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=1622"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Sheffield MF</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Sheffield+MF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgallerypage.php%3Ftxid%3D1622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/sideway.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Sideway</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516221342/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/sideway.php">archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Sideway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fsideway.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083113/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/stockton.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Stockton</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/stockton.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Stockton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fstockton.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182240/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/swindon/index.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Swindon</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/swindon/index.php">the original</a> on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Swindon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fswindon%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=1546"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Occombe (Torbay MF)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Occombe+%28Torbay+MF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgallerypage.php%3Ftxid%3D1546&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083213/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/trowell.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Trowell</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/trowell.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Trowell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Ftrowell.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001182602/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/wallasey.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Wallasey</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/wallasey.php">the original</a> on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Wallasey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fwallasey.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/gallerypage.php?txid=629"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Washford MF</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Washford+MF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fgallerypage.php%3Ftxid%3D629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/westerglen/index.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Westerglen</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614175941/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/westerglen/index.php">archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Westerglen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fwesterglen%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915083127/http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/wrekenton.php"><i>The Transmission Gallery: Wrekenton</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tx.mb21.co.uk/gallery/wrekenton.php">the original</a> on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transmission+Gallery%3A+Wrekenton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftx.mb21.co.uk%2Fgallery%2Fwrekenton.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebditch1993" class="citation news cs1">Hebditch, Stephen (August 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amfm.org.uk/amfmnews/amfm14.html">"Satellite Radio"</a>. <i>AM/FM</i>. TQM Communications<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AM%2FFM&rft.atitle=Satellite+Radio&rft.date=1993-08&rft.aulast=Hebditch&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amfm.org.uk%2Famfmnews%2Famfm14.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthias_Zepf1993" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Matthias Zepf (28 October 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/de.etc.lists/msg/6688206428a5ce23">"Astra, Radioprogramme"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:de.etc.lists">de.etc.lists</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:1993Oct24.123808.27190@amylnd.stgt.sub.org">1993Oct24.123808.27190@amylnd.stgt.sub.org</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astra%2C+Radioprogramme&rft.pub=de.etc.lists&rft.date=1993-10-28&rft_id=news%3A1993Oct24.123808.27190%40amylnd.stgt.sub.org%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Matthias+Zepf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Fde.etc.lists%2Fmsg%2F6688206428a5ce23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010819184856/http://www.virginradio.co.uk/faq/satellite.htm">"FAQs"</a>. <i>Virgin Radio</i>. Virgin Radio Ltd. 4 July 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginradio.co.uk/faq/satellite.htm">the original</a> on 19 August 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virgin+Radio&rft.atitle=FAQs&rft.date=2001-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginradio.co.uk%2Ffaq%2Fsatellite.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAston1999" class="citation news cs1">Aston, Steve (28 October 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/505755/BSkyB-ready-air-digital-radio/">"BSkyB ready to air digital radio"</a>. <i>Media Week</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Media+Week&rft.atitle=BSkyB+ready+to+air+digital+radio&rft.date=1999-10-28&rft.aulast=Aston&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaweek.co.uk%2Fnews%2F505755%2FBSkyB-ready-air-digital-radio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGary_Tuppeny1999" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Gary Tuppeny (12 November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/group/alt.satellite.tv.europe/msg/cb8dd67a4e08642e?hl=en">"BBC now on Astra 2A"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:alt.satellite.tv.europe">alt.satellite.tv.europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usenet (identifier)">Usenet:</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:80hoo7$oit$1@news4.svr.pol.co.uk">80hoo7$oit$1@news4.svr.pol.co.uk</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+now+on+Astra+2A&rft.pub=alt.satellite.tv.europe&rft.date=1999-11-12&rft_id=news%3A80hoo7%24oit%241%40news4.svr.pol.co.uk%23id-name%3DUsenet%3A&rft.au=Gary+Tuppeny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2Falt.satellite.tv.europe%2Fmsg%2Fcb8dd67a4e08642e%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rxtvinfo.com/sky-channel-list-uk/">Sky channel list (UK EPG)</a> rxtvinfo.com 16/01/2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lyngsat.com/radiochannels/uk/Absolute-Radio.html">Absolute Radio</a> LyngSat Network</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2021/02/bauer-plans-to-replace-absolute-radio-in-london-with-ghr/">"Bauer plans to replace Absolute Radio on FM in London with GHR"</a>. <i>Radiotoday.co.uk</i>. 10 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radiotoday.co.uk&rft.atitle=Bauer+plans+to+replace+Absolute+Radio+on+FM+in+London+with+GHR&rft.date=2021-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2021%2F02%2Fbauer-plans-to-replace-absolute-radio-in-london-with-ghr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-website-history-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-website-history_122-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website-history_122-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website-history_122-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-website-history_122-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517055028/http://www.virginradio.co.uk/about_us/digital_media/history.html">"Website history"</a>. <i>Virgin Radio</i>. Virgin Radio Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginradio.co.uk/about_us/digital_media/history.html">the original</a> on 17 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virgin+Radio&rft.atitle=Website+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginradio.co.uk%2Fabout_us%2Fdigital_media%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldman1996" class="citation news cs1">Waldman, Simon (18 March 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1996/03/18&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar03600&PageLabel=36">"Virgin Radio via the net"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 36<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Virgin+Radio+via+the+net&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1996-03-18&rft.aulast=Waldman&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1996%2F03%2F18%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr03600%26PageLabel%3D36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowen1996" class="citation news cs1">Bowen, David (15 December 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/young-gifted-and-rich-1314579.html">"Young, gifted and rich"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Young%2C+gifted+and+rich&rft.date=1996-12-15&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fyoung-gifted-and-rich-1314579.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew2009" class="citation web cs1">Matthew, Ben (18 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522035232/http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/12/more-streaming-options%e2%80%a6-by-ben-matthew/">"More streaming options…"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/12/more-streaming-options%E2%80%A6-by-ben-matthew/">the original</a> on 22 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+streaming+options%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft.aulast=Matthew&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2009%2F12%2Fmore-streaming-options%25E2%2580%25A6-by-ben-matthew%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120911033613/http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/listen/labs.html#main_content">"Opus Streaming Trial"</a>. 11 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/listen/labs.html#main_content">the original</a> on 11 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Opus+Streaming+Trial&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absoluteradio.co.uk%2Flisten%2Flabs.html%23main_content&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141007231139/http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/playlist/#dev-bar">"Calling all Developers"</a>. 7 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/playlist/#dev-bar">the original</a> on 7 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calling+all+Developers&rft.date=2014-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absoluteradio.co.uk%2Fplaylist%2F%23dev-bar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010408075620/http://measurecast.com/news/pr/2001/pr20010313.html">"mediamazing.com takes number one sport in MeasureCast top 25 internet radio stations list"</a> (Press release). MeasureCast, Inc. 13 March 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://measurecast.com/news/pr/2001/pr20010313.html">the original</a> on 8 April 2001. <q>Britain's Virgin Radio Debuts in Number Three Position</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=mediamazing.com+takes+number+one+sport+in+MeasureCast+top+25+internet+radio+stations+list&rft.pub=MeasureCast%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2001-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeasurecast.com%2Fnews%2Fpr%2F2001%2Fpr20010313.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816200422/http://www.arbitron.com/nycu_archive/4_11_00_1513.htm">"Virgin Radio Joins Arbitron InfoStream Service"</a> (Press release). Arbitron. 11 April 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbitron.com/nycu_archive/4_11_00_1513.htm">the original</a> on 16 August 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virgin+Radio+Joins+Arbitron+InfoStream+Service&rft.pub=Arbitron&rft.date=2001-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arbitron.com%2Fnycu_archive%2F4_11_00_1513.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowie2009" class="citation web cs1">Bowie, Adam (23 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826164108/http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/10/absolute-radio-stats-by-adam-bowie/">"Internet Radio Stats"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/10/absolute-radio-stats-by-adam-bowie/">the original</a> on 26 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Radio+Stats&rft.date=2009-10-23&rft.aulast=Bowie&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2009%2F10%2Fabsolute-radio-stats-by-adam-bowie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBannister1999" class="citation news cs1">Bannister, Nicholas (13 August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/1999/08/13&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar02105&PageLabel=21">"Mobiles replace radio dials"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. p. 21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mobiles+replace+radio+dials&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1999-08-13&rft.aulast=Bannister&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F1999%2F08%2F13%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr02105%26PageLabel%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.guardian.co.uk/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE&Type=text/html&Locale=english-skin-custom&Path=GUA/2000/03/09&ChunkNum=-1&ID=Ar07100&PageLabel=71">"WAP's new"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. 9 March 2000. p. 71<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=WAP%27s+new&rft.pages=71&rft.date=2000-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.guardian.co.uk%2FRepository%2FgetFiles.asp%3FStyle%3DOliveXLib%3ALowLevelEntityToSaveGifMSIE_DIGITALARCHIVE%26Type%3Dtext%2Fhtml%26Locale%3Denglish-skin-custom%26Path%3DGUA%2F2000%2F03%2F09%26ChunkNum%3D-1%26ID%3DAr07100%26PageLabel%3D71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010419110433/http://www.crowncastle.com/world/uk/pr_11102000.shtml">"World First for Virgin Radio, Manx Telecom and Crown Castle"</a> (Press release). Crown Castle International. 11 October 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crowncastle.com/world/uk/pr_11102000.shtml">the original</a> on 19 April 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+First+for+Virgin+Radio%2C+Manx+Telecom+and+Crown+Castle&rft.pub=Crown+Castle+International&rft.date=2000-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crowncastle.com%2Fworld%2Fuk%2Fpr_11102000.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmey2009" class="citation web cs1">Amey, Duncan (27 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328011348/http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/03/attention-iphone-and-ipod-touch-owners-by-duncan-amey/">"Attention: iPhone and iPod Touch Owners!"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/03/attention-iphone-and-ipod-touch-owners-by-duncan-amey/">the original</a> on 28 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attention%3A+iPhone+and+iPod+Touch+Owners%21&rft.date=2009-03-27&rft.aulast=Amey&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2009%2F03%2Fattention-iphone-and-ipod-touch-owners-by-duncan-amey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallder2009" class="citation web cs1">Wallder, Carrie (26 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328011351/http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/11/christian-oconnell-brings-brand-new-itunes-tagging-service-to-listeners/">"Christian O'Connell brings brand new iTunes tagging service to listeners"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2009/11/christian-oconnell-brings-brand-new-itunes-tagging-service-to-listeners/">the original</a> on 28 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+O%27Connell+brings+brand+new+iTunes+tagging+service+to+listeners&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft.aulast=Wallder&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2009%2F11%2Fchristian-oconnell-brings-brand-new-itunes-tagging-service-to-listeners%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2010" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Paul (1 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150325000040/http://onegoldensquare.com/2010/02/absolute-radio-becomes-first-european-radio-station-on-amazon%E2%80%99s-kindle-by-paul-brown/">"Absolute Radio becomes first European radio station on Amazon's Kindle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2010/02/absolute-radio-becomes-first-european-radio-station-on-amazon%E2%80%99s-kindle-by-paul-brown/">the original</a> on 25 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Radio+becomes+first+European+radio+station+on+Amazon%27s+Kindle&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2010%2F02%2Fabsolute-radio-becomes-first-european-radio-station-on-amazon%25E2%2580%2599s-kindle-by-paul-brown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornton2010" class="citation web cs1">Thornton, Dan (1 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328011246/http://onegoldensquare.com/2010/02/six-new-apps-in-one-day-by-dan-thornton/">"Six new apps in one day"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2010/02/six-new-apps-in-one-day-by-dan-thornton/">the original</a> on 28 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Six+new+apps+in+one+day&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2010%2F02%2Fsix-new-apps-in-one-day-by-dan-thornton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2010" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Paul (1 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140328011244/http://onegoldensquare.com/2010/11/absolute-radio-app-now-available-for-windows-phone-7/">"Absolute Radio App now available for Windows Phone 7"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onegoldensquare.com/2010/11/absolute-radio-app-now-available-for-windows-phone-7/">the original</a> on 28 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Radio+App+now+available+for+Windows+Phone+7&rft.date=2010-02-01&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonegoldensquare.com%2F2010%2F11%2Fabsolute-radio-app-now-available-for-windows-phone-7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/11/18iad.html">"Apple's iAd Coming to Europe in December"</a> (Press release). Apple Inc. 18 November 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521090205/http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/11/18iad.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple%27s+iAd+Coming+to+Europe+in+December&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft.date=2010-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apple.com%2Fpr%2Flibrary%2F2010%2F11%2F18iad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk/about/legal/international-streaming-faq.html">"International Streaming FAQ's"</a>. Absolute Radio. 1 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Streaming+FAQ%27s&rft.pub=Absolute+Radio&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absoluteradio.co.uk%2Fabout%2Flegal%2Finternational-streaming-faq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2010" class="citation news cs1">Plunkett, John (29 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/nov/29/absolute-radio-noughties-station">"Absolute Radio launches noughties-only station"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Absolute+Radio+launches+noughties-only+station&rft.date=2010-11-29&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2010%2Fnov%2F29%2Fabsolute-radio-noughties-station&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wohnort.org/DAB/uknat.html#London2"><i>DAB Ensembles Worldwide: London</i></a>, 13 April 2011, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723113442/http://www.wohnort.org/DAB/uknat.html">archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DAB+Ensembles+Worldwide%3A+London&rft.date=2011-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wohnort.org%2FDAB%2Fuknat.html%23London2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2019" class="citation web cs1">Martin, Roy (18 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2019/11/bauer-to-launch-absolute-radio-10s-online-only/">"Bauer to launch Absolute Radio 10s online"</a>. <i>Radio Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Today&rft.atitle=Bauer+to+launch+Absolute+Radio+10s+online&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2019%2F11%2Fbauer-to-launch-absolute-radio-10s-online-only%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2020" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Steve (20 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2020/02/bauers-paul-keenan-announces-absolute-radio-20s/">"Bauer's Paul Keenan announces Absolute Radio 20s"</a>. <i>Radio Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Today&rft.atitle=Bauer%27s+Paul+Keenan+announces+Absolute+Radio+20s&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2020%2F02%2Fbauers-paul-keenan-announces-absolute-radio-20s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColothan2022" class="citation web cs1">Colothan, Scott (15 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/absolute-radio-classic-country-premium/">"Listen to our Absolute Radio Classic Country station on Absolute Radio Premium"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen+to+our+Absolute+Radio+Classic+Country+station+on+Absolute+Radio+Premium&rft.date=2022-07-15&rft.aulast=Colothan&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fabsolute-radio-classic-country-premium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bauermedia.co.uk/news/absolute-radio-and-kiss-to-launch-premium-subscription-services">"Absolute Radio and KISS to launch premium subscription services"</a>. 27 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Radio+and+KISS+to+launch+premium+subscription+services&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bauermedia.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fabsolute-radio-and-kiss-to-launch-premium-subscription-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2022/05/absolute-radio-and-kiss-to-offer-premium-services-for-monthly-fee/">"Absolute Radio and KISS to offer premium services for monthly fee"</a>. 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Radio+and+KISS+to+offer+premium+services+for+monthly+fee&rft.date=2022-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2022%2F05%2Fabsolute-radio-and-kiss-to-offer-premium-services-for-monthly-fee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColothan2022" class="citation web cs1">Colothan, Scott (13 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/andy-bush-indie-disco-247-absolute-radio-premium/">"Listen to Andy Bush's Indie Disco 24/7 station on Absolute Radio Premium"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen+to+Andy+Bush%27s+Indie+Disco+24%2F7+station+on+Absolute+Radio+Premium&rft.date=2022-07-13&rft.aulast=Colothan&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fandy-bush-indie-disco-247-absolute-radio-premium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaylorColothan2022" class="citation web cs1">Naylor, Laura; Colothan, Scott (14 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/station/premium/absolute-radio-premium-stations/">"All the exclusive stations you get with Absolute Radio Premium"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+the+exclusive+stations+you+get+with+Absolute+Radio+Premium&rft.date=2022-07-14&rft.aulast=Naylor&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Colothan%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fstation%2Fpremium%2Fabsolute-radio-premium-stations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bauermedia.co.uk/news/dion-dublin-kicks-off-new-premium-station-absolute-radio-terrace-anthems/">"Dion Dublin kicks off new Premium station Absolute Radio Terrace Anthems"</a>. 10 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dion+Dublin+kicks+off+new+Premium+station+Absolute+Radio+Terrace+Anthems&rft.date=2022-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bauermedia.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fdion-dublin-kicks-off-new-premium-station-absolute-radio-terrace-anthems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2024/02/absolute-radio-sisters-to-launch-after-two-sisters-win-latest-competition/">"Absolute Radio Sisters to launch after two sisters win latest competition"</a>. 13 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Radio+Sisters+to+launch+after+two+sisters+win+latest+competition&rft.date=2024-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2024%2F02%2Fabsolute-radio-sisters-to-launch-after-two-sisters-win-latest-competition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColothan2024" class="citation web cs1">Colothan, Scott (12 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/absolute-radio-sisters/">"Listen to our new station Absolute Radio Sisters"</a>. <i>Absolute Radio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Absolute+Radio&rft.atitle=Listen+to+our+new+station+Absolute+Radio+Sisters&rft.date=2024-02-12&rft.aulast=Colothan&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fabsolute-radio-sisters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestoby2022" class="citation web cs1">Westoby, Alice (28 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/absolute-radio-natalie-station/">"Introducing our new station Absolute Radio Natalie"</a>. <i>Absolute Radio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Absolute+Radio&rft.atitle=Introducing+our+new+station+Absolute+Radio+Natalie&rft.date=2022-01-28&rft.aulast=Westoby&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fabsolute-radio-natalie-station%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColothan2023" class="citation web cs1">Colothan, Scott (7 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/listen-absolute-radio-kevin/">"Listen to our new station Absolute Radio Kevin"</a>. <i>Absolute Radio</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Absolute+Radio&rft.atitle=Listen+to+our+new+station+Absolute+Radio+Kevin&rft.date=2023-02-07&rft.aulast=Colothan&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Flisten-absolute-radio-kevin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bauermedia.co.uk/news/absolute-radio-kevin-how-a-dad-from-surrey-has-claimed-his-own-radio-station/">"Absolute Radio Kevin: How a dad from Surrey has claimed his own radio station"</a>. 2 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Radio+Kevin%3A+How+a+dad+from+Surrey+has+claimed+his+own+radio+station&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bauermedia.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fabsolute-radio-kevin-how-a-dad-from-surrey-has-claimed-his-own-radio-station%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2023/02/introducing-absolute-radio-kevin-where-debut-songs-matter/">"Introducing Absolute Radio Kevin – Where Debut Songs Matter"</a>. 2 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introducing+Absolute+Radio+Kevin+%E2%80%93+Where+Debut+Songs+Matter&rft.date=2023-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2023%2F02%2Fintroducing-absolute-radio-kevin-where-debut-songs-matter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-80s/shows/absolute-radio-40s/">"Absolute Radio 40s on Absolute 80s"</a>. <i>Planetradio.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planetradio.co.uk&rft.atitle=Absolute+Radio+40s+on+Absolute+80s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-80s%2Fshows%2Fabsolute-radio-40s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/shows/absolute-radio-40s-3/">"Absolute Radio 40s on Absolute Radio"</a>. <i>Planetradio.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planetradio.co.uk&rft.atitle=Absolute+Radio+40s+on+Absolute+Radio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fshows%2Fabsolute-radio-40s-3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetradio.co.uk/absolute-radio/music/news/absolute-radio-40s/">"Absolute Radio 40s commemorates the 75th anniversary of VE Day"</a>. <i>Planetradio.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Planetradio.co.uk&rft.atitle=Absolute+Radio+40s+commemorates+the+75th+anniversary+of+VE+Day&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplanetradio.co.uk%2Fabsolute-radio%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fabsolute-radio-40s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiotoday.co.uk/2020/04/absolute-radio-40s-to-pop-up-on-medium-wave/">"Absolute Radio 40s to pop up on medium wave"</a>. <i>Radiotoday.co.uk</i>. 28 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radiotoday.co.uk&rft.atitle=Absolute+Radio+40s+to+pop+up+on+medium+wave&rft.date=2020-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fradiotoday.co.uk%2F2020%2F04%2Fabsolute-radio-40s-to-pop-up-on-medium-wave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VirginRadioWorld.com-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VirginRadioWorld.com_161-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VirginRadioWorld.com_161-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071121144837/http://www.bnnnews.it/virginsite.asp?MyVar=cuts">"Virgin Radio cuts back digital operation"</a>. VirginRadioWorld.com. November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnnnews.it/virginsite.asp?MyVar=cuts">the original</a> on 21 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Virgin+Radio+cuts+back+digital+operation&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnnnews.it%2Fvirginsite.asp%3FMyVar%3Dcuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(presenter)" title="Chris Evans (presenter)">Evans, Chris</a> (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itsnotwhatyouthi0000evan"><i>It's not what you think</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-732723-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-732723-2"><bdi>978-0-00-732723-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+not+what+you+think&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-00-732723-2&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitsnotwhatyouthi0000evan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(presenter)" title="Chris Evans (presenter)">Evans, Chris</a> (2010). <i>Memoirs of a Fruitcake</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-734568-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-734568-7"><bdi>978-0-00-734568-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+a+Fruitcake&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-00-734568-7&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbsolute+Radio" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Absolute_Radio" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Absolute Radio">Absolute Radio</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://absoluteradio.co.uk/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4590187#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/absoluteradio">Absolute Radio's channel</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_user_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube user (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Independent_National_Radio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Independent_National_Radio" title="Template:Independent National Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Independent_National_Radio" title="Template talk:Independent National Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Independent_National_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Independent National Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Independent_National_Radio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent National Radio</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">INR stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Absolute Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">Talksport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Absolute_Radio" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Absolute_Radio" title="Template:Absolute Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Absolute_Radio" title="Template talk:Absolute Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Absolute_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Absolute Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Absolute_Radio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Absolute Radio</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_sister_stations" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Radio sister stations">Sister stations</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_60s" title="Absolute Radio 60s">Absolute Radio 60s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_70s" title="Absolute Radio 70s">Absolute Radio 70s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_80s" title="Absolute Radio 80s">Absolute Radio 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_90s" title="Absolute Radio 90s">Absolute Radio 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_00s" title="Absolute Radio 00s">Absolute Radio 00s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_10s" title="Absolute Radio 10s">Absolute Radio 10s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_20s" title="Absolute Radio 20s">Absolute Radio 20s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock" title="Absolute Radio Classic Rock">Absolute Radio Classic Rock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Country" title="Absolute Radio Country">Absolute Radio Country</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Absolute Radio DJs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dave_Berry_(presenter)" title="Dave Berry (presenter)">Dave Berry</a></dd> <dd>Ben Burrell</dd> <dd>Andy Bush</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Champion_(presenter)" title="Sarah Champion (presenter)">Sarah Champion</a></dd> <dd>Richie Firth</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matt_Forde" title="Matt Forde">Matt Forde</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leona_Graham" title="Leona Graham">Leona Graham</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jason_Manford" title="Jason Manford">Jason Manford</a></dd> <dd>Chris Martin</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Perry" title="Danielle Perry">Danielle Perry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rudd" title="Matthew Rudd">Matthew Rudd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Claire_Sturgess" title="Claire Sturgess">Claire Sturgess</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jon_Richardson_(comedian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jon Richardson (comedian)">Jon Richardson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former DJs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Abbot" title="Nick Abbot">Nick Abbot</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Danny_Baker" title="Danny Baker">Danny Baker</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Robin_Banks" title="Robin Banks">Robin Banks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rob_Beckett" title="Rob Beckett">Rob Beckett</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Blight" title="Vicki Blight">Vicki Blight</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/OJ_Borg" title="OJ Borg">OJ Borg</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vicki_Butler-Henderson" title="Vicki Butler-Henderson">Vicki Butler-Henderson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alun_Cochrane" title="Alun Cochrane">Alun Cochrane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ray_Cokes" title="Ray Cokes">Ray Cokes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Coleman_(presenter)" title="Jonathan Coleman (presenter)">Jonathan Coleman</a></dd> <dd>Martin Collins</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Crossley_(broadcaster)" title="Mark Crossley (broadcaster)">Mark Crossley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Davies" title="Gary Davies">Gary Davies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Daryl_Denham" title="Daryl Denham">Daryl Denham</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Donaldson" title="Pete Donaldson">Pete Donaldson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Evans_(presenter)" title="Chris Evans (presenter)">Chris Evans</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neil_Francis_(broadcaster)" title="Neil Francis (broadcaster)">Neil Francis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Alan_Freeman" title="Alan Freeman">Alan Freeman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dave_Gorman" title="Dave Gorman">Dave Gorman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Janey_Lee_Grace" title="Janey Lee Grace">Janey Lee Grace</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Greening" title="Kevin Greening">Kevin Greening</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clare_Grogan" title="Clare Grogan">Clare Grogan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hadley" title="Tony Hadley">Tony Hadley</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Horne" title="Nicky Horne">Nicky Horne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polly_James_(broadcaster)" title="Polly James (broadcaster)">Polly James</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/JK_and_Joel" title="JK and Joel">JK and Joel</a></dd> <dd>Mitch Johnson</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Jones_(DJ)" title="Ben Jones (DJ)">Ben Jones</a></dd> <dd>Gary King</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Kyle" title="Jeremy Kyle">Jeremy Kyle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Allan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan Lake">Allan Lake</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iain_Lee" title="Iain Lee">Iain Lee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Lee_(broadcaster)" title="Martyn Lee (broadcaster)">Martyn Lee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Lloyd" title="Geoff Lloyd">Geoff Lloyd</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Lovejoy" title="Tim Lovejoy">Tim Lovejoy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Suggs" title="Suggs">Graham "Suggs" McPherson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jayne_Middlemiss" title="Jayne Middlemiss">Jayne Middlemiss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_Mitchell_(broadcaster)" title="Pete Mitchell (broadcaster)">Pete Mitchell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Al_Murray" title="Al Murray">Al Murray</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Christian_O%27Connell" title="Christian O'Connell">Christian O'Connell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Osborne_(broadcaster)" title="John Osborne (broadcaster)">John Osborne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Parsons" title="Lynn Parsons">Lynn Parsons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Steve_Penk" title="Steve Penk">Steve Penk</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Annabel_Port" title="Annabel Port">Annabel Port</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vic_Reeves" class="mw-redirect" title="Vic Reeves">Vic Reeves</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jo_Russell" title="Jo Russell">Jo Russell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Holly_Samos" title="Holly Samos">Holly Samos</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Scott_(broadcaster)" title="Harriet Scott (broadcaster)">Harriet Scott</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tim_Shaw_(presenter)" title="Tim Shaw (presenter)">Tim Shaw</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Frank_Skinner" title="Frank Skinner">Frank Skinner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Richard_Skinner_(broadcaster)" title="Richard Skinner (broadcaster)">Richard Skinner</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Smith_(radio_presenter)" title="Graeme Smith (radio presenter)">Graeme Smith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kelly-Anne_Smith" title="Kelly-Anne Smith">Kelly-Anne Smith</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/David_Tennant" title="David Tennant">David Tennant</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vance" title="Tommy Vance">Tommy Vance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Clive_Warren" title="Clive Warren">Clive Warren</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Russ_Williams_(DJ)" title="Russ Williams (DJ)">Russ Williams</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Wood" title="Ronnie Wood">Ronnie Wood</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wright" title="Ian Wright">Ian Wright</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_O%27Connell_Show" title="The Christian O'Connell Show">The Christian O'Connell Show</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Night_Show" title="Sunday Night Show">Sunday Night Show</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Geoff_Show" title="The Geoff Show">The Geoff Show</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Lloyd_with_Annabel_Port" title="Geoff Lloyd with Annabel Port">Geoff Lloyd with Annabel Port</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pete_and_Geoff" title="Pete and Geoff">Pete and Geoff</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related/other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Extra" title="Absolute Radio Extra">Absolute Radio Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Xtreme" title="Absolute Xtreme">Absolute Xtreme</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_Groove" title="Virgin Radio Groove">Virgin Radio Groove</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dabbl" title="Dabbl">Dabbl</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TIML_Radio_Limited" title="TIML Radio Limited">TIML Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square" title="Golden Square">Golden Square</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Absolute_Radio" title="Timeline of Absolute Radio">Timeline of Absolute Radio</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bauer_Media_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bauer" title="Template:Bauer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bauer" title="Template talk:Bauer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bauer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bauer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bauer_Media_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Adel exklusiv</i></li> <li><i>Alles für die Frau</i></li> <li><i>Astrowoche</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Auf_einen_Blick" title="Auf einen Blick">Auf einen Blick</a></i></li> <li><i>Auto Zeitung</i></li> <li><i>Auto Zeitung Classic Cars</i></li> <li><i>Auto Zeitung Gebrauchtwagen</i></li> <li><i>Avanti</i></li> <li><i>Bella</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bravo_(magazine)" title="Bravo (magazine)">Bravo</a></i></li> <li><i>Bravo Girl</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bravo_Sport" title="Bravo Sport">Bravo Sport</a></i></li> <li><i>Bummi</i></li> <li><i>Bussi Bär</i></li> <li><i>Card Collector</i></li> <li><i>Closer</i></li> <li><i>Cosmopolitan</i></li> <li><i>Das Neue</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Neue_Blatt" title="Das Neue Blatt">Das Neue Blatt</a></i></li> <li><i>einfach.sein</i></li> <li><i>Fernsehwoche</i></li> <li><i>Freizeitwoche</i></li> <li><i>Good Health</i></li> <li><i>Happinez</i></li> <li><i>Heidi</i></li> <li><i>In meiner Küche</i></li> <li><i>inTouch</i></li> <li><i>inTouch Style</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joy_(magazine)" title="Joy (magazine)">Joy</a></i></li> <li><i>kochen & genießen</i></li> <li><i>Laura</i></li> <li><i>Laura Wohnen Kreativ</i></li> <li><i>Lecker</i></li> <li><i>Lissy</i></li> <li><i>Mach mal Pause</i></li> <li><i>Maxi</i></li> <li><i>Mehr Spass</i></li> <li><i>Mein Hund & Ich</i></li> <li><i>Mein Lieblingsrezept</i></li> <li><i>Mein TV & Ich</i></li> <li><i>Meine Melodie</i></li> <li><i>Meins</i></li> <li><i>Mini</i></li> <li><i>Mutti</i></li> <li><i>Myway</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Post" title="Neue Post">Neue Post</a></i></li> <li><i>Pflege & Familie</i></li> <li><i>Rezepte Pur</i></li> <li><i>Schöne Woche</i></li> <li><i>Selbst ist der Mann</i></li> <li><i>Shape</i></li> <li><i>Super Freizeit</i></li> <li><i>tina</i></li> <li><i>tina GESUND&Fit</i></li> <li><i>tina Koch&Back-Ideen</i></li> <li><i>tina WOMAN&Style</i></li> <li><i>tv14</i></li> <li><i>tvpur</i></li> <li><i>tv!top</i></li> <li><i>TV Hören und Sehen</i></li> <li><i>TV Klar</i></li> <li><i>TV Movie</i></li> <li><i>TV Movie digital</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksstimme_(Saxony-Anhalt)" title="Volksstimme (Saxony-Anhalt)">Volksstimme</a></i></li> <li><i>Welt der Wunder</i></li> <li><i>Woche Heute</i></li> <li><i>Wohnidee</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angling_Times" title="Angling Times">Angling Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bella_(British_magazine)" title="Bella (British magazine)">Bella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bike_(magazine)" title="Bike (magazine)">Bike</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bird_Watching_(magazine)" title="Bird Watching (magazine)">Bird Watching</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Car_(magazine)" title="Car (magazine)">Car</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Bike" title="Classic Bike">Classic Bike</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Classic_Cars_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Cars (magazine)">Classic Cars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Closer_(magazine)" title="Closer (magazine)">Closer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empire_(magazine)" title="Empire (magazine)">Empire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FHM" title="FHM">FHM</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golf_World" title="Golf World">Golf World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grazia" title="Grazia">Grazia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heat_(magazine)" title="Heat (magazine)">Heat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Match_(magazine)" title="Match (magazine)">Match</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Model_Rail" title="Model Rail">Model Rail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/More!" title="More!">More!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motor_Cycle_News" title="Motor Cycle News">Motor Cycle News</a></i> (<i>MCN</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parker%27s_Car_Guides" title="Parker's Car Guides">Parker's</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Performance_Bikes_(magazine)" title="Performance Bikes (magazine)">Performance Bikes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pop_(fashion_magazine)" title="Pop (fashion magazine)">Pop</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Practical_Classics" title="Practical Classics">Practical Classics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Practical_Fishkeeping" title="Practical Fishkeeping">Practical Fishkeeping</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Practical_Photography" title="Practical Photography">Practical Photography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_%26_Birth_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pregnancy & Birth (magazine)">Pregnancy & Birth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rail_(magazine)" title="Rail (magazine)">Rail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Take_a_Break_(magazine)" title="Take a Break (magazine)">Take a Break</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Life_(magazine)" title="That's Life (magazine)">That's Life!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Today%27s_Golfer" title="Today's Golfer">Today's Golfer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TV_Choice" title="TV Choice">TV Choice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TV_Quick" title="TV Quick">TV Quick</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoo_Weekly" title="Zoo Weekly">Zoo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nova</li> <li>The Voice</li> <li>Radio 100</li> <li>Pop FM</li> <li>myROCK</li> <li>Radio Soft</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Radio Nova</li> <li>Iskelmä</li> <li>Radio City</li> <li>SuomiRock</li> <li>NRJ</li> <li>Radio Nostalgia</li> <li>Kasari</li> <li>Radio Pooki</li> <li>Radio 957</li> <li>Auran Aallot</li> <li>KISS</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Hamburg" title="Radio Hamburg">Radio Hamburg</a> (25%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_Ireland" title="Bauer Media Audio Ireland">Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/98FM" title="98FM">98FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newstalk" title="Newstalk">Newstalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPIN_1038" title="SPIN 1038">SPIN 1038</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_South_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Spin South West">SPIN South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today_FM" title="Today FM">Today FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>KISS</li> <li>Norsk Pop</li> <li>P24-7 MIX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_1_(Norway)" title="Radio 1 (Norway)">Radio 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Norge" title="Radio Norge">Radio Norge</a></li> <li>Radio Rock</li> <li>Radio Topp 40</li> <li>Radio Vinyl</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Radio 90 FM</li> <li>Radio GRA</li> <li>Radio Jura</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMF_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMF Classic">RMF Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMF_FM" title="RMF FM">RMF FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMF_MAXXX" class="mw-redirect" title="RMF MAXXX">RMF MAXXX</a></li> <li>RMF Ukraina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cidade_FM" title="Cidade FM">Cidade FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M80_Radio" title="M80 Radio">M80 Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Comercial" title="Rádio Comercial">Rádio Comercial</a></li> <li>Smooth FM</li> <li>Vodafone FM</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slovakia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Europa 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Expres" title="Rádio Expres">Rádio Expres</a></li> <li>Rádio Melody</li> <li>Rádio Rock</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweden</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gold FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mix_Megapol" title="Mix Megapol">Mix Megapol</a></li> <li>NRJ</li> <li>Lugna Klassiker</li> <li>Rockklassiker</li> <li>Radio Active</li> <li>Radio Disney</li> <li>Retro FM</li> <li>Svensk Pop</li> <li>Topp 40</li> <li>Vinyl FM</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>RMF Ukraina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Network" title="Kiss Network">KISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic Radio">Magic Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Country" title="Absolute Radio Country">Absolute Radio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_Radio" title="Heat Radio">Heat Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Pride" title="Hits Radio Pride">Hits Radio Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_Radio" title="Kerrang! Radio">Kerrang! Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_Rock_(radio_station)" title="Planet Rock (radio station)">Planet Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stand-alone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cool_FM" title="Cool FM">Cool FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Radio" title="Downtown Radio">Downtown Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Radio" title="Downtown Radio">Downtown Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauer_City_3" title="Bauer City 3">Bauer City 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)#Mojo_Radio" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Radio" title="Q Radio">Q Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Talk" title="Radio City Talk">Radio City Talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits_Radio" title="Smash Hits Radio">Smash Hits Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_FM_(Bristol)" title="Sam FM (Bristol)">Sam FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C_(radio)" class="mw-redirect" title="3C (radio)">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(English_former_radio_network)" title="Magic (English former radio network)">Magic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Template:Bauer Media Audio UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Template talk:Bauer Media Audio UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bauer Media Audio UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Absolute Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Classic_Rock" title="Absolute Radio Classic Rock">Absolute Radio Classic Rock</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Country" title="Absolute Radio Country">Absolute Radio Country</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_60s" title="Absolute Radio 60s">Absolute Radio 60s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_70s" title="Absolute Radio 70s">Absolute Radio 70s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_80s" title="Absolute Radio 80s">Absolute Radio 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_90s" title="Absolute Radio 90s">Absolute Radio 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_00s" title="Absolute Radio 00s">Absolute Radio 00s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_10s" title="Absolute Radio 10s">Absolute Radio 10s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_20s" title="Absolute Radio 20s">Absolute Radio 20s</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Pride" title="Hits Radio Pride">Hits Radio Pride</a></dd> <dd>Hits Radio Chilled</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Network" title="Kiss Network">Kiss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_(UK_radio_station)" title="Kiss (UK radio station)">Kiss</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Fresh" title="Kiss Fresh">Kiss Fresh</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kisstory" title="Kisstory">Kisstory</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Local Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Cool_FM" title="Cool FM">Cool FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Radio" title="Downtown Radio">Downtown Radio</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other National Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Heat_Radio" title="Heat Radio">Heat Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_Radio" title="Kerrang! Radio">Kerrang! Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_Radio#Klassic_Kerrang!_Radio" title="Kerrang! Radio">Klassic Kerrang! Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!_Radio#Kerrang!_Radio_Unleashed" title="Kerrang! Radio">Kerrang! Radio Unleashed</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Planet_Rock_(radio_station)" title="Planet Rock (radio station)">Planet Rock</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former Radio Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/3C_(radio_station)" title="3C (radio station)">3C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)#Mojo_Radio" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Q_Radio" title="Q Radio">Q Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Smash_Hits_Radio" title="Smash Hits Radio">Smash Hits Radio</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Timeline of Bauer Media Audio UK">Timeline of Bauer Media Audio UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Absolute_Radio" title="Timeline of Absolute Radio">Absolute Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Timeline of Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Magic" title="Timeline of Magic">Magic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_Greater_London,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:London_radio" title="Template:London radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:London_radio" title="Template talk:London radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:London_radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:London radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_Greater_London,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">LW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BBC Radio 4 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">198</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">MW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Panjab Radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjab Radio (page does not exist)">558</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 5 Live <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">909</a></li> <li>Sunrise Radio <a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Radio" title="Sunrise Radio">963, 972</a></li> <li>Lyca Gold <a href="/wiki/Lyca_Radio" title="Lyca Radio">1035</a></li> <li>Talksport <a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">1089</a></li> <li>Premier Christian Radio <a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">1305, 1413</a></li> <li>Lyca Radio <a href="/wiki/Lyca_Radio" title="Lyca Radio">1458</a></li> <li>Desi Radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desi_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desi Radio (page does not exist)">1602</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BBC Radio 2 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">88.8, 89.1</a></li> <li>Westside <a href="/wiki/Westside_89.6FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Westside 89.6FM"> 89.6</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 3 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">91.0, 91.3</a></li> <li>Hayes FM <a href="/wiki/Hayes_FM" title="Hayes FM">91.8</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 4 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">93.2, 93.5</a></li> <li>Select Radio <a href="/wiki/Select_Radio" title="Select Radio">94.4</a></li> <li>BBC Radio London <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_London" title="BBC Radio London">94.9</a></li> <li>Capital London <a href="/wiki/Capital_London" title="Capital London">95.8</a></li> <li>Maritime Radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime Radio (page does not exist)">96.5</a></li> <li>Capital Xtra <a href="/wiki/Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">96.9, 107.1</a></li> <li>LBC <a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">97.3</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 1 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">98.5, 98.8</a></li> <li>KISS <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(UK_radio_station)" title="Kiss (UK radio station)">100.0</a></li> <li>Classic FM <a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">100.6, 100.9</a></li> <li>Flex FM <a href="/wiki/Flex_FM" title="Flex FM">101.4</a></li> <li>Smooth London <a href="/wiki/Smooth_London" title="Smooth London">102.2</a></li> <li>London Greek Radio <a href="/wiki/London_Greek_Radio" title="London Greek Radio">103.3</a></li> <li>Resonance FM <a href="/wiki/Resonance_FM" title="Resonance FM">104.4</a></li> <li>Radio X <a href="/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">104.9</a></li> <li>Magic <a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">105.4</a></li> <li>Greatest Hits Radio London <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">105.8</a></li> <li>Heart London <a href="/wiki/Heart_London" title="Heart London">106.2</a></li> <li>Rinse FM <a href="/wiki/Rinse_FM" title="Rinse FM">106.8</a></li> <li>Reprezent <a href="/wiki/Reprezent" title="Reprezent">107.3</a></li> <li>Time <a href="/wiki/Time_107.5" title="Time 107.5">107.5</a></li> <li>Radio Jackie <a href="/wiki/107.8_Radio_Jackie" title="107.8 Radio Jackie">107.8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CE_London" class="mw-redirect" title="CE London">CE London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_00s" title="Absolute Radio 00s">Absolute Radio 00s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_10s" title="Absolute Radio 10s">Absolute Radio 10s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Country" title="Absolute Radio Country">Absolute Radio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_London" title="Capital London">Capital London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_London" title="Heart London">Heart London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart Radio">Heart Xmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Pride" title="Hits Radio Pride">Hits Radio Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_(UK_radio_station)" title="Kiss (UK radio station)">KISS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Fresh" title="Kiss Fresh">Kiss Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic Chilled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic Radio">Magic Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic at the Musicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Chill_(UK_radio_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth Chill (UK radio station)">Smooth Chill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_London" title="Smooth London">Smooth London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Switch_London" title="Switch London">Switch London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_70s" title="Absolute Radio 70s">Absolute Radio 70s</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventis_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventis Radio (page does not exist)">Adventis Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AsianFX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AsianFX (page does not exist)">AsianFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_London" title="BBC Radio London">BBC Radio London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreforce" title="Centreforce">Centreforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Country">Chris Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fix_Radio" title="Fix Radio">Fix Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBC_News" title="LBC News">LBC News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi-Soul" title="Mi-Soul">Mi-Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Radio_UK" title="Nation Radio UK">Nation Radio UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maria" title="Radio Maria">Radio Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth Country">Smooth Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Radio (UK)">Virgin Radio Groove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DRG_London" title="DRG London">DRG London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Classic Rock">Absolute Classic Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Athavan_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athavan Radio (page does not exist)">Athavan Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Radio" title="Bloomberg Radio">Bloomberg Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_Radio" title="Boom Radio">Boom Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colourful_Radio" title="Colourful Radio">Colourful Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaydio" title="Gaydio">Gaydio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyca_Radio" title="Lyca Radio">Lyca Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyca_Radio" title="Lyca Radio">Lyca Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matryoshka_Radio" title="Matryoshka Radio">Matryoshka Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjab_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjab Radio (page does not exist)">Panjab Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier Gospel">Premier Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Radio_London" title="Polish Radio London">Polish Radio London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sout-al-Khaleej" class="mw-redirect" title="Sout-al-Khaleej">Sout-al-Khaleej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_DAB" title="Unity DAB">Unity DAB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voice_Of_Islam_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voice Of Islam Radio (page does not exist)">Voice Of Islam Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U.DAB" class="mw-redirect" title="U.DAB">U.DAB Trial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angel_Vintage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angel Vintage (page does not exist)">Angel Vintage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asian_Star&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asian Star (page does not exist)">Asian Star</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantis_(digital_radio_station)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantis (digital radio station) (page does not exist)">Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Beat_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Beat London (page does not exist)">The Beat London</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delite_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delite Radio (page does not exist)">Delite Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desi_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desi Radio (page does not exist)">Desi Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fun_Kids" title="Fun Kids">Fun Kids Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kool_FM" title="Kool FM">Kool FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Greek_Radio" title="London Greek Radio">London Greek Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mixer_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mixer Radio (page does not exist)">Mixer Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NME_Radio" title="NME Radio">NME 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NuSound_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NuSound Radio (page does not exist)">NuSound Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Podcast_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Podcast Radio (page does not exist)">Podcast Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caroline" title="Radio Caroline">Radio Caroline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainbow_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainbow Radio (page does not exist)">Rainbow Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonance_FM" title="Resonance FM">Resonance FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinse_FM" title="Rinse FM">Rinse FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Radio" title="Riverside Radio">Riverside Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruach_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruach Radio (page does not exist)">Ruach Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine_879" title="Shine 879">Shine 879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radio" title="Solar Radio">Solar Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=THC_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="THC Radio (page does not exist)">THC Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MuxCo" title="MuxCo">MuxCo Surrey &<br />South London</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Point_Blank_Radio" title="Point Blank Radio">Point Blank Radio</a></li> <li>Release Radio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine_879" title="Shine 879">Shine 879</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internet stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Polish_Radio" title="Anglo-Polish Radio">Anglo-Polish Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_Radio" title="Blast Radio">Blast Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_London_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East London Radio (page does not exist)">East London Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruption_Radio" title="Eruption Radio">Eruption Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_Radio" title="Imperial College Radio">Imperial College Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Radio_London" title="French Radio London">French Radio London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monocle_24" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocle 24">Monocle 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTS_Radio" title="NTS Radio">NTS Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soho_Radio" title="Soho Radio">Soho Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub.FM" title="Sub.FM">Sub.FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandsworth Radio">Wandsworth Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of radio stations in the United Kingdom</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_Greater_Manchester,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manchester_radio" title="Template:Manchester radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manchester_radio" title="Template talk:Manchester radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manchester_radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manchester radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_Greater_Manchester,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">LW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BBC Radio 4 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">198</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">MW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BBC Radio 5 Live <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">909, 693</a></li> <li>Talksport <a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">1089, 1053</a></li> <li>Radio Cavell <a href="/wiki/Radio_Cavell" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Cavell">1350</a></li> <li>Lyca Radio Greater Manchester <a href="/wiki/Lyca_Radio" title="Lyca Radio">1377, 963</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaydio <a href="/wiki/Gaydio" title="Gaydio">88.4</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 2 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">89.3, 89.8</a></li> <li>Legacy FM <a href="/wiki/Legacy_90.1_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Legacy 90.1 FM">90.1</a></li> <li>Heritage Radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heritage_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heritage Radio (page does not exist)">90.6</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 3 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">91.5, 91.9</a></li> <li>Unity Radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unity_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unity Radio (page does not exist)">92.8</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 4 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">93.7, 94.1</a></li> <li>Salford City Radio <a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Radio" title="Salford City Radio">94.4</a></li> <li>BBC Radio Manchester <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Manchester" title="BBC Radio Manchester">95.1, 104.6</a></li> <li>Greatest Hits Radio <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Manchester_%26_The_North_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West">96.2</a></li> <li>Bolton FM <a href="/wiki/Bolton_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolton FM">96.5</a></li> <li>ALL FM <a href="/wiki/ALL_FM" title="ALL FM">96.9</a></li> <li>Crescent Radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crescent_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crescent Radio (page does not exist)">97.0</a></li> <li>Wythenshawe FM <a href="/wiki/Wythenshawe_FM" title="Wythenshawe FM">97.2</a></li> <li>Radio X <a href="/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">97.7</a></li> <li>BBC Radio 1 <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">98.9, 99.3</a></li> <li>Oldham Community Radio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oldham_Community_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oldham Community Radio (page does not exist)">99.7</a></li> <li>Smooth North West <a href="/wiki/Smooth_North_West" title="Smooth North West">100.4</a></li> <li>Classic FM <a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">101.1</a></li> <li>Capital <a href="/wiki/Capital_Manchester_and_Lancashire" title="Capital Manchester and Lancashire">102.0</a></li> <li>Greatest Hits Radio <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Wigan_%26_St_Helens" class="mw-redirect" title="Greatest Hits Radio Wigan & St Helens">102.4</a></li> <li>Hits Radio Manchester <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Manchester" title="Hits Radio Manchester">103.0</a></li> <li>Tameside Radio <a href="/wiki/Tameside_Radio" title="Tameside Radio">103.6</a></li> <li>Greatest Hits Radio <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Manchester_%26_The_North_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West">104.9</a></li> <li>Heart <a href="/wiki/Heart_North_West" title="Heart North West">105.4</a></li> <li>XS Manchester <a href="/wiki/XS_Manchester" title="XS Manchester">106.1</a></li> <li>North Manchester FM <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Manchester_FM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Manchester FM (page does not exist)">106.6</a></li> <li>Greatest Hits Radio <a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Manchester_%26_The_North_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West">107.4</a></li> <li>Your FM <a href="/wiki/Your_FM" title="Your FM">107.8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/CE_Digital" title="CE Digital">CE</a> Manchester (12C)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Classic_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute Classic Rock">Absolute Classic Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Country" title="Absolute Radio Country">Absolute Radio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Manchester" title="BBC Radio Manchester">BBC Radio Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Manchester_and_Lancashire" title="Capital Manchester and Lancashire">Capital Manchester and Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio_Manchester_%26_The_North_West" title="Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West">Greatest Hits Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_North_West" title="Heart North West">Heart North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_Manchester" title="Hits Radio Manchester">Hits Radio Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyca_Radio" title="Lyca Radio">Lyca Radio Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)#Digital" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic Chilled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)#Digital" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Smooth Country">Smooth Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_North_West" title="Smooth North West">Smooth North West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manchester small-scale trial (10B)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Star_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Star Radio">Asian Star Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Care_Radio" title="Care Radio">Care Radio</a></li> <li>Cheesy FM</li> <li>Cosoro Radio</li> <li>Eirewave</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaydio" title="Gaydio">Gaydio</a></li> <li>Happy Radio</li> <li>Heritage Radio</li> <li>Hope FM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Greek_Radio" title="London Greek Radio">LGR</a></li> <li>Love 80s Manchester</li> <li>Mom's Spaghetti</li> <li>Panacea Soul</li> <li>Pie Radio</li> <li>Podcast Radio</li> <li>R360 Radio</li> <li>Radio Africana</li> <li>Radio Diamond</li> <li>Sami Swoi Radio</li> <li>Skylab Radio</li> <li>Strawberry Radio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Radio_(Yorkshire)" title="Sunrise Radio (Yorkshire)">Sunrise Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomorrowland_(festival)" title="Tomorrowland (festival)">Tomorrowland One World Radio</a></li> <li>Ultimate Beats Radio</li> <li>Unity Radio</li> <li>Voice of Islam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XS_Manchester" title="XS Manchester">XS Manchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imagine_FM" title="Imagine FM">Imagine FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_102" title="Kiss 102">Kiss 102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_(radio_station)" title="The Revolution (radio station)">Revolution 96.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_102" title="Sunset 102">Sunset 102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_FM" title="Tower FM">Tower FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wish_FM" title="Wish FM">Wish FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_Regen" title="Radio Regen">Radio Regen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of radio stations in the United Kingdom</a></dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dt>Notes</dt> <dd>The FM BBC Radio stations are broadcast from two transmitters, <a href="/wiki/Holme_Moss_transmitting_station" title="Holme Moss transmitting station">Holme Moss</a> and Saddleworth.</dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="UK_national_newspapers,_magazines,_and_other_periodicals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK national newspapers, magazines, and other periodicals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Newspapers(History,_Circulation)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom">Newspapers</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_British_newspapers" title="History of British newspapers">History</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom_by_circulation" title="List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation">Circulation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Broadsheet" title="Broadsheet">Broadsheet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Telegraph" title="The Sunday Telegraph">The Sunday Telegraph</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_(newspaper)" title="Compact (newspaper)">Compact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_(newspaper)" title="I (newspaper)">i</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-market_newspaper" title="Middle-market newspaper">Middle-market</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Express" title="Daily Express">Daily Express</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mail_on_Sunday" title="The Mail on Sunday">The Mail on Sunday</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">Tabloid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Mirror" title="Sunday Mirror">Sunday Mirror</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_(British_newspaper)" title="Morning Star (British newspaper)">Morning Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_People" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sunday People">The Sunday People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_(United_Kingdom)" title="Daily Star (United Kingdom)">Daily Star</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Star_Sunday" title="Daily Star Sunday">Daily Star Sunday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Sport" title="Sunday Sport">Sunday Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weekend_Sport_(tabloid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekend Sport (tabloid)">Weekend Sport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Midweek_Sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Midweek Sport">Midweek Sport</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines and<br />other periodicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines in the United Kingdom">List of magazines in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_magazines_by_circulation#United_Kingdom" title="List of magazines by circulation">List of magazines by circulation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Radio_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Radio in the United Kingdom">Radio in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#National_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">National<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio" title="BBC Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1" title="BBC Radio 1">BBC Radio 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_1Xtra" title="BBC Radio 1Xtra">BBC Radio 1Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_2" title="BBC Radio 2">BBC Radio 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4_Extra" title="BBC Radio 4 Extra">BBC Radio 4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Live" title="BBC Radio 5 Live">BBC Radio 5 Live</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_5_Sports_Extra" title="BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra">BBC Radio 5 Sports Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_6_Music" title="BBC Radio 6 Music">BBC Radio 6 Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Asian_Network" title="BBC Asian Network">BBC Asian Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_National_DAB" title="BBC National DAB">BBC National DAB</a> (multiplex)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_National_Radio" title="Independent National Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Absolute_Radio_Network" title="Absolute Radio Network">Absolute Radio Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/British_Forces_Broadcasting_Service" title="British Forces Broadcasting Service">BFBS Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_(radio_network)" title="Capital (radio network)">Capital</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_Xtra" title="Capital Xtra">Capital Xtra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Digital_One" title="Digital One">Digital One</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gold_(British_radio_network)" title="Gold (British radio network)">Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Radio" title="Greatest Hits Radio">Greatest Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heart_(radio_network)" title="Heart (radio network)">Heart</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio" title="Hits Radio">Hits Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jazz_FM_(UK)" title="Jazz FM (UK)">Jazz FM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kiss_Network" title="Kiss Network">Kiss Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC" title="LBC">LBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/LBC_News" title="LBC News">LBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_(UK_radio_station)" title="Magic (UK radio station)">Magic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Magic_Classical" title="Magic Classical">Magic Classical</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Premier_Christian_Radio" title="Premier Christian Radio">Premier Christian Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/RNIB_Connect_Radio" title="RNIB Connect Radio">RNIB Connect Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sound_Digital" title="Sound Digital">Sound Digital</a> (multiplex)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Smooth_Radio_(2014)" title="Smooth Radio (2014)">Smooth Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talksport" title="Talksport">talkSPORT</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Talkradio" title="Talkradio">TalkRadio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Times_Radio" title="Times Radio">Times Radio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/United_Christian_Broadcasters" title="United Christian Broadcasters">UCB UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Radio_UK" title="Virgin Radio UK">Virgin Radio UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Radio_X_(United_Kingdom)" title="Radio X (United Kingdom)">Radio X</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Local_and_regional_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">Regional<br />and local<br />stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Local_Radio" title="BBC Local Radio">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#BBC_Local_Radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of BBC Local Radio stations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Scotland" title="BBC Radio Scotland">BBC Radio Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_nan_G%C3%A0idheal" title="BBC Radio nan Gàidheal">BBC Radio nan Gàidheal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Ulster" title="BBC Radio Ulster">BBC Radio Ulster</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Foyle" title="BBC Radio Foyle">BBC Radio Foyle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Wales" title="BBC Radio Wales">BBC Radio Wales</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru" title="BBC Radio Cymru">BBC Radio Cymru</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Cymru_2" title="BBC Radio Cymru 2">Cymru 2</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Independent_Local_Radio" title="Independent Local Radio">Independent<br />/ commercial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Community_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of community radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Commercial_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of local commercial radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Semi-national_analogue_and_digital_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of semi-national / regional analogue and digital radio stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Hospital_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of hospital radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pirate radio in the United Kingdom">Pirate radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a> (RSL) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#RSL_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of RSL stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_radio_stations" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of satellite radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom#Student_and_schools_radio" title="List of radio stations in the United Kingdom">List of student and schools radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_the_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="FM broadcasting in the UK">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy" title="Radio Academy">Radio Academy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Academy_Awards" title="Radio Academy Awards">Radio Academy Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Independents_Group" title="Radio Independents Group">Radio Independents Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAJAR" title="RAJAR">RAJAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-listened-to_radio_programs" title="List of most-listened-to radio programs">Most listened to programmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Television_in_the_UK" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Television in the UK</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Principalchannels(List)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal<br />channels<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_television_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of television channels in the United Kingdom">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BBC_Television" title="BBC Television">BBC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Three" title="BBC Three">BBC Three</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Four" title="BBC Four">BBC Four</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News (TV channel)">BBC News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Parliament" title="BBC Parliament">BBC Parliament</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Alba" title="BBC Alba">BBC Alba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/BBC_Scotland_(TV_channel)" title="BBC Scotland (TV channel)">BBC Scotland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBBC" title="CBBC">CBBC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CBeebies" title="CBeebies">CBeebies</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/ITV1" title="ITV1">ITV1</a>/<a href="/wiki/STV_(TV_channel)" title="STV (TV channel)">STV</a>/<a href="/wiki/UTV_(TV_channel)" title="UTV (TV channel)">UTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV2" title="ITV2">ITV2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV3" title="ITV3">ITV3</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITV4" title="ITV4">ITV4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/ITVBe" title="ITVBe">ITVBe</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel 4</a>/<a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_(TV_channel)" title="E4 (TV channel)">E4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/E4_Extra" title="E4 Extra">E4 Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Film4" title="Film4">Film4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/More4" title="More4">More4</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/4seven" title="4seven">4seven</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Channel_5_(British_TV_channel)" title="Channel 5 (British TV channel)">Channel 5</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Star" title="5Star">5Star</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5USA" title="5USA">5USA</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Select" title="5Select">5Select</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/5Action" title="5Action">5Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_(British_TV_channel)" title="Comedy Central (British TV channel)">Comedy Central</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central_Extra" title="Comedy Central Extra">Comedy Central Extra</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Music_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Music (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_Hits_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV Hits (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV Hits</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_80s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 80s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 80s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/MTV_90s_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="MTV 90s (British and Irish TV channel)">MTV 90s</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nickelodeon (British and Irish TV channel)">Nickelodeon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nicktoons_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicktoons (British TV channel)">Nicktoons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nick_Jr._(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Nick Jr. (British and Irish TV channel)">Nick Jr.</a></dd> <dd>Nick Jr. Too</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sky_UK" title="Sky UK">Sky UK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Challenge_(TV_channel)" title="Challenge (TV channel)">Challenge</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Arts" title="Sky Arts">Sky Arts</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Atlantic" title="Sky Atlantic">Sky Atlantic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Cinema" title="Sky Cinema">Sky Cinema</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Comedy" title="Sky Comedy">Sky Comedy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Crime" title="Sky Crime">Sky Crime</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Documentaries" title="Sky Documentaries">Sky Documentaries</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_(European_TV_channel)" title="History (European TV channel)">Sky History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/H2_(A%26E_Networks)" title="H2 (A&E Networks)">Sky History 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Kids_(TV_channel)" title="Sky Kids (TV channel)">Sky Kids</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Max" title="Sky Max">Sky Max</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Mix" title="Sky Mix">Sky Mix</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Nature" title="Sky Nature">Sky Nature</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_News" title="Sky News">Sky News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Replay" title="Sky Replay">Sky Replay</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sci-Fi" title="Sky Sci-Fi">Sky Sci-Fi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Showcase" title="Sky Showcase">Sky Showcase</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Box_Office" title="Sky Box Office">Sky Sports Box Office</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_F1" title="Sky Sports F1">Sky Sports F1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_News" title="Sky Sports News">Sky Sports News</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports_Racing" title="Sky Sports Racing">Sky Sports Racing</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Sports" title="Sky Sports">Sky Sports</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sky_Witness_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Witness (TV channel)">Sky Witness</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UKTV" title="UKTV">UKTV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Alibi" title="U&Alibi">U&Alibi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Dave" title="U&Dave">U&Dave</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Drama" title="U&Drama">U&Drama</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Eden" title="U&Eden">U&Eden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Gold" title="U&Gold">U&Gold</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26W" title="U&W">U&W</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/U%26Yesterday" title="U&Yesterday">U&Yesterday</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Animal_Planet_(British_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal Planet (British TV channel)">Animal Planet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Boomerang_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Boomerang (British and Irish TV channel)">Boomerang</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_Network_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoon Network (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoon Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartoonito_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Cartoonito (British and Irish TV channel)">Cartoonito</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/CNN_International" title="CNN International">CNN International</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Channel (British and Irish TV channel)">Discovery Channel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_History" title="Discovery History">Discovery History</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Science_(European_TV_channel)" title="Discovery Science (European TV channel)">Discovery Science</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Turbo" title="Discovery Turbo">Discovery Turbo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(British_TV_channel)" title="DMAX (British TV channel)">DMAX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_1" title="Eurosport 1">Eurosport 1</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eurosport_2" title="Eurosport 2">Eurosport 2</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/HGTV_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="HGTV (British and Irish TV channel)">HGTV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Investigation_Discovery_(European_TV_channel)" title="Investigation Discovery (European TV channel)">Investigation Discovery</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quest (TV channel)">Quest</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Quest_Red" title="Quest Red">Quest Red</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Really_(TV_channel)" title="Really (TV channel)">Really</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TLC_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="TLC (British and Irish TV channel)">TLC</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/TNT_Sports_(United_Kingdom)" title="TNT Sports (United Kingdom)">TNT Sports</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narrative Entertainment UK Limited</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Action" title="Great! Action">Great! Action</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Movies" title="Great! Movies">Great! Movies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_Romance" title="Great! Romance">Great! Romance</a></dd> <dd>Great! Real</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Great!_TV" title="Great! TV">Great! TV</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_(British_and_Irish_TV_channel)" title="Pop (British and Irish TV channel)">Pop</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pop_Max" title="Pop Max">Pop Max</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services<br />and<br />platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Amazon Prime Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_iPlayer" title="BBC iPlayer">BBC iPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television_by_region#United_Kingdom" title="Cable television by region">cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_4_(VoD_service)" title="Channel 4 (VoD service)">Channel 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital television in the United Kingdom">digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">digital terrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DTT_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of DTT channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney%2B" title="Disney+">Disney+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EE_TV" title="EE TV">EE TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freely" title="Freely">Freely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freesat" title="Freesat">Freesat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat%2B" title="Freesat+">Freesat+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeview_(UK)" title="Freeview (UK)">Freeview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="High-definition television in the United Kingdom">high-definition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_HD_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of HD channels in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ITVX" title="ITVX">ITVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Player" title="STV Player">STV Player</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local television in the United Kingdom">local television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My5" title="My5">My5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Now_(streaming_service)" title="Now (streaming service)">Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Player" title="Pop Player">Pop Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restricted_Service_Licence" title="Restricted Service Licence">Restricted Service Licence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Satellite_television" title="Television in the United Kingdom">satellite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_free-to-air_channels_at_Astra_28.2%C2%B0E_(Ireland_and_the_United_Kingdom)" title="List of free-to-air channels at Astra 28.2°E (Ireland and the United Kingdom)">List of channels</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freesat_from_Sky" title="Freesat from Sky">Freesat from Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Demand_(Sky)" title="On Demand (Sky)">On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B" title="Sky+">Sky+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky%2B_HD" title="Sky+ HD">Sky+ HD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV" title="TalkTalk TV">TalkTalk TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_(streaming_service)" title="U (streaming service)">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_TV" title="Virgin TV">Virgin Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FilmFlex" title="FilmFlex">FilmFlex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%2B" title="V+">V+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouView" title="YouView">YouView</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue television in the United Kingdom">analogue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom">analogue terrestrial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Store" title="BBC Store">BBC Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_TV_Store" title="TalkTalk TV Store">TalkTalk TV Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film4oD" title="Film4oD">Film4oD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Digital" title="Real Digital">Real Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Up_TV" title="Top Up TV">Top Up TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Mills_Studios" title="3 Mills Studios">3 Mills Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Cymru_Wales_New_Broadcasting_House" title="BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House">BBC Cymru Wales New Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Elstree_Centre" title="BBC Elstree Centre">BBC Elstree Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Pacific_Quay" title="BBC Pacific Quay">BBC Pacific Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bottle_Yard_Studios" title="The Bottle Yard Studios">The Bottle Yard Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House" title="Broadcasting House">Broadcasting House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Belfast" title="Broadcasting House, Belfast">Broadcasting House, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Bristol" title="Broadcasting House, Bristol">Broadcasting House, Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock10_(television_facility)" title="Dock10 (television facility)">Dock10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elstree_Studios_(Shenley_Road)" title="Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)">Elstree Studios (Shenley Road)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Street_Studios" title="Gas Street Studios">Gas Street Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leeds_Studios" title="The Leeds Studios">The Leeds Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Maidstone_Studios" title="The Maidstone Studios">The Maidstone Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mailbox_Birmingham" title="Mailbox Birmingham">Mailbox Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Studios" title="Granada Studios">Old Granada Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Studios" title="Riverside Studios">Riverside Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roath_Lock" title="Roath Lock">Roath Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sharp_Project" title="The Sharp Project">The Sharp Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Campus" title="Sky Campus">Sky Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Studios_Manchester" title="Space Studios Manchester">Space Studios Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_London" title="Television Centre, London">Television Centre, London</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_House,_Cardiff" title="Broadcasting House, Cardiff">Broadcasting House, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickenson_Road_Studios" title="Dickenson Road Studios">Dickenson Road Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountain_Studios" title="Fountain Studios">Fountain Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hospital_Club" title="The Hospital Club">The Hospital Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_Grove_Studios" title="Lime Grove Studios">Lime Grove Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Studios" title="Limehouse Studios">Limehouse Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_London_Studios" title="The London Studios">The London Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-British_Studios" title="MGM-British Studios">MGM-British Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Broadcasting_House,_Manchester" title="New Broadcasting House, Manchester">New Broadcasting House, Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pebble_Mill_Studios" title="Pebble Mill Studios">Pebble Mill Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddington_Studios" title="Teddington Studios">Teddington Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne">Television Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_Centre,_Southampton" title="Television Centre, Southampton">Television Centre, Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Boat_Studios" title="Upper Boat Studios">Upper Boat Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Television in Northern Ireland">Television in Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Scotland" title="Television in Scotland">in Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_TV_channels_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of former TV channels in the United Kingdom">Defunct channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Television_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Television Festival">Edinburgh International Television Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#History" title="Television in the United Kingdom">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_British_television" title="List of years in British television">List of years</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of television stations in the United Kingdom">List of channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_Kingdom#Viewing_statistics" title="Television in the United Kingdom">Viewing statistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_watched_television_broadcasts#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most watched television broadcasts">Most-watched broadcasts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Companies_and_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Companies and organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major<br />companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascential" title="Ascential">Ascential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banijay_UK_Productions" title="Banijay UK Productions">Banijay UK Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Audio_UK" title="Bauer Media Audio UK">Bauer Media Audio UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">Channel Four Television Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail_and_General_Trust" title="Daily Mail and General Trust">Daily Mail and General Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentsu_International" title="Dentsu International">Dentsu International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economist_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Economist Group">Economist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Media_%26_Entertainment" title="Global Media & Entertainment">Global Media & Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_Media_Group" title="Haymarket Media Group">Haymarket Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITN" title="ITN">ITN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV plc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Narrative_Capital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narrative Capital (page does not exist)">Narrative Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World" title="National World">National World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_Broadcasting" title="News Broadcasting">News Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_UK" title="News UK">News UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsquest" title="Newsquest">Newsquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_%26_Shell" title="Northern & Shell">Northern & Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Holdings" title="Press Holdings">Press Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_plc" title="Reach plc">Reach plc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sky_Group" title="Sky Group">Sky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syco" class="mw-redirect" title="Syco">Syco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TalkTalk_Group" title="TalkTalk Group">TalkTalk Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Networks_UK_%26_Australia" title="Paramount Networks UK & Australia">Paramount Networks UK & Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Media_O2" title="Virgin Media O2">Virgin Media O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company (UK) Ltd.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Discovery_EMEA" title="Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA">Warner Bros. Discovery EMEA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arqiva" title="Arqiva">Arqiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_book_publishers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom">List of largest UK book publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and<br />regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_Standards_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)">Advertising Standards Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Board" title="BBC Board">BBC Board</a> (formerly: <a href="/wiki/BBC_Trust" title="BBC Trust">BBC Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Governors_of_the_BBC" title="Board of Governors of the BBC">Board of Governors of the BBC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture,_Media_and_Sport_Committee" title="Culture, Media and Sport Committee">Culture, Media, and Sport Select Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Culture,_Media_and_Sport" title="Department for Culture, Media and Sport">Department for Culture, Media and Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Press_Standards_Organisation" title="Independent Press Standards Organisation">Independent Press Standards Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofcom" title="Ofcom">Ofcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_Recognition_Panel" title="Press Recognition Panel">Press Recognition Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and<br />trades bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_of_Film_and_Television_Arts" title="British Academy of Film and Television Arts">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting,_Entertainment,_Cinematograph_and_Theatre_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union">Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearcast" title="Clearcast">Clearcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_TV_Group" title="Digital TV Group">Digital TV Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyone_TV" title="Everyone TV">Everyone TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Against_Copyright_Theft" title="Federation Against Copyright Theft">Federation Against Copyright Theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Publishers_Guild" title="Independent Publishers Guild">Independent Publishers Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">National Union of Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Publishers_Association" title="The Publishers Association">The Publishers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BBC_Academy" title="BBC Academy">BBC Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Television_School" title="National Film and Television School">National Film and Television School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Science_and_Media_Museum" title="National Science and Media Museum">National Science and Media Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Regional_and_student_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regional and student media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Media in England <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Birmingham" title="Media in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_London" title="Media in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Manchester" title="Media in Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Scotland" title="Media of Scotland">Media in Scotland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Aberdeen" title="Media in Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Dundee" title="Media in Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Glasgow" title="Media in Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media in Wales</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Cardiff" title="Media in Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Student media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Student_television_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Student television in the United Kingdom">Student television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_student_newspapers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of student newspapers in the United Kingdom">Student press</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Mass media in the United Kingdom">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Absolute_Radio&params=51.5122_N_0.1369_W_type:landmark_region:GB"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°30′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°08′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.5122°N 0.1369°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.5122; -0.1369</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&oldid=1258563939">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&oldid=1258563939</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Absolute_Radio" title="Category:Absolute Radio">Absolute Radio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Virgin_Radio_(UK)" title="Category:Virgin Radio (UK)">Virgin Radio (UK)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bauer_Radio" title="Category:Bauer Radio">Bauer Radio</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_London" title="Category:Radio stations in London">Radio stations in London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_established_in_1993" title="Category:Radio stations established in 1993">Radio stations established in 1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_of_The_Times_Group" title="Category:Radio stations of The Times Group">Radio stations of The Times Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1993_establishments_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:1993 establishments in the United Kingdom">1993 establishments in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_formed_by_management_buyout" title="Category:Companies formed by management buyout">Companies formed by management buyout</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Digital-only_radio_stations" title="Category:Digital-only radio stations">Digital-only radio stations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2021">Articles with dead external links from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use British English from May 2020">Use British English from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2020">Use dmy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_radio_station" title="Category:Articles using infobox radio station">Articles using infobox radio station</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_OS_grid_coordinates" title="Category:Articles with OS grid coordinates">Articles with OS grid coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 11:27<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Absolute_Radio&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-nj7fj","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.654","walltime":"1.854","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11363,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":683629,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":116498,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":21,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":590901,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1525.663 1 -total"," 48.23% 735.762 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.79% 286.704 57 Template:Cite_web"," 12.92% 197.098 50 Template:Cite_news"," 9.66% 147.335 24 Template:Navbox"," 8.37% 127.767 33 Template:Citation"," 7.71% 117.685 1 Template:Infobox_radio_station"," 7.51% 114.505 1 Template:Navboxes"," 6.90% 105.280 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.65% 101.483 9 Template:Sfn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.992","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9756125,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"AMJan23\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhmed1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmey2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrews2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAston1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBannister1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnett2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrie1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeavisBarrie1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBell1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowen1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowie2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowie2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooks1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1994\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollins2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColothan2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFColothan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColothan2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCulf1993\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFCulf1994\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCulf1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCulf1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurran2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDickens2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinch1997\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFinch1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGary_Tuppeny1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHebditch1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolmwood2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHosking1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHosking1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarpf1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLacey1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinton1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLister1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthew2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthias_Zepf1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCann1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMulholland1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaylorColothan2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Carroll2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlunkett2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReece2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShah2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThornton2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaldman1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallder2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestoby2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWroe1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFgadgets_and_games_19752012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Absolute Radio\"] = 1,\n [\"Bauer Media Group\"] = 1,\n [\"Bauer Radio\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 33,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 50,\n [\"Cite newsgroup\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 57,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Dts\"] = 33,\n [\"For\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Independent National Radio\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox radio station\"] = 1,\n [\"London radio\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 14,\n [\"Manchester Radio\"] = 1,\n [\"Media in the United Kingdom\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 2,\n [\"OS coord\"] = 33,\n [\"Official URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 9,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 3,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-x4xzf","timestamp":"20241125133922","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Absolute Radio","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Absolute_Radio","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4590187","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4590187","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-02T16:56:40Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T11:27:12Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f9\/AbsoluteLogo.svg","headline":"national popular music station in the United Kingdom"}</script> </body> </html>