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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accuracy,_credibility_and_expertise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accuracy,_credibility_and_expertise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Accuracy, credibility and expertise </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accuracy,_credibility_and_expertise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neutrality_and_ideological_bias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutrality_and_ideological_bias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Neutrality and ideological bias </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutrality_and_ideological_bias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pornographic_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pornographic_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Pornographic content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pornographic_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Later activities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Later activities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Later_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citizendium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizendium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Citizendium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizendium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Other projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Philosophy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Selected writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Larry Sanger</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" > 95 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="لاري سانجر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لاري سانجر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="লেৰী ছেংগাৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লেৰী ছেংগাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larri_Senger" title="Larri Senger – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Larri Senger" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ল্যারি স্যাঙ্গার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ল্যারি স্যাঙ্গার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лары Сэнгер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лары Сэнгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лары Сэнгер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лары Сэнгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Лари Сангър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лари Сангър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Сэнгер Лоуренс Марк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сэнгер Лоуренс Марк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%AC%DE%83%DE%A9_%DE%90%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%83" title="ލެރީ ސެންގަރ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލެރީ ސެންގަރ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9_%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Λάρι Σάνγκερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λάρι Σάνγκερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="لری سنگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لری سنگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_sanger" title="Larry sanger – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Larry sanger" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0" title="લેરી સેંગર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લેરી સેંગર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%98%EB%A6%AC_%EC%83%9D%EC%96%B4" title="래리 생어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="래리 생어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Լարի Սանգեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լարի Սանգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="लैरी सैंगर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लैरी सैंगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8" title="לארי סנגר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לארי סנגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲ್ಯಾರಿ ಸ್ಯಾಂಗರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲ್ಯಾರಿ ಸ್ಯಾಂಗರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლარი სენგერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლარი სენგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="لیری سینگر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لیری سینگر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ларри Сэнгер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ларри Сэнгер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B5_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B5" title="ແລຣີ ແຊນເຈີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແລຣີ ແຊນເຈີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurentius_Sanger" title="Laurentius Sanger – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Laurentius Sanger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerijs_Send%C5%BEers" title="Lerijs Sendžers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lerijs Sendžers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="ल्यारी स्याङ्गर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ल्यारी स्याङ्गर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BC" title="ലാറി സാങർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാറി സാങർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="लॅरी सँगर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लॅरी सँगर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="لارى سانجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لارى سانجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="လာရီဆန်ဂါ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လာရီဆန်ဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="ल्यारी स्याङ्गर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ल्यारी स्याङ्गर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="ラリー・サンガー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラリー・サンガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B0" title="ଲାରି ସାଙ୍ଗର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାରି ସାଙ୍ଗର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਲੈਰੀ ਸੈਂਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੈਰੀ ਸੈਂਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="လာရီသန်ဂါ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လာရီသန်ဂါ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1" title="لېري سانګر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لېري سانګر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Сэнгер, Ларри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сэнгер, Ларри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="ලැරී සැංගර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලැරී සැංගර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ليري سينگر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ليري سينگر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="لاری سانگر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لاری سانگر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Лари Сангер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лари Сангер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Sanger" title="Larry Sanger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Larry Sanger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="லாரி சாங்கர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லாரி சாங்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="లారీ సాంగర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లారీ సాంగర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แลร์รี แซงเงอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แลร์รี แซงเงอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Larry Sanger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:L_Sanger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A bespectacled balding man in a blue shirt with the collar unbuttoned looks straight at the viewer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/L_Sanger.jpg/220px-L_Sanger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/L_Sanger.jpg/330px-L_Sanger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/L_Sanger.jpg/440px-L_Sanger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1209" data-file-height="1490" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Sanger in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Lawrence Mark Sanger</div> (1968-07-16) July 16, 1968 (age 56) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Internet project developer Philosopher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Co-founding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nupedia" title="Nupedia">Nupedia</a></li><li>Founding <a href="/wiki/Citizendium" title="Citizendium">Citizendium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://larrysanger.org">larrysanger.org</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Sanger_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Larry_Sanger_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/150px-Larry_Sanger_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Larry_Sanger_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/225px-Larry_Sanger_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Larry_Sanger_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png/300px-Larry_Sanger_Signature_from_the_Goldman_Collection.png 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="544" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Lawrence Mark Sanger (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈsæŋər/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/ab\/En-us-Sanger.oga\/En-us-Sanger.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Sanger.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/En-us-Sanger.oga/En-us-Sanger.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Sanger.oga" title="File:En-us-Sanger.oga">ⓘ</a>;<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> born July 16, 1968) is an American Internet project developer and philosopher who co-founded <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> along with <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a>. Sanger coined Wikipedia's name, and provided initial drafts for many of its early guidelines, including the "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia#Policies_and_content" title="Wikipedia">Neutral point of view</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Ignore_all_rules" title="Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a>" policies. Prior to Wikipedia, he was the editor-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/Nupedia" title="Nupedia">Nupedia</a>, another <a href="/wiki/Online_encyclopedia" title="Online encyclopedia">online encyclopedia</a>. He later worked on other encyclopedic projects, including <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Earth" title="Encyclopedia of Earth">Encyclopedia of Earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citizendium" title="Citizendium">Citizendium</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Everipedia" title="Everipedia">Everipedia</a>, and advised the nonprofit American political encyclopedia <a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Knowledge_2019-2">[2]</a> While in college, Sanger began using the Internet for educational purposes and joined the online encyclopedia Nupedia as <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> in 2000. Disappointed with the slow progress of Nupedia, Sanger proposed using a <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> to solicit and receive articles to put through Nupedia's peer-review process; this change led to the development and launch of Wikipedia in 2001. Sanger continued to serve as Nupedia's editor-in-chief and as an active contributor to Wikipedia in its first year, but he was laid off and left the projects in March 2002. Sanger's status as a co-founder of Wikipedia has been questioned by Wales<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> but is generally accepted.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Since Sanger's departure from Wikipedia, he has been critical of the project, describing it in 2007 as being "broken beyond repair".<a href="#cite_note-Iain_Thomson-6">[6]</a> He has argued that, despite its merits, Wikipedia lacks credibility and accuracy due to a lack of respect for expertise and authority. Since 2020, he has criticized Wikipedia for what he perceives as a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> <a href="/wiki/Ideological_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Ideological bias on Wikipedia">ideological bias</a> in its articles.<a href="#cite_note-Tel20210716-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sayers_2021-8">[8]</a> In 2006, he founded <a href="/wiki/Citizendium" title="Citizendium">Citizendium</a> to compete with Wikipedia. In 2010, he stepped down as editor-in-chief. In 2020, he left Citizendium entirely. In 2017, he joined Everipedia as <a href="/wiki/Chief_information_officer" title="Chief information officer">chief information officer</a> (CIO). He resigned in 2019, to establish a Knowledge Standards Foundation and the "encyclosphere". As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Larry_Sanger&action=edit">[update]</a>, Sanger was serving as the executive director of the Knowledge Standards Foundation.<a href="#cite_note-Knowledge_2019-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclosphere-10">[10]</a> Sanger's other interests include a focus on philosophy–in particular <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_philosophy" title="Early modern philosophy">early modern philosophy</a>, and ethics. He taught philosophy at his alma mater, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Lawrence Mark Sanger was born in <a href="/wiki/Bellevue,_Washington" title="Bellevue, Washington">Bellevue, Washington</a>, on July 16, 1968.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson20-12">[12]</a> His father Gerry was a <a href="/wiki/Marine_biologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine biologist">marine biologist</a> who studied <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a> and his mother raised the children.<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chris_Lydgate-13">[13]</a> When he was seven years old, his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a>, where he grew up.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson20-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Poe-14">[14]</a> He was interested in philosophical topics at an early age and decided "to study philosophy and make it my life's work" at the age of 16.<a href="#cite_note-Wade_Roush-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alan_Boraas-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Larry_Sanger_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A teenage boy wearing a black suit with a blue tie smiles." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Larry_Sanger_1986.jpg/150px-Larry_Sanger_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Larry_Sanger_1986.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>Sanger in 1986</figcaption></figure> In high school, he participated in <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a>, which Sanger says influenced his views on neutrality due to these debates exposing him to different issues and arguments from both sides:<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">And so I'd look up articles about those things, and I was always furious when I came across an article that failed to present one side fairly or at all. The worst instances were when [the author] would just come out and say what their position is. It just struck me as being really unfair.</blockquote> Sanger graduated from high school in 1986 and attended <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic_major" title="Academic major">majoring</a> in philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-Alan_Boraas-16">[16]</a> In college he became interested in the Internet and its potential as a publishing outlet.<a href="#cite_note-Wade_Roush-15">[15]</a> Sanger set up a <a href="/wiki/Listserver" class="mw-redirect" title="Listserver">listserver</a> as a medium for students and tutors to meet for tutoring and "to act as a forum for discussion of tutorials, tutorial methods, and the possibility and merits of a voluntary, free network of individual tutors and students finding each other via the Internet for education outside the traditional university setting".<a href="#cite_note-Tutor-L-18">[18]</a> He started and moderated a <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> philosophy discussion list, the Association for Systematic Philosophy.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Poe-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> In 1994, Sanger wrote a manifesto for the discussion group:<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The history of philosophy is full of disagreement and confusion. One reaction by philosophers to this state of things is to doubt whether the truth about philosophy can ever be known, or whether there is any such thing as the truth about philosophy. But there is another reaction: one may set out to think more carefully and methodically than one's intellectual forebears.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Poe-14">[14]</a></blockquote> Around 1994, Sanger met Jimmy Wales after subscribing to Wales' <a href="/wiki/Mailing_list" title="Mailing list">mailing list</a> titled Moderated Discussion of <a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivist</a> Philosophy (MDOP).<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> Sanger received a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy from Reed in 1991, a Master of Arts from Ohio State University in 1995, and a Doctor of Philosophy from Ohio State University in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Glyn_Moody-19">[19]</a> Beginning in 1998, he and a friend ran a website called "Sanger and Shannon's Review of Y2K News Reports", a resource for people such as managers of computer systems who were concerned about the <a href="/wiki/Year_2000_problem" title="Year 2000 problem">year 2000 problem</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Poe-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih33-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nupedia_and_Wikipedia">Nupedia and Wikipedia</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia" title="History of Wikipedia">History of Wikipedia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ten people are standing in the rear while two people, Sanger among them to the viewer's right, are seated in the front." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg/220px-Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg/330px-Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg/440px-Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1786" data-file-height="1194" /></a><figcaption>Sanger (seated right) among the Bomis staff in mid-2000.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Nupedia" title="Nupedia">Nupedia</a> was a web-based encyclopedia whose articles were written by volunteer contributors possessing relevant subject matter expertise and reviewed by editors prior to publication, and were licensed as free content.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih35-21">[21]</a> It was conceived by Jimmy Wales and underwritten by his company <a href="/wiki/Bomis" title="Bomis">Bomis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson8–9-22">[22]</a> Wales had interacted with Sanger on mailing lists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson31-23">[23]</a> In January 2000, Sanger had e-mailed Wales and others about a potential "cultural news blog" project that would cover social and political issues that he had in mind after January 1, 2000, had passed and rendered his Y2K site obsolete. Wales replied with "Instead of doing that, why don't you come and work on this idea that I've had?", presented the idea of Nupedia to Sanger, and invited him to join the project.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih33-20">[20]</a> Sanger was hired as Nupedia's <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson8–9-22">[22]</a> He began to oversee Nupedia in February 2000,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson32-24">[24]</a> developing a review process for articles and recruiting editors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih37–38-25">[25]</a> Through working on Nupedia, Sanger "found that it was a fascinating problem to organize people online to create encyclopedias".<a href="#cite_note-Schulz_2010-26">[26]</a> Articles were reviewed through Nupedia's email system before being posted on the site.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih38-27">[27]</a> Nupedia made very slow progress and was at a standstill at the end of 2000, causing consternation to Sanger and Wales,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih43-28">[28]</a> with Sanger saying that "by the summer of 2000, it had become clear that the process we tested out [for making articles on Nupedia] was very slow."<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> In January 2001, Sanger proposed the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wiki</a> to speed article development,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih64-29">[29]</a> which resulted in the launch of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> on January 15, 2001.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih64-29">[29]</a> Wikipedia was initially intended as a collaborative wiki for which the public would write entries that would then be fed into Nupedia's review process.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Poe-14">[14]</a> However, the majority of Nupedia's experts and the Nupedia advisory board wanted little to do with the project,<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Poe-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> with members of the Nupedia advisory board mailing list dismissing the idea of Wikipedia as being ridiculous.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> The idea of using a wiki came when Sanger met up with his friend <a href="/wiki/Ben_Kovitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ben Kovitz">Ben Kovitz</a> for <a href="/wiki/Dinner" title="Dinner">dinner</a> on January 2, 2001,<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson9-30">[30]</a> when Sanger was first introduced to wiki software.<a href="#cite_note-Glyn_Moody-19">[19]</a> Kovitz, whom Sanger had known from philosophy mailing lists,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih43-28">[28]</a> was a computer programmer who had come across <a href="/wiki/Ward_Cunningham" title="Ward Cunningham">Ward Cunningham</a>'s <a href="/wiki/WikiWikiWeb" title="WikiWikiWeb">Wiki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih44-31">[31]</a> Sanger was impressed with the possibilities offered by wikis and called Wales, who agreed to try it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih44–45-32">[32]</a> Sanger originated the name "Wikipedia", chosen from "a long list of names", which he later said was "a silly name for what was at first a very silly project".<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih45-33">[33]</a> Sanger created Wikipedia's first introductory pages and home pages, and invited the first few people to make contributions to the website, which was then called the Nupedia Wiki.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> Within a few days of its launch, Wikipedia had outgrown Nupedia and a small community of editors had gathered.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall_Poe-14">[14]</a> Sanger served as Wikipedia's "chief organizer",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih138-34">[34]</a> inviting new contributors and drafting early policy, including "<a href="/wiki/Ignore_all_rules" title="Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#History_of_NPOV" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOR">No original research</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">Verifiability</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih112-35">[35]</a> He embraced Wikipedia's encouragement of boldness among its editors, telling users to "not worry about messing up".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih113-36">[36]</a> Sanger created the concept of "Brilliant prose", which evolved into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">featured articles</a> as a way to showcase Wikipedia's highest-quality articles.<a href="#cite_note-Wikipedia-l-37">[37]</a> Sanger soon grew disillusioned with Wikipedia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih170-38">[38]</a> saying by mid-2001 its community was being "overrun" by "trolls" and "<a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchist</a>-types", who were "opposed to the idea that anyone should have any kind of authority that others do not".<a href="#cite_note-Richard_Waters-39">[39]</a> While such issues were not important to Sanger when Wikipedia was a source of articles for Nupedia, as it grew into an independent project he started to become more concerned about the community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih171-40">[40]</a> Sanger came into conflict with Wikipedia editors who did not appreciate his modes of organization and exercising authority, including The Cunctator, another active early editor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih171-40">[40]</a> Sanger responded to these conflicts by proposing a stronger emphasis on expert editors and giving certain contributors the authority to resolve disputes and enforce rules.<a href="#cite_note-Richard_Waters-39">[39]</a> He also asked to be given more respect and deference by Wikipedians, which backfired and led to an increase in friction between him and the community.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih172-41">[41]</a> Sanger was the only editorial employee of Wikipedia.<a href="#cite_note-Sidener-42">[42]</a> In early 2002, Bomis announced the possibility of placing advertisements on Wikipedia, in part to pay for Sanger's employment,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih137-43">[43]</a> but the project was opposed to any commercialization and the market for Internet advertising was small.<a href="#cite_note-memoir2-44">[44]</a> Sanger was laid off in February 2002<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih136-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Duval-46">[46]</a> after Bomis lost a grant in the <a href="/wiki/Dot_com_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Dot com crash">Dot-com crash</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a> and he resigned as editor-in-chief of Nupedia and chief organizer of Wikipedia on March 1.<a href="#cite_note-my_resignation-47">[47]</a> Sanger said he ended his participation in Wikipedia and Nupedia as a volunteer because he could not do justice to the tasks as a part-timer,<a href="#cite_note-my_resignation-47">[47]</a> he was frustrated by sustained arguments,<a href="#cite_note-Richard_Waters-39">[39]</a> and while he cared about the project, it was "not something [he] would have chosen as a hobby" and he would rather spend time with family, "reading and writing philosophy, and playing fiddle."<a href="#cite_note-my_resignation-47">[47]</a> In a post to the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">Wikipedia community</a>, Sanger said that his departure from Nupedia might not be permanent if funds were found for it again in the future.<a href="#cite_note-my_resignation-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Sanger attempted to revive Nupedia throughout 2002 as its activity petered out.<a href="#cite_note-memoir2-44">[44]</a> He tried to find an organization that would take control of it because it appeared Bomis and Wales seemed uninterested in managing it. Sanger also inquired about purchasing the domain and other proprietary materials from Bomis.<a href="#cite_note-memoir2-44">[44]</a> He said Nupedia's demise was not entirely due to the inherent inefficiencies in its review process.<a href="#cite_note-memoir2-44">[44]</a> The Nupedia server crashed in September 2003 and the site was never relaunched.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReagle6-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_as_Wikipedia_co-founder">Status as Wikipedia co-founder</h3></div> Sanger's role in co-founding or organizing Wikipedia was periodically the subject of discussions within the community.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> It was also the subject of edits by Wales to Wikipedia articles in 2005, after which Sanger accused Wales of "rewriting history" by disregarding his involvement; Wales told <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a> he only clarified details about Sanger's contribution to the project and removed factual errors, adding that he should not have done so.<a href="#cite_note-Dan_Mitchell-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Evan_Hansen-53">[53]</a> Wales later stated he had initially heard of the wiki concept from Bomis employee Jeremy Rosenfeld rather than Sanger.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih45-33">[33]</a> On his personal website, Sanger posted several links that appear to support his role as a co-founder.<a href="#cite_note-Bergstein-54">[54]</a> As early as January 17, 2001, Sanger was cited as "Instigator of Nupedia's wiki" by active volunteer and chief copyeditor Ruth Ifcher,<a href="#cite_note-RoseParks-55">[55]</a> and he was identified as a co-founder of Wikipedia in September 2001.<a href="#cite_note-Links-56">[56]</a> Sanger has said he organized Wikipedia while Wales was mostly focused on Bomis.com.<a href="#cite_note-Wired_News-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-memoir1-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_of_Wikipedia">Criticism of Wikipedia</h2></div> Since his departure in 2002, Sanger has been <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia" title="Criticism of Wikipedia">critical of Wikipedia</a>, its policies and administrators, and the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Australian_IT-59">[59]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)#Website" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a> referred to Sanger as "Wikipedia's Most Outspoken Critic".<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accuracy,_credibility_and_expertise">Accuracy, credibility and expertise</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reliability_of_Wikipedia" title="Reliability of Wikipedia">Reliability of Wikipedia</a></div> In December 2004, writing for the <a href="/wiki/Kuro5hin" title="Kuro5hin">Kuro5hin</a> website, Sanger commented that Wikipedia is not considered credible by librarians, teachers, and academics because it lacks a formal review process and that the presence of trolls and "difficult people" discourages accredited specialists and people who are knowledgeable from contributing to Wikipedia. He also argued that Wikipedia's "root problem" is a "lack of respect for expertise".<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_H_Pink-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jettison-61">[61]</a> In April 2007, Sanger stated Wikipedia was "still quite useful and an amazing phenomenon" but he had "come to the view that it is also broken beyond repair" with a range of problems "from serious management problems, to an often dysfunctional community, to frequently unreliable content, and to a whole series of scandals".<a href="#cite_note-Iain_Thomson-6">[6]</a> In September 2009, Sanger said from early on the activities of trolls on the website "was a real problem, and Jimmy Wales absolutely refused to do anything about it". Sanger described Wales as a being a "fraud" and "liar" over the issue of who created Wikipedia. Wales responded to a query about the feud between the two men, stating: "I think very highly of Larry Sanger, and think that it is unfortunate that this silly debate has tended to overshadow his work."<a href="#cite_note-Nicole_Ferraro-62">[62]</a> In a November 2015 interview with Zachary Schwartz for Vice, Sanger expanded on his experiences with trolls on Wikipedia during the site's initial growth: "It was kind of stressful. I think it stressed out my wife more than me. The idea that there were people who were abusing me online just bothered her greatly." Sanger equated the trolls with modern-day <a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">social justice warriors</a> (SJWs).<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> When asked by Schwartz what he would do differently if he started over with Wikipedia, Sanger said: "One thing that I would have done, could have done, and should have done right away would be to create a process whereby articles were approved by experts."<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> When asked what his thoughts were on Wikipedia in 2015, Sanger said: "I guess I'm moderately proud. I always sort of felt like we just got lucky with the right idea at the right time."<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> In a November 2016 interview with Alexandre Gilbert for <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>, Sanger said that Wikipedia has "a problem with fairness and sound governance".<a href="#cite_note-Gilbert_2016-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neutrality_and_ideological_bias">Neutrality and ideological bias</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ideological_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Ideological bias on Wikipedia">Ideological bias on Wikipedia</a></div> In a July 2010 interview with Kathryn Schulz from <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>, Sanger said: "If you're talking about political biases, I actually think that that's one of Wikipedia's least-worst problems. It's really not as bad as the people at, say, <a href="/wiki/Conservapedia" title="Conservapedia">Conservapedia</a> seem to think. I do think that there is a liberal bias on most topics where such a bias is possible." Those individuals, according to Sanger, "who work the most on Wikipedia tend to be really comfortable with the most radically <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarian</a> views. And those people tend to be either liberals or libertarians." Sanger also argued that "I think the kind of biases that are in some ways more interesting and more pervasive have to do with individual biases not on political issues but on a host of very specific academic issues. An article can reflect the bias of a few people who just happen to be most motivated to work on it. This is a general problem with Wikipedia".<a href="#cite_note-Schulz_2010-26">[26]</a> In March 2014, Sanger stated that "In some fields and some topics, there are groups who 'squat' on articles and insist on making them reflect their own specific biases. There is no credible mechanism to approve versions of articles."<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In December 2015, Sanger said that "Wikipedia itself might be thought to be committed to such a completely international neutrality, and in places, its policies have seemed to hold it to that utopian ambition. But of course it cannot be and it is not. The <a href="/wiki/English_Wikipedia" title="English Wikipedia">English Wikipedia</a>'s articles about <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> most clearly betray its Western and especially Anglo-American provenance, and articles about, for example, philosophy are mostly about <a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a>. I see nothing really wrong with that." Sanger also said that "My teenage ire at shamefully biased writers and editors found expression in Nupedia's neutrality policy, which in turn became Wikipedia's", calling himself "a zealot for neutrality".<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In December 2017, Sanger called Wikipedia's article on <a href="/wiki/Intelligent_design" title="Intelligent design">intelligent design</a> "appallingly biased".<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In a May 2019 interview with Sophie Foggin of 150Sec, regarding the website's neutrality, Sanger said: "Wikipedia has long since decided to turn the other cheek when influential editors make articles speak with one point of view, when they dismiss unpopular views, or when they utterly fail to do justice to alternative approaches to a topic." Sanger also stated that Wikipedia "never did come up with a good solution" for "how to rein in the bad actors so that they did not ruin the project for everyone else" and that "Wikipedia is a broken system as a result".<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In a blog post in May 2020, Sanger described Wikipedia as "badly biased" and as favoring left-wing and liberal politics. In his opinion, portions of the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> Wikipedia article are "unrelentingly negative", while the <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> article "completely fails to mention many well-known scandals". He listed other topics he argued are presented with a liberal and left-wing bias, including the topics on <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_legalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug legalization">drug legalization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_adoption" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT adoption">LGBT adoption</a>. In particular, Sanger said that Wikipedia, in describing many of Trump's statements as "false", established the website's biases. Sanger commented in the blog post: "It is time for Wikipedia to come clean and admit that it has abandoned NPOV (i.e., neutrality as a policy)." Regarding Wikipedia's current neutrality policy, Sanger said that "it endorses the utterly bankrupt canard of journalistic '<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">false balance</a>', which is directly contradictory to the original neutrality policy. As a result, even as journalists turn to opinion and activism, Wikipedia now touts controversial points of view on politics, religion, and science".<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> In a February 2021 interview with <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>, Sanger stated that Wikipedia's "ideological and religious bias is real and troubling, particularly in a resource that continues to be treated by many as an unbiased reference work".<a href="#cite_note-FoxLott-69">[69]</a> In a February 2021 interview with <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Sheffield" title="Carrie Sheffield">Carrie Sheffield</a> on <a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a>, Sanger criticized Wikipedia's coverage of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, saying that "when schoolkids go, and they look up answers to questions about the meaning of 'socialism' ... they're going to find an explanation that completely ignores any conservative, libertarian, or critical treatment of the subject", "And that's really problematic. That's not education. That's propaganda." He claimed that Wikipedia was originally "committed to neutrality" until "about 10 years ago" when "liberals or leftists made their march through the institutions ... and basically took [Wikipedia] over", adding that "They started getting rid of citations from conservative sources, even conservative sources that were cited in order to explain the conservative point of view. At least in some cases, that was the case, and more and more, certain points of view were castigated and labeled". When asked about Wikipedia's reaction to his criticism, Sanger said that "They ignore me" and that "They don't care what I say, and the feeling is mutual."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In a July 2021 interview with Freddie Sayers of <a href="/wiki/UnHerd" title="UnHerd">LockdownTV</a>, Sanger claimed that Wikipedia is not trustworthy and that its contributors have a left-leaning bias.<a href="#cite_note-Tel20210716-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sayers_2021-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aggarwal_2021-71">[71]</a> According to Sanger, Wikipedia's coverage of U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> contained "very little by way of the concerns that Republicans have had about him" or the <a href="/wiki/Biden%E2%80%93Ukraine_conspiracy_theory" title="Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory">Ukraine allegations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tel20210716-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aggarwal_2021-71">[71]</a> He further adds that since Wikipedia encourages the use of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sources">secondary sources</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sources">primary sources</a>, Wikipedia's content is heavily influenced by coverage from center-left-wing media outlets, saying that "You can't cite the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a> at all. You can't cite <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> on socio-political issues either. It's banned. So what does that mean? It means that if a controversy does not appear in the mainstream center-Left media, then it's not going to appear on Wikipedia."<a href="#cite_note-Sayers_2021-8">[8]</a> Despite having a neutrality policy, he says that the viewpoint of Wikipedia articles represent the consensus viewpoints and that users are prohibited from adding counter-arguments to established views, which would help create more neutral articles.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> He claimed that Wikipedia can give a "reliably establishment point of view on pretty much everything" and that "if only one version of the facts is allowed then that gives a huge incentive to wealthy and powerful people to seize control of things like Wikipedia in order to shore up their power. And they do that."<a href="#cite_note-Aggarwal_2021-71">[71]</a> In a July 22, 2021, interview with <a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Tucker Carlson</a> on Fox News, Sanger said that Wikipedia allowing anonymous contributors had resulted in the website being taken over by criminal bodies, as well as by corporations and governments. Sanger also said that "I don't know that there is a way to fix Wikipedia within Wikipedia. It's an institutionally conservative place".<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> In an August 2021 interview with <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> of London, Sanger objected to Wikipedia's description of <a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">alternative medicines</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a>, as "<a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>". He believed such a definition lacked true neutrality. Sanger also claimed that "If you don't kowtow to the right people, you won't even be allowed to participate." Of Wikipedia as a whole, he said: "I advise against using it, even to conscientious students."<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a> Of Jimmy Wales' role in Wikipedia, Sanger said that: "[There was] this kind of <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">idealism</a> that Jimmy Wales had ... that if you just open up the encyclopaedia to anybody, then because people are generally good, they will do the right thing. I think perhaps he still has that view. But frankly, that really wasn't ever my view. I was always a bit worried about what might happen if ideologues took over as naturally they would want to if it was at all successful. I think that actually is what happened."<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a> According to The Sunday Times, Wikipedia denied accusations from Sanger of having a particular political bias, with a spokesperson for the encyclopedia saying that third-party studies have shown that its editors come from a variety of ideological viewpoints and that "As more people engage in the editing process on Wikipedia, the more neutral articles tend to become".<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a> In a March 2022 interview with <a href="/wiki/Fox_Nation" title="Fox Nation">Fox Nation</a>, Sanger once more said that Wikipedia had abandoned its neutrality policy and that "the kinds of people that are allowed to have any influence on Wikipedia have been narrowed down greatly to essentially people who agree with the establishment left." In his opinion: "The left, frankly, is relentless when it comes to stating their point of view and using the organs of mass media—and Wikipedia is part of their mass media I think—to shape the world". Sanger also claimed that Wikipedia originally had a strong commitment to neutrality, saying: "We promulgated a policy, the neutrality policy. And it was very clear in the beginning. And I think I really hammered it a lot. In the two years that I was with the organization, I really drove that neutrality policy. And I articulated a defense."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pornographic_content">Pornographic content</h3></div> In April 2010, Sanger sent a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) about his concern that <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> was hosting <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a> and later clarified the object of his concern was "<a href="/wiki/Obscenity" title="Obscenity">obscene</a> visual representations of the abuse of children" and not photographs.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Sanger said he felt it was his "civic duty" to report the images.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Critics accused Sanger of having an ulterior motive for reporting the images, noting he was still in charge of the faltering Citizendium project and said that publicizing the accusations was unnecessary.<a href="#cite_note-Masnick-78">[78]</a> In 2012, Sanger told <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> that he worked with NetSpark to get them to donate or heavily discount its pornographic image <a href="/wiki/Internet_filter" title="Internet filter">filtering technology</a> for use on Wikipedia. He claimed that NetSpark attempted to contact the <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> in 2012 but received no response.<a href="#cite_note-Chiaramonte-79">[79]</a> In a subsequent interview with <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch TV</a>, Sanger criticized Wikipedia for containing too much <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a> that children could access and said that he did not regret leaving Wikipedia.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_activities">Later activities</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizendium">Citizendium</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Citizendium" title="Citizendium">Citizendium</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citizendium_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A screenshot of a webpage with a layout similar to Wikipedia's, but with a bright green banner imploring donations in the central bottom left." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Citizendium_2018.png/220px-Citizendium_2018.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Citizendium_2018.png/330px-Citizendium_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Citizendium_2018.png/440px-Citizendium_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="1903" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption>A screenshot of Citizendium's homepage in 2018</figcaption></figure> At the <a href="/wiki/Wizards_of_OS" title="Wizards of OS">Wizards of OS</a> conference in September 2006, Sanger announced the launch of a new wiki-based encyclopedia called <a href="/wiki/Citizendium" title="Citizendium">Citizendium</a>—short for "citizens' <a href="/wiki/Compendium" title="Compendium">compendium</a>"—as a <a href="/wiki/Fork_(software_development)" title="Fork (software development)">fork</a> of Wikipedia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih211-81">[81]</a> The objective of the fork was to address perceived flaws in the way Wikipedia functions; anonymous editing was disallowed, all users were required to use their <a href="/wiki/Legal_name" title="Legal name">real names</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih190-82">[82]</a> and there was a layer of experts who had extra authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih211-81">[81]</a> It was an attempt by Sanger to establish a credible online encyclopedia based on scholarship,<a href="#cite_note-Nate_Anderson-83">[83]</a> aiming to bring more accountability and academic rigor to articles.<a href="#cite_note-Jennifer_LeClaire-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Neha_Tiwari-85">[85]</a> The site attempted to implement an expert review process and experts tried to reach a decision in disputes that could not be resolved by consensus.<a href="#cite_note-Jason_Z_Cohen-86">[86]</a> Sanger predicted a rapid increase in Citizendium's traffic at its first anniversary in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Anderson-87">[87]</a> After a burst of initial work, however, the site went into decline and most of the experts were not retained.<a href="#cite_note-Timothy_Lee-88">[88]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a> reporter Timothy B. Lee said Citizendium was "dead in the water".<a href="#cite_note-Timothy_Lee-88">[88]</a> Lee noted that Citizendium's late start was a disadvantage and that its growth was hindered by an "unwieldy editing model".<a href="#cite_note-Timothy_Lee-88">[88]</a> In 2014, the number of Citizendium contributors was under 100 and the number of edits per day was about "a dozen or so" according to <a href="/wiki/Winthrop_University" title="Winthrop University">Winthrop University</a>'s Dean of Library Services.<a href="#cite_note-Herring-89">[89]</a> By August 2016, Citizendium had about 17,000 articles, 160 of which had undergone expert review.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Sanger, who in early 2007 announced he did not intend to head Citizendium indefinitely,<a href="#cite_note-Nate_Anderson-83">[83]</a> effectively ceased to edit it in early 2009, although an announcement confirming this was not made until July 30, 2009, on the Citizendium-l <a href="/wiki/Mailing_list" title="Mailing list">mailing list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Absence-91">[91]</a> He stepped down as <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a> of Citizendium on September 22, 2010, but said he would continue to support the project.<a href="#cite_note-CZ_Charter_Ratified-92">[92]</a> On July 2, 2020, Sanger wrote that he had transferred legal ownership of the Citizendium domain name to Pat Palmer, saying that Citizendium had "stopped being 'my' project a long time ago. But until this morning, I still owned the domain name."<a href="#cite_note-Transfer-93">[93]</a> Sanger refused to recognize <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">women's studies</a> as a top-level category on Citizendium, calling it too "<a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">politically correct</a>". Sanger later said that "it wasn't about women's studies in particular", but about "too much overlap with existing groups".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_projects">Other projects</h3></div> Larry Sanger has been involved with several other <a href="/wiki/Online_encyclopedia" title="Online encyclopedia">online encyclopedia</a> projects.<a href="#cite_note-Sidener-42">[42]</a> In 2005, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Universe" title="Digital Universe">Digital Universe Foundation</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih210-95">[95]</a> as Director of Distributed Content Programs.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel_Terdiman-96">[96]</a> He was a key organizer of the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Universe_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Universe Encyclopedia">Digital Universe Encyclopedia</a> web project that was launched in early 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Digital_Universe-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Contributor:_Sanger-98">[98]</a> The Digital Universe encyclopedia recruited recognized experts to write articles and to check user-submitted articles for accuracy.<a href="#cite_note-Terdiman-99">[99]</a> The first part of the project was the expert-written and -edited <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Earth" title="Encyclopedia of Earth">Encyclopedia of Earth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Terdiman-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Earth-100">[100]</a> Sanger later felt the pace of content production at the Foundation was too slow for him; he proposed open content to help speed development but the proposal was rejected.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih211-81">[81]</a> Sanger has worked at the <a href="/wiki/WatchKnowLearn" class="mw-redirect" title="WatchKnowLearn">WatchKnowLearn</a> project, a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit organization</a> that focuses on educating young children using videos and other media on the web.<a href="#cite_note-Paul_Sawers-101">[101]</a> It is funded by grants, philanthropists, and the Community Foundation of Northwest Mississippi.<a href="#cite_note-Owen_Lei-102">[102]</a> Sanger headed the development of WatchKnowLearn from 2008 to 2010.<a href="#cite_note-EPIC_2020-103">[103]</a> It consists of a repository of educational videos for kindergarten to the 12th grade.<a href="#cite_note-Tomaszewski-104">[104]</a> In February 2013, it ranked as the top search result among educational videos on <a href="/wiki/Google_Search" title="Google Search">Google's search engine</a> and attracted over six million <a href="/wiki/Pageview" title="Pageview">page views</a> each month.<a href="#cite_note-Long-105">[105]</a> In 2010 and 2011, he continued developing a web-based reading-tutorial application for beginning readers, which was launched as Reading Bear in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Sawers-106">[106]</a> It uses the principles of <a href="/wiki/Phonics" title="Phonics">phonics</a> and multimedia presentations such as videos, PowerPoint presentations, and ebooks to teach pronunciation to children.<a href="#cite_note-Sawers-106">[106]</a> It also aims to teach the meaning and context of each word.<a href="#cite_note-Sawers-106">[106]</a> In February 2013, Sanger announced a project; a crowdsourced news portal called Infobitt; saying on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, "My new project will show the world how to crowdsource high-quality content—a problem I've long wanted to solve. Not a wiki."<a href="#cite_note-Kevin_Morris_2013-107">[107]</a> The site, which aimed to be a crowdsourced <a href="/wiki/News_aggregator" title="News aggregator">news aggregator</a>, went online in December 2014<a href="#cite_note-Walker2014-108">[108]</a> but ran out of money in July 2015.<a href="#cite_note-Infobitt2015-109">[109]</a> In December 2017, it was announced that Sanger had become the <a href="/wiki/Chief_information_officer" title="Chief information officer">chief information officer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Everipedia" title="Everipedia">Everipedia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Patterson2017-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brown-2017-111">[111]</a> an open encyclopedia that uses <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> technology.<a href="#cite_note-Sanger2017-112">[112]</a> That month, Sanger told <a href="/wiki/Inverse_(website)" title="Inverse (website)">Inverse</a> that Everipedia is "going to change the world in a dramatic way, more than Wikipedia did".<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> That same month, Sanger told <a href="/wiki/TechRepublic" title="TechRepublic">TechRepublic</a> that "Everipedia is the encyclopedia of everything, where topics are unrestricted, unlike on Wikipedia."<a href="#cite_note-Brown2017-114">[114]</a> On July 1, 2019, Sanger advocated for a social-media strike to take place on July 4 and 5 to demand the <a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">decentralization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> platforms to their user bases from their top-level management so their users can assert control over their <a href="/wiki/Data_privacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Data privacy">data and privacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> On October 18, 2019, Sanger announced that he had resigned from his position at Everipedia and returned his stock holdings in the company without compensation to establish the Knowledge Standards Foundation and develop the website encyclosphere.org.<a href="#cite_note-Everipedia_resignation-117">[117]</a> He said of the venture, "We need to do for encyclopedias what blogging standards did for blogs: there needs to be an 'Encyclosphere'. We should build a totally decentralized network, like the <a href="/wiki/Blogosphere" title="Blogosphere">Blogosphere</a>—or like <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchains</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> itself."<a href="#cite_note-Everipedia_resignation-117">[117]</a> The Knowledge Standards Foundation was founded in September 2019 by Sanger and others.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In 2020, Sanger was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/Advisory_board" title="Advisory board">advisory board</a> of <a href="/wiki/Blockchain" title="Blockchain">blockchain</a> company <a href="/wiki/Phunware" title="Phunware">Phunware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2></div> Larry Sanger has a <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">doctorate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_University" title="Ohio State University">Ohio State University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Glyn_Moody-19">[19]</a> His professional interests are <a href="/wiki/Epistemology" title="Epistemology">epistemology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_philosophy" title="Early modern philosophy">early modern philosophy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Alan_Boraas-16">[16]</a> Most of Sanger's philosophical work focuses on epistemology.<a href="#cite_note-Wade_Roush-15">[15]</a> In 2008, he visited <a href="/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford" title="Balliol College, Oxford">Balliol College</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> to <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debate</a> the proposal "the Internet is the future of knowledge", arguing <a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">wikis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blogs</a> are changing the way knowledge is created and distributed.<a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Keen-120">[120]</a> Sanger has frequently written and spoken about collaborative content.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Sanger has argued that <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">left-leaning</a> views dominate in <a href="/wiki/Academic_bias" title="Academic bias">academia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_science" title="Criticism of science">science</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">media</a> and tech companies such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a> In January 2002, Sanger returned to <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> to teach philosophy at Ohio State University.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih210-95">[95]</a> In December 2010, Sanger said he considered <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> to be "enemies of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a>—not just the government, but the people".<a href="#cite_note-The_Wall_Street_Journal-122">[122]</a> In September 2021, in response to U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> announcing a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_mandates_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccine mandates in the United States">COVID-19 vaccine mandate</a>, Sanger tweeted "Nor I.#IWillNotComply" in agreement with political commentator <a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Tim Pool</a>. In an earlier tweet, Sanger falsely claimed that <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccines</a> are "not a <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccine</a>".<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In March 2022, Sanger said that "<a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a> is a necessary but not sufficient condition of <a href="/wiki/Internet_freedom" title="Internet freedom">internet freedom</a>", arguing that both <a href="/wiki/Federation_(information_technology)" title="Federation (information technology)">federated</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> decentralized networks "can still be captured and controlled in various ways and rendered un-free".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2></div> In February 2000, when Sanger was hired by Wales to develop Nupedia, he moved to <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReagle35-125">[125]</a> He was married in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> in December 2001.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson74-126">[126]</a> In 2005, he and his wife moved to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_California" title="Santa Cruz, California">Santa Cruz, California</a>, to work for <a href="/wiki/Digital_Universe" title="Digital Universe">Digital Universe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih210–211-127">[127]</a> As of 2015, Sanger lives in the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Schwartz2015-17">[17]</a> As of 2021, he lives with his wife and two sons, who are both <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooled</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Encyclosphere-10">[10]</a> Sanger was raised as a <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> and went to a <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a>, but became an <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a> when he was 16 after his family stopped regularly going to <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Spence_2021-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gilbert_2016-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In 2023, Sanger described himself as a Christian.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Ethnically, he described himself in 2016 as "a typical American cross-breed (lots of <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>)".<a href="#cite_note-Gilbert_2016-63">[63]</a> Sanger supports the concept of "baby reading".<a href="#cite_note-Carey2013-130">[130]</a> He started teaching his son to read before his second birthday and posted videos online to demonstrate this.<a href="#cite_note-Carey2013-130">[130]</a> He is fond of <a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish traditional music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELih210-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_writings">Selected writings</h2></div> <dl><dt>Academic work</dt></dl> <ul><li>Epistemic Circularity: An Essay on the Problem of Meta-Justification – doctoral thesis.</li> <li>Descartes's methods and their theoretical background – bachelor thesis.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Essays</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Why_Neutrality">Why Neutrality?</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ballotpedia" title="Ballotpedia">Ballotpedia</a>, December 2015.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://larrysanger.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/How-and-Why-I-Taught-My-Toddler-to-Read.pdf">How and Why I Taught My Toddler to Read</a> (PDF). LarrySanger.org, December 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120607220348/http://www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Review/EDUCAUSEReviewMagazineVolume45/IndividualKnowledgeintheIntern/202336">Individual Knowledge in the Internet Age</a>. Educause Review, April 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130102112005/http://www.eupjournals.com/doi/pdf/10.3366/E1742360008000543">The Fate of Expertise after Wikipedia</a> (PDF). Episteme – Edinburgh University Press, February 2009.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121222100719/http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/sanger07/sanger07_index.html">Who Says We Know: On The New Politics of Knowledge</a>. Edge Foundation – Edge Reality Club, April 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edge.org/q2007/q07_14.html#sanger">Humanity's Coming Enlightenment</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090626082438/http://edge.org/q2007/q07_14.html">Archived</a>) Edge Foundation – World Question Center, 2007.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Presentations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://larrysanger.org/scholar_pub.html">What Strong Collaboration Means for Scholarly Publishing</a>. Keynote at the Annual Meeting of Society for Scholarly Publishing, San Francisco, CA, June 7, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017053843/http://citizendium.org/collab_prof.html">How to Think about Strong Collaboration among Professionals</a>. Keynote at the Handelsblatt IT Congress, Bonn, Germany, January 30, 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018072925/http://citizendium.org/roomforexperts.html">Why Make Room for Experts in Web 2.0?</a>. Opening keynote at the SVForum, The Business of New Media, Santa Clara, CA, October 25, 2006.</li></ul> Books <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://larrysanger.org/2020/09/new-book-essays-on-free-knowledge/">Essays on Free Knowledge: The Origins of Wikipedia and the New Politics of Knowledge</a>. September 8, 2020</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_people" title="List of Wikipedia people">List of Wikipedia people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTaY3mg06sU">Western History for Kids, Part 1 – ancient and medieval – Sanger Academy</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, video taken from Sanger's official educational YouTube channel, pronunciation confirmed around 0:10, accessed May 7, 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-Knowledge_2019-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Knowledge_2019_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knowledge_2019_2-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclosphere.org/larry">"About Dr. Larry Sanger"</a>. Knowledge Standards Foundation. September 24, 2019. Retrieved July 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Knowledge+Standards+Foundation&rft.atitle=About+Dr.+Larry+Sanger&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyclosphere.org%2Flarry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lexfridman.com/jimmy-wales-transcript/#chapter13_larry_sanger">"Transcript for Jimmy Wales: Wikipedia | Lex Fridman Podcast #385"</a>. lexfridman.com. June 19, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014181329/https://lexfridman.com/jimmy-wales-transcript/#chapter13_larry_sanger">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lexfridman.com&rft.atitle=Transcript+for+Jimmy+Wales%3A+Wikipedia+%7C+Lex+Fridman+Podcast+%23385&rft.date=2023-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flexfridman.com%2Fjimmy-wales-transcript%2F%23chapter13_larry_sanger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYam2013" class="citation journal cs1">Yam, Shing-Ching Jonathan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://universitypublications.net/ijas/0601/pdf/SPQ603.pdf">"Decommercialization and anti-elitism: early years of Wikipedia 2001-2002"</a> (PDF). International Journal of Arts & Sciences. 6 (1) – via universitypublications.net. <q>The Wales/Sanger split refers to the departure of co-founder Larry Sanger in 2002 (The Australian 2006).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Decommercialization+and+anti-elitism%3A+early+years+of+Wikipedia+2001-2002&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Yam&rft.aufirst=Shing-Ching+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funiversitypublications.net%2Fijas%2F0601%2Fpdf%2FSPQ603.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJankowski2023" class="citation journal cs1">Jankowski, Steve (August 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F24701475.2023.2246261">"The Wikipedia imaginaire: a new media history beyond Wikipedia.org (2001–2022)"</a>. 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Retrieved March 31, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MindMatters.ai&rft.atitle=Could+Decentralization+Fix+Twitter%27s+Censorship+Problems%3F&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft.aulast=Bassett&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmindmatters.ai%2F2022%2F03%2Fcould-decentralization-fix-twitters-censorship-problems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReagle35-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReagle35_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReagle">Reagle</a>, p. 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson74-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson74_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAnderson">Anderson</a>, p. 74 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELih210–211-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELih210–211_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLih">Lih</a>, pp. 210–211 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger2020" class="citation web cs1">Sanger, Larry (January 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://larrysanger.org/2020/01/why-i-have-not-been-a-christian-and-why-that-might-change/">"Why I Have Not Been a Christian, and Why That Might Change"</a>. Larry Sanger Blog. Larry Sanger. Retrieved February 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Larry+Sanger+Blog&rft.atitle=Why+I+Have+Not+Been+a+Christian%2C+and+Why+That+Might+Change&rft.date=2020-01-15&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flarrysanger.org%2F2020%2F01%2Fwhy-i-have-not-been-a-christian-and-why-that-might-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://larrysanger.org/2023/09/how-to-read-the-bible-all-the-way-through-for-the-first-time/#comments">"How to Read the Bible All the Way Through for the First Time – LarrySanger.org"</a>. September 24, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Read+the+Bible+All+the+Way+Through+for+the+First+Time+%E2%80%93+LarrySanger.org&rft.date=2023-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flarrysanger.org%2F2023%2F09%2Fhow-to-read-the-bible-all-the-way-through-for-the-first-time%2F%23comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carey2013-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carey2013_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carey2013_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2013" class="citation news cs1">Carey, Tanith (January 2, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/family/baby/can-you-teach-a-baby-to-read-1446782">"Can you teach a baby to read?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Independent_Online_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Online (South Africa)">Independent Online (South Africa)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013329/https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/family/baby/can-you-teach-a-baby-to-read-1446782">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Can+you+teach+a+baby+to+read%3F&rft.date=2013-01-02&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Tanith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Flifestyle%2Ffamily%2Fbaby%2Fcan-you-teach-a-baby-to-read-1446782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Jennifer Joline (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wikipediacompany0000ande">Wikipedia: The Company and Its Founders</a> (1 ed.). Abdo Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1617148125" title="Special:BookSources/978-1617148125"><bdi>978-1617148125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wikipedia%3A+The+Company+and+Its+Founders&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Abdo+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1617148125&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+Joline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwikipediacompany0000ande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLih" class="citation book cs1">Lih, Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wikipediarevolut00liha">The Wikipedia REVOLUTION: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hyperion</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0371-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4013-0371-6"><bdi>978-1-4013-0371-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wikipedia+REVOLUTION%3A+How+a+Bunch+of+Nobodies+Created+the+World%27s+Greatest+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hyperion&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4013-0371-6&rft.aulast=Lih&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwikipediarevolut00liha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReagle" class="citation book cs1">Reagle, Joseph Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/goodfaithcol_reag_2010_000_10578531">Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia</a> (1 ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-01447-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-01447-2"><bdi>978-0-262-01447-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Good+Faith+Collaboration%3A+The+Culture+of+Wikipedia&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-262-01447-2&rft.aulast=Reagle&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgoodfaithcol_reag_2010_000_10578531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALarry+Sanger" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia" title="Template:Wikipedia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia" title="Template talk:Wikipedia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Wikipedia" title="Outline of Wikipedia">Overview (outline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Biases <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gender_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Gender bias on Wikipedia">gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Geographical bias on Wikipedia">geographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Ideological bias on Wikipedia">ideological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_on_Wikipedia" title="Racial bias on Wikipedia">racial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_Wikipedia" title="Censorship of Wikipedia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conflict-of-interest_editing_on_Wikipedia" title="Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia">Conflict-of-interest editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_editing_incidents_on_Wikipedia" title="List of political editing incidents on Wikipedia">political editing incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia" title="Criticism of Wikipedia">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deletion_of_articles_on_Wikipedia" title="Deletion of articles on Wikipedia">Deletion of articles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deletionism_and_inclusionism_in_Wikipedia" title="Deletionism and inclusionism in Wikipedia">deletionism and inclusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notability_in_the_English_Wikipedia" title="Notability in the English Wikipedia">notability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputes_on_Wikipedia" title="Disputes on Wikipedia">Disputes</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ignore_all_rules" title="Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagiarism_from_Wikipedia" title="Plagiarism from Wikipedia">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predictions_of_the_end_of_Wikipedia" title="Predictions of the end of Wikipedia">Predictions of the project's end</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliability_of_Wikipedia" title="Reliability of Wikipedia">Reliability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_fact-checking" title="Wikipedia and fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_needed" title="Citation needed">Citation needed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandalism_on_Wikipedia" title="Vandalism on Wikipedia">Vandalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_community" title="Wikipedia community">Community (Wikipedians)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_administrators" title="Wikipedia administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AfroCrowd" title="AfroCrowd">AfroCrowd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_Committee_(Wikipedia)" title="Arbitration Committee (Wikipedia)">Arbitration Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art%2BFeminism" title="Art+Feminism">Art+Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lsjbot" title="Lsjbot">Lsjbot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edit_count" title="Edit count">Edit count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">List of Wikipedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Signpost" title="The Signpost">The Signpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedian_of_the_Year" title="Wikimedian of the Year">Wikimedian of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedian_in_residence" title="Wikipedian in residence">Wikipedian in residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiProject" title="WikiProject">WikiProject</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Red" title="Women in Red">Women in Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edit-a-thon" title="Edit-a-thon">Edit-a-thon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiConference_India" title="WikiConference India">WikiConference India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Indaba" title="Wiki Indaba">Wiki Indaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiConference_North_America" title="WikiConference North America">WikiConference North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimania" title="Wikimania">Wikimania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wiki Loves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Earth" title="Wiki Loves Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore" title="Wiki Loves Folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Monuments" title="Wiki Loves Monuments">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Pride" title="Wiki Loves Pride">Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_Science_Competition" title="Wiki Science Competition">Science</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_people" title="List of Wikipedia people">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esra%27a_Al_Shafei" title="Esra'a Al Shafei">Esra'a Al Shafei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Devouard" title="Florence Devouard">Florence Devouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Gardner" title="Sue Gardner">Sue Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gerard_(author)" title="David Gerard (author)">David Gerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Heilman" title="James Heilman">James Heilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryana_Iskander" title="Maryana Iskander">Maryana Iskander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariusz_Jemielniak" title="Dariusz Jemielniak">Dariusz Jemielniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_MacKinnon" title="Rebecca MacKinnon">Rebecca MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Maher" title="Katherine Maher">Katherine Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Manske" title="Magnus Manske">Magnus Manske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Brad_Matetsky" title="Ira Brad Matetsky">Ira Brad Matetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_M%C3%B6ller" title="Erik Möller">Erik Möller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Moore_(Wikipedia_editor)" title="Jason Moore (Wikipedia editor)">Jason Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raju_Narisetti" title="Raju Narisetti">Raju Narisetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Pruitt" title="Steven Pruitt">Steven Pruitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Rauwerda" title="Annie Rauwerda">Annie Rauwerda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Larry Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Sefidari" title="María Sefidari">María Sefidari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Seitz-Gruwell" title="Lisa Seitz-Gruwell">Lisa Seitz-Gruwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight" title="Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight">Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Tretikov" title="Lila Tretikov">Lila Tretikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Wales" title="Jimmy Wales">Jimmy Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_White_(writer)" title="Molly White (writer)">Molly White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wikipedia" title="History of Wikipedia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bomis" title="Bomis">Bomis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nupedia" title="Nupedia">Nupedia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Wikipedia_edit" title="First Wikipedia edit">First edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_logo" title="Wikipedia logo">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Watch_Foundation_and_Wikipedia" title="Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia">Internet Watch Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scientology_editing_on_Wikipedia" title="Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_disaster_Wikipedia_posts" title="Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts">Hillsborough disaster Wikipedia posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualEditor" title="VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Lib1Ref" title="1Lib1Ref">#1Lib1Ref</a></li> <li>Wikimedia Foundation actions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Wikimedia_Foundation_actions_on_the_Chinese_Wikipedia" title="2021 Wikimedia Foundation actions on the Chinese Wikipedia">on the Chinese Wikipedia</a> <ul><li>2021</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Wikimedia_Foundation_actions_on_the_Arabic_and_Persian_Wikipedias" title="2022 Wikimedia Foundation actions on the Arabic and Persian Wikipedias">on the Arabic and Persian Wikipedias</a> <ul><li>2022</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_controversies" title="List of Wikipedia controversies">Controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_MacMasters_hoax" title="Alan MacMasters hoax">Alan MacMasters hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Bandeirense_Mirand%C3%B3polis_hoax" title="Carlos Bandeirense Mirandópolis hoax">Carlos Bandeirense Mirandópolis hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_edit_wars_on_Wikipedia" title="List of edit wars on Wikipedia">Edit wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essjay_controversy" title="Essjay controversy">Essjay controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Batuta_hoax" title="Henryk Batuta hoax">Henryk Batuta hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar%27Edo_Wens_hoax" title="Jar'Edo Wens hoax">Jar'Edo Wens hoax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Seigenthaler_biography_incident" title="Wikipedia Seigenthaler biography incident">Seigenthaler biography incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Star_Trek_Into_Darkness_debate" title="Wikipedia Star Trek Into Darkness debate">Star Trek Into Darkness debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_staff_edits_to_Wikipedia" title="United States congressional staff edits to Wikipedia">United States congressional staff edits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhemao_hoaxes" title="Zhemao hoaxes">Zhemao hoaxes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Coverage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_American_politics" title="Wikipedia coverage of American politics">American politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wikipedia coverage of Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_coverage_of_death" title="Wikipedia coverage of death">Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Wikipedia and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/274301_Wikipedia" title="274301 Wikipedia">274301 Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_angustifolia" title="Viola angustifolia">Viola angustifolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Monument" title="Wikipedia Monument">Wikipedia Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">References and analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_studies_about_Wikipedia" title="Academic studies about Wikipedia">Academic studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Wikipedia" title="Bibliography of Wikipedia">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_in_culture" title="Wikipedia in culture">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_Wikipedia" title="List of films about Wikipedia">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listen_to_Wikipedia" title="Listen to Wikipedia">Listen to Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipediocracy" title="Wikipediocracy">Wikipediocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mobile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedia_mobile_applications" title="List of Wikipedia mobile applications">Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QRpedia" title="QRpedia">QRpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wapedia" title="Wapedia">Wapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_Zero" title="Wikipedia Zero">Wikipedia Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiReader" title="WikiReader">WikiReader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiwand" title="Wikiwand">Wikiwand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Content use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DBpedia" title="DBpedia">DBpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depths_of_Wikipedia" title="Depths of Wikipedia">Depths of Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Google_and_Wikipedia" title="Relationship between Google and Wikipedia">Google and Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia" title="Health information on Wikipedia">Health information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiwix" title="Kiwix">Kiwix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_information_on_Wikipedia" title="Science information on Wikipedia">Science information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia-based_education" title="Wikipedia-based education">Wikipedia-based education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Iraq_War:_A_Historiography_of_Wikipedia_Changelogs" title="The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs">The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_and_Wikipedia" title="LGBTQ and Wikipedia">LGBTQ and Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta_(An_Embroidery)" title="Magna Carta (An Embroidery)">Magna Carta (An Embroidery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_imprisoned_for_editing_Wikipedia" title="List of people imprisoned for editing Wikipedia">People imprisoned for editing Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_Wikipedia" title="Print Wikipedia">Print Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki_rabbit_hole" title="Wiki rabbit hole">Wiki rabbit hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_movement" title="Wikimedia movement">Wikimedia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_for_World_Heritage" title="Wikipedia for World Heritage">Wikipedia for World Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_in_India" title="Wikipedia in India">Wikipedia in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikiracing" title="Wikiracing">Wikiracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_online_encyclopedias" title="List of online encyclopedias">List of online encyclopedias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wikis" title="List of wikis">List of wikis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias" title="List of Wikipedias">List</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia" title="Category:Wikipedia">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8163567372616380245">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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