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href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library%22">"Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Digital library and website</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Christian Classics Ethereal Library</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Calvin_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin College">Calvin College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data">Harry Plantinga</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/">www<wbr />.ccel<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">No (see text)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">1993<span class="noprint">; 31 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1993</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Christian Classics Ethereal Library</b> (<b>CCEL</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">digital library</a> that provides free electronic copies of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Scripture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripture">scripture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">texts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Classics_Ethereal_Library&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>CCEL is a volunteer-based project founded and directed by Harry Plantinga, a <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a> at <a href="/wiki/Calvin_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvin College">Calvin College</a>. It was initiated at <a href="/wiki/Wheaton_College_(Illinois)" title="Wheaton College (Illinois)">Wheaton College</a> in 1993<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is currently supported by Calvin University. It includes <a href="/wiki/Hymnary.org" title="Hymnary.org">Hymnary.org</a>. </p><p>The purpose of the CCEL is "To build up Christ's church by making available classic Christian books and promoting their use." The documents in the <a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">library</a> express a variety of theological views, sometimes conflicting with those of Calvin University.<sup id="cite_ref-CCELQ&A_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCELQ&A-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CCEL stores texts in <a href="/wiki/Theological_Markup_Language" title="Theological Markup Language">Theological Markup Language</a> (ThML) format and automatically converts them into other formats such as <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> or <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">Portable Document Format</a> (PDF).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although they use mainly <a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">Public Domain</a> texts, they claim <a href="/wiki/Copyright" title="Copyright">copyright</a> on all their <a href="/wiki/Formatted_text" title="Formatted text">formatting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users must log into their website to download all formatted versions of the text. </p><p>CCEL is funded by <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">online advertisements</a>, sales of <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROMs</a> (available from 1997 to 2019),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sales of some books not freely downloadable, and individual gifts. Calvin University has also provided them with space, network access, and significant financial support.<sup id="cite_ref-CCELQ&A_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCELQ&A-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2006, the library was recording about 200,000 page views per day and providing about 2 <a href="/wiki/Terabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Terabyte">TB</a> of information (equivalent to over a million books) in a month.<sup id="cite_ref-CCELQ&A_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCELQ&A-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2002 reviewer acknowledged that while the site is "intended to be a basic online theological library," it was actually much more valuable than that: it is "a treasure of primary sources for anyone teaching Western Civilization or more specialized courses in medieval or Reformation history." They also specifically noted that the ability to search the music "for specific note patterns" was valuable to musicologists.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2005, the primary users of the library fell into three main categories. These are university professors and their students using texts from the library as required reading without running up the students' bill for textbooks, people preparing sermons and Bible studies, and those reading for individual edification.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Classics_Ethereal_Library&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Sacred_Text_Archive" title="Internet Sacred Text Archive">Internet Sacred Text Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_library_projects" title="List of digital library projects">List of digital library projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Advent" title="New Advent">New Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Classics_Ethereal_Library&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0004026/">"Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA</i><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.+20540+USA&rft.atitle=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2FlcwaN0004026%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Classics+Ethereal+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccel.org/">"Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. April 29, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft.date=2005-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fccel.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Classics+Ethereal+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCELQ&A-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CCELQ&A_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCELQ&A_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CCELQ&A_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/info/faq">"CCEL Questions and Answers"</a>. Christian Classics Ethereal Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Christian Classics Ethereal Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CCEL+Story&rft.pub=Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft.date=1997-07&rft.aulast=Plantinga&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Finfo%2Fccel-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristian+Classics+Ethereal+Library" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2002" class="citation web cs1">Holt, Mack P. (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/35/whm.html">"Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>World History Sources</i>. 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