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aria-controls="toc-Categorization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Categorization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Categorization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Staffed_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staffed_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Staffed stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staffed_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-White_bikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#White_bikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>White bikes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_bikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coin_deposit_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coin_deposit_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Coin deposit stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coin_deposit_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Automated_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automated_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Automated stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automated_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dockless_bikes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dockless_bikes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Dockless bikes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dockless_bikes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Goals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Goals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Goals subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sustainable_alternative_for_short_trips" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sustainable_alternative_for_short_trips"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sustainable alternative for short trips</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sustainable_alternative_for_short_trips-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_mile_problem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_mile_problem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Last mile problem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Last_mile_problem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_public_transport_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_public_transport_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Partnership with public transport sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_public_transport_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_other_modes_of_public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_other_modes_of_public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Partnership with other modes of public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_other_modes_of_public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Medellin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medellin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Medellin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medellin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taipei_Metropolitan_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taipei_Metropolitan_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Taipei Metropolitan Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taipei_Metropolitan_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transfer_Discount_Offered_for_Commuters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transfer_Discount_Offered_for_Commuters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.1</span> <span>Transfer Discount Offered for Commuters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transfer_Discount_Offered_for_Commuters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transfer_Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transfer_Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2.2</span> <span>Transfer Behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transfer_Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seoul_Metropolitan_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Seoul Metropolitan Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seoul_Metropolitan_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transit_Mileage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transit_Mileage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3.1</span> <span>Transit Mileage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transit_Mileage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle_Driving_Ability_Certification_System_Fee_Benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle_Driving_Ability_Certification_System_Fee_Benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3.2</span> <span>Bicycle Driving Ability Certification System Fee Benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle_Driving_Ability_Certification_System_Fee_Benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-QR_Code_Lock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#QR_Code_Lock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3.3</span> <span>QR Code Lock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-QR_Code_Lock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sprout_Ddareungyi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sprout_Ddareungyi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3.4</span> <span>Sprout Ddareungyi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sprout_Ddareungyi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Hamburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_car_park_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_car_park_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Partnership with car park operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_car_park_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_car-share_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_car-share_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Partnership with car-share operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_car-share_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Financing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Financing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-User_fees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#User_fees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>User fees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-User_fees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volunteer_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volunteer_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Volunteer work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volunteer_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charity_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charity_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Charity sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charity_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertisement_revenue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertisement_revenue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Advertisement revenue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertisement_revenue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_subsidies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_subsidies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Government subsidies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_subsidies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harvesting_of_user-data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harvesting_of_user-data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Harvesting of user-data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harvesting_of_user-data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_patterns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_patterns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Usage patterns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage_patterns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_distribution_of_bike-sharing_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_distribution_of_bike-sharing_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Global distribution of bike-sharing systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_distribution_of_bike-sharing_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Economic impact</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economic_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economic impact subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positive_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Positive effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positive_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Less_traffic_congestion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Less_traffic_congestion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Less traffic congestion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Less_traffic_congestion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Less_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Less_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Less pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Less_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reduced_car_parking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reduced_car_parking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Reduced car parking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reduced_car_parking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negative_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negative_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Negative effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negative_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_clutter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_clutter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Urban clutter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_clutter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pecuniary_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pecuniary_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Pecuniary effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pecuniary_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internalization_of_externalities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internalization_of_externalities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Internalization of externalities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internalization_of_externalities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public-private_partnerships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public-private_partnerships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4.1</span> <span>Public-private partnerships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public-private_partnerships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dangers_of_over-supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dangers_of_over-supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Dangers of over-supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dangers_of_over-supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Health impacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bicycle-sharing system</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تقاسم ركوب الدراجات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقاسم ركوب الدراجات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong-ki%C5%8Dng_thih-b%C3%A9" title="Kong-kiōng thih-bé – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kong-kiōng thih-bé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%9E" title="Суарэнда равароў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Суарэнда равароў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servei_de_bicicletes_p%C3%BAbliques" title="Servei de bicicletes públiques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Servei de bicicletes públiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A9m_sd%C3%ADlen%C3%AD_kol" title="Systém sdílení kol – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Systém sdílení kol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bycykel" title="Bycykel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bycykel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrradverleihsystem" title="Fahrradverleihsystem – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fahrradverleihsystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BC%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B8%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Σύστημα αυτόματης μίσθωσης ποδηλάτων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύστημα αυτόματης μίσθωσης ποδηλάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_bicicletas_compartidas" title="Sistema de bicicletas compartidas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de bicicletas compartidas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruntbiciklo" title="Pruntbiciklo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pruntbiciklo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizikletak_mailegatzeko_zerbitzu_publiko" title="Bizikletak mailegatzeko zerbitzu publiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizikletak mailegatzeko zerbitzu publiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%86%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="سامانه دوچرخه اشتراکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامانه دوچرخه اشتراکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9los_en_libre-service" title="Vélos en libre-service – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vélos en libre-service" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%9C%A0_%EC%9E%90%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0" title="공유 자전거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공유 자전거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyewaan_sepeda" title="Penyewaan sepeda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyewaan sepeda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bike_sharing" title="Bike sharing – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bike sharing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A3_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שיתוף אופניים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיתוף אופניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velosip%C4%93du_koplieto%C5%A1anas_sist%C4%93ma" title="Velosipēdu koplietošanas sistēma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Velosipēdu koplietošanas sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bici_compartii" title="Bici compartii – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bici compartii" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ker%C3%A9kp%C3%A1rmegoszt%C3%B3_rendszer" title="Kerékpármegosztó rendszer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kerékpármegosztó rendszer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Систем за изнајмување велосипеди – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Систем за изнајмување велосипеди" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fietsdeelsysteem" title="Fietsdeelsysteem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fietsdeelsysteem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%BB%A2%E8%BB%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="自転車シェアリング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自転車シェアリング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykkeldeling" title="Sykkeldeling – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sykkeldeling" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysykkel" title="Bysykkel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bysykkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publiczny_system_wypo%C5%BCyczania_rower%C3%B3w" title="Publiczny system wypożyczania rowerów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Publiczny system wypożyczania rowerów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_bicicletas_p%C3%BAblicas" title="Sistema de bicicletas públicas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de bicicletas públicas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Система совместного использования велосипедов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Система совместного использования велосипедов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bicycle-sharing system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verejn%C3%BD_bicykel" title="Verejný bicykel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Verejný bicykel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souporaba_koles" title="Souporaba koles – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Souporaba koles" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaupunkipy%C3%B6r%C3%A4j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Kaupunkipyöräjärjestelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaupunkipyöräjärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5necykel" title="Lånecykel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lånecykel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மிதிவண்டி பகிர்வுத் திட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மிதிவண்டி பகிர்வுத் திட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Велосипедны уртак файдалану системасы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Велосипедны уртак файдалану системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisiklet_payla%C5%9F%C4%B1m_sistemi" title="Bisiklet paylaşım sistemi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bisiklet paylaşım sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Система спільного використання велосипедів – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система спільного використання велосипедів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_th%E1%BB%91ng_chia_s%E1%BA%BB_xe_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1p" title="Hệ thống chia sẻ xe đạp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ thống chia sẻ xe đạp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E5%96%AE%E8%BB%8A" title="共享單車 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="共享單車" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%84%9A%E8%B8%8F%E8%BD%A6" title="公共脚踏车 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="公共脚踏车" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about access to a bicycle fleet service. For access to an individual bicycle, see <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rental" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle rental">Bicycle rental</a>. For the sharing of an individual bicycle, see <a href="/wiki/Sociable" title="Sociable">Sociable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:00_2141_Bicycle-sharing_systems_-_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/00_2141_Bicycle-sharing_systems_-_Sweden.jpg/220px-00_2141_Bicycle-sharing_systems_-_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/00_2141_Bicycle-sharing_systems_-_Sweden.jpg/330px-00_2141_Bicycle-sharing_systems_-_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/00_2141_Bicycle-sharing_systems_-_Sweden.jpg/440px-00_2141_Bicycle-sharing_systems_-_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5250" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption>Docked bicycles in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>bicycle-sharing system</b>, <b>bike share program</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>public bicycle scheme</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>public bike share</b> (<b>PBS</b>) <b>scheme</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Shared_transport" title="Shared transport">shared transport</a> service where <a href="/wiki/Bicycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycles">bicycles</a> are available for shared use by individuals at low cost. </p><p>The programmes themselves include both docking and dockless systems, where docking systems allow users to rent a bike from a dock, i.e., a technology-enabled bicycle rack and return at another node or dock within the system – and dockless systems, which offer a node-free system relying on smart technology. In either format, systems may incorporate <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_mapping" title="Web mapping">web mapping</a> to locate available bikes and docks. In July 2020, <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> began including bike share systems in its route recommendations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With its antecedents in grassroots mid-1960s efforts; by 2022, approximately 3,000 cities worldwide offer bike-sharing systems,<sup id="cite_ref-ref5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e.g., <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecobici_(Mexico_City)" title="Ecobici (Mexico City)"> Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a>.</div> <p>The first bike sharing projects were initiated by various sources, such as local community organizations, charitable projects intended for the disadvantaged, as way to promote bicycles as a non-polluting form of transportation – and bike-lease businesses. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Openings_ceremonie_van_de_tentoonstelling_%27Omdat_mijn_fiets_daar_stond%27_op_de_Pr,_Bestanddeelnr_918-9360.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Openings_ceremonie_van_de_tentoonstelling_%27Omdat_mijn_fiets_daar_stond%27_op_de_Pr%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-9360.jpg/220px-Openings_ceremonie_van_de_tentoonstelling_%27Omdat_mijn_fiets_daar_stond%27_op_de_Pr%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-9360.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Openings_ceremonie_van_de_tentoonstelling_%27Omdat_mijn_fiets_daar_stond%27_op_de_Pr%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-9360.jpg/330px-Openings_ceremonie_van_de_tentoonstelling_%27Omdat_mijn_fiets_daar_stond%27_op_de_Pr%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-9360.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Openings_ceremonie_van_de_tentoonstelling_%27Omdat_mijn_fiets_daar_stond%27_op_de_Pr%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-9360.jpg/440px-Openings_ceremonie_van_de_tentoonstelling_%27Omdat_mijn_fiets_daar_stond%27_op_de_Pr%2C_Bestanddeelnr_918-9360.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption>White bicycle as an emblem of the <i>Wittefietsenplan</i> movement</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest well-known community bicycle program was started in the summer of 1965<sup id="cite_ref-Reader's_Digest_Deutschland_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reader's_Digest_Deutschland-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Luud_Schimmelpennink" title="Luud Schimmelpennink">Luud Schimmelpennink</a> in association with the group <a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reader's_Digest_Deutschland_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reader's_Digest_Deutschland-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMER_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMER-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the group <a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a> painted fifty bicycles white and placed them unlocked in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> for everyone to use freely.<sup id="cite_ref-Access2011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Access2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This so-called White Bicycle Plan (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Wittefietsenplan</i>) provided free bicycles that were supposed to be used for one trip and then left for someone else. Within a month, most of the bikes had been stolen and the rest were found in nearby canals.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program is still active in some parts of the Netherlands, e.g., at <a href="/wiki/Hoge_Veluwe_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoge Veluwe National Park">Hoge Veluwe National Park</a> where bikes may be used within the park. It originally existed as one in a series of <a href="/wiki/White_Plans" class="mw-redirect" title="White Plans">White Plans</a> proposed in the street magazine produced by the anarchist group PROVO. Years later, Schimmelpennink admitted that "the Sixties experiment never existed in the way people believe" and that "no more than about ten bikes" had been put out on the street "as a suggestion of the bigger idea." As the police had temporarily confiscated all of the <i>White Bicycles</i> within a day of their release to the public, the White Bicycle experiment had actually lasted less than one month.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Callenbach" title="Ernest Callenbach">Ernest Callenbach</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Ecotopia" title="Ecotopia">Ecotopia</a></i> (1975) illustrated the idea. In the utopian novel of a society that does not use <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a>, Callenbach described a bicycle sharing system which is available to inhabitants and is an integrated part of the public transportation system.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To prevent thefts, bike sharing programs gravitated to <a href="/wiki/Smart_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart cards">smart card control systems</a>.' One of the first 'smart bike' programs was the <i>Grippa™</i> bike storage rack system used in <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> (UK)'s <i>Bikeabout</i> system.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeM_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeM-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Bikeabout</i> scheme was launched in October 1995 by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">University of Portsmouth</a>, UK as part of its <i>Green Transport Plan</i> in an effort to cut car travel by staff and students between campus sites.<sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funded in part by the <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a>'s ENTRANCE<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> program, the <i>Bikeabout</i> scheme was a "smart card" fully automated system.<sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeM_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeM-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-REMCO_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REMCO-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a small fee, users were issued magnetic striped 'smart cards' readable at a covered 'bike store' kiosk, unlocking the bike from its storage rack. <sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Station-located <a href="/wiki/Closed-circuit_television" title="Closed-circuit television">CCTV cameras</a> limited vandalism.<sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On arrival at the destination station, the smart card unlocked cycle rack and recorded the bike's return,<sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> registering if the bike was returned with damage or if the rental time exceeded a three-hour maximum.<sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Implemented with an original budget of approximately £200,000, the Portsmouth <i>Bikeabout</i> scheme was never very successful in terms of rider usage,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in part due to the limited number of bike kiosks and hours of operation.<sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-REMCO_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-REMCO-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seasonal weather restrictions and concerns over unjustified charges for bike damage also imposed barriers to usage.<sup id="cite_ref-BLA_21-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLA-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Bikeabout</i> program was discontinued by the university in 1998 in favor of expanded <a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">minibus</a> service; the total costs of the <i>Bikeabout</i> program were never disclosed.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the first community bicycle projects in the United States was started in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> in 1994 by civic and environmental activists Tom O'Keefe, Joe Keating and Steve Gunther. It took the approach of simply releasing a number of bicycles to the streets for unrestricted use. While Portland's <i>Yellow Bike Project</i> was successful in terms of publicity, it proved unsustainable due to theft and vandalism of the bicycles. The <i>Yellow Bike Project</i> was eventually terminated, and replaced with the <i>Create A Commuter</i> (CAC) program, which provides free secondhand bicycles to certain preselected low-income and disadvantaged people who need a bicycle to get to work or attend job training courses.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, a system of 300 bicycles using coins to unlock the bicycles in the style of shopping carts was introduced in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was initiated by Morten Sadolin and Ole Wessung. The idea was developed by both Copenhageners after they were victims of bicycle theft one night in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copenhagen's <i>ByCylken</i> program was the first large-scale urban bike share program to feature specially designed bikes with parts that could not be used on other bikes. To obtain a bicycle, riders pay a refundable deposit at one of 100 special locking bike stands, and have unlimited use of the bike within a specified 'city bike zone.'<sup id="cite_ref-:3_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fine for not returning a bicycle or leaving the bike sharing zone exceeds US$150, and is strictly enforced by the Copenhagen police. Originally, the program's founders hoped to completely finance the program by selling advertising space on the bicycles, which was placed on the bike's frame and its solid disc-type wheels. This funding source quickly proved to be insufficient, and the city of Copenhagen took over the administration of the program, funding most of the program costs through appropriations from city revenues along with contributions from corporate donors. Since the City Bikes program is free to the user, there is no return on the capital invested by the municipality, and a considerable amount of public funds must constantly be re-invested to keep the system in service, to enforce regulations, and to replace missing bikes. </p><p>The modern wave of electronically locked bikes took off in France. In 1998 the city of Rennes France launched Velo a la cart using a magnetic card to release bicycles, which was operated by Clear Channel. Then the French advertising company, JCDecaux begain launching larger systems in Vienna (2003), Lyon (2005), and Paris (2007), among others. The Paris system captured the attention of the world and catalyzed steep growth in bikesharing systems around Europe, Asia, South America, and North America. In North America, the <a href="/wiki/BIXI_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="BIXI Montréal">BIXI</a> project (a portmanteau of the french "<b>bi</b>cyclette" and "ta<b>xi</b>" or "<b>by</b>cyle ta<b>xi</b>") launched by the <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">City of Montreal</a> in 2009. It garnered a sizable ridership and the city created the <a href="/wiki/Public_Bike_System_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Bike System Company">Public Bike System Company</a> to begin selling the underlying infrastructure to several other cities, including Washington D.C.'s <a href="/wiki/Capital_Bikeshare" title="Capital Bikeshare">Capital Bikeshare</a> (2010), New York City's <a href="/wiki/Citi_Bike" title="Citi Bike">Citi Bike</a> (2013), and London's "<a href="/wiki/Boris_bikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris bikes">Boris bikes</a> (2010)". The PBSC was privatised in 2014 and was later acquired by <a href="/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a> in 2022. Separately in 2018, Lyft had acquired <a href="/wiki/Motivate_(company)" title="Motivate (company)">Motivate</a>, an operator of many BIXI-based systems. Meanwhile, the original BIXI system has been operated directly by the City of Montreal since 2014. </p><p>In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Bureau_of_Transportation" title="Portland Bureau of Transportation">Portland Bureau of Transportation</a> (PBOT) launched <a href="/wiki/Biketown" title="Biketown">Biketown</a>, also known as Biketown PDX, a bicycle-sharing system in Portland, Oregon. It is operated by Motivate, with Nike, Inc. as the title sponsor.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At launch, the system had 100 stations and 1,000 bicycles serving the city's central and eastside neighbourhoods, with hopes to expand outward. </p><p>Bike share technology has evolved over the course of decades, and development of programs in Asia has grown exponentially. Of the world's 15 biggest public bike share programs, 13 are in China. In 2012, the biggest are in Wuhan and Hangzhou, with around 90,000 and 60,000 bikes respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of December 2016, roughly <a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">1,000 cities worldwide</a> have a bike-sharing program.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categorization">Categorization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Categorization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bike-sharing systems have developed and evolved with society changes and technological improvements. The systems can be grouped into five categories or generations. Many bicycle programmes paint their bicycles in a strong solid colour, such as yellow or white. Painting the bicycles helps to advertise the programme, as well as deter theft (a painted-over bicycle frame is normally less desirable to a buyer). However, theft rates in many bike-sharing programmes remain high, as most shared-use bicycles have value only as basic transport, and may be resold to unsuspecting buyers after being cleaned and repainted. In response, some large-scale bike sharing programmes have designed their own bike using specialized frame designs and other parts to prevent <a href="/wiki/Chop_shop" title="Chop shop">disassembly</a> and resale of stolen parts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staffed_stations">Staffed stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Staffed stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rental_bikes_by_Bore_hostel_ship,_Turku,_Finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Rental_bikes_by_Bore_hostel_ship%2C_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg/220px-Rental_bikes_by_Bore_hostel_ship%2C_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Rental_bikes_by_Bore_hostel_ship%2C_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg/330px-Rental_bikes_by_Bore_hostel_ship%2C_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Rental_bikes_by_Bore_hostel_ship%2C_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg/440px-Rental_bikes_by_Bore_hostel_ship%2C_Turku%2C_Finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2580" /></a><figcaption>Rental bikes in <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>, Finland</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Short-term checkout</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rental" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle rental">bicycle rental</a></div> <p>Also known as <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rental" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle rental">bicycle rental</a>, bike hire or zero generation. In this system a bicycle can be rented or borrowed from a location and returned to that location. These bicycle renting systems often cater to <a href="/wiki/Day-tripper" class="mw-redirect" title="Day-tripper">day-trippers</a> or tourists. This system is also used by cycling schools for potential cyclists who do not have a bicycle. The locations or stations are not automated but are run by employees or volunteers. </p><p>Regional programs have been implemented where numerous renting locations are set up at railway stations and at local businesses (usually restaurants, museums and hotels) creating a network of locations where bicycles can be borrowed from and returned (e.g. ZweiRad FreiRad with at times 50 locations<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In this kind of network for example a railway station master can allocate a bicycle to a user that then returns it at a different location, for example a hotel. Some such systems require paying a fee, and some do not. Usually the user will be registered or a deposit will be left by the renting facility. The <a href="/wiki/EnCicla" title="EnCicla">EnCicla</a> Bike Share System in <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a> on its inception in 2011 had 6 staffed locations. It later grew to 32 automatic and 19 staffed stations making it a hybrid between a zero generation and third generation system. </p> <dl><dt></dt> <dt>Long-term checkout</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bike_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike library">bike library</a></div> <p>Sometimes known as <a href="/wiki/Bike_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike library">bike library</a> systems, these bicycles may be lent free of charge, for a refundable deposit, or for a small fee. A bicycle is checked out to one person who will typically keep it for several months, and is encouraged or obliged to lock it between uses. A disadvantage is a lower usage frequency, around three uses per day on average as compared to 2 to 15 uses per day typically experienced with other bike-sharing schemes. Advantages of long-term use include rider familiarity with the bicycle, and constant, instant readiness. </p><p>The bicycle can be checked out like a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Library_book&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library book (page does not exist)">library book</a>, a liability waiver can be collected at check-out, and the bike can be returned any time. For each trip, a Library Bike user can choose the bike instead of a car, thus lowering car usage. The long-term rental system generally results in fewer repair costs to the scheme administrator, as riders are incentivised to obtain minor maintenance in order to keep the bike in running order during the long rental period. Most of the long-term systems implemented to date are funded solely through charitable donations of second-hand bicycles, using unpaid volunteer labour to maintain and administer the bicycle fleet. While reducing or eliminating the need for public funding, such a scheme imposes an outer limit to program expansion. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcata_Bike_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcata Bike Library (page does not exist)">Arcata Bike Library</a>, in California, has loaned over 4000 bicycles using this system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_bikes">White bikes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: White bikes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Witte_Fietsen_Veluwe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Witte_Fietsen_Veluwe.JPG/220px-Witte_Fietsen_Veluwe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Witte_Fietsen_Veluwe.JPG/330px-Witte_Fietsen_Veluwe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Witte_Fietsen_Veluwe.JPG/440px-Witte_Fietsen_Veluwe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>White bicycles for free use, in <a href="/wiki/Hoge_Veluwe_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoge Veluwe National Park">Hoge Veluwe National Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gelderland" title="Gelderland">Gelderland</a>, the Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as free bikes, unregulated or first generation. In this type of programme the bicycles are simply released into a city or given area for use by anyone. In some cases, such as a university campus, the bicycles are only designated for use within certain boundaries. Users are expected to leave the bike unlocked in a public area once they reach their destination. Depending on the quantity of bicycles in the system availability of such bicycles can suffer because the bikes are not required to be returned to a centralised station. Such a system can also suffer under distribution problems where many bicycles end up in a valley of a city but few are found on the hills of a city. Since parked and unlocked bikes may be taken by another user at any time, the original rider might have to find an alternative transport for the return trip. This system does away with the cost of having a person allocating a vehicle to a user and it is the system with the lowest <i>hemmschwelle</i> or psychological barrier for a potential user. However, bicycle sharing programs without locks, user identification, and security deposits have also historically suffered loss rates from theft and vandalism. Many initiatives have been abandoned after a few years (e.g. Portland's Yellow Bike Project was abandoned after 3 years<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), while others have been successful for decades (e.g. Austin's Yellow Bike Project active since 1997<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Most of these systems are based around volunteer work and are supported by municipalities. Bicycle repair and maintenance are done by a volunteer project or from the municipality contracted operator but also can be, and sometimes is, completed by individual users who find a defect on a free bike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coin_deposit_stations">Coin deposit stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Coin deposit stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bycykler_i_stativ_i_%C3%85rhus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bycykler_i_stativ_i_%C3%85rhus.jpg/220px-Bycykler_i_stativ_i_%C3%85rhus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bycykler_i_stativ_i_%C3%85rhus.jpg/330px-Bycykler_i_stativ_i_%C3%85rhus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Bycykler_i_stativ_i_%C3%85rhus.jpg/440px-Bycykler_i_stativ_i_%C3%85rhus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Three Bycykel returned at a coin deposit station <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_City_Bikes" title="Aarhus City Bikes">Aarhus City Bikes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as <i>Bycykel</i> or as second generation, this system was developed by Morten Sadolin and Ole Wessung of Copenhagen after both were victims of bicycle theft one night in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They envisioned a freely available bicycle sharing system that would encourage spontaneous usage and also reduce bicycle theft. The bicycles, designed for intense utilitarian use with solid rubber tires and wheels with advertising plates, have a slot into which a <a href="/wiki/Shopping_cart" title="Shopping cart">shopping cart</a> return key can be pushed. A coin (in most versions a 20 DKK or 2 EUR coin) needs to be pushed into the slot to unlock the bike from the station. The bicycle can thus be borrowed free of charge and for an unlimited time and the deposit coin can be retrieved by returning the bicycle to a station again. Since the deposit is a fraction of the bike's cost, and user is not registered this can be vulnerable to theft and vandalism. However, the distinct <i>Bycykel</i> design, well known to the public and to the law authorities does deter misuse to a degree. Implemented systems usually have a zone or area where it is allowed to drive in. The first coin deposit (small) systems were launched in 1991 in <a href="/wiki/Fars%C3%B8" title="Farsø">Farsø</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gren%C3%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenå">Grenå</a>, Denmark, and in 1993 in <a href="/wiki/Nakskov" title="Nakskov">Nakskov</a>, Denmark with 26 bikes and 4 stations. In 1995 the first large-scale 800 bike strong second generation bike-sharing program was launched in Copenhagen as Bycyklen.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system was further introduced in Helsinki (2000-2010) and Vienna in (2002) and in <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_City_Bikes" title="Aarhus City Bikes">Aarhus</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2003. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Automated_stations">Automated stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Automated stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hangzhou_bike_sharing_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hangzhou_bike_sharing_station.jpg/220px-Hangzhou_bike_sharing_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hangzhou_bike_sharing_station.jpg/330px-Hangzhou_bike_sharing_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hangzhou_bike_sharing_station.jpg/440px-Hangzhou_bike_sharing_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2352" data-file-height="1493" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Public_Bicycle" title="Hangzhou Public Bicycle">Hangzhou Public Bicycle</a> system in China, formerly the largest bicycle sharing system in the world<sup id="cite_ref-Access2011_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Access2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as docking stations bicycle-sharing, or membership bicycles or third generation consist of bicycles that can be borrowed or rented from an automated station or "docking stations" or "docks" and can be returned at another station belonging to the same system. The docking stations are special bike racks that lock the bike, and only release it by computer control. Individuals registered with the program identify themselves with their membership card (or by a <a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a>, via cell phone, or other methods) at any of the hubs to check out a bicycle for a short period of time, usually three hours or less. In many schemes the first half-hour is free. In recent years, in an effort to reduce losses from theft and vandalism, many bike-sharing schemes now require a user to provide a monetary deposit or other security, or to become a paid subscriber. The individual is responsible for any damage or loss until the bike is returned to another hub and checked in. </p><p>Some cities allow to use the same card as for bus and rail transport to unlocks the bicycles. </p><p>This system was developed as <i>Public Velo</i> by Hellmut Slachta and Paul Brandstätter from 1990 to 1992, and first implemented in 1996 by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Portsmouth" title="University of Portsmouth">University of Portsmouth</a> and Portsmouth City Council as <i>Bikeabout</i> with a magnetic card used by the students and on 6 June 1998 in <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> as <i>LE vélo STAR</i>, a public city network with 200 bikes, 25 stations and electronic identification of the bikes or in Oslo in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a> contactless technology was experimented in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> (Citybike Wien) and implemented at a large scale in 2005 in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lo%27v" title="Vélo'v">Vélo'v</a>) and in 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lib%27" title="Vélib'">Vélib'</a>). Since then over 1000 bicycle sharing system of this generation have been launched.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The countries with the most dock based systems are Spain (132), Italy (104), and China (79).<sup id="cite_ref-Access2011_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Access2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Larsen_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larsen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, public bike share systems were available in 50 countries on five continents, including 712 cities, operating approximately 806,200 bicycles at 37,500 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-Systems062014_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Systems062014-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Economist2015_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist2015-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Public_Bicycle" title="Hangzhou Public Bicycle">Hangzhou Public Bicycle</a> bike-share systems in China were the largest in the world, with around 90,000 and 60,000 bicycles respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Access2011_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Access2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2013, China had a combined fleet of 650,000 public bikes.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This bicycle-sharing system saves the labour costs of staffed stations (zero generation), reduces vandalism and theft compared to first and second generation systems by registering users but requires a higher investment for infrastructure compared to fourth generation <i>dockless</i> bikes. Third generation systems also allow adapting docking stations as recharging stations for <a href="/wiki/E-bike" class="mw-redirect" title="E-bike">E-bike</a> sharing.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dockless_bikes">Dockless bikes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dockless bikes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:201803_a_Mobike_bicycle_at_Alexanderplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/201803_a_Mobike_bicycle_at_Alexanderplatz.jpg/220px-201803_a_Mobike_bicycle_at_Alexanderplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/201803_a_Mobike_bicycle_at_Alexanderplatz.jpg/330px-201803_a_Mobike_bicycle_at_Alexanderplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/201803_a_Mobike_bicycle_at_Alexanderplatz.jpg/440px-201803_a_Mobike_bicycle_at_Alexanderplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A dockless bike from <a href="/wiki/Mobike" title="Mobike">Mobike</a>, the world's largest operator, with an electronic lock by the rear wheel</figcaption></figure> <p>Also known as Call a Bike, free floating bike or fourth generation, the dockless bike hire systems consist of a bicycle with a lock that is usually integrated onto the frame and does not require a docking station. The earliest versions of this system consisted of <i>for-rent-bicycles</i> that were locked with combination locks and that could be unlocked by a registered user by calling the vendor to receive the combination to unlock the bicycle. The user would then call the vendor a second time to communicate where the bicycle had been parked and locked. This system was further developed by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a> in 1998 to incorporate a digital authentication codes (that changes) to automatically lock and unlock bikes. Deutsche Bahn launched <a href="/wiki/Call_a_Bike" title="Call a Bike">Call a Bike</a> in 2000, enabling users to unlock via <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a> or telephone call, and more recently with an <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent technological and operational improvements by telephones and GPSs have paved the way for dramatic increase of this type of private <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a> driven "dockless" bicycle-sharing system. In particular in China, <a href="/wiki/Ofo_(bike_sharing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofo (bike sharing)">Ofo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobike" title="Mobike">Mobike</a> have become the world's largest bike share operators with millions of bikes spread over 100 cities.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today dockless bike shares are designed whereby a user need not return the bike to a kiosk or station; rather, the next user can find it by GPS.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 30 private companies have started operating in China.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the rapid growth vastly outpaced immediate demand and overwhelmed Chinese cities, where infrastructure and regulations were not prepared to handle a sudden flood of millions of shared bicycles.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not needing docking stations that may require city planning and building permissions, the system spread rapidly on a global scale.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At times <i>dockless bike-sharing systems</i> have been criticized as <i>rogue</i> systems instituted without respect for local authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many cities entrepreneurial companies have independently introduced this system, despite a lack of adequate parking facilities. City officials lack regulation experience for this mode of transportation and social habits have not developed either. In some jurisdictions, authorities have confiscated "rogue" dockless bicycles that are improperly parked for potentially blocking pedestrian traffic on sidewalks<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in other cases new laws have been introduced to regulate the shared bikes. </p><p>In some cities <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a>'s Call a Bike has <i>Call a Bike fix</i> system, which has fixed docking stations versus the <i>flex</i> dockless version, some systems are combined into a hybrid of third and fourth generation systems. Some <a href="/wiki/Nextbike" title="Nextbike">Nextbike</a> systems are also a 3rd and 4th generation hybrid. With the arrival of dockless bike shares, there were in 2017 over 70 private dockless bikeshares operating a combined fleet of 16 million share bikes according to estimates of Ministry of Transport of China.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beijing alone has 2.35 million share bikes from 15 companies.<sup id="cite_ref-news.xinhuanet.com_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-news.xinhuanet.com-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, many major metropolitan areas are experimenting with dockless bikeshare systems, which have been popular with commuters but subject to complaints about illegal parking.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goals">Goals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Goals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People use bike-share for various reasons. Cost and time are primary motivators for using bike-sharing programs, in particular the perceived cost of travel and time saved traveling.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some who would otherwise use their own bicycle have concerns about <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">theft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">vandalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parking" title="Parking">parking</a>, storage, and maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sustainable_alternative_for_short_trips">Sustainable alternative for short trips</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sustainable alternative for short trips"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hellobike_in_Haikou_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hellobike_in_Haikou_-_01.jpg/220px-Hellobike_in_Haikou_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hellobike_in_Haikou_-_01.jpg/330px-Hellobike_in_Haikou_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hellobike_in_Haikou_-_01.jpg/440px-Hellobike_in_Haikou_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hellobike" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellobike">Hellobike</a>, one of the biggest bike sharing companies in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Most large-scale urban bike sharing programmes have numerous bike check-out stations, and operate much like <a href="/wiki/Public_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transit">public transit</a> systems, catering to tourists and visitors as well as local residents. Their central concept is to provide free or affordable access to <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a> for short-distance trips in an <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban area</a> as an alternative to private <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a>, thereby reducing <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">congestion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noise" title="Noise">noise</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a>. According to research in 2016, the bike sharing system in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> saved 8,358 tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">petrol</a> and decreased <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">NOx</a> emissions by 25,240 and 64 tonnes, respectively. The research also stated that bike sharing system has great potential to reduce energy consumption and emissions based on its rapid development.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_mile_problem">Last mile problem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Last mile problem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bicycle-sharing systems have also been cited as a way to solve the "<a href="/wiki/Last_mile_(transportation)" title="Last mile (transportation)">last mile</a>" problem of public transit networks.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a research conducted on <a href="/wiki/YouBike" title="YouBike">YouBike</a> system in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, on 2014, the bike sharing system in <a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">residential area</a> are more popular, and as a first/last mile of transport mode to and from the station to their desired locations.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, dock systems, serving only stations, resemble public transit and have therefore been criticized as less convenient than a privately owned bicycle used door-to-door.<sup id="cite_ref-MAY_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAY-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shared-use_bicycles_maintaince.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Shared-use_bicycles_maintaince.jpg/220px-Shared-use_bicycles_maintaince.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Shared-use_bicycles_maintaince.jpg/330px-Shared-use_bicycles_maintaince.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Shared-use_bicycles_maintaince.jpg/440px-Shared-use_bicycles_maintaince.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Shared-use bicycle being maintained by company staff</figcaption></figure> <p>Bicycle-sharing systems are an economic <a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">good</a>, and are generally classified as a <a href="/wiki/Private_good" title="Private good">private good</a> due to their <a href="/wiki/Excludable" class="mw-redirect" title="Excludable">excludable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rivalrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivalrous">rivalrous</a> nature. While some bicycle-sharing systems are free, most require some user fee or subscription, thus excluding the good to paying consumers. Bicycle-sharing systems also provide a discrete and limited number of bikes, whose distribution can vary throughout a city. One person's usage of the good diminishes the ability of others to use the same good. Nonetheless, the hope of many cities is to partner with bike-share companies to provide something close to a <a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">public good</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public good status may be achieved if the service is free to consumers and there are a sufficient number of bicycles such that one person's usage does not encroach upon another's use of the good. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_public_transport_sector">Partnership with public transport sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Partnership with public transport sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a national-level programme that combines a typical rental system with several of the above system types, a passenger railway operator or infrastructure manager partners with a national <a href="/wiki/Cycling_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling organization">cycling organisation</a> and others to create a system closely connected with public transport. These programmes usually allow for a longer rental time of up to 24 or 48 hours, as well as tourists and round trips. In some German cities the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">national rail company</a> offers a bike rental service called <a href="/wiki/Call_a_Bike" title="Call a Bike">Call a Bike</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, China, the privately operated <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Bus_Rapid_Transit" title="Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit">Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit</a> system includes cycle lanes, and a public bicycle system.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some cases, like <a href="/wiki/Santander_Cycles" title="Santander Cycles">Santander Cycles</a> in London, the bicycle sharing system is owned by the public transport authority itself. </p><p>In other cases, like <a href="/wiki/YouBike" title="YouBike">Youbike</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, the bicycle sharing system is built by a private company partner with the public transport sector through <a href="/wiki/Build%E2%80%93operate%E2%80%93transfer" title="Build–operate–transfer">BOT</a> mode. To be more specific in this case, it is offered by the <a href="/wiki/Taipei_City_Government" title="Taipei City Government">Taipei City</a> Department of Transportation in a <a href="/wiki/Build%E2%80%93operate%E2%80%93transfer" title="Build–operate–transfer">BOT</a> collaboration with local manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Giant_Bicycles" title="Giant Bicycles">Giant Bicycles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_other_modes_of_public_transport">Partnership with other modes of public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Partnership with other modes of public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many cities over the world, bike sharing system is connected to other public transportation. It is usually hoped to complement the shortcomings in the greater <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, in order to encourage residents to use public transport system, local government will give discount on transferring between bike sharing system and other public transports.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medellin">Medellin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Medellin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EnCicla_-_Estaci%C3%B3n_Ruta_N.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/EnCicla_-_Estaci%C3%B3n_Ruta_N.jpg/220px-EnCicla_-_Estaci%C3%B3n_Ruta_N.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/EnCicla_-_Estaci%C3%B3n_Ruta_N.jpg/330px-EnCicla_-_Estaci%C3%B3n_Ruta_N.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/EnCicla_-_Estaci%C3%B3n_Ruta_N.jpg/440px-EnCicla_-_Estaci%C3%B3n_Ruta_N.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>A station of <a href="/wiki/EnCicla" title="EnCicla">EnCicla</a> in <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellín</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellin</a> is home to 3.4 million inhabitants in 173 km<sup>2</sup> and has long faced infrastructural mobility challenges. <a href="/wiki/EnCicla" title="EnCicla">EnCicla</a> is a bike sharing system in the city of <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>). The bike sharing system is connected to other modes of transportation, such as the <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Metro" title="Medellín Metro">Metro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, three EAFIT students (Lina Marcela López, José Agusto Ocampo, and Felipe Gutiérrez) developed the idea of the <a href="/wiki/EnCicla" title="EnCicla">EnCicla</a> bike sharing system as part of their final project. The implementation of the system was decided in operation in August 2012, with the subsequent pilot program confirming its prospects for success. <a href="/wiki/EAFIT_University" title="EAFIT University">EAFIT</a> advocated for the city to lead the system. This was implemented accordingly, resulting in the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/EnCicla" title="EnCicla">EnCicla</a> in the agenda of the city of Medellin and its incorporation into the transportation network. In this regard, <a href="/wiki/EnCicla" title="EnCicla">EnCicla</a> consists of a mixture of shared, as well as separated, bike lanes on the roadway. In the first 3 months after the official launch, 15,700 bicycle rentals took place, with usage picking up sharply in subsequent months and years. In Medellin, an attempt was made to solve the demand problem with statistical analysis using historical data. The result of this analysis was the establishment of a heterogeneous bicycle fleet, with a minimum and maximum number for each station.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In total, in <a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn" title="Medellín">Medellin</a> there exist more than 90 stations in 7 zones, with 13 connected to other transport systems. Since inception, more than 13 million bicycles have been rented by the approximately 9,100 active members. In this context, the most frequently used stations are located in the western zone, near universities and colleges. These stations are located near train stations, which means that there is a high volume of people. To use <a href="/wiki/EnCicla" title="EnCicla">EnCicla</a>, citizens must register on the official website. In general, the system can be used free of charge by anyone 16 years of age or older and is available from 5:30-22:00 during the week and from 6:30-21:00 on Saturdays. Local residents must register through EnCicla's website prior to use, and tourists have the option of renting a bicycle using their passport.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:10_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The establishment of EnCicla in recent years has helped relieve the complex transportation system in Medelin. However, the repositioning of bicycles at stations results in increased <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a> emissions, which run counter to the environmental importance of the project. In parallel, various activities have been carried out to promote the establishment of the system. These include a program that gives people over 8 years of age the opportunity to improve their knowledge and skills in cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:11_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taipei_Metropolitan_Area">Taipei Metropolitan Area</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Taipei Metropolitan Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubike%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%AB%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ubike%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%AB%99.jpg/220px-Ubike%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%AB%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ubike%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%AB%99.jpg/330px-Ubike%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%AB%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ubike%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%AB%99.jpg/440px-Ubike%E6%8D%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4%E7%AB%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>The Youbike station near <a href="/wiki/Tamsui_metro_station" title="Tamsui metro station">Tamsui Station</a> of <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Metro" title="Taipei Metro">Taipei Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamsui%E2%80%93Xinyi_line" title="Tamsui–Xinyi line">Tamsui–Xinyi Line</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/YouBike" title="YouBike">YouBike</a>, a bike sharing system in <a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, has automated stations near all <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Metro" title="Taipei Metro">Taipei Metro</a> stations. The integration of YouBike stations and Taipei Metro aims at solving the "<a href="/wiki/Last_mile_(transportation)" title="Last mile (transportation)">last mile</a>" problem, thus improving transit accessibility and usability. It is hoped that YouBike could complement the shortcomings in the greater public transport. Commuters can check in or check out YouBikes near the metro stations to catch connections from the station to the destination.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Transfer_Discount_Offered_for_Commuters">Transfer Discount Offered for Commuters</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transfer Discount Offered for Commuters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting 30 March 2021, passengers renting a YouBike from any YouBike station in the <a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area</a> receive a discount of NT$5 when using their <a href="/wiki/EasyCard" title="EasyCard">EasyCard</a> to transfer between YouBike and Taipei Metro, <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Joint_Bus_System" title="Taipei Joint Bus System">local buses</a> (except buses that charge by distance) or <a href="/wiki/Danhai_light_rail" title="Danhai light rail">Danhai LRT</a> within one hour. Plus, the trip is only eligible for a discount when the transfer is direct. Commuters shall not utilise other means of transportation, such as <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Railways_Administration" title="Taiwan Railways Administration">Taiwan Railways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maokong_Gondola" title="Maokong Gondola">Maokong Gondola</a>, long-distance buses, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail" title="Taiwan High Speed Rail">Taiwan High Speed Rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoyuan_Metro" title="Taoyuan Metro">Taoyuan Metro</a>, or taxis.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Transfer_Behavior">Transfer Behavior</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transfer Behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the analysis of YouBike rental and its Taipei MRT (<a href="/wiki/Taipei_Rapid_Transit_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Rapid Transit System">Taipei Rapid Transit System</a>) transfer behavior from the Department of Transportation, <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City_Government" title="New Taipei City Government">New Taipei City Government</a>, YouBike has already become an important feeder mode for metro commuters: up to 55% of the subjects (the commuters who ever utilise YouBike during September, 2015) transfer by YouBike before or after taking the Metro.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adopting the YouBike and MRT transaction data of EasyCard in <a href="/wiki/New_Taipei_City" title="New Taipei City">New Taipei City</a> in November, 2016, almost all popular YouBike stations can be found next to the Taipei metro stations. Furthermore, transfer analysis depending on the YouBike and MRT data indicates that, the transfer ratio of loyal users (who utilise YouBike more than five times per week) is up to 60%.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Seoul_Metropolitan_Area">Seoul Metropolitan Area</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Seoul Metropolitan Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sharing bicycles in South Korea are called '<a href="/wiki/Ddareungi" title="Ddareungi">Ddareungi</a>' in <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Capital_Area" title="Seoul Capital Area">Seoul capital area</a>. Ddareungi is a sharing bicycle operated throughout <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>. It is an unmanned sharing bicycle rental service that started pilot operation in 2014 and officially operated in October 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seoul_Bike_22907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seoul_Bike_22907.jpg/220px-Seoul_Bike_22907.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seoul_Bike_22907.jpg/330px-Seoul_Bike_22907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seoul_Bike_22907.jpg/440px-Seoul_Bike_22907.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ddareungi" title="Ddareungi">Ddareungi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: 따릉이) is <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bike_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike sharing system">bike sharing system</a>, which was set up in 2015.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1-hour pass for Ddareungi is <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">KRW</a> 1000(Approximate 1 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>), and to prevent theft, an additional charge of KRW 1000 per 30 minutes is charged for exceeding the usage time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Transit_Mileage">Transit Mileage</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Transit Mileage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transit Mileage is a benefit that can only be received by 365-day commuter pass users. If someone uses <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation in South Korea">public transportation</a> within 30 minutes of returning the bicycle, the mileage is accumulated. If it is difficult to travel by bus or subway, the section can be replaced with Ddareungi.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Bicycle_Driving_Ability_Certification_System_Fee_Benefits">Bicycle Driving Ability Certification System Fee Benefits</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bicycle Driving Ability Certification System Fee Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bicycle driving ability certification system requires completion of bicycle safety education, if a person passes both the written and practical exams, that person will receive certification and part of the Ddareungi usage fee can be reduced for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="QR_Code_Lock">QR Code Lock</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: QR Code Lock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1 March 2020, QR Code Lock was introduced as a method of renting and returning by recognizing QR codes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is convenient because it can be rented or returned with a single scan by using a QR code-type locking device. When renting a bicycle, purchase a voucher from the bicycle app and scan the QR code on the bicycle to rent, and the lock is automatically unlocked and can be used immediately. It can return and rent a bicycle anywhere without going to a bicycle rental booth.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Sprout_Ddareungyi">Sprout Ddareungyi</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sprout Ddareungyi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existing sharing bicycles can only be used by those over the age of 15, so Sprout Ddareungyi, which can be rented from the age of 13 and older, has been launched in Seoul.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The government released a policy for public bicycles with reduced size and weight compared to the existing Ddareungi bicycles so that even small-sized people, such as teenagers and the elderly, could use them conveniently.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of users of Seoul's public bicycle 'Ddareungi' has exceeded 3 million. It is used by about one in three Seoul citizens. General citizens have a high rate of use during commuting hours on weekdays, except on weekends, so after using public transportation such as <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Subway" title="Seoul Metropolitan Subway">Seoul Metropolitan Subway</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Buses" class="mw-redirect" title="Seoul Buses">Seoul Buses</a>, when it is an ambiguous distance to use public transportation anymore, citizens use public bicycles near subway stations to move the most. In particular, considering that rentals and returns are made at rental stations near subway stations, citizens frequently use Ddareungi that are deployed in subway stations.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To analyse, if the number of cases is classified based on the number of Ddareungi rental stations near subway stations in 2021, exit 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Ttukseom_Park_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Ttukseom Park station">Ttukseom Park area of Hangang Park</a>, which is the most used in Seoul, is the first with 602 rentals, After that, <a href="/wiki/Express_Bus_Terminal_station" title="Express Bus Terminal station">Express Bus Terminal Station</a> and Lotte World Tower's Jamsil Station Exit 2 followed. It is analysed that the most frequently used Ttukseom area, exit 1, is usually used by citizens who enjoy leisure at <a href="/wiki/Hangang_Park" title="Hangang Park">Hangang Park</a> except during rush hour.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Top Number of Rentals of <a href="/wiki/Ddareungi" title="Ddareungi">Ddareungi</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Ranking </th> <th>Subway Rental Station </th> <th>Number of Rentals </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ttukseom_station" title="Ttukseom station">Ttukseom Station</a> Exit 1 </td> <td>602 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yeouinaru_station" title="Yeouinaru station">Yeouinaru Station</a> Exit 1 </td> <td>504 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Express_Bus_Terminal_station" title="Express Bus Terminal station">Express Bus Terminal Station</a> </td> <td>339 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamsil_station" title="Jamsil station">Jamsil Station</a> Exit 2 </td> <td>314 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sillim_station" title="Sillim station">Sillim Station</a> </td> <td>311 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hamburg">Hamburg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Hamburg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bicycle sharing system "StadtRAD" of <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>) was launched in 2009 and now includes 3,100 bicycles and 20 cargo bikes.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infrastructure includes 250 fixed stations distributed throughout the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of the app, it is possible to rent up to two bikes. For an annual fee of €5, the first 30 minutes of each rental are free.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 500,000 people are registered with the app.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"StadtRAD" is an integral part of the city's <a href="/wiki/Mobility_transition" title="Mobility transition">mobility transition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aim here is to reduce motorized private transport by strengthening <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a>, making it easier to switch between different modes of transport and developing the city into a bicycle city.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To achieve this, the share of cyclists in total traffic should increase to 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The administrative responsibility for implementing the mobility strategy is assumed by the Alliance for Cycling, which is assigned to the Authority for Transport and Mobility Change. Its task is to make the transport infrastructure bicycle-friendly by promoting the construction of bike and ride facilities, making subway stops barrier-friendly and expanding bicycle routes.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, it should be made easier to take bicycles on buses and trains, and traffic safety should be strengthened through traffic education in schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another focus is on the interconnection of the different mobility offers through the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hvv-switch.de/en/">Switchh</a> app. Citizens can switch between <a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorized_scooter" title="Motorized scooter">Motorized scooter</a> or offers from the <a href="/wiki/HVV" class="mw-redirect" title="HVV">HVV</a> by making reservations or bookings. The integration of "StadtRAD" is planned to take place in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the practical implementation of the bicycle sharing system Stadtrad, the city has contracted "Deutsche Bahn Connect".<sup id="cite_ref-:15_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deutsche Bahn Connect is committed to setting up and operating a public bike sharing system with fixed rental stations within the city boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a study conducted by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hamburg" title="University of Hamburg">University of Hamburg</a>, users state that they use the Stadtrad mainly for leisure (55.9%) and regularly spend time in the city center (89.9%).<sup id="cite_ref-:16_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The frequency of use is several times a month (24.9%) and several times a half year (24.9%).<sup id="cite_ref-:16_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the study shows that the city bike has a positive image among users, they are largely satisfied with the service and recognize environmental and health benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_100-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study by the authors shows that implementing a green public service increases both perceived social and environmental value.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_100-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perceived social and environmental values have a positive influence on the user's green attitude and intentions.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, however, the need for a reporting system for sharing systems is emphasized, which ideally should be standardized and comparable with other regions.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Especially for outsourced projects, monitoring and control processes must be implemented to ensure consistent quality. This includes the use of advanced prediction models to balance the load effectively by forecasting bike-sharing activity and addressing underflow and overflow issues dynamically.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to the environmental benefits, financial and time constraints must also be considered in large urban planning projects. <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a> has had increasing spending on bicycle infrastructure since 2011 and spent 15 million euros on it in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_car_park_operators">Partnership with car park operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Partnership with car park operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some car park operators such as <a href="/wiki/Vinci_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinci (construction)">Vinci Park</a> in France lend bikes to their customers who park a car.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_car-share_operations">Partnership with car-share operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Partnership with car-share operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/City_CarShare" title="City CarShare">City CarShare</a>, a San Francisco-based non-profit, received a federal grant in 2012 to integrate <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">electric bicycles</a> within its existing <a href="/wiki/Car-sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="Car-sharing">car-sharing</a> fleet. The program is set to launch before the end of 2012 with 45 bikes.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="All dates are from 2012, and City Car Share's assets were sold to another company in 2016 (August 2018)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financing">Financing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The financing of bicycle-sharing system have been maintained by a combination of fees, volunteer, charity, advertisements, business interest groups and government subsidies. The international expansion dockless bicycles in mid 2010s has been financed by investment capital. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="User_fees">User fees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: User fees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>User <b>rent fees</b> may range from the equivalent of US$0.50 to 30.00 per day, rent fees for 15- or 20-minute intervals can range from a few cents to 1.00. Many bike-share systems offer subscriptions that make the first 30–45 minutes of use either free or very inexpensive, encouraging use as transportation. This allows each bike to serve several users per day but reduces revenue. Monthly or yearly <b>membership subscriptions</b> and initial <b>registration fees</b> may apply. To reduce losses from theft often users are required to commit to <b>temporary deposit</b> via a credit card or debit card. If the bike is not returned within the subscription period, or returned with significant damage, the bike sharing operator keeps the deposit or withdraws money from the user's credit card account. operated by private companies as is the case in most cities in China.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>US</b> </p><p>New York rental rates are among the highest in the world, as of the <a href="/wiki/Citi_Bike" title="Citi Bike">Citi Bike</a> program's launch in July 2012, but this is of course subject to change.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cost of annual membership in the US varies between $100 and about $220.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Europe</b> </p><p>Bike riders shared in Europe usually pay between €0.50 to €1 per trip, and an average of €10–12 for a full day cycling. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_06_2012_Velib_2883.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Paris_06_2012_Velib_2883.JPG/220px-Paris_06_2012_Velib_2883.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Paris_06_2012_Velib_2883.JPG/330px-Paris_06_2012_Velib_2883.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Paris_06_2012_Velib_2883.JPG/440px-Paris_06_2012_Velib_2883.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Paris Vélib' rent station with bank card reader</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volunteer_work">Volunteer work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Volunteer work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many first and second generation bicycle sharing programs were and are community run organisations as "Community Bike programmes", as done in <a href="/wiki/IIT_Bombay" title="IIT Bombay">IIT Bombay</a>. Often maintenance and repair is performed by unpaid volunteers that complete this work in their own free time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charity_sources">Charity sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Charity sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charity fundraising drives and charitable organisations have and do support bicycle sharing programs, including <a href="/wiki/Rotary_International" title="Rotary International">Rotary Clubs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lions_Clubs_International" title="Lions Clubs International">Lions Clubs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advertisement_revenue">Advertisement revenue</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Advertisement revenue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Second and third generation schemes in the 90s already prominently included advertising opportunities on the individual bikes in form of advertisement areas on the wheels or frame. Other schemes are completely branded according to a sponsor, notable example London's bike share which was originally branded and sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Barclays_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Barclays Bank">Barclays Bank</a> and subsequently by <a href="/wiki/Santander_UK" title="Santander UK">Santander UK</a>. </p><p>Several European cities, including the French cities of <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lo%27v" title="Vélo'v">Lyon</a> and Paris as well as London, Barcelona, Stockholm and Oslo, have signed contracts with private advertising agencies (<a href="/wiki/JCDecaux" title="JCDecaux">JCDecaux</a> in Brussels, Lyon, Paris, Seville, Dublin and Oslo; <a href="/wiki/Clear_Channel_Outdoor" title="Clear Channel Outdoor">Clear Channel</a> in Stockholm, Barcelona, Antwerp, Perpignan and Zaragoza) which supply the city with thousands of bicycles free of charge (or for a minor fee). In return, the agencies are allowed to advertise both on the bikes themselves and in other select locations in the city, typically in the form of <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> on stations or the bicycles themselves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_subsidies">Government subsidies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Government subsidies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melbourne_Bike_Helmets.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Melbourne_Bike_Helmets.JPG/220px-Melbourne_Bike_Helmets.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Melbourne_Bike_Helmets.JPG/330px-Melbourne_Bike_Helmets.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Melbourne_Bike_Helmets.JPG/440px-Melbourne_Bike_Helmets.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="3920" /></a><figcaption>A bicycle helmets vending machine in the University of Melbourne Parkville campus, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Municipalities have operated and do operate bicycle share systems as a public service, paying for the initial investment, maintenance and operations if it is not covered by other revenue sources. Governments can also support bicycle share programs in forms of one time grants (often to buy a set of bicycles), yearly of monthly subsidies, or by paying part of the employee wages (example in repair workshops that employee long-term unemployed persons). Many of the membership-based systems are operated through public-private partnerships. Some schemes may be financed as a part of the public transportation system (for example <a href="/wiki/Smoove" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoove">Smoove</a>). In Melbourne the government subsidises the sale of bicycle helmets<sup id="cite_ref-LUC_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LUC-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to enable spontaneous cyclists comply with the mandatory helmet laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvesting_of_user-data">Harvesting of user-data</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Harvesting of user-data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GPS traceable vehicle commute patterns and usage habits present valuable data for government agencies, marketing companies or researchers. Strong commuter patterns can be filtered out and potential transportation services (e.g. commuter bus) can be tailored to existing demand. Potential audiences can be better assessed and understood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_patterns">Usage patterns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Usage patterns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capital_Bikeshare_DC_09_2010_508.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Capital_Bikeshare_DC_09_2010_508.JPG/220px-Capital_Bikeshare_DC_09_2010_508.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Capital_Bikeshare_DC_09_2010_508.JPG/330px-Capital_Bikeshare_DC_09_2010_508.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Capital_Bikeshare_DC_09_2010_508.JPG/440px-Capital_Bikeshare_DC_09_2010_508.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Bicycle station in the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, suburbs powered by solar panels</figcaption></figure> <p>Most bike-sharing systems allow the bicycles to be returned to any station in the system, which facilitates one-way trips because the users do not need to return the bicycles to the origin.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, one bike may take 10–15 rides a day with different users and can be ridden up to 10,000 km (6,200 mi) a year (as in <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lo%27v" title="Vélo'v">Vélo'v</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France). Each bike has at least one rides with one unique user per day which indicates that in 2014 there were a minimum of at least 294 million unique bike share cyclists worldwide (806,200 bicycles × 365) although some estimates are much.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was found—in cities like Paris and Copenhagen—that to have a major impact there had to be a high density of available bikes. Copenhagen has 2500 bikes which cannot be used outside the 9 km<sup>2</sup> (3.5 sq mi) zone of the city centre (a fine of <a href="/wiki/Danish_krone" title="Danish krone">DKK</a> 1000 applies to any user taking bikes across the canal bridges around the periphery). Since Paris's Vélib' programme operates with an increasing fee past the free first half-hour, users have a strong disincentive to take the bicycles out of the city centre. The distance between stations is only 300–400 metres (1,000–1,300 ft) in <a href="/wiki/Inner_city" title="Inner city">inner city</a> areas. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LinkBike,_George_Town,_Penang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/LinkBike%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/220px-LinkBike%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/LinkBike%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/330px-LinkBike%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/LinkBike%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg/440px-LinkBike%2C_George_Town%2C_Penang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/LinkBike" title="LinkBike">LinkBike</a> station in <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>. The public bicycle sharing service was launched in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p>in US, male users of bike sharing made up for more than 80% of total trips made in 2017.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BicikeLJ_Ljubljana-Pre%C5%A1ernov_trg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BicikeLJ_Ljubljana-Pre%C5%A1ernov_trg.JPG/220px-BicikeLJ_Ljubljana-Pre%C5%A1ernov_trg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BicikeLJ_Ljubljana-Pre%C5%A1ernov_trg.JPG/330px-BicikeLJ_Ljubljana-Pre%C5%A1ernov_trg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/BicikeLJ_Ljubljana-Pre%C5%A1ernov_trg.JPG/440px-BicikeLJ_Ljubljana-Pre%C5%A1ernov_trg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BicikeLJ" title="BicikeLJ">BicikeLJ</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A study published in 2015 in the journal <a href="/wiki/Transportation_(journal)" title="Transportation (journal)"><i>Transportation</i></a> concludes that bike sharing systems can be grouped into behaviourally similar categories based upon their size.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cluster analysis shows that larger systems have different usage patterns in different stations, whilst in smaller systems the different stations have similar daily utilization patterns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_distribution_of_bike-sharing_systems">Global distribution of bike-sharing systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Global distribution of bike-sharing systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_sharing_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bicycle sharing systems">List of bicycle sharing systems</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Economic impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bike-share programs generate a number of economic <a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">externalities</a>, both positive and negative. The positive externalities include reduction of traffic congestion and pollution, while the negative externalities can include degradation of urban aesthetic environment and reduction of parking. Furthermore, bike-share programs have <a href="/wiki/Pecuniary_externality" title="Pecuniary externality">pecuniary effects</a>. Some of these economic externalities (e.g. reduced congestion) can be systematically evaluated using empirical data, and therefore may be <a href="/wiki/Internalization_(sociology)" title="Internalization (sociology)">internalized</a> through government <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidy</a>. On the other hand, "nuisance" externalities (e.g. street and sidewalk clutter) are more subjective and harder to quantify, and may not be able to be internalized. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Positive_consumption_externality_graph.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Positive_consumption_externality_graph.png/220px-Positive_consumption_externality_graph.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Positive_consumption_externality_graph.png/330px-Positive_consumption_externality_graph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Positive_consumption_externality_graph.png/440px-Positive_consumption_externality_graph.png 2x" data-file-width="1159" data-file-height="765" /></a><figcaption>Graph depicting market with positive consumption externality. Curves representing supply, private marginal benefit (demand) and social marginal benefit are shown. Equilibrium and optimal prices and quantities are marked. <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_loss" title="Deadweight loss">Deadweight loss</a> is shown as the gray triangle, and the size of the subsidy required to internalize the externality is marked.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive_effects">Positive effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Positive effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Less_traffic_congestion">Less traffic congestion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Less traffic congestion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A primary goal of bicycle-sharing systems has been to reduce traffic congestion, particularly in large urban areas. Some empirical evidence indicates that this goal has been achieved to varying degrees in different cities. A 2015 article in <i>Transport Reviews</i> examined bike-share systems in five cities, including Washington, D.C., and Minneapolis. The article found that in D.C., individuals substituted bike-share rides for automobile trips 8 percent of the time, and almost 20 percent of the time in Minneapolis.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A separate study on Washington, D.C.'s <a href="/wiki/Capital_Bikeshare" title="Capital Bikeshare">Capital Bikeshare</a> found that the bike-share program contributed a 2 to 3 percent reduction in traffic congestion within the evaluated neighborhood.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2017 studies in Beijing and Shanghai have linked the massive increase of dockless bike shares to the decrease in the number of private automobile trips that are less than five kilometres.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Guangzhou, the arrival of dockless bike shares had a positive impact in the growth of cycling mode share.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Less_pollution">Less pollution</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Less pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not only do bike-share systems intend to reduce <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a>, they also aim to reduce air pollution through decreased automobile usage, and indirectly through the reduction of congestion. The study on D.C.'s Capital Bikeshare estimated that the reduction in traffic congestion would be equivalent to roughly $1.28 million in annual benefits, accrued through the reduction in congestion-induced <a href="/wiki/CO2_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2 emissions">CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_114-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A separate study of transportation in Australia estimated that 1.5 kilograms of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent emissions are avoided by an urban resident who travels 5 kilometers by cycling rather than by car during rush hour periods.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Healthy transport</b> </p><p>Bicycle-sharing systems have been shown to have a strong net positive health effect.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cycling is a good way for exercise and stress relief. It can increase recreation and improve sociability of a city, which make people live more happy and relaxed. The report from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) point out that cycling also help preventing disease like obesity, heart disease (can reduce up to 82%) and diabetes (can reduce up to 58%). Therefore, bicycle-sharing systems has a positive effect on mental and physical health, which attract more people to use. (Demand increase)<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reduced_car_parking">Reduced car parking</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Reduced car parking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bike-share programs, especially the earlier services that required docking areas along urban streets, may encroach upon the space available for on-street car parking and other auto-centric uses. While some argue that this is a negative, it is generally considered a positive side effect, since it helps further the transition away from car-dependency.<sup id="cite_ref-NG_Parking_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG_Parking-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negative_effects">Negative effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Negative effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Urban_clutter">Urban clutter</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Urban clutter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some cities, the many dockless bike-share bicycles have cluttered streets and sidewalks, degrading the urban aesthetic environment and blocking pedestrian traffic. In particular, cycles on Chinese city streets have created sections of clogged sidewalks no longer walkable, and piles of illegally parked bicycles.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bike_share_clutter_Beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bike_share_clutter_Beijing.jpg/220px-Bike_share_clutter_Beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bike_share_clutter_Beijing.jpg/330px-Bike_share_clutter_Beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bike_share_clutter_Beijing.jpg/440px-Bike_share_clutter_Beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Bike-share company Mobike's bicycles clutter a sidewalk in 798 Arts District in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China.</figcaption></figure><p> Due to the vehicles being left in the public right of way, or abandoned obstructing pedestrians, the dockless vehicles have been called "litter bikes".<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dockless cycles left randomly on public footpaths may impede access for wheelchair users and others who use mobility aids, and may be dangerous to people with visual impairments.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pecuniary_effects">Pecuniary effects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Pecuniary effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As bicycle-sharing systems continue to grow and provide an affordable alternative for commuters, the relatively low price of these services may induce competitors to offer lower prices. For instance, municipal public transit organizations may lower prices for buses or subways to continue to compete with bike-share systems. Pecuniary effects may even extend to bicycle manufacturers and retailers, where these producers might reduce prices of bicycles and other <a href="/wiki/Complementary_good" title="Complementary good">complementary goods</a> (e.g. helmets, lights). However, empirical research is needed to test these hypotheses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internalization_of_externalities">Internalization of externalities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Internalization of externalities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public-private_partnerships">Public-private partnerships</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Public-private partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Public_economics" title="Public economics">public economics</a>, there is a role for government intervention in a market if <a href="/wiki/Market_failure" title="Market failure">market failures</a> exist, or in the case of <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistribution</a>. As several studies have found, bike-share programs appear to produce net positive externalities in reduced traffic congestion and pollution, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_114-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bike-sharing market does not produce at the social optimum, justifying the need for government intervention in the form of a <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidy</a> for the provision of this good in order to internalize the positive externality. Many cities have adopted <a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">public-private partnerships</a> to provide bike-shares, such as in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Capital_Bikeshare" title="Capital Bikeshare">Capital Bikeshares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These partially government-funded programs may serve to better provide the good of bike-shares. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dangers_of_over-supply">Dangers of over-supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Dangers of over-supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_shared_bicycle_in_the_grass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/A_shared_bicycle_in_the_grass.jpg/220px-A_shared_bicycle_in_the_grass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/A_shared_bicycle_in_the_grass.jpg/330px-A_shared_bicycle_in_the_grass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/A_shared_bicycle_in_the_grass.jpg/440px-A_shared_bicycle_in_the_grass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3036" data-file-height="2617" /></a><figcaption>A shared bicycle was discarded in the grass.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many bike-share companies and public-private partnerships aim to supply shared bicycles as a public good. In order for bike-shares to be a public good, they must be both non-excludable and non-rival. Numerous bike-share programs already offer their services partly for free or at least at very low prices, therefore nearing the non-excludable requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in order to achieve the non-rival requirement, shared bicycles must be supplied at a certain density within an urban area. There are numerous challenges with attaining non-rivalry, for instance, redistribution of bicycles from low-demand regions to regions with high-demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Xie2018Bike_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Xie2018Bike-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobike, a China-based company, has addressed this problem by paying their users to ride their bikes from low-demand areas to high-demand areas.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Citi_Bike" title="Citi Bike">Citi Bike</a> in New York City has a similar "Bike Angel" program to give discounts and prizes to balancers.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other companies such as oBike have introduced a points system to penalize negative behavior, namely, illegal parking of shared bicycles.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Economists speculate that a combination of efficient pricing with well-designed regulatory policies could significantly mitigate problems of over-supply and clutter.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Chinese bicycle-sharing market demonstrated the danger of oversupply in 2018. Companies took advantage of unclear regulations in the preceding years to introduce millions of shared bikes to the country's cities. Users were not educated in how to use the systems properly and in many cases treated them as disposable, parking them anywhere. City governments were forced to impound the abandoned bikes when they blocked public thoroughfares, and millions of bikes went directly to junkyards after the companies that owned them went <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy_in_China" title="Bankruptcy in China">bankrupt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_2018_China_article_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic_2018_China_article-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian_2018_China_article_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_2018_China_article-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_impacts">Health impacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Health impacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study published in the <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Public_Health" title="American Journal of Public Health">American Journal of Public Health</a></i> reports observing<sup id="cite_ref-:6_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an increase in cycling and health benefits where bicycle sharing systems are run. In the United States, bikesharing programs have proliferated in recent years, but collision and injury rates for bikesharing are lower than previously computed rates for personal bicycling; at least two people have been killed while using a bike share scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-Martin,_et_al_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martin,_et_al-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williams-Harris_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-Harris-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also considerable evidence that bike-share programs must be adopted in tandem with city infrastructure, namely, the creation of bike lanes. A 2012 study published in the <i>American Journal of Public Health</i> found that Toronto's cyclists were 30–50% more likely to be involved in an accident on major roads without cycle lanes than on those with.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite their theoretical and observed benefits, bike-share programs have come under attack as their presence has grown throughout the world. Much of this criticism has focused on the use of public funding – concerned critics posit that the use of tax money for bike-share programs should instead be diverted towards other services that more residents use on a daily basis.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this argument relies on a faulty assumption that taxpayer money is a significant source of bike-share funding. An analysis by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peopleforbikes.org/">People for Bikes</a>, an organization that advocates for new and safe bike infrastructure, found that public investment in Salt Lake City's <a href="/wiki/GREENbike" class="mw-redirect" title="GREENbike">Greenbike</a> and Denver's <a href="/wiki/B-cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="B-cycle">B-Cycle</a> programs was significantly less than traditional public transit (e.g. bus or rail) in those same cities, on a per-trip basis. Both Greenbike and B-Cycle's publicly funded subsidies amount to 10 percent or less of the total cost of one trip.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Salt Lake City's bus and rail system (<a href="/wiki/Utah_Transit_Authority" title="Utah Transit Authority">UTA</a>) relies on 80 percent public funding for a single trip.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_138-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other critics claim that bike-share programs fail to reach more low-income communities.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some efforts have attempted to address this issue, such as New York City's Citi Bike's discounted membership program, which is aimed at increasing ridership among low-income residents. However, around 80 percent of study respondents reported that they had no knowledge of the program's discount.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_139-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A further criticism describes increasing discriminatory technical and organizational hurdles. In addition to registration—providing addresses—or security deposits—of money or bank card data—many systems require smartphones with certain operating systems and user accounts, usually by Apple or Google,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even a permanent or temporary mobile data connection for unlocking and returning the bicycles. Others offer the same functions via SMS, telephone, or a previously purchased chip card. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Automobile_dependency" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile dependency">Automobile dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_cooperative" title="Bicycle cooperative">Bicycle cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rental" title="Bike rental">Bike rental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_carsharing" title="Peer-to-peer carsharing">peer-to-peer carsharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_two-wheeler_sharing" title="Electric two-wheeler sharing">Electric two-wheeler sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">Outline of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private partnership">Public–private partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan_bicycle" title="Orphan bicycle">Orphan bicycle</a>, an abandoned bicycle in the public</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acronym for the ENergy savings in TRANsport through innovation in the Cities of Europe programme</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:7-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:7_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output 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Berkeley, CA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61238-628-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61238-628-7"><bdi>978-1-61238-628-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/886576588">886576588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moon+handbooks+%3A+Colombia&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.edition=1st&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F886576588&rft.isbn=978-1-61238-628-7&rft.aulast=Dier&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F886576588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle-sharing+system" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:11_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metropol.gov.co/Paginas/Noticias/biciescuela-para-adultos-alternativa-para-fomentar-uso-de-bicicleta.aspx">"Biciescuela para adultos: Una alternativa para fomentar el uso de la bicicleta en el Valle de Aburrá"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biciescuela+para+adultos%3A+Una+alternativa+para+fomentar+el+uso+de+la+bicicleta+en+el+Valle+de+Aburr%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metropol.gov.co%2FPaginas%2FNoticias%2Fbiciescuela-para-adultos-alternativa-para-fomentar-uso-de-bicicleta.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle-sharing+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.dot.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=F126F4D3F5D0368B&sms=DADF610080DEB41E&s=C707155EEECDF26B">YouBike background</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.metro.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=034BD8E0AB821D47&s=31D7E8315F353B8A">"FAQs"</a>. 31 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Are+taxpayers+being+taken+for+a+ride+with+GREENbike%3F+%7C+KSL.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksl.com%2F%3Fsid%3D37436624%26nid%3D148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle-sharing+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_138-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_138-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://betterbikeshare.org/2016/08/08/reality-check-public-bike-sharing-costs-public-virtually-nothing/">"Reality check: Public bike sharing costs the public virtually nothing – Better Bike Share"</a>. <i>Better Bike Share</i>. 8 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Better+Bike+Share&rft.atitle=Reality+check%3A+Public+bike+sharing+costs+the+public+virtually+nothing+%E2%80%93+Better+Bike+Share&rft.date=2016-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbetterbikeshare.org%2F2016%2F08%2F08%2Freality-check-public-bike-sharing-costs-public-virtually-nothing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle-sharing+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_139-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_139-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsey2016" class="citation news cs1">Lindsey, Joe (1 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsideonline.com/2136406/do-bike-share-systems-actually-work">"Do Bike Share Systems Actually Work?"</a>. <i>Outside Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Outside+Online&rft.atitle=Do+Bike+Share+Systems+Actually+Work%3F&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsideonline.com%2F2136406%2Fdo-bike-share-systems-actually-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle-sharing+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonSchmidt2020" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, David Gordon; Schmidt, Theodor; et al. (May 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/bicycling-science/"><i>Bicycling Science</i></a> (4th paperback ed.). Cambridge, MA: The <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bicycling+Science&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.edition=4th+paperback&rft.pub=The+MIT+Press&rft.date=2020-05&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=David+Gordon&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Theodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Fbicycling-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle-sharing+system" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle-sharing_system&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Social peer-to-peer processes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_banking" title="Peer-to-peer banking">Peer-to-peer banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_carsharing" title="Peer-to-peer carsharing">Peer-to-peer carsharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_lending" title="Peer-to-peer lending">Peer-to-peer lending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Peer-to-peer ridesharing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bicycle-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borrowing_center" title="Borrowing center">Borrowing center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_swap" title="Clothing swap">Clothing swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-living" title="Co-living">Co-living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_consumption" title="Collaborative consumption">Collaborative consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_crowdfunding_services" title="Comparison of crowdfunding services">Comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">Crowdsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_sharing" title="Flight sharing">Flight sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_sharing" title="Garden sharing">Garden sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_economy" title="Gig economy">Gig economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gig_economy_companies" title="List of gig economy companies">List of companies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gig_worker" title="Gig worker">Gig worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_exchange" title="Home exchange">Home exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestay" title="Homestay">Homestay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_cooperative" title="Platform cooperative">Platform cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_economy" title="Platform economy">Platform economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse" title="Reuse">Reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_library" title="Tool library">Tool library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-sided_market" title="Two-sided market">Two-sided market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upcycling" title="Upcycling">Upcycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiki" title="Wiki">Wiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlaBlaCar" title="BlaBlaCar">BlaBlaCar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Drivers_Cooperative" title="The Drivers Cooperative">Co-Op Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingly_(company)" title="Wingly (company)">Wingly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_service" title="Hospitality exchange service">Hospitality exchange services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CouchSurfing" title="CouchSurfing">CouchSurfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dachgeber" class="mw-redirect" title="Dachgeber">Dachgeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelpX" title="HelpX">HelpX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeExchange.com" title="HomeExchange.com">HomeExchange.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_Club" title="Hospitality Club">Hospitality Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasporta_Servo" title="Pasporta Servo">Pasporta Servo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servas_International" title="Servas International">Servas International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Showers" title="Warm Showers">Warm Showers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Swap and renting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Freecycle_Network" title="The Freecycle Network">The Freecycle Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetbank" title="Streetbank">Streetbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olio_(app)" title="Olio (app)">Olio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bicycle-sharing_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bicycle_sharing_systems" title="Template:Bicycle sharing systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bicycle_sharing_systems" title="Template talk:Bicycle sharing systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bicycle_sharing_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bicycle sharing systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bicycle-sharing_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bicycle-sharing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anywheel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anywheel (page does not exist)">Anywheel</a> (Singapore)</li> <li>CityBike (Kaohsiung, Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ddareungi" title="Ddareungi">Ddareungi</a> (Seoul, South Korea)</li> <li>Gobee.bike (Hong Kong)</li> <li>Hoba Bike (Hong Kong)</li> <li>Ketch' Up Bike (Hong Kong)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou_Public_Bicycle" title="Hangzhou Public Bicycle">Hangzhou Public Bicycle</a> (Hangzhou, China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkBike" title="LinkBike">LinkBike</a> (George Town, Penang, Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=LocoBike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LocoBike (page does not exist)">LocoBike</a> (Hong Kong)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobike" title="Mobike">Mobike</a> (China and Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moov_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moov Technology (page does not exist)">Moov Technology</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SG_Bike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SG Bike (page does not exist)">SG Bike</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouBike" title="YouBike">YouBike</a> (Taiwan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JoBike" title="JoBike">JoBike</a> (Bangladesh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli_Bicycle_Share" title="Tiruchirappalli Bicycle Share">Tiruchirappalli Bicycle Share</a> (India)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antbis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antbis (page does not exist)">Antbis</a> (Antalya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bdood" title="Bdood">Bdood</a> (Tehran, Shiraz)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisim (page does not exist)">Bisim</a> (İzmir)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyacle_Bikeshare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyacle Bikeshare (page does not exist)">Cyacle Bikeshare</a> (Abu Dhabi)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esbis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esbis (page does not exist)">Esbis</a> (Eskişehir)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sbike" title="İsbike">İsbike</a> (Istanbul)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaybis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaybis (page does not exist)">Kaybis</a> (Kayseri)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kobis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kobis (page does not exist)">Kobis</a> (Kocaeli)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sambis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sambis (page does not exist)">Sambis</a> (Samsun)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel-O-Fun" title="Tel-O-Fun">Tel-O-Fun</a> (Tel Aviv)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astana_Bike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astana Bike (page does not exist)">Astana Bike</a> (Astana, Kazakhstan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>in multiple countries: <a href="/wiki/Nextbike" title="Nextbike">nextbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Republic" title="Donkey Republic">Donkey Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(company)" title="Bolt (company)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekola" title="Rekola">Rekola</a> (Czechia and Slovakia)</li></ul> <ul><li>countrywide: <a href="/wiki/Call_a_Bike" title="Call a Bike">Call a Bike</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OV-fiets" title="OV-fiets">OV-fiets</a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_(company)" title="Beryl (company)">Beryl Bikes</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> <ul><li>in one city: <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_City_Bikes" title="Aarhus City Bikes">Aarhus City Bikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast_Bikes" title="Belfast Bikes">Belfast Bikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BicikeLJ" title="BicikeLJ">BicikeLJ</a> (Ljubljana)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BiciMAD" title="BiciMAD">BiciMAD</a> (Madrid)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicimia (page does not exist)">Bicimia</a> (Brescia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicing" title="Bicing">Bicing</a> (Barcelona)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BikeMi" title="BikeMi">BikeMi</a> (Milan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BuBi" class="mw-redirect" title="BuBi">BuBi</a> (Budapest)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bycyklen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bycyklen">Bycyklen</a> (Copenhagen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublinbikes" title="Dublinbikes">Dublinbikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_City_Bikes" title="Helsinki City Bikes">Helsinki City Bikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_(bicycle-sharing_system)" title="Forest (bicycle-sharing system)">Forest (bike share)</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0sbike" title="İsbike">İsbike</a> (Istanbul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_Bysykkel" title="Oslo Bysykkel">Oslo Bysykkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santander_Cycles" title="Santander Cycles">Santander Cycles</a> (London)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevici" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevici">Sevici</a> (Seville)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_City_Bikes" title="Stockholm City Bikes">Stockholm City Bikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styr_%26_St%C3%A4ll" title="Styr & Ställ">Styr & Ställ</a> (Gothenburg)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valenbisi" title="Valenbisi">Valenbisi</a> (Valencia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lib%27_M%C3%A9tropole" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélib' Métropole">Vélib' Métropole</a> (Paris region)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9livert" title="Vélivert">Vélivert</a> (Saint-Étienne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lo%27v" title="Vélo'v">Vélo'v</a> (Lyon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velobike" title="Velobike">Velobike</a> (Moscow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lopop%27" title="Vélopop'">Vélopop'</a> (Avignon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veturilo" title="Veturilo">Veturilo</a> (Warsaw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villo!" title="Villo!">Villo!</a> (Brussels)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Share_Toronto" title="Bike Share Toronto">Bike Share Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIXI_Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="BIXI Montréal">BIXI Montréal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VeloGo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VeloGo (page does not exist)">VeloGo</a> (Ottawa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobi_(bike_share)" title="Mobi (bike share)">Mobi</a> (Vancouver)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Bike_Share" title="Hamilton Bike Share">Hamilton Bike Share</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EcoBici_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="EcoBici (Mexico City)">EcoBici</a> (Mexico City)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi_Bici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mi Bici (page does not exist)">Mi Bici</a> (Guadalajara)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B-Cycle: <a href="/wiki/Austin_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin B-Cycle">Austin B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aventura_B-Cycle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aventura B-Cycle (page does not exist)">Aventura B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Creek B-Cycle">Battle Creek B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Chattanooga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bike Chattanooga">Bike Chattanooga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder B-Cycle">Boulder B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broward_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Broward B-Cycle">Broward B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bublr_Bikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bublr Bikes">Bublr Bikes</a> (Milwaukee)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte B-Cycle">Charlotte B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_County_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia County B-Cycle">Columbia County B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver B-Cycle">Denver B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Des Moines B-Cycle">Des Moines B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth B-Cycle">Fort Worth B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rides_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Rides B-Cycle">Great Rides B-Cycle</a> (Fargo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GREENbike" class="mw-redirect" title="GREENbike">GREENbike</a> (Salt Lake City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenville B-Cycle">Greenville B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Heartland B-Cycle">Heartland B-Cycle</a> (Omaha)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_B-cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston B-cycle">Houston B-cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indego" title="Indego">Indego</a> (Philadelphia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Pacers_Bikeshare" title="Indiana Pacers Bikeshare">Indiana Pacers Bikeshare</a> (Indianapolis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City B-Cycle">Kansas City B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Dayton_Bike_Share" class="mw-redirect" title="Link Dayton Bike Share">Link Dayton Bike Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison B-Cycle">Madison B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Bike_Share" title="Metro Bike Share">Metro Bike Share</a> (Los Angeles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville B-Cycle">Nashville B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapid City B-Cycle">Rapid City B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Bike" title="Red Bike">Red Bike</a> (Cincinnati)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseburg_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Roseburg B-Cycle">Roseburg B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_B-Cycle" title="San Antonio B-Cycle">San Antonio B-Cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartanburg_B-Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartanburg B-Cycle">Spartanburg B-Cycle</a></li></ul> <ul><li>others: <a href="/wiki/ArborBike" class="mw-redirect" title="ArborBike">ArborBike</a> (Ann Arbor)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arcata_Bike_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arcata Bike Library (page does not exist)">Arcata Bike Library</a> (Arcata)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Wheels" title="Bay Wheels">Bay Wheels</a> (San Francisco Bay Area)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BICI_Bike_Share&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BICI Bike Share (page does not exist)">BICI Bike Share</a> (Albuquerque)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biketown" title="Biketown">Biketown</a> (Portland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluebikes" title="Bluebikes">Bluebikes</a> (Boston)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boise_GreenBike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boise GreenBike (page does not exist)">Boise GreenBike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Bikeshare" title="Capital Bikeshare">Capital Bikeshare</a> (Washington, D.C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAT_Bike" class="mw-redirect" title="CAT Bike">CAT Bike</a> (Savannah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citi_Bike" title="Citi Bike">Citi Bike</a> (New York City; Jersey City)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoGo_Bike_Share" class="mw-redirect" title="CoGo Bike Share">CoGo Bike Share</a> (Columbus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citi_Bike_Miami" title="Citi Bike Miami">Citi Bike Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divvy" title="Divvy">Divvy</a> (Chicago)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_Ride" title="Healthy Ride">Healthy Ride</a> (Pittsburgh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relay_Bike_Share" title="Relay Bike Share">Relay Bike Share</a> (Atlanta)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richmond_Bikeshare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richmond Bikeshare (page does not exist)">Richmond Bikeshare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=WE-cycle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WE-cycle (page does not exist)">WE-cycle</a> (Aspen)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Airbike_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Airbike (company) (page does not exist)">Airbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a> (Australia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Rio" title="Bike Rio">Bike Rio</a> (Rio de Janeiro)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a> (Santiago de Chile)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EcoBici_(Buenos_Aires)" title="EcoBici (Buenos Aires)">EcoBici</a> (Buenos Aires)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BCycle" title="BCycle">BCycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(company)" title="Bolt (company)">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bahn" title="Deutsche Bahn">Deutsche Bahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_Republic" title="Donkey Republic">Donkey Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JCDecaux" title="JCDecaux">JCDecaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motivate_(company)" title="Motivate (company)">Motivate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Spoorwegen" title="Nederlandse Spoorwegen">Nederlandse Spoorwegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextbike" title="Nextbike">Nextbike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyft_Urban_Solutions" title="Lyft Urban Solutions">Lyft Urban Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekola" title="Rekola">Rekola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoot_Networks" title="Scoot Networks">Scoot Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serco" title="Serco">Serco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteen_(company)" title="Fifteen (company)">Fifteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(company)" title="Spin (company)">Spin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8D_Technologies" title="8D Technologies">8D Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Bike_Share" title="Baltimore Bike Share">Baltimore Bike Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluegogo" title="Bluegogo">Bluegogo</a></li> <li>BIP! Perpignan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CityCycle" class="mw-redirect" title="CityCycle">CityCycle</a> (Brisbane)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_City_Bikes" title="Copenhagen City Bikes">Copenhagen City Bikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_City_Bikes" title="Helsinki City Bikes">Helsinki City Bikes</a> <small>(1st generation)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jump_Bikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jump Bikes">Jump Bikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Bike_Share" title="Melbourne Bike Share">Melbourne Bike Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nice_Ride_Minnesota" title="Nice Ride Minnesota">Nice Ride Minnesota</a> (Minneapolis-Saint Paul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OBike" title="OBike">oBike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofo">ofo</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ola_Pedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ola Pedal">Ola Pedal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OYBike" title="OYBike">OYBike</a> (Reading and Farnborough)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronto_Cycle_Share" title="Pronto Cycle Share">Pronto Cycle Share</a></li> <li>Santander Cycles Leicester</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartBike_DC" title="SmartBike DC">SmartBike DC</a></li> <li>SMARTBIKE Puebla</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ToBike" title="ToBike">ToBike</a> (Turin)</li> <li>Vélo à la carte Rennes</li> <li>Velodi Dijon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lib%27" title="Vélib'">Vélib'</a> <small>(1st generation)</small></li> <li>V'eol Caen</li> <li>Velcom Plaine Commune</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wukong_Bicycle" title="Wukong Bicycle">Wukong Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagster" title="Zagster">Zagster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cycling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cycling" title="Template:Cycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cycling" title="Template talk:Cycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary</a></li> <li>Outlines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">Cycling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General and technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_culture" title="Bicycle culture">Bicycle culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_dynamics" title="Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics">Bicycle dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_geometry" title="Bicycle and motorcycle geometry">Bicycle geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_performance" title="Bicycle performance">Bicycle performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_bicycle" title="History of the bicycle">History of the bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cycling_infrastructure" title="History of cycling infrastructure">History of cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utility and slow<br /> recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">Bicycle commuting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_messenger" title="Bicycle messenger">Bicycle messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rental" title="Bike rental">Bicycle rental/hire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bicycle-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_riding" title="Challenge riding">Challenge riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cycling" title="Indoor cycling">Indoor cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">Rail trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randonneuring" title="Randonneuring">Randonneuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_cycling" title="Road cycling">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports-related cycling and<br /> fast-paced recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_cycling" title="Artistic cycling">Artistic cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_cycling" title="Cross-country cycling">Cross-country cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_speedway" title="Cycle speedway">Cycle speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycle sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross" title="Cyclo-cross">Cyclo-cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosportive" title="Cyclosportive">Cyclosportive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeride_(mountain_biking)" title="Freeride (mountain biking)">Freeride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsprint" title="Goldsprint">Goldsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_cycling" title="Gravel cycling">Gravel cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_trials" title="Mountain bike trials">Trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_track" title="Pump track">Pump track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road bicycle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_trials" title="Unicycle trials">Unicycle trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health, safety and<br /> infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_mobility" title="Active mobility">Active mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_law" title="Bicycle law">Bicycle law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking" title="Bicycle parking">Bicycle parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_poverty_reduction" title="Bicycle poverty reduction">Bicycle poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">Bicycle rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety" title="Bicycle safety">Bicycle safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation planning and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rage" title="Bike rage">Bike rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_registry" title="Bike registry">Bike registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike-to-Work Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Week_(cycling)" title="Bike Week (cycling)">Bike Week (Bicycle Week)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_advocacy" title="Cycling advocacy">Cycling advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_signals" title="Hand signals">Hand signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_stop" title="Idaho stop">Idaho stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_splitting" title="Lane splitting">Lane splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegelijk_groen" title="Tegelijk groen">Tegelijk groen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_collecting" title="Bicycle collecting">Bicycle collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_kit" title="Cycling kit">Cycling kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentacycle" title="Pentacycle">Pentacycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_types" title="List of bicycle types">List of bicycle types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_brands_and_manufacturing_companies" title="List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies">List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMX_bicycle_manufacturers" title="List of BMX bicycle manufacturers">List of BMX bicycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyclists" title="List of cyclists">List of cyclists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_bicycles_and_cycling" title="List of films about bicycles and cycling">List of films about bicycles and cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doping_cases_in_cycling" title="List of doping cases in cycling">List of doping cases in cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cycling" title="Category:Cycling">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Utility_cycling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Utility_cycling" title="Template:Utility cycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Utility_cycling" title="Template talk:Utility cycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Utility_cycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Utility cycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Utility_cycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility</a> <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_cycling" title="Road cycling">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">Bicycle commuting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_trailer" title="Bicycle trailer">Bicycle trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_sharing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle sharing system">Bike sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_cooperative" title="Bicycle cooperative">Bicycle cooperative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cycling_infrastructure" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cycling_Infrastructure" title="Template:Cycling Infrastructure"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cycling_Infrastructure" title="Template talk:Cycling Infrastructure"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling_Infrastructure" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling Infrastructure"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cycling_infrastructure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In-roadway bikeways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Separated in-roadway bikeways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">Bike lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_lane_marking" title="Shared lane marking">Shared lane marking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physically separated in-roadway bikeways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_track" title="Cycle track">Cycle track</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shared in-roadway bikeways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bike_lane" title="Bike lane">Bike lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_segregation" title="Light segregation">Light segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_boulevard" title="Bicycle boulevard">Bicycle boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_bus_and_cycle_lane" title="Shared bus and cycle lane">Shared bus and cycle lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycles_May_Use_Full_Lane" title="Bicycles May Use Full Lane">Bicycles May Use Full Lane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Right-of-way paths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bike_path" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">Bike path</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_boulevard" title="Bicycle boulevard">Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared-use_path" title="Shared-use path">Shared-use path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_highway" title="Bicycle highway">Bicycle highway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lift" title="Bicycle lift">Bicycle lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_stairway" title="Bicycle stairway">Bicycle stairway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_tunnel" title="Cycling tunnel">Bicycle tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health, safety and<br /> infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_mobility" title="Active mobility">Active mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_law" title="Bicycle law">Bicycle law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Master_Plan" title="Bicycle Master Plan">Bicycle Master Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking" title="Bicycle parking">Bicycle parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_poverty_reduction" title="Bicycle poverty reduction">Bicycle poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">Bicycle rodeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety" title="Bicycle safety">Bicycle safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation planning and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rage" title="Bike rage">Bike rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_registry" title="Bike registry">Bike registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike-to-Work Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Week_(cycling)" title="Bike Week (cycling)">Bike Week (cycling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_advocacy" title="Cycling advocacy">Cycling advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_signals" title="Hand signals">Hand signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_turn" title="Hook turn">Hook turn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_stop" title="Idaho stop">Idaho stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_splitting" title="Lane splitting">Lane splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_diet" title="Road diet">Road diet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design guidelines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">AASHTO</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_City_Transportation_Officials" title="National Association of City Transportation Officials">NACTO</a> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CROW_Design_Manual_for_Bicycle_Traffic" title="CROW Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic">CROW Design Manual for Bicycle Traffic </a> (Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_for_Streets" title="Manual for Streets">Manual for Streets</a> (England and Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a> (US)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cycling" title="Category:Cycling">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_transport" title="Template:Public transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_transport" title="Template talk:Public transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Bus service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buses" title="List of buses">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Trackless Tram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">Intercity bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_top_bus" title="Open top bus">Open top bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_replacement_bus_service" title="Rail replacement bus service">Rail replacement bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi/Taxibus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail_terminology" title="Passenger rail terminology">Passenger rail terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">Elevated railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_streetcar" title="Heritage streetcar">Heritage streetcar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-speed_rail" title="Higher-speed rail">Higher-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow-gauge railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro/Rapid Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medium-capacity_rail_system" title="Medium-capacity rail system">Medium-capacity rail system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber-tyred_metro" title="Rubber-tyred metro">Rubber-tyred metro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">Suspension railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles<br /> for hire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boda_boda" title="Boda boda">Boda boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_bus" title="Combination bus">Combination bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand-responsive_transport" title="Demand-responsive transport">Demand-responsive transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microtransit" title="Microtransit">Microtransit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar van">Dollar van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmu%C5%9F" title="Dolmuş">Dolmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanny_van" title="Nanny van">Nanny van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songthaew" title="Songthaew">Songthaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Tuk tuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_jockey" title="Car jockey">Car jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible carpooling">Flexible carpooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Real-time ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugging" title="Slugging">Slugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanpool" title="Vanpool">Vanpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">Gondola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">Vaporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">Cable railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">Gondola lift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicable_gondola_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicable gondola lift">bicable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricable_gondola_lift" title="Tricable gondola lift">tricable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bicycle-sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">Escalator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_walkway" title="Moving walkway">Moving walkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotaxi" title="Robotaxi">Robotaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shweeb" title="Shweeb">Shweeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope_car" title="Slope car">Slope car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bulb" title="Bus bulb">Bus bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_garage" title="Bus garage">Bus garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">Bus lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stand" title="Bus stand">Bus stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_station" title="Bus station">Bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">Bus stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_turnout" title="Bus turnout">Bus turnout (bus bay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_dock" title="Dry dock">Dry dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">Ferry terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">Hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layover" title="Layover">Layover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_station" title="Metro station">Metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">Park and ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_jump" title="Queue jump">Queue jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxicab stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Train station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop">Tram stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_mall" title="Transit mall">Transit mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">Ticketing</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Fare" title="Fare">fares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_fare_collection" title="Automated fare collection">Automated fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Bus advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_fare" title="Exit fare">Exit fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_avoidance" title="Fare avoidance">Fare avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_capping" title="Fare capping">Fare capping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_evasion" title="Fare evasion">Fare evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_travel_pass" title="Free travel pass">Free travel pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">Integrated ticketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_fare_collection" title="Manual fare collection">Manual fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_train" title="Money train">Money train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paid_area" title="Paid area">Paid area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_fare" title="Penalty fare">Penalty fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">Proof-of-payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_fare_program" title="Reduced fare program">Reduced fare program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(public_transit)" title="Transfer (public transit)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">Transit pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Routing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_route" title="Circle route">Circle route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-city_route" title="Cross-city route">Cross-city route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_length_(transport)" title="Network length (transport)">Network length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_track" title="Non-revenue track">Non-revenue track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_route" title="Radial route">Radial route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_network_analysis" title="Transport network analysis">Transport network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_class_commuter_transport_services" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first class commuter transport services">First class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_passenger" title="Standing passenger">Standing passenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheduling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bunching" title="Bus bunching">Bus bunching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock-face_scheduling" title="Clock-face scheduling">Clock-face scheduling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headway" title="Headway">Headway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_service_(public_transport)" title="Night service (public transport)">Night (owl) service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-time_performance" title="On-time performance">On-time performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_turn" title="Short turn">Short turn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">Green transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farebox_recovery_ratio" title="Farebox recovery ratio">Farebox recovery ratio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_security" title="Public transport security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_district" title="Transit district">Transit district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_authority" title="Transportation authority">Transportation authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_demand_management" title="Transportation demand management">Transportation demand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">Transportation planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">Transit-oriented development (TOD)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology<br /> and signage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">Destination sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">Passenger information system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_display" title="Platform display">Platform display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_transport_smart_cards" title="List of public transport smart cards">Smart cards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIPURSE" title="CIPURSE">CIPURSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(electronic_ticketing_system)" title="Calypso (electronic ticketing system)">Calypso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_machine" title="Ticket machine">Ticket machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_map" title="Transit map">Transit map</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit_creep" title="Bus rapid transit creep">Bus rapid transit creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crush_load" title="Crush load">Crush load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwell_time_(transportation)" title="Dwell time (transportation)">Dwell time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_and_ride" title="Hail and ride">Hail and ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_transport" title="Land transport">Land transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transport" title="Outline of transport">Outline of transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_load_factor" title="Passenger load factor">Passenger load factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">Public good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Request_stop" 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