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<li id="toc-Foundation_and_early_years_(1999–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_and_early_years_(1999–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation and early years (1999–2006)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_and_early_years_(1999–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_(2006–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_(2006–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Government (2006–2010)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_(2006–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_(2010–2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_(2010–2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Opposition (2010–2012)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_(2010–2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_(2012–2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_(2012–2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Government (2012–2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_(2012–2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_(2020–2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_(2020–2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Opposition (2020–2023)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_(2020–2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_(2023–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_(2023–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Government (2023–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_(2023–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Legal reforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology_and_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology_and_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ideology and policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ideology and policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ideology_and_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Economic policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Foreign policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>European affiliation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Social policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communist_nostalgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communist_nostalgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Communist nostalgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communist_nostalgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legal issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Election results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Election results subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Election_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Council" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Council"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>National Council</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Council-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Direction – Social Democracy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Курс — сацыяльная дэмакратыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Курс — сацыяльная дэмакратыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Курс — сацыяльная дэмакратыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Курс — сацыяльная дэмакратыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%E2%80%93_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Посока – социална демокрация – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Посока – социална демокрация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3_%E2%80%93_Socialdemocr%C3%A0cia" title="Direcció – Socialdemocràcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Direcció – Socialdemocràcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMER_%E2%80%93_soci%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="SMER – sociálna demokracia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SMER – sociálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smer_%E2%80%93_Soci%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="Smer – Sociálna demokracia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Smer – Sociálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smer_%E2%80%93_slovensk%C3%A1_soci%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="Smer – slovenská sociálna demokracia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Smer – slovenská sociálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%8D%CE%B8%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%83%CE%B7_%E2%80%93_%CE%A3%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κατεύθυνση – Σλοβακική Σοσιαλδημοκρατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατεύθυνση – Σλοβακική Σοσιαλδημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3n-Socialdemocracia" title="Dirección-Socialdemocracia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dirección-Socialdemocracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMER_%E2%80%93_social-d%C3%A9mocratie" title="SMER – social-démocratie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SMER – social-démocratie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%ED%96%A5-%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="방향-사회민주주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방향-사회민주주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smer_%E2%80%93_Demokrasi_Sosial" title="Smer – Demokrasi Sosial – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Smer – Demokrasi Sosial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direzione_-_Socialdemocrazia" title="Direzione - Socialdemocrazia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Direzione - Socialdemocrazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakijos_Kryptis_%E2%80%93_socialin%C4%97_demokratija" title="Slovakijos Kryptis – socialinė demokratija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Slovakijos Kryptis – socialinė demokratija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A1ny_%E2%80%93_Szoci%C3%A1ldemokr%C3%A1cia" title="Irány – Szociáldemokrácia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Irány – Szociáldemokrácia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smer_%E2%80%93_soci%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="Smer – sociálna demokracia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Smer – sociálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMER_-_soci%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="SMER - sociálna demokracia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SMER - sociálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91%E3%83%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="方向・社会民主主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="方向・社会民主主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smer_%E2%80%93_soci%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="Smer – sociálna demokracia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Smer – sociálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kierunek_%E2%80%93_Socjalna_Demokracja" title="Kierunek – Socjalna Demokracja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kierunek – Socjalna Demokracja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dire%C3%A7%C3%A3o_-_Social-Democracia" title="Direção - Social-Democracia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Direção - Social-Democracia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direc%C8%9Bia_-_Social_Democra%C8%9Bia" title="Direcția - Social Democrația – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Direcția - Social Democrația" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81_%E2%80%94_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Курс — социальная демократия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Курс — социальная демократия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMER_%E2%80%93_soci%C3%A1lna_demokracia" title="SMER – sociálna demokracia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="SMER – sociálna demokracia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #d82222; border-bottom:2px solid #d82222; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Direction – Social Democracy</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="sk">Smer – sociálna demokracia</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Direction_%E2%80%93_Slovak_Social_Democracy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Logo_of_the_Direction_%E2%80%93_Slovak_Social_Democracy.svg/150px-Logo_of_the_Direction_%E2%80%93_Slovak_Social_Democracy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Logo_of_the_Direction_%E2%80%93_Slovak_Social_Democracy.svg/225px-Logo_of_the_Direction_%E2%80%93_Slovak_Social_Democracy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8b/Logo_of_the_Direction_%E2%80%93_Slovak_Social_Democracy.svg/300px-Logo_of_the_Direction_%E2%80%93_Slovak_Social_Democracy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">Smer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><i>See list</i></span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C4%BDubo%C5%A1_Blaha" title="Ľuboš Blaha">Ľuboš Blaha</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Juraj_Blan%C3%A1r" title="Juraj Blanár">Juraj Blanár</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Kali%C5%88%C3%A1k" title="Erik Kaliňák">Erik Kaliňák</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ladislav_Kamenick%C3%BD" title="Ladislav Kamenický">Ladislav Kamenický</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Tak%C3%A1%C4%8D" title="Richard Takáč">Richard Takáč</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">General Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Marián Saloň</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Robert Fico</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">8 November 1999<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1999-11-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Left_(Slovakia)" title="Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia)">Party of the Democratic Left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Súmračná 3263/25, 82102 <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Young_Social_Democrats_(Slovakia)" title="Young Social Democrats (Slovakia)">Young Social Democrats</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13,095<sup id="cite_ref-vs2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vs2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-socdem_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-socdem-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ln2023_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ln2023-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social conservatism</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Soft Euroscepticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophilia</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-cenlef_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cenlef-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-lefw_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lefw-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> (suspended)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d82222; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959" /><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#30314D; color:white;border:1px solid silver;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Navy_blue" title="Navy blue">Navy blue</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Stability, order and social security</i> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Slovak_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of the Slovak Republic">National Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">42 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Slovakia" title="Regions of Slovakia">Regional governors</a><sup id="cite_ref-volbysr_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volbysr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 8</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Slovakia" title="Regions of Slovakia">Regional deputies</a><sup id="cite_ref-coalitions_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coalitions-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-volbysr_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volbysr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 419</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayors</a><sup id="cite_ref-coalitions_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coalitions-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-volbysr_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volbysr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">516 / 2,904</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Local councillors</a><sup id="cite_ref-coalitions_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coalitions-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-volbysr_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-volbysr-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2,364 / 20,462</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://strana-smer.sk">strana-smer<wbr />.sk</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #d82222;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovakia" title="Politics of Slovakia">Politics of Slovakia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Slovakia" title="List of political parties in Slovakia">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Slovakia" title="Elections in Slovakia">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Direction – Social Democracy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Smer – sociálna demokracia</i>, <b>Smer–SD</b>), also commonly referred to as <b>Smer</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">left-wing nationalist</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">left-wing populist</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_party_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Political party in Slovakia">political party in Slovakia</a> led by the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmidhttps://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/892314/v-smere-vym_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmidhttps://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/892314/v-smere-vym-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party identifies as <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a>, and was described as a combination of "leftist economics and nationalist appeal".<sup id="cite_ref-gulta_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulta-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded by Fico in 1999 as a split from the <a href="/wiki/Post-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-communist">post-communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Left_(Slovakia)" title="Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia)">Party of the Democratic Left</a>, Smer initially defined itself as the <a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a> party.<sup id="cite_ref-HN122009_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HN122009-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It adopted the epithet <i>Social Democracy</i> after merging with several minor centre-left parties in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-SME122004_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SME122004-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has dominated <a href="/wiki/Slovak_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak politics">Slovak politics</a> since 2006, leading three coalition governments (<a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_First_Cabinet" title="Fico's First Cabinet">2006–2010</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Third_Cabinet" title="Fico's Third Cabinet">2016–2020</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Fourth_Cabinet" title="Fico's Fourth Cabinet">2023–present</a>) and one single-party government (<a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Second_Cabinet" title="Fico's Second Cabinet">2012–2016</a>). During its rule in charge it continued the European integration of Slovakia, lifted some <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic-liberal</a> reforms of the previous <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> governments and introduced various <a href="/wiki/Welfare_spending" title="Welfare spending">social welfare</a> measures.<sup id="cite_ref-Denník_N022020_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denník_N022020-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smer-led populist governments have been associated with numerous <a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">political corruption</a> scandals, and have been accused by opponents to have resulted in a deterioration of the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a> in Slovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2020_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Slovak parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a> (Smer's return to the opposition), Slovak authorities investigated a number of corruption-related crimes involving multiple Smer politicians and individuals reportedly linked to the party, with a total of 42 of them being convicted.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the party congress in July 2020, following a major internal split (which resulted in the founding of a new party named <a href="/wiki/Voice_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Voice – Social Democracy">Voice – Social Democracy</a>, also known as Hlas–SD), Fico announced a shift to "the rustic social democracy that perceives the specifics of Slovak reality".<sup id="cite_ref-Denník_N072020_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denník_N072020-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Postoj072020_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Postoj072020-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-2020 Smer holds stances that have been described as <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russophilic">Russophilic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party is considered an example of a left-authoritarian party - a left-wing party with socially conservative stances.<sup id="cite_ref-lsei_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lsei-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2023_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Slovak parliamentary election">2023</a>, Smer won the parliamentary election with 23% of the vote and 42 seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">National Council</a> and subsequently formed the <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Fourth_Cabinet" title="Fico's Fourth Cabinet">Fourth cabinet of Robert Fico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_years_(1999–2006)"><span id="Foundation_and_early_years_.281999.E2.80.932006.29"></span>Foundation and early years (1999–2006)</h3></div> <p>Originally named <b>Direction</b> (<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Smer</i>), the party was founded on 8 November 1999, emerging as a breakaway from the <a href="/wiki/Post-Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Communist">post-Communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Left_(Slovakia)" title="Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia)">Party of the Democratic Left</a> (SDĽ), the successor of the original <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovakia_(1939)" title="Communist Party of Slovakia (1939)">Communist Party of Slovakia</a> and the governing party from 1998 to 2002. Under <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a>, at the time one of the most popular politicians in the country, it quickly became one of the most popular parties in Slovakia, while the SDĽ experienced a constant decrease within popularity. In the <a href="/wiki/2002_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2002 Slovak parliamentary election">2002 Slovak parliamentary election</a>, its first formal election period, it became the third-largest party in the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Slovak_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council of the Slovak Republic">National Council of the Slovak Republic</a>, with 25 of 150 seats. In 2003, it changed its formal name to <b>Direction (Third Way)</b> (<a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Smer (tretia cesta)</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Civic_Understanding" title="Party of Civic Understanding">Party of Civic Understanding</a> merged into the party. </p><p>In 2005, the party absorbed the SDĽ and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Alternative" title="Social Democratic Alternative">Social Democratic Alternative</a>, a small social democratic party that split from the original SDĽ somewhat later than Direction did, in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Slovakia" title="Social Democratic Party of Slovakia">Social Democratic Party of Slovakia</a>. Founded in 1990, the party became known for the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a>, and Direction adopted the epithet Social Democracy. Following the party's victory in 2006, Smer entered into a coalition with the nationalist <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">Slovak National Party</a> (SNS) and was readmitted into the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> (PES) in 2008. It later formed another coalition with the SNS in 2016. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_(2006–2010)"><span id="Government_.282006.E2.80.932010.29"></span>Government (2006–2010)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_First_Cabinet" title="Fico's First Cabinet">Fico's First Cabinet</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Slovak parliamentary election">2006 Slovak parliamentary election</a>, the party won 29.1% of the popular vote and 50 of 150 seats. Following that election, Smer formed a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> with the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_a_Democratic_Slovakia" title="People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia">People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia</a> (HZDS) and the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">Slovak National Party</a> (SNS),<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an extremist nationalist party.<sup id="cite_ref-Barany_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barany-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mudde_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mudde-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coalition was described as "anti-market left" and "Slovak national", given its socioeconomically left-wing but also nationalist policies.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 October 2006, the party was temporarily suspended from membership in the PES.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resolution to suspend the party referred specifically to the PES Declaration "For a modern, pluralist and tolerant Europe", adopted in Berlin by the PES congress in 2001, which states that "all PES parties adhere to the following principles ... [and] to refrain from any form of political alliance or co-operation at all levels with any political party which incites or attempts to stir up racial or ethnic prejudices and racial hatred." In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Slovak_Spectator" title="The Slovak Spectator">The Slovak Spectator</a></i>, the PES chairman <a href="/wiki/Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen" title="Poul Nyrup Rasmussen">Poul Nyrup Rasmussen</a> commented: "Most of our members stood solidly behind our values, according to which forming a coalition with the extreme right is unacceptable."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was readmitted on 14 February 2008 after its chairman Fico and SNS leader <a href="/wiki/Jan_Slota" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Slota">Jan Slota</a> pledged in a letter to respect European values, human rights, and all ethnic minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_(2010–2012)"><span id="Opposition_.282010.E2.80.932012.29"></span>Opposition (2010–2012)</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMER_%E2%80%93_socialna_demokracia_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SMER_%E2%80%93_socialna_demokracia_Logo.svg/200px-SMER_%E2%80%93_socialna_demokracia_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SMER_%E2%80%93_socialna_demokracia_Logo.svg/300px-SMER_%E2%80%93_socialna_demokracia_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/SMER_%E2%80%93_socialna_demokracia_Logo.svg/400px-SMER_%E2%80%93_socialna_demokracia_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Party logo, 2005–2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the party won the most votes in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Slovak parliamentary election">2010 Slovak parliamentary election</a>, with a lead of 20% over the second-place <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Democratic_and_Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Democratic_Party" title="Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party">Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party</a> (SDKÚ),<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they had not been able to form a government because of losses sustained by their coalition partners. Their result, 34.8%, gave them 62 of 150 seats in the National Council, but the HZDS failed to cross the 5% threshold, losing all their seats, and the SNS was reduced to nine seats. The four opposition centre-right parties (the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Movement" title="Christian Democratic Movement">Christian Democratic Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Solidarity" title="Freedom and Solidarity">Freedom and Solidarity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Most%E2%80%93H%C3%ADd" title="Most–Híd">Bridge</a>, and SDKÚ) were able to form a new government.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_(2012–2020)"><span id="Government_.282012.E2.80.932020.29"></span>Government (2012–2020)</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMER-SD_logo_2020.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/SMER-SD_logo_2020.png/200px-SMER-SD_logo_2020.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/SMER-SD_logo_2020.png/300px-SMER-SD_logo_2020.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/SMER-SD_logo_2020.png/400px-SMER-SD_logo_2020.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>Party logo, 2019–2021</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2012_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Slovak parliamentary election">2012 Slovak parliamentary election</a>, Smer won 44.4% of the votes and became the largest party in the National Council, with an absolute majority of 83 seats (out of 150).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Second_Cabinet" title="Fico's Second Cabinet">Fico's Second Cabinet</a> was the first single-party government in Slovakia since 1993. In the <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovakia">2014 European Parliament election in Slovakia</a>, Smer came in first place nationally, receiving 24.09% of the vote and electing four <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of the European Parliament">Members of the European Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite suffering a significant loss in support as a result of strikes by teachers and nurses earlier in the year,<sup id="cite_ref-politico_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smer won the <a href="/wiki/2016_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Slovak parliamentary election">5 March 2016 parliamentary election</a> with 28.3% of the vote and 49 of 150 seats, and subsequently formed <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Third_Cabinet" title="Fico's Third Cabinet">Fico's Third Cabinet</a> in a coalition government with Bridge, <a href="/wiki/Network_(Slovak_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Network (Slovak party)">Network</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">Slovak National Party</a>. Prime Minister Fico resigned in the wake of the political crisis following the murder of Ján Kuciak and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a>, with the same majority. However, Fico remained leader of Smer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_(2020–2023)"><span id="Opposition_.282020.E2.80.932023.29"></span>Opposition (2020–2023)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Special:EditPage/Direction – Social Democracy">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The party managed to score 18.29% in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Slovak parliamentary election">2020 Slovak parliamentary election</a>, which was 2 to 3 percent more than the latest polls showed, but it was still a decrease of 10% compared to previous elections. The party occupied 38 seats in parliament. Pellegrini, the chairman of the Fico parliamentary group, became the vice-chairman of the National Council for the Opposition on the basis of post-election negotiations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In May 2020, two deputies for Smer (<a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Podmanick%C3%BD" title="Ján Podmanický">Ján Podmanický</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mari%C3%A1n_K%C3%A9ry" title="Marián Kéry">Marián Kéry</a>) founded a value policy platform with deputies from KDŽP, elected as a candidate of the <a href="/wiki/Kotlebists_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia</a>. Because of this, Pellegrini sharply criticized them, while Fico defended Podmanický. In May 2020, Podmanický also left the Smer parliamentary group after criticism from his own ranks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As early as April 2020, party vice-chairman Pellegrini announced his ambition to run for party chairman as Smer's most popular politician, winning 170,000 more votes than the chairman. Fico reacted strongly, saying that he did not intend to resign and wanted to remain at the head of the party, while Pellegrini gradually began to tighten his criticism of Fico and the party's situation. Pellegrini criticized the fact that the party's presidency had not met since the election and the date of the parliament was unknown. Pellegrini demanded that the assembly be held as soon as possible, while Fico insisted that the nomination assembly take place only at a ceremonial assembly in December 2020.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At a June 2020 press conference in Banská Bystrica, Pellegrini announced that he would resign as vice-chairman of Smer and leave the party in the near future. He also outlined the establishment of a new party, <a href="/wiki/Voice_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Voice – Social Democracy">Voice – Social Democracy</a> (Hlas–SD), which he said should be social democratic, but refuse to be liberal. Around that time, Fico had already offered Pellegrini the position of party chairman, provided that he maintained his influence in the party, an offer which was rejected by Pellegrini. In the first FOCUS survey, 21.4% of respondents said they would vote for the new Pellegrini party, while those saying they would vote for the original Smer remained at 9.6%. At a press conference one week following the announcement of Pellegrini's departure, another 10 deputies announced they would leave the party, including Vice-presidents <a href="/wiki/Peter_%C5%BDiga" title="Peter Žiga">Peter Žiga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ra%C5%A1i" title="Richard Raši">Richard Raši</a>, Bureau member <a href="/wiki/Denisa_Sakov%C3%A1" title="Denisa Saková">Denisa Saková</a> and long-standing deputies and party members. At the same time, together with Pellegrini, they announced the creation of a new social-democratic party at the press conference, which they would join. Political scientist Grigory Mesezhnikov postulated that after the departure of the Pellegrini group, the Smer could move further to the left into the spectrum of the radical to communist left.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_(2023–present)"><span id="Government_.282023.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Government (2023–present)</h3></div> <p>As Smer won the <a href="/wiki/2023_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Slovak parliamentary election">parliamentary election held on 30 September 2023</a> with 23% of the vote and 42 seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">National Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a>, the party's leader was given a mandate to form a government.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Fourth_Cabinet" title="Fico's Fourth Cabinet">Fourth cabinet of Robert Fico</a> comprising Smer, <a href="/wiki/Voice_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Voice – Social Democracy">Voice – Social Democracy</a> (Hlas–SD) and the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">Slovak National Party</a> (SNS) sworn in on 25 October 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h4></div> <p>Fico has promised to cut all aid to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Invasion of Ukraine">Russian Invasion of Ukraine</a>, and has promised to block Ukrainian accession to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> should the subject be broached under his tenure. Fico has also stated that the Ukrainian government is run by neo-Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-2023_elected_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2023_elected-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legal_reforms">Legal reforms</h4></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalinak,_Fico,_Reynders_and_Susko_in_November_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kalinak%2C_Fico%2C_Reynders_and_Susko_in_November_2023.jpg/220px-Kalinak%2C_Fico%2C_Reynders_and_Susko_in_November_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kalinak%2C_Fico%2C_Reynders_and_Susko_in_November_2023.jpg/330px-Kalinak%2C_Fico%2C_Reynders_and_Susko_in_November_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Kalinak%2C_Fico%2C_Reynders_and_Susko_in_November_2023.jpg/440px-Kalinak%2C_Fico%2C_Reynders_and_Susko_in_November_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5180" data-file-height="3453" /></a><figcaption>Meeting of the Slovak delegation with the European Commissioner for Justice Didier Reynders, 27 November 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>In December 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Fico%27s_Fourth_Cabinet" title="Fico's Fourth Cabinet">Fourth Cabinet of Robert Fico</a> introduced an amendment to the Criminal Code. The government proposed that the bill be debated in a fast-track legislative procedure, arguing that the status quo leads to human rights violations. The amendment included scrapping the Special Prosecutor's Office dealing with high-level corruption and lowering penalties for financial crimes. The fast-track legislative procedure faced widespread criticism from the parliamentary opposition, <a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Zuzana_%C4%8Caputov%C3%A1" title="Zuzana Čaputová">Zuzana Čaputová</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> and non-governmental organizations, resulting in a weeks-long opposition parliamentary obstruction and a series of demonstrations.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics have raised questions about potential conflicts of interest within the government coalition. They have noted that various individuals with perceived affiliations to the government, alongside accused members of the coalition parties, including the bill's rapporteur, MP <a href="/wiki/Tibor_Ga%C5%A1par" title="Tibor Gašpar">Tibor Gašpar</a> of Smer, could be directly affected by the proposed lowering of penalties. Additionally, their cases are overseen by the Special Prosecutor's Office, which the amendment would abolish. The coalition government introduced the amendment, citing the need to shift towards a rehabilitative approach to justice, update the criminal code, and align with European Union standards. Proponent of the law, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Slovakia)" title="Ministry of Justice (Slovakia)">Ministry of Justice</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Susko" title="Boris Susko">Boris Susko</a> of Smer published the brochure 'Overview of Violations of the Principles of the Rule of Law in the Years 2020–2023.'<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amendment was finally approved by the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">National Council</a> on 8 February 2024. The final proposal also included a reduction of the statute of limitations in rape cases from 20 to 10 years, which again caused widespread criticism from the parliamentary opposition, President Zuzana Čaputová and non-governmental organizations. The government defended the reduction of the limitation period by motivating victims to report rape earlier, possibly allowing a return to the 20-year limitation period in the next amendment after the approval of the law.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Zuzana Čaputová signed the law on 16 February, verbally clearly expressing her opposition to its content. The President argued that by signing the law instead of vetoing it, she wants to create enough time for the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Slovakia" title="Constitutional Court of Slovakia">Constitutional Court</a> to decide on her submission challenging the constitutionality of the law. As of February 2024, the Constitutional Court is expected to make its decision following the publication of the law in the collection of laws by the Ministry of Justice.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology_and_policies">Ideology and policies</h2></div> <p>Direction – Social Democracy has been recognised as a <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a> party,<sup id="cite_ref-VK2010_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VK2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Popic2021_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Popic2021-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is considered a centre-left<sup id="cite_ref-cenlef_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cenlef-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a left-wing party.<sup id="cite_ref-lefw_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lefw-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, it has also been variously described as <a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">anti-establishment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-March2011_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March2011-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-StyczyńskaMeijer2024_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StyczyńskaMeijer2024-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> left-authoritarian,<sup id="cite_ref-lsei_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lsei-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-VK2010_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VK2010-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrist</a> populist,<sup id="cite_ref-Stanley2017_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stanley2017-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Social_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Social populist">social populist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Havlík2016_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Havlík2016-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing populist">left-wing populist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Sadurski2019_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sadurski2019-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/National_populism" class="mw-redirect" title="National populism">national populist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GyarfášováJupskås2012_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GyarfášováJupskås2012-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party has been recognised as diverging from the typical Western European social-democratic tradition due to its rejection of <a href="/wiki/Postmaterialism" title="Postmaterialism">postmaterial</a> values.<sup id="cite_ref-Zvada2023_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zvada2023-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slovak political scientists <a href="/wiki/Grigorij_Mese%C5%BEnikov" title="Grigorij Mesežnikov">Grigorij Mesežnikov</a> and <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%BEga_Gy%C3%A1rf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="sk:Oľga Gyárfášová">Oľga Gyárfášová</a> argue that Smer is a social-democratic party (thus matching its self-identification), but one with very strong nationalist and populist elements that also include aspects of social conservatism.<sup id="cite_ref-natpop_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natpop-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tim Haughton states that the party "conveys both a Slovak version of social democracy and a stronger national emphasis"; he also stressed that the party cannot be seen as right-wing or far-right, but rather as one that combines "leftist economics and nationalist appeal".<sup id="cite_ref-gulta_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulta-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_policy">Economic policy</h3></div> <p>Smer advocates economically left-wing policies.<sup id="cite_ref-gulta_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulta-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main economic proposals of the party focus on the establishment of a welfare state and supporting the poorest groups of Slovakia. Many of the party's socioeconomic policies, such as free travel for pensioners and pension increases are considered typically left-wing populist.<sup id="cite_ref-gulta_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gulta-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party also promotes redistributive policies, such as corporate tax increases and income tax hikes for the highest earners.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smer also adheres to <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a>; <a href="/wiki/Grigorij_Mese%C5%BEnikov" title="Grigorij Mesežnikov">Grigorij Mesežnikov</a> noted that "Smer openly subscribes to etatism as the foundation of its political profile and advocates government's strong role in a number of areas" and called its economic policy "etatist paternalism", while also arguing that the party also represents "socio-economic policies based on social-democratic values". Robert Fico, the leader of the party, argued that the government should be "the father of all citizens" and stated that a strong state is necessary to improve the socioeconomic conditions of Slovak citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-natpop_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natpop-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party presents its economic policies as being "social" and "pro-ordinary people", and its proposals also included the introduction of differential VAT rates, replacement of flat income tax rate with a progressive one that would tax the lower-income groups much less and reduction of excise duty on fuel oils. In regards to the Slovak healthcare system, the party advocated a ban of manipulation feels as well as a halt to the privatization of public health system. Smer also made pledges to cancel payment of tuition fees for regular university sutudents and establishing a dynamic minimum wage that would be fixed to the 60% of average salary. The party is highly critical of other slovak parties, accusing them of implementing "anti-social" policies that neglect the poor while benefitting the rich. Robert Fico argued that the neoliberal economic policy of the <a href="/wiki/Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_Dzurinda" title="Mikuláš Dzurinda">Mikuláš Dzurinda</a> threw Slovakia "back to the 1930s".<sup id="cite_ref-poppol_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poppol-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its economic rhetoric, SMER also frequently attacks monopolies, arguing that the increase in gas prices is caused by the "ruthless pricing policy of monopolies" that are "raking in exorbitant profits". The party is also critical of the banking industry, stating that Slovak banks tend to collect unfairly high service fees from their client; the party promoted itself as one willing to ban or limit the service fees of Slovak banks. In regards to Slovak banks, Robert Fico said: "The banks operating in Slovakia must realize that they operate on the territory of a sovereign state, which must use all available means to bring a pressure to bear on the banking sector." In response to criticism of his remarks, Fico also argued that the political opponents of Smer are "conveying the fears of international corporations and financial groups that literally govern this country and now they have understood that once our program is implemented, the gold rush in Slovakia will be over." This reveals a highly nationalist orientation of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-poppol_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-poppol-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy_2">Foreign policy</h3></div> <p>Smer holds <a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophilic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Eurosceptic</a> stances on foreign policy; however, it claims to support Slovakia's membership in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>. The party expresses strong <a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">anti-Western</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">anti-American sentiment</a>, often spreading <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in Russia">Russian propaganda</a> narratives.<sup id="cite_ref-Reuters0320232_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters0320232-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ČT0220232_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ČT0220232-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seznam0420232_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seznam0420232-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, Smer calls for an end to <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">military aid to Ukraine</a> as well as to <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_involving_Russia" title="Sanctions involving Russia">sanctions against Russia</a>. It interprets the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">proxy war</a> between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, with the latter "dealing with threats to its national interests". The party declares that the conflict was provoked in 2014 by "the extermination of citizens of Russian nationality by Ukrainian fascists".<sup id="cite_ref-Denník_N0220233_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denník_N0220233-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Trend0220232_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trend0220232-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Denník_N02202322_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denník_N02202322-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, since his return to power, Fico has taken a somewhat different line on Ukraine than during his election campaign. During a meeting with Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal" title="Denys Shmyhal">Denys Shmyhal</a> in January 2024, Fico promised not to block private Slovak arms companies from selling to Ukraine, not to block EU financial support for Ukraine, and to support the <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Ukraine to the European Union">accession of Ukraine to the European Union</a>. He described Slovakia's political differences with Ukraine as "minor" and claimed to support Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2000s, the party opposed the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan" title="War in Afghanistan">War in Afghanistan</a>, and organized the withdrawal of 110 Slovak soldiers that were deployed in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In its foreign policy manifesto, Smer calls for understanding with countries "with a form of government other than <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary democracy</a>", referring to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smer0420232_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smer0420232-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his premiership, party's leader <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> praised the political systems of both countries, describing the Slovak one as clumsy and uncompetitive in comparison.<sup id="cite_ref-HN1220172_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HN1220172-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Fico made an official state visit to the then leader of Libya, <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>, "discussing the fight against world imperialism" (citing Fico).<sup id="cite_ref-SME0220072_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SME0220072-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="European_affiliation">European affiliation</h4></div> <p>In October 2023, Smer was suspended from the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a> (PES) and the affiliated <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a> (S&D) European Parliament group., following its formation of a coalition government with the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">Slovak National Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 European Parliament election</a>, Smer unsuccessfully sought to rejoin the S&D group.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smer subsequently declined to join the <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a> group, stating that it would not join a non-leftist group.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, Smer began negotiations with two other parties in the <a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a>, the German <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Sahra_Wagenknecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht">Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht</a> and the Czech <a href="/wiki/Sta%C4%8Dilo!" title="Stačilo!">Stačilo!</a>, on establishing cooperation between left-wing conservative parties.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_policy">Social policy</h3></div> <p>SMER is considered an example of a left-conservative party.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It encompasses <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> and nationalist elements, such as "emphasising Slovak folk traditions, mythicalising the nation's history, offering open and pragmatic support from its chairman Robert Fico to the Catholic bishops, and rejecting the rights of non-heterosexual minorities".<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party holds socially conservative views on <a href="/wiki/Social_issue" title="Social issue">social issues</a> with a record of <a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBT_rhetoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-LGBT rhetoric">anti-LGBT</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201011_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201011-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201022_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201022-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">anti-Romani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201032_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201032-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201042_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201042-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201052_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201052-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201062_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201062-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">anti-immigration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexist</a> statements. It proclaims its strong <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_liberalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to liberalism">opposition to liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a>, advocating traditional <a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">family values</a> and running for the patriotic electorate.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201092_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201092-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère2010102_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère2010102-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Party's leading politicians spread <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">disinformation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theories</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Soros_conspiracy_theories" title="George Soros conspiracy theories">George Soros conspiracy theories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201072_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201072-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201082_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201082-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Slovakia">LGBT rights</a>, it calls for a constitutional ban on <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_civil_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Same-sex civil union">same-sex civil unions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">marriages</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_adoption" title="Same-sex adoption">adoptions</a>. It opposes the allocation of state subsidies to <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights organization">LGBT rights organizations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201042_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201042-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, 21 out of 27 Smer deputies in the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovakia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Council (Slovakia)">National Council</a> voted for a bill prohibiting the display of the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_flag" title="Rainbow flag">rainbow flags</a> on public buildings while the remaining 6 were absent.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201043_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201043-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201044_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201044-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a>, party's leader <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> stated that the government monitors every single <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslim</a> who is on the territory of the Slovak Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201045_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201045-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Fico declared that <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> has no place in Slovakia. He challenged <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> and called for the preservation of the country's traditions and identity.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201046_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201046-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, Fico called on <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political scientist</a> Jozef Lenč of the Muslim faith, commenting on Smer, not to work as a political scientist in a <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Slovakia">Christian country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201047_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201047-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Fico expressed his sympathy for the Member of the National Council of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazi</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" title="People's Party Our Slovakia">People's Party Our Slovakia</a> <a href="/wiki/Milan_Mazurek" title="Milan Mazurek">Milan Mazurek</a>, who was convicted of the intentional crime of defaming a nation, race or belief.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201048_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201048-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, Smer criticized the proposal for a comprehensive compensatory social benefit for people in need, interpreting it as buying Roma votes before <a href="/wiki/2022_Slovak_local_elections" title="2022 Slovak local elections">local</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Slovak_regional_elections" title="2022 Slovak regional elections">regional elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère201049_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère201049-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fico's rhetoric towards the Romani people in Slovakia is considered hostile, stating that the Romani people in Slovakia drain the social system.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère2010410_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère2010410-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère2010411_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère2010411-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Fico called for the approval of a law concerning <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGOs</a>, according to which non-governmental organizations with foreign funding should be labeled as <a href="/wiki/Foreign_agent" title="Foreign agent">foreign agents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère2010412_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère2010412-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, the party <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy" title="Vaccine hesitancy">opposed vaccinations</a> and restrictive measures.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère2010414_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère2010414-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère2010415_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère2010415-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It opposed the ratification of the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Convention" title="Istanbul Convention">Istanbul Convention</a> in Slovakia.<sup id="cite_ref-LaBruyère2010413_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaBruyère2010413-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communist_nostalgia">Communist nostalgia</h3></div> <p>Following a major internal split in June 2020 (which resulted in the founding of a new party named <a href="/wiki/Voice_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Voice – Social Democracy">Voice – Social Democracy</a>, also known as Hlas–SD), the party began to radicalize its rhetoric, including expressing <a href="/wiki/Communist_nostalgia" title="Communist nostalgia">nostalgia for the prior communist state</a>. </p><p>The party politicians utilize slogans reminiscent of the communist era, such as "Loiterers from cafes, to fields and factories"<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the greeting "Greetings, comrades! Honor work!"<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Prime Minister</a> and party chairman <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> and Deputy Speaker of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Slovakia" title="National Council of Slovakia">National Council</a> and party vice-chairman <a href="/wiki/%C4%BDubo%C5%A1_Blaha" title="Ľuboš Blaha">Ľuboš Blaha</a> visited the grave of <a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustav Husák</a>, the last communist <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia" title="List of presidents of Czechoslovakia">president of the Czechoslovakia</a>, to pay their respects. Husák, a highly controversial figure, was one of the leading figures of the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>, imprisoned as a <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">bourgeois nationalist</a> in the 1950s to emerge as a key figure in the <a href="/wiki/Normalization_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Normalization (Czechoslovakia)">normalization process in Czechoslovakia</a> – a return to strict <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party</a> control and the suppression of <a href="/wiki/Prague_Spring" title="Prague Spring">political liberalization</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion in 1968</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2023, Blaha replaced a portrait of <a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Zuzana_%C4%8Caputov%C3%A1" title="Zuzana Čaputová">Zuzana Čaputová</a> in his parliamentary office with a portrait of Argentine Marxist revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a>, hanging <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Europe" title="Flag of Europe">the Flag of Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his speech at the Smer-organized commemoration of the anniversary of the Slovak National Uprising in August 2023, Blaha addressed the crowd as "<a href="/wiki/Comrade" title="Comrade">comrades</a>" and stated, "The basic historical truth is that war and <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> have always come from the West and freedom and peace from the East."<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2019, Blaha shared a photograph on Facebook depicting himself alongside Fico, with the former holding a <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a> bearing a <a href="/wiki/Hammer_and_sickle" title="Hammer and sickle">hammer and sickle</a> motif. The star was a birthday gift presented to Blaha by Fico.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2></div> <p>Since the <a href="/wiki/2020_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Slovak parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a> – Smer's return to the opposition, Slovak authorities have been investigating a number of corruption-related crimes. By August 2023, a total of 42 individuals reportedly linked to the party, including policemen, prosecutors, judges, members of the <a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_informa%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_slu%C5%BEba" title="Slovenská informačná služba">Slovak intelligence agency</a>, politicians, officials, and businessmen were convicted.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://dennikn.sk/3532879/odsudili-uz-viac-ako-40-zlocincov-z-ery-smeru-nie-su-len-spolupracujuci-obvineni-nedostali-iba-podmienky/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://dennikn.sk/3532879/odsudili-uz-viac-ako-40-zlocincov-z-ery-smeru-nie-su-len-spolupracujuci-obvineni-nedostali-iba-podmienky/">[3]</a></sup> The party strongly rejects all charges, calling it <a href="/wiki/Criminalization_of_politics" title="Criminalization of politics">criminalization of politics</a>.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://sita.sk/heger-je-podla-fica-zapojeny-do-zneuzivania-organov-cinnych-v-trestnom-konani-s-cielom-diskreditacie-opozicie-video/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://sita.sk/heger-je-podla-fica-zapojeny-do-zneuzivania-organov-cinnych-v-trestnom-konani-s-cielom-diskreditacie-opozicie-video/">[4]</a></sup> Numerous criticisms of the investigation process and the Special Prosecutor's Office were outlined in the brochure 'Overview of Violations of the Principles of the Rule of Law in the Years 2020–2023' published by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Slovakia)" title="Ministry of Justice (Slovakia)">Ministry of Justice</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Susko" title="Boris Susko">Boris Susko</a> of Smer in December 2023.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/698070-vlada-zverejnila-140-stranovu-brozuru-ako-mali-byt-v-rokoch-2020-2023-porusovane-ludske-prava-pozrite-si-cely-material/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/698070-vlada-zverejnila-140-stranovu-brozuru-ako-mali-byt-v-rokoch-2020-2023-porusovane-ludske-prava-pozrite-si-cely-material/">[5]</a></sup> </p><p>In March 2023, Deputy Prime Minister and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Slovakia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Slovakia)">Minister of Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kali%C5%88%C3%A1k" title="Robert Kaliňák">Robert Kaliňák</a>, who previously served as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Interior_(Slovakia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minister of Interior (Slovakia) (page does not exist)">Minister of Interior</a>, and businessman Jozef Brhel were formally indicted with bribery. Kaliňák was identified as the intermediary in a bribery scheme involving an annual sum of €200,000, purportedly arranged by Brhel for František Imrecze, who served as the President of the Financial Administration at the time. In return for the alleged bribery, Imrecze facilitated the passing of information regarding entities scheduled for corporate income tax audits and ensured the fulfillment of requirements for filling positions within the Financial Administration with specific individuals recommended by Brhel. In one instance, the Financial Administration then awarded substantial IT contracts to Michal Suchoba's company, Allexis, while Suchoba himself is now a cooperating defendant. Imrecze, also a cooperating defendant, stated that the total amount of bribes involved was €1,100,000. The indictment was also based on the statements of other high-ranking officials, now cooperating defendants: the former director of the Criminal Office of the Financial Administration, Ľudovít Makó, and the former director general of the tax and customs administration section, Daniel Čech.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://domov.sme.sk/c/23151749/kalinak-brhel-obzaloba-imrecze-lipsic.html"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://domov.sme.sk/c/23151749/kalinak-brhel-obzaloba-imrecze-lipsic.html">[6]</a></sup> In June 2023, the indictment was quashed by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Slovak_Republic" title="Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic">Supreme Court</a> citing "serious procedural errors that infringed upon the defendants' right to a fair defense".<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://www.noviny.sk/krimi/803315-najvyssi-sud-potvrdil-odmietnutie-obzaloby-na-roberta-kalinaka-a-jozefa-brhela"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://www.noviny.sk/krimi/803315-najvyssi-sud-potvrdil-odmietnutie-obzaloby-na-roberta-kalinaka-a-jozefa-brhela">[7]</a></sup> In August 2023, Deputy Prosecutor General Jozef Sedlák canceled the charges for Kaliňák, while Brhel remained charged.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/648760-zilinka-zrusil-obvinenia-ficovi-a-dalsim-v-kauze-sumrak/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/648760-zilinka-zrusil-obvinenia-ficovi-a-dalsim-v-kauze-sumrak/">[8]</a></sup> </p><p>In November 2020, <a href="/wiki/Tibor_Ga%C5%A1par" title="Tibor Gašpar">Tibor Gašpar</a> of Smer, a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Slovakia" title="National Council of Slovakia">National Council</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Police_Corps_(Slovakia)" title="Police Corps (Slovakia)">Police</a> President, was formally charged with organizing a criminal group. According to the charge, the criminal group composed predominantly of members of the police force was founded by Gašpar in collaboration with businessman Norbert Bödör in 2012. The alleged activities of the group involved serving the interests of Bödör while engaging in illegal activities such as obstructing investigations into tax evasion, extortion, bribery, and utilizing police resources and technology for their operations. Gašpar and Bödör were purportedly at the top of the three tiers hierarchical criminal group. In one instance, allegations suggested that a private company, Interstore Group, sought to evade a criminal investigation. It was alleged that their request was to be fulfilled through a €400,000 bribe distributed among the members of the group, with Gašpar receiving €90,000 through an intermediary. In November 2022, Prosecutor General Maroš Žilinka canceled the charges in compliance with the proposal of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Prime Minister</a> and party chairman <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defence Robert Kaliňák. Žilinka described the charges as vague and imprecise, stating that they violated the basic principles of criminal proceedings.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/648760-zilinka-zrusil-obvinenia-ficovi-a-dalsim-v-kauze-sumrak/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/648760-zilinka-zrusil-obvinenia-ficovi-a-dalsim-v-kauze-sumrak/">[9]</a></sup> </p><p>In December 2023, Gašpar was accused of breaching the confidentiality of oral expression and other expression of a personal nature by complicity.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://domov.sme.sk/c/23255441/bodor-a-gaspar-su-obvineni-ze-zachranovali-fica.html"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://domov.sme.sk/c/23255441/bodor-a-gaspar-su-obvineni-ze-zachranovali-fica.html">[10]</a></sup> </p><p>In April 2022, Robert Fico, Robert Kaliňák, Tibor Gašpar and Norbert Bödör were officially charged with endangering commercial, banking, postal, telecommunications and tax secrets, with Fico and Kaliňák additionally charged with organizing a criminal group and abuse of authority. Fico and Kaliňák allegedly misused state authorities and collaborated with other members of the group to illegally acquire information aimed at discrediting political adversaries, namely the then opposition leaders <a href="/wiki/Igor_Matovi%C4%8D" title="Igor Matovič">Igor Matovič</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Kiska" title="Andrej Kiska">Andrej Kiska</a>. In November 2022, Prosecutor General Maroš Žilinka canceled the charges in compliance with the proposal of Fico and Kaliňák.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://dennikn.sk/3128902/fico-a-kalinak-uz-nie-su-obvineni-vysetrovanie-bolo-na-konci-ked-u-zilinku-opat-vytiahli-paragraf-363/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://dennikn.sk/3128902/fico-a-kalinak-uz-nie-su-obvineni-vysetrovanie-bolo-na-konci-ked-u-zilinku-opat-vytiahli-paragraf-363/">[11]</a></sup> </p><p>In April 2023, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ka%C5%BEim%C3%ADr" title="Peter Kažimír">Peter Kažimír</a>, former Minister of Finance and former vice-chairman of the party, was convicted by the Specialized Criminal Court for bribery. According to the indictment supported by the testimony of cooperating defendant František Imrecze, Kažimír allegedly gave a bribe of €48,000 to Imrecze, who was then the President of the Financial Administration. The alleged purpose of the bribe was to expedite and ensure a favorable outcome in tax appeal proceedings concerning two private companies.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://sita.sk/kazimir-je-vinny-z-podplacania-sudca-ho-odsudil-trestnym-rozkazom-2/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://sita.sk/kazimir-je-vinny-z-podplacania-sudca-ho-odsudil-trestnym-rozkazom-2/">[12]</a></sup> Kažimír denied all the charges and appealed against the verdict. As of 2024, the trial is still ongoing.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://dennikn.sk/3451525/kazimira-zacali-sudit-pre-podozrenie-ze-ako-minister-ficovej-vlady-dal-uplatok/"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://dennikn.sk/3451525/kazimira-zacali-sudit-pre-podozrenie-ze-ako-minister-ficovej-vlady-dal-uplatok/">[13]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Bernard Slobodník, a cooperating defendant who formerly served as the director of the National Financial Police Unit, testified that State Secretary of Justice Pavol Gašpar of Smer, son of Tibor Gašpar, was supposed to hand over a bribe of €60,000 in exchange for information from the investigation. An investigation into the allegation was not initiated because it was already time-barred.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://domov.sme.sk/c/23288494/korupcia-pavol-gaspar-bernard-slobodnik-smer-robert-fico.html"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://domov.sme.sk/c/23288494/korupcia-pavol-gaspar-bernard-slobodnik-smer-robert-fico.html">[14]</a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Monika_Jankovsk%C3%A1" title="Monika Jankovská">Monika Jankovská</a> of Smer, former State Secretary of Justice and former member of the National Council, testified about the alleged involvement in corrupt practices within the judiciary, admitting her own criminal activity.<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_https://domov.sme.sk/c/22579376/jankovska-chce-v-pripade-prepustenia-z-vazby-prijat-monitorovaci-naramok.html"><a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy#endnote_https://domov.sme.sk/c/22579376/jankovska-chce-v-pripade-prepustenia-z-vazby-prijat-monitorovaci-naramok.html">[15]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Council">National Council</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>Leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2002 Slovak parliamentary election">2002</a> </th> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> </td> <td>387,100 </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238854847">.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar{position:relative;border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#fff;width:100px;max-width:100%;height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar-fill{position:absolute;background-color:#dbdbdb;height:1.5em;width:50%}.mw-parser-output .percentage-bar-text{position:absolute;width:100%;height:1.5em;text-align:center;color:#000}</style><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 13%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">13.5%</div></div> </td> <td>3rd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2006 Slovak parliamentary election">2006</a> </th> <td>671,185 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 29%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">29.1%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">50 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 25 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Smer–<a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">SNS</a>–<a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_a_Democratic_Slovakia" title="People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia">HZDS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2010 Slovak parliamentary election">2010</a> </th> <td>880,111 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 34%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">34.8%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">62 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2012_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Slovak parliamentary election">2012</a> </th> <td>1,134,280 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 44%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">44.4%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">83 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 55%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Smer </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2016_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Slovak parliamentary election">2016</a> </th> <td rowspan="2">737,481 </td> <td rowspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 28%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">28.3%</div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2">1st </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">49 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 34 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Smer–<a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">SNS</a>–<a href="/wiki/Most%E2%80%93H%C3%ADd" title="Most–Híd">Bridge</a>–<a href="/wiki/Slovak_Conservative_Party" title="Slovak Conservative Party">Network</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2016)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Smer–<a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">SNS</a>–<a href="/wiki/Most%E2%80%93H%C3%ADd" title="Most–Híd">Bridge</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2016–2020)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2020_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Slovak parliamentary election">2020</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pellegrini_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pellegrini-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>527,172 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 18%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">18.3%</div></div> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">38 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 11 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2023_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Slovak parliamentary election">2023</a> </th> <td>Robert Fico </td> <td>681,017 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 23%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">23.0%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">42 / 150</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 28%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Smer–<a href="/wiki/Voice_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Voice – Social Democracy">Hlas</a>–<a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">SNS</a><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th>List leader </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>EP Group </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2004 European Parliament election in Slovakia">2004</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Monika_Be%C5%88ov%C3%A1" title="Monika Beňová">Monika Beňová</a> </td> <td>118,535 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 16%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">16.9%</div></div> </td> <td>3rd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td bgcolor="lightgrey"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_Party_of_European_Socialists" class="mw-redirect" title="Group of the Party of European Socialists">PES</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2009 European Parliament election in Slovakia">2009</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Boris_Zala" title="Boris Zala">Boris Zala</a> </td> <td>264,722 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 32%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">32.0%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">S&D</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2014 European Parliament election in Slovakia">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a> </td> <td>135,089 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 24%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">24.1%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 13</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 31%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2019 European Parliament election in Slovakia">2019</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Monika_Be%C5%88ov%C3%A1" title="Monika Beňová">Monika Beňová</a> </td> <td>154,996 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 15%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">15.7%</div></div> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Slovakia">2024</a> </th> <td>365,794 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 24%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">24.7%</div></div> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 15</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #d82222; color:inherit; width: 33%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">NI</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Candidate </th> <th colspan="3">First round </th> <th colspan="3">Second round </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Rank </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Rank </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_Slovak_presidential_election" title="2004 Slovak presidential election">2004</a> </th> <td><i>Endorsed<br /><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ga%C5%A1parovi%C4%8D" title="Ivan Gašparovič">Ivan Gašparovič</a></i> </td> <td>442,564 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 22%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">22.3%</div></div> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>1,079,592 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 59%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">59.9%</div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:green;">1st</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_Slovak_presidential_election" title="2009 Slovak presidential election">2009</a> </th> <td><i>Endorsed<br />Ivan Gašparovič</i> </td> <td>876,061 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 46%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">46.7%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>1,234,787 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 55%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">55.5%</div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:green;">1st</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_Slovak_presidential_election" title="2014 Slovak presidential election">2014</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> </td> <td>531,919 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 28%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">28.0%</div></div> </td> <td>1st </td> <td>893,841 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 40%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">40.6%</div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:red;">2nd</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Slovak_presidential_election" title="2019 Slovak presidential election">2019</a> </th> <td><i>Endorsed<br /><a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-nb_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nb-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>400,379 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 18%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">18.7%</div></div> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>752,403 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 41%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">41.6%</div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:red;">2nd</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2024_Slovak_presidential_election" title="2024 Slovak presidential election">2024</a> </th> <td><i>Endorsed<br /><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a></i> </td> <td>834,718 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 37%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">37.0%</div></div> </td> <td>2nd </td> <td>1,409,255 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238854847" /><div class="percentage-bar" style=""><div class="percentage-bar-fill" style="background-color:#d82222; width: 53%;"></div><div class="percentage-bar-text" style="">53.1%</div></div> </td> <td><span style="color:green;">1st</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independent_Social_Democrats" title="Alliance of Independent Social Democrats">Alliance of Independent Social Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Social_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Social Democratic Party">Czech Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovakia" title="Politics of Slovakia">Politics of Slovakia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-coalitions-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coalitions_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coalitions_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coalitions_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Also with coalitions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pellegrini-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pellegrini_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini" title="Peter Pellegrini">Peter Pellegrini</a> served as the electoral leader at the top of the party list, while <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a> served as the party chairman.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nb-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nb_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although <a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a> was officially an independent, his campaign was funded by the party.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-vs2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vs2022_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minv.sk/swift_data/source/statna_komisia_pre_volby/30_annual_report/ar2022/VS22_SMER.pdf">"Výročná správa"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej republiky<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V%C3%BDro%C4%8Dn%C3%A1+spr%C3%A1va&rft.pub=Ministerstvo+vn%C3%BAtra+Slovenskej+republiky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minv.sk%2Fswift_data%2Fsource%2Fstatna_komisia_pre_volby%2F30_annual_report%2Far2022%2FVS22_SMER.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-socdem-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-socdem_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNordsieck2020" class="citation web cs1">Nordsieck, Wolfram (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/slovakia.html">"Slovakia"</a>. <i>Parties and Elections in Europe</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parties+and+Elections+in+Europe&rft.atitle=Slovakia&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Nordsieck&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parties-and-elections.eu%2Fslovakia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeatingMcCrone2013" class="citation book cs1">Keating, Michael; McCrone, Davic (2013). <i>The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe</i>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-6583-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-6583-9"><bdi>978-0-7486-6583-9</bdi></a>. <q>Following in the path of the social democratic party Smer in Slovakia, the social democrats in the Czech Republic and Romania are well positioned to benefit from this.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Social+Democracy+in+Europe&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-6583-9&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=McCrone%2C+Davic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMyantDrahokoupilLesay2013" class="citation journal cs1">Myant, Martin; Drahokoupil, Jan; Lesay, Ivan (2013). "The Political Economy of Crisis Management in East–Central European Countries". <i>Europe-Asia Studies</i>. <b>65</b> (3): 401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668136.2013.779460">10.1080/09668136.2013.779460</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10.1080%2F09668136.2013.779460">10.1080/09668136.2013.779460</a></span>. <q>That did not imply electoral punishment for the social-democratic Smer party. The party won more votes than in the previous elections in 2006, but failure by its previous coalition allies meant that the right succeeded thanks to its ability to lead a viable coalition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Crisis+Management+in+East%E2%80%93Central+European+Countries&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=401&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2013.779460&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2013.779460&rft.aulast=Myant&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Drahokoupil%2C+Jan&rft.au=Lesay%2C+Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDe_SioEmanueleMaggini2014" class="citation book cs1">De Sio, Lorenzo; Emanuele, Vincenzo; Maggini, Nicola (2014). <i>The European Parliament Elections of 2014</i>. CISE – Centro Italiano Studi Elettorali. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-98012-16-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-98012-16-9"><bdi>978-88-98012-16-9</bdi></a>. <q>The election was won by the ruling social democratic Smer-SD, which got 4 of 13 seats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Parliament+Elections+of+2014&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=CISE+%E2%80%93+Centro+Italiano+Studi+Elettorali&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-88-98012-16-9&rft.aulast=De+Sio&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft.au=Emanuele%2C+Vincenzo&rft.au=Maggini%2C+Nicola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSekerák2019" class="citation journal cs1">Sekerák, Marián (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1781685819883965">"Towards conservatism? Party politics in Slovakia at the end of the 2010s"</a>. <i>European View</i>. <b>18</b> (2). SAGE: 238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1781685819883965">10.1177/1781685819883965</a></span>. <q>Moreover, the Social Democratic Smer–SD and the economically liberal SaS both have some elements typical of social conservatism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+View&rft.atitle=Towards+conservatism%3F+Party+politics+in+Slovakia+at+the+end+of+the+2010s&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=238&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1781685819883965&rft.aulast=Seker%C3%A1k&rft.aufirst=Mari%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F1781685819883965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaggartSzczerbiak2018" class="citation journal cs1">Taggart, Paul; Szczerbiak, Aleks (2018). "Putting Brexit into perspective: the effect of the Eurozone and migration crises and Brexit on Euroscepticism in European states". <i>Journal of European Public Policy</i>. <b>25</b> (8). 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October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pro-Russian+party+wins+Slovakia%27s+election%2C+but+not+outright&rft.date=2023-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2023%2F10%2F01%2Fpro-russian-party-wins-slovakias-election-but-not-outright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-Le_MondeavecAFP_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Le_MondeavecAFP-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cameron&GoksedeBBC_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cameron&GoksedeBBC-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Michal_KokotWyborcza_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michal_KokotWyborcza-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daniel_BellamyEURONEWS_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniel_BellamyEURONEWS-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cenlef-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cenlef_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cenlef_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHenley2024" class="citation web cs1">Henley, Jon (15 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/15/who-is-robert-fico">"Who is Robert Fico?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <q>He was Slovakia's representative to the European court of human rights from 1994 to 2000 and set up his centre-left Smer-SD party in 1999 after being turned down for a ministerial post by the Democratic Left, the Communists' political heirs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Who+is+Robert+Fico%3F&rft.date=2024-05-15&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F15%2Fwho-is-robert-fico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGyárfášová2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%BEga_Gy%C3%A1rf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="sk:Oľga Gyárfášová">Gyárfášová, Oľga</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Slovak]</span> (11 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/explaining-the-popularity-of-the-extreme-right-in-slovakia/">"Explaining the popularity of the extreme right in Slovakia"</a>. <i>Friends of Europe</i>. <q>Slovakia is approaching critical parliamentary elections. On 29 February voters will decide whether the main centre-left coalition party Smer-SD – which has led governments almost uninterrupted since 2006 – will stay in power, or whether the predominantly liberal opposition will force a change in government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Europe&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+popularity+of+the+extreme+right+in+Slovakia&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft.aulast=Gy%C3%A1rf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=O%C4%BEga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendsofeurope.org%2Finsights%2Fexplaining-the-popularity-of-the-extreme-right-in-slovakia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOgrodnik2020" class="citation web cs1">Ogrodnik, Łukasz (28 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pism.pl/publications/Slovak_Parliamentary_Elections">"Slovak Parliamentary Elections"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Polish_Institute_of_International_Affairs" title="Polish Institute of International Affairs">Polish Institute of International Affairs</a></i>. <q>Elections in Slovakia to the National Council, scheduled for 29 February, will likely confirm the continued falling support for the centre-left Smer-Social Democracy (Smer).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polish+Institute+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Slovak+Parliamentary+Elections&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft.aulast=Ogrodnik&rft.aufirst=%C5%81ukasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pism.pl%2Fpublications%2FSlovak_Parliamentary_Elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lefw-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lefw_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lefw_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHovet2023" class="citation web cs1">Hovet, Jason (16 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/slovakias-smer-party-sign-agreement-forming-new-government-monday-2023-10-16/">"Slovakia's populist ex-PM Fico seals coalition deal for new government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. Prague. <q>Fico's leftist, populist SMER-SSD (Direction-Slovak Social Democracy) struck a deal last week with the centre-left HLAS (Voice) and nationalist Slovak National Party (SNS) to form a coalition that will have 79 out of 150 seats in parliament.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Slovakia%27s+populist+ex-PM+Fico+seals+coalition+deal+for+new+government&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft.aulast=Hovet&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fslovakias-smer-party-sign-agreement-forming-new-government-monday-2023-10-16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStoklasa2023" class="citation web cs1">Stoklasa, Radovan (11 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20231011-slovakia-s-populist-fico-signs-coalition-deal-with-far-right-parties">"Slovakia's Fico signs coalition deal with far-right party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/France24" class="mw-redirect" title="France24">France24</a></i>. <q>The leftist Smer, or Direction, party captured 22.9% of the vote in Slovakia's Sept 30 parliamentary election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France24&rft.atitle=Slovakia%27s+Fico+signs+coalition+deal+with+far-right+party&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft.aulast=Stoklasa&rft.aufirst=Radovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20231011-slovakia-s-populist-fico-signs-coalition-deal-with-far-right-parties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicholsonHülsemann2023" class="citation web cs1">Nicholson, Tom; Hülsemann, Laura (11 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/slovakia-robert-fico-elections-as-prime-minister/">"New government emerges in Slovakia, with Robert Fico as prime minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. <q>Following Tuesday's announcement by the social democratic Hlas (Voice) party, which finished third in the September 30 election with 14.7 percent, that it would focus on coalition talks with leftist-populist Smer (Direction), the victor of the ballot with 23 percent, the two parties on Wednesday announced agreement on forming a ruling coalition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=New+government+emerges+in+Slovakia%2C+with+Robert+Fico+as+prime+minister&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=H%C3%BClsemann%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fslovakia-robert-fico-elections-as-prime-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOndercoJoosen2021" class="citation journal cs1">Onderco, Michal; Joosen, Rik (July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/fpa/article/17/3/orab012/6264807">"Dimensionality of Party Politics of Foreign Policy: Spatial Modeling of Slovakia's National Council"</a>. <i>Foreign Policy Analysis</i>. <b>17</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ffpa%2Forab012">10.1093/fpa/orab012</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F3594318">1887/3594318</a></span>. <q>The only potential exception appears to be the period from 2012 to 2016, but it is important to note that in that period, Direction—Social Democracy (SMER-Sociálna Demokracia; SMER) was the sole governing party and at the same time the only left-wing party in the parliament.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy+Analysis&rft.atitle=Dimensionality+of+Party+Politics+of+Foreign+Policy%3A+Spatial+Modeling+of+Slovakia%27s+National+Council&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2021-07&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F3594318&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ffpa%2Forab012&rft.aulast=Onderco&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft.au=Joosen%2C+Rik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Ffpa%2Farticle%2F17%2F3%2Forab012%2F6264807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBalfourLehne2024" class="citation web cs1">Balfour, Rosa; Lehne, Stefan (18 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/files/Balfour%20and%20Lehne_Charting%20the%20Radical%20Right's%20Influence%20on%20EU%20Foreign%20Policy.pdf">"Charting the Radical Right's Influence on EU Foreign Policy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>. p. 101. <q>At the same time, some agenda items, such as migration, have been co-opted by more mainstream parties, like the left-wing Direction—Social Democracy (SMER-SD, or SMER).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charting+the+Radical+Right%27s+Influence+on+EU+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2024-04-18&rft.aulast=Balfour&rft.aufirst=Rosa&rft.au=Lehne%2C+Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegie-production-assets.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fstatic%2Ffiles%2FBalfour%2520and%2520Lehne_Charting%2520the%2520Radical%2520Right%27s%2520Influence%2520on%2520EU%2520Foreign%2520Policy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/european-socialists-suspent-robert-fico-smer-hlas-party/">"European socialists suspend Robert Fico's Smer party and its ally Hlas"</a>. 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+socialists+suspend+Robert+Fico%27s+Smer+party+and+its+ally+Hlas&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Feuropean-socialists-suspent-robert-fico-smer-hlas-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHanke_Vela2023" class="citation news cs1">Hanke Vela, Jakob (18 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/newsletter/brussels-playbook/biden-heads-to-israel-as-tensions-mount-over-hospital-blast/">"Biden heads to Israel as tensions mount over hospital blast"</a>. <i>Politico</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Biden+heads+to+Israel+as+tensions+mount+over+hospital+blast&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.aulast=Hanke+Vela&rft.aufirst=Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Fnewsletter%2Fbrussels-playbook%2Fbiden-heads-to-israel-as-tensions-mount-over-hospital-blast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spravy.pravda.sk/fotogaleria/78998-billboardy-pred-volbami-2023/#7">"Fiasko, zavádzanie aj nevyužitá šanca. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volbysr.sk/oso/sk/suhrnne_vysledky.html">the original</a> on 15 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.volbysr.sk&rft.atitle=S%C3%BAhrnn%C3%A9+v%C3%BDsledky+hlasovania+-+Vo%C4%BEby+do+org%C3%A1nov+samospr%C3%A1vy+obc%C3%AD+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volbysr.sk%2Foso%2Fsk%2Fsuhrnne_vysledky.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2024/05/16/who-is-slovakian-prime-minister-robert-fico">"Who is Slovakian Prime Minister Robert Fico?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></i>. 16 May 2024. <q>In 1999, he became chairman of the left-wing nationalist Smer (Direction) party, where he has been a leading figure ever since.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Who+is+Slovakian+Prime+Minister+Robert+Fico%3F&rft.date=2024-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2024%2F05%2F16%2Fwho-is-slovakian-prime-minister-robert-fico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJochecová2023" class="citation web cs1">Jochecová, Ketrin (24 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/robert-fico-become-slovakia-new-prime-minister/">"Robert Fico to become Slovakia's new prime minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>. <q>In his fourth tour of duty as PM, the leftist-populist Smer party boss is expected to travel to this week's meeting of EU leaders in Brussels.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Robert+Fico+to+become+Slovakia%27s+new+prime+minister&rft.date=2023-10-24&rft.aulast=Jochecov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Ketrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Frobert-fico-become-slovakia-new-prime-minister%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmidhttps://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/892314/v-smere-vym-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmidhttps://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/892314/v-smere-vym_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/892314/v-smere-vymysleli-novy-nazov-strany-a-nakreslili-ine-logo-odlisia-sa-od-pellegriniho/">"V Smere vymysleli nový názov strany a nakreslili iné logo. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGultasli2024" class="citation web cs1">Gultasli, Selcuk (25 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.populismstudies.org/professor-haughton-on-fico-assassination-attempt-polarization-boosts-charged-political-climate-in-slovakia/">"Professor Haughton on Fico Assassination Attempt: Polarization Boosts Charged Political Climate in Slovakia"</a>. <i>Populism Studies</i>.</cite><span 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href="https://hnonline.sk/slovensko/384069-desat-najdolezitejsich-milnikov-v-historii-strany-smer-sd-od-jej-vzniku-az-dodnes">"Desať najdôležitejších míľnikov v histórii strany Smer-SD od jej vzniku až dodnes"</a> (in Slovak). <a href="/wiki/Hospod%C3%A1rske_noviny" title="Hospodárske noviny">Hospodárske noviny</a>. 6 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desa%C5%A5+najd%C3%B4le%C5%BEitej%C5%A1%C3%ADch+m%C3%AD%C4%BEnikov+v+hist%C3%B3rii+strany+Smer-SD+od+jej+vzniku+a%C5%BE+dodnes&rft.pub=Hospod%C3%A1rske+noviny&rft.date=2009-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhnonline.sk%2Fslovensko%2F384069-desat-najdolezitejsich-milnikov-v-historii-strany-smer-sd-od-jej-vzniku-az-dodnes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SME122004-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SME122004_33-0">^</a></b></span> 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id="cite_note-The_Times092022-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Times092022_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrague" class="citation news cs1">Prague, Tim Gosling. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gangster-prime-minister-eyes-up-return-slovakia-wzpx622ld">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gangster prime minister' eyes up return to power in Slovakia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>.</cite><span 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How should the West respond?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>. 23 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slovakia+risks+becoming+another+Hungary-style+EU+spoiler.+How+should+the+West+respond%3F&rft.pub=Atlantic+Council&rft.date=2022-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fblogs%2Fnew-atlanticist%2Fslovakia-risks-becoming-another-hungary-style-eu-spoiler-how-should-the-west-respond%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ČT062023-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ČT062023_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irozhlas.cz/komentare/proc-fico-nepujde-ve-stopach-meciara-komentar-pesekova_2306181630_kac">"Proč Robert Fico nepůjde úplně ve stopách Vladimíra Mečiara"</a> (in Czech). <a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">Czech Radio</a>. 18 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pro%C4%8D+Robert+Fico+nep%C5%AFjde+%C3%BApln%C4%9B+ve+stop%C3%A1ch+Vladim%C3%ADra+Me%C4%8Diara&rft.pub=Czech+Radio&rft.date=2023-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irozhlas.cz%2Fkomentare%2Fproc-fico-nepujde-ve-stopach-meciara-komentar-pesekova_2306181630_kac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-ČT052023_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ČT052023-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VI062023_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VI062023-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BI052023_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BI052023-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg062022_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg062022-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Coda012023_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coda012023-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AC122022_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AC122022-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ČT062023_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ČT062023-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lsei-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lsei_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lsei_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooper2021" class="citation journal cs1">Cooper, Luke (June 2021). "Authoritarian protectionism in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe: diversity, commonality and resistance". <i>LSE Ideas</i>: 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LSE+Ideas&rft.atitle=Authoritarian+protectionism+in+Central%2C+Eastern+and+South-Eastern+Europe%3A+diversity%2C+commonality+and+resistance&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2021-06&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Luke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIvanov2024" class="citation journal cs1">Ivanov, Denis (12 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21599165.2024.2303712">"Left authoritarianism and positional shifts of populist parties in Central and Eastern Europe"</a>. <i>East European Politics</i>. <b>26</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">447–</span>472. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F21599165.2024.2303712">10.1080/21599165.2024.2303712</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+European+Politics&rft.atitle=Left+authoritarianism+and+positional+shifts+of+populist+parties+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E447-%3C%2Fspan%3E472&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F21599165.2024.2303712&rft.aulast=Ivanov&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F21599165.2024.2303712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLopatka2023" class="citation news cs1">Lopatka, Jan (2 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/slovak-party-ps-says-it-will-still-try-form-coalition-after-fico-win-2023-10-01/">"Slovakia's poll winner defies European consensus on Ukraine"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Slovakia%27s+poll+winner+defies+European+consensus+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-10-02&rft.aulast=Lopatka&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fslovak-party-ps-says-it-will-still-try-form-coalition-after-fico-win-2023-10-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715020843/http://portal.ives.sk/registre/detailUplnyPS.do?action=uplny&formular=nazov&id=153097">"Register of Political Parties and Political Movements"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.ives.sk/registre/detailUplnyPS.do?action=uplny&formular=nazov&id=153097">the original</a> on 15 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Register+of+Political+Parties+and+Political+Movements&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.ives.sk%2Fregistre%2FdetailUplnyPS.do%3Faction%3Duplny%26formular%3Dnazov%26id%3D153097&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw99-2000/slovakia.htm">"The Study of Contemporary Racism and Antisemitism", The Steven Roth Institute, Tel Aviv University. Tau.ac.il.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130531035616/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw99-2000/slovakia.htm">Archived</a> 31 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 15 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barany-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barany_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZoltan_D._Barany2002" class="citation book cs1">Zoltan D. Barany (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yTylND961ZMC&q=sns+extremist+party&pg=PA313"><i>The East European gypsies: regime change, marginality, and ethnopolitics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 313, 408. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-00910-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-00910-3"><bdi>0-521-00910-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+East+European+gypsies%3A+regime+change%2C+marginality%2C+and+ethnopolitics&rft.pages=313%2C+408&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-00910-3&rft.au=Zoltan+D.+Barany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyTylND961ZMC%26q%3Dsns%2Bextremist%2Bparty%26pg%3DPA313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJuliana_Sokolova2009" class="citation web cs1">Juliana Sokolova (2 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090830151059/http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/slovakia-in-search-of-normal-0">"Slovakia: in search of normal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/OpenDemocracy.net" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDemocracy.net">openDemocracy.net</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/slovakia-in-search-of-normal-0">the original</a> on 30 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slovakia%3A+in+search+of+normal&rft.pub=openDemocracy.net&rft.date=2009-04-02&rft.au=Juliana+Sokolova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Farticle%2Fslovakia-in-search-of-normal-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeatingMcCrone2013" class="citation book cs1">Keating, Michael; McCrone, Davic (2013). <i>The Crisis of Social Democracy in Europe</i>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-6583-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-6583-9"><bdi>978-0-7486-6583-9</bdi></a>. <q>As Deegan-Krause argues, Smer's coalition with the HZDS and the SNP before 2010 was 'anti-market left' and 'Slovak national' (2010).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Social+Democracy+in+Europe&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-6583-9&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=McCrone%2C+Davic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pes.org/en/news/smer-suspended-pes-political-family">SMER suspended from PES political family</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106205652/http://www.pes.org/en/news/smer-suspended-pes-political-family">Archived</a> 6 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a>, 12 October 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPetit_Press_a.s.2006" class="citation web cs1">Petit Press a.s. (16 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/24867/2/">"Euro-socialists suspend Fico's Smer party"</a>. <i>spectator.sme.sk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-003-82265-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-003-82265-3"><bdi>978-1-003-82265-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Contemporary+populism+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.btitle=Economic+Policies+of+Populist+Leaders%3A+A+Central+and+Eastern+European+Perspective&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-003-82265-3&rft.au=Natasza+Styczy%C5%84ska&rft.au=Jan+D.+Meijer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNqLfEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanley2017-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stanley2017_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBen_Stanley2017" class="citation book cs1">Ben Stanley (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X8Q9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA147">"Populism in Central and Eastern Europe"</a>. 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Oxford University Press. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-198-80356-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-198-80356-0"><bdi>978-0-198-80356-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Populism+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Populism&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-198-80356-0&rft.au=Ben+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX8Q9DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Havlík2016-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Havlík2016_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVlastimil_Havlík2016" class="citation book cs1">Vlastimil Havlík (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X0EnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA36">"Populism as a threat to liberal democracy in East Central Europe"</a>. In Jan Holzer; Miroslav Mares (eds.). <i>Challenges to Democracies in East Central Europe</i>. Routledge. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-22228-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-22228-6"><bdi>978-1-317-22228-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Populism+as+a+threat+to+liberal+democracy+in+East+Central+Europe&rft.btitle=Challenges+to+Democracies+in+East+Central+Europe&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-22228-6&rft.au=Vlastimil+Havl%C3%ADk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX0EnDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sadurski2019-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sadurski2019_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWojciech_Sadurski2019" class="citation book cs1">Wojciech Sadurski (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNqUDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24"><i>Poland's Constitutional Breakdown</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-198-84050-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-198-84050-3"><bdi>978-0-198-84050-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland%27s+Constitutional+Breakdown&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-198-84050-3&rft.au=Wojciech+Sadurski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNqUDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GyarfášováJupskås2012-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GyarfášováJupskås2012_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOl̕ga_GyarfášováAnders_Ravin_Jupskås2012" class="citation book cs1">Ol̕ga Gyarfášová; Anders Ravin Jupskås (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GCNpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162">"The appeal of populism"</a>. In Harald Baldersheim; Josef Bátora (eds.). <i>The Governance of Small States in Turbulent Times: The Exemplary Cases of Norway and Slovakia</i>. Verlag Barbara Budrich. p. 162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-847-40484-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-847-40484-2"><bdi>978-3-847-40484-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+appeal+of+populism&rft.btitle=The+Governance+of+Small+States+in+Turbulent+Times%3A+The+Exemplary+Cases+of+Norway+and+Slovakia&rft.pages=162&rft.pub=Verlag+Barbara+Budrich&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-847-40484-2&rft.au=Ol%CC%95ga+Gyarf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1&rft.au=Anders+Ravin+Jupsk%C3%A5s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGCNpDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zvada2023-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zvada2023_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFĽubomír_Zvada2023" class="citation book cs1">Ľubomír Zvada (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=chvHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA192">"The State of Social Democracy in Slovakia: The Twilight or Rebirth of Social Democracy?"</a>. In Ania Skrzypek; András Bíró-Nagy (eds.). <i>The Social Democratic Parties in the Visegrád Countries: Predicaments and Prospects for Progressivism</i>. Springer Nature. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-30792-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-30792-8"><bdi>978-3-031-30792-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Social+Democracy+in+Slovakia%3A+The+Twilight+or+Rebirth+of+Social+Democracy%3F&rft.btitle=The+Social+Democratic+Parties+in+the+Visegr%C3%A1d+Countries%3A+Predicaments+and+Prospects+for+Progressivism&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-3-031-30792-8&rft.au=%C4%BDubom%C3%ADr+Zvada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DchvHEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natpop-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-natpop_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-natpop_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMesežnikovGyárfášová2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="/wiki/Grigorij_Mese%C5%BEnikov" title="Grigorij Mesežnikov">Mesežnikov, Grigorij</a>; <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%BEga_Gy%C3%A1rf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="sk:Oľga Gyárfášová">Gyárfášová, Oľga</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Slovak]</span> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esiweb.org/pdf/slovakia_National_populism_in_Slovakia.pdf">"National Populism in Slovakia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Populism Vs. Intercultural Dialogue in Slovakia: Political Factors and Value</i>. <b>6</b>. Bratislava. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-89345-13-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-89345-13-7"><bdi>978-80-89345-13-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Populism+Vs.+Intercultural+Dialogue+in+Slovakia%3A+Political+Factors+and+Value&rft.atitle=National+Populism+in+Slovakia&rft.volume=6&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-80-89345-13-7&rft.aulast=Mese%C5%BEnikov&rft.aufirst=Grigorij&rft.au=Gy%C3%A1rf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1%2C+O%C4%BEga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esiweb.org%2Fpdf%2Fslovakia_National_populism_in_Slovakia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJanicek2012" class="citation web cs1">Janicek, Karel (11 March 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/leftist-opposition-wins-big-in-slovakia-election-e7239a27405842b39e860ef165258190">"Leftist opposition wins big in Slovakia election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Leftist+opposition+wins+big+in+Slovakia+election&rft.date=2012-03-11&rft.aulast=Janicek&rft.aufirst=Karel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fleftist-opposition-wins-big-in-slovakia-election-e7239a27405842b39e860ef165258190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-poppol-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poppol_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-poppol_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMesežnikovGyárfášová2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="/wiki/Grigorij_Mese%C5%BEnikov" title="Grigorij Mesežnikov">Mesežnikov, Grigorij</a>; <a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C4%BEga_Gy%C3%A1rf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1" class="extiw" title="sk:Oľga Gyárfášová">Gyárfášová, Oľga</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Slovak]</span> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdc.ceu.hu/archive/00004891/01/1214822685__populist_politics.pdf">"Populist Politics and Liberal Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Working Papers</i>. Bratislava: Institute for Public Affairs: 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Working+Papers&rft.atitle=Populist+Politics+and+Liberal+Democracy+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=111&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Mese%C5%BEnikov&rft.aufirst=Grigorij&rft.au=Gy%C3%A1rf%C3%A1%C5%A1ov%C3%A1%2C+O%C4%BEga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdc.ceu.hu%2Farchive%2F00004891%2F01%2F1214822685__populist_politics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters0320232-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters0320232_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ficos-pro-russian-party-takes-poll-lead-ahead-slovakias-sept-vote-2023-03-10/">"Fico's pro-Russian party takes poll lead ahead of Slovakia's Sept vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Fico%27s+pro-Russian+party+takes+poll+lead+ahead+of+Slovakia%27s+Sept+vote&rft.date=2023-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fficos-pro-russian-party-takes-poll-lead-ahead-slovakias-sept-vote-2023-03-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ČT0220232-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ČT0220232_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/svet/3568037-168-hodin-fico-se-na-slovensku-dere-zpatky-k-moci-vyuziva-k-tomu-slovnik-ruske">"Fico se na Slovensku může vrátit k moci, využívá k tomu slovník ruské propagandy"</a> (in Czech). <a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">Czech Television</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+se+na+Slovensku+m%C5%AF%C5%BEe+vr%C3%A1tit+k+moci%2C+vyu%C5%BE%C3%ADv%C3%A1+k+tomu+slovn%C3%ADk+rusk%C3%A9+propagandy&rft.pub=Czech+Television&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fct24.ceskatelevize.cz%2Fsvet%2F3568037-168-hodin-fico-se-na-slovensku-dere-zpatky-k-moci-vyuziva-k-tomu-slovnik-ruske&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seznam0420232-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seznam0420232_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/zahranicni-stredni-evropa-slovensko-se-znovu-priklani-k-sebevedomemu-bumerangu-jmenem-fico-229624">"Slovensko se znovu přiklání k sebevědomému bumerangu jménem Fico"</a> (in Czech). <a href="/wiki/Seznam.cz" title="Seznam.cz">Seznam.cz</a>. 19 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slovensko+se+znovu+p%C5%99ikl%C3%A1n%C3%AD+k+sebev%C4%9Bdom%C3%A9mu+bumerangu+jm%C3%A9nem+Fico&rft.pub=Seznam.cz&rft.date=2023-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seznamzpravy.cz%2Fclanek%2Fzahranicni-stredni-evropa-slovensko-se-znovu-priklani-k-sebevedomemu-bumerangu-jmenem-fico-229624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denník_N0220233-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Denník_N0220233_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dennikn.sk/3341998/fico-pred-velvyslancami-podporil-vstup-ukrajiny-do-eu-a-verejnosti-to-zatajil/?ref=list">"Fico pred veľvyslancami podporil vstup Ukrajiny do EÚ, verejnosti to najskôr nepovedal"</a> (in Slovak). <a href="/wiki/Denn%C3%ADk_N" title="Denník N">Denník N</a>. 25 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+pred+ve%C4%BEvyslancami+podporil+vstup+Ukrajiny+do+E%C3%9A%2C+verejnosti+to+najsk%C3%B4r+nepovedal&rft.pub=Denn%C3%ADk+N&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdennikn.sk%2F3341998%2Ffico-pred-velvyslancami-podporil-vstup-ukrajiny-do-eu-a-verejnosti-to-zatajil%2F%3Fref%3Dlist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trend0220232-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trend0220232_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trend.sk/spravy/riesenim-rusko-ukrajinskeho-konfliktu-su-mierove-rokovania-tvrdi-smer-sd">"Riešením rusko-ukrajinského konfliktu sú mierové rokovania, tvrdí Smer-SD"</a> (in Slovak). 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support during visit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slovakia%27s+prime+minister+U-turns+on+Ukraine+support+during+visit&rft.pub=Financial+Times&rft.date=2024-01-24&rft.au=Raphael+Minder+and+Roman+Olearchyk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fd033d429-d6d5-4c45-ae17-8169356d51dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/slovak-pm-reaffirms-support-ukraines-eu-membership-bid-2024-01-24/">"Slovak PM reaffirms support for 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href="https://hnonline.sk/politika/1165683-opoziciu-nepotrebujeme-povedali-mi-v-azii-pozrite-sa-ako-fico-velebil-cinu">"Opozíciu nepotrebujeme, povedali mi v Ázii. 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href="https://www.sme.sk/c/3163664/fico-sa-bavil-s-kaddafim-o-boji-proti-imperializmu.html">"Fico sa bavil s Kaddáfím o boji proti imperializmu"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SME_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="SME (newspaper)">SME</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+sa+bavil+s+Kadd%C3%A1f%C3%ADm+o+boji+proti+imperializmu&rft.pub=SME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sme.sk%2Fc%2F3163664%2Ffico-sa-bavil-s-kaddafim-o-boji-proti-imperializmu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2023/10/13/slovak-meps-to-be-suspended-from-eu-parliaments-socialist-group-over-far-right-government-">"Slovak MEPs to be suspended from EU parliament's Socialist Group over far-right government deal"</a>. <i>Euronews</i>. 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Slovak+MEPs+to+be+suspended+from+EU+parliament%27s+Socialist+Group+over+far-right+government+deal&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2023%2F10%2F13%2Fslovak-meps-to-be-suspended-from-eu-parliaments-socialist-group-over-far-right-government-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/european-socialists-suspent-robert-fico-smer-hlas-party/">"European socialists suspend Robert Fico's Smer party and its ally Hlas"</a>. <i>Politico</i>. 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=European+socialists+suspend+Robert+Fico%27s+Smer+party+and+its+ally+Hlas&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Feuropean-socialists-suspent-robert-fico-smer-hlas-party%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intellinews.com/slovak-pm-s-smer-party-isolated-in-european-parliament-after-split-from-sandd-group-333720/">"Slovak PM's Smer party isolated in European Parliament after split from S&D group"</a>. <i>bne Intellinews</i>. 15 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bne+Intellinews&rft.atitle=Slovak+PM%27s+Smer+party+isolated+in+European+Parliament+after+split+from+S%26D+group&rft.date=2024-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.intellinews.com%2Fslovak-pm-s-smer-party-isolated-in-european-parliament-after-split-from-sandd-group-333720%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite 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National Council.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hlasovanie+-+grafick%C3%A9+zobrazenie&rft.pub=National+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrsr.sk%2Fweb%2FDefault.aspx%3Fsid%3Dschodze%2Fhlasovanie%2Fhlaspie%26ID%3D48621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère201045-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère201045_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/islamska-nadacia-premier-moslimovia/166450-clanok.html?mostViewedArticlesInSectionTab=1">"Islamská nadácia: Premiér urobil z moslimov na Slovensku hrozbu"</a> (in Slovak). TASR. 16 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islamsk%C3%A1+nad%C3%A1cia%3A+Premi%C3%A9r+urobil+z+moslimov+na+Slovensku+hrozbu&rft.pub=TASR&rft.date=2015-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teraz.sk%2Fslovensko%2Fislamska-nadacia-premier-moslimovia%2F166450-clanok.html%3FmostViewedArticlesInSectionTab%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère201046-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère201046_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://domov.sme.sk/c/20173191/islam-na-slovensku-nema-priestor-vyhlasil-fico.html">"Islam nemá podľa Fica na Slovensku priestor"</a> (in Slovak). SME.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islam+nem%C3%A1+pod%C4%BEa+Fica+na+Slovensku+priestor&rft.pub=SME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdomov.sme.sk%2Fc%2F20173191%2Fislam-na-slovensku-nema-priestor-vyhlasil-fico.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère201047-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère201047_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.noviny.sk/626464-robert-fico-smer-sd-sa-pustil-do-politologa-jozefa-lenca-ste-xenofobny-fasista-odkazal-mu-odbornik">"Robert Fico (Smer-SD) sa pustil do politológa Jozefa Lenča. Ste xenofóbny fašista, odkázal mu odborník"</a> (in Slovak). TV JOJ. 13 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Fico+%28Smer-SD%29+sa+pustil+do+politol%C3%B3ga+Jozefa+Len%C4%8Da.+Ste+xenof%C3%B3bny+fa%C5%A1ista%2C+odk%C3%A1zal+mu+odborn%C3%ADk&rft.pub=TV+JOJ&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplus.noviny.sk%2F626464-robert-fico-smer-sd-sa-pustil-do-politologa-jozefa-lenca-ste-xenofobny-fasista-odkazal-mu-odbornik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère201048-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère201048_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dennikn.sk/1575000/fico-obhajuje-extremistu-mazureka-ak-popravite-niekoho-za-pravdu-urobite-z-neho-narodneho-hrdinu/">"Fico obhajuje extrémistu Mazureka, SNS a Most ho za to kritizujú"</a> (in Slovak). Denník N. 5 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+obhajuje+extr%C3%A9mistu+Mazureka%2C+SNS+a+Most+ho+za+to+kritizuj%C3%BA&rft.pub=Denn%C3%ADk+N&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdennikn.sk%2F1575000%2Ffico-obhajuje-extremistu-mazureka-ak-popravite-niekoho-za-pravdu-urobite-z-neho-narodneho-hrdinu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère201049-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère201049_129-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dennikn.sk/2818577/fico-utoci-na-vladu-cez-romov-podla-splnomocnenca-tak-chce-prekryt-svoje-vlastne-problemy/">"Fico útočí na vládu cez Rómov. Podľa splnomocnenca tak chce prekryť svoje vlastné problémy"</a> (in Slovak). Denník N. 22 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+%C3%BAto%C4%8D%C3%AD+na+vl%C3%A1du+cez+R%C3%B3mov.+Pod%C4%BEa+splnomocnenca+tak+chce+prekry%C5%A5+svoje+vlastn%C3%A9+probl%C3%A9my&rft.pub=Denn%C3%ADk+N&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdennikn.sk%2F2818577%2Ffico-utoci-na-vladu-cez-romov-podla-splnomocnenca-tak-chce-prekryt-svoje-vlastne-problemy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère2010410-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère2010410_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://domov.sme.sk/c/22206601/robert-fico-sa-k-romom-vracia-pravidelne.html">"Fico mal pri výrokoch o Rómoch blízko k Mazurekovi už v minulosti"</a> (in Slovak). SME.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+mal+pri+v%C3%BDrokoch+o+R%C3%B3moch+bl%C3%ADzko+k+Mazurekovi+u%C5%BE+v+minulosti&rft.pub=SME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdomov.sme.sk%2Fc%2F22206601%2Frobert-fico-sa-k-romom-vracia-pravidelne.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère2010411-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère2010411_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/788225/fico-sa-vracia-do-politickej-minulosti-na-romov-utoci-slovnikom-extremistov/">"Fico sa vracia do politickej minulosti. Na Rómov útočí slovníkom extrémistov"</a> (in Slovak). Aktuality.sk. 6 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+sa+vracia+do+politickej+minulosti.+Na+R%C3%B3mov+%C3%BAto%C4%8D%C3%AD+slovn%C3%ADkom+extr%C3%A9mistov&rft.pub=Aktuality.sk&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aktuality.sk%2Fclanok%2F788225%2Ffico-sa-vracia-do-politickej-minulosti-na-romov-utoci-slovnikom-extremistov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère2010412-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère2010412_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dennikn.sk/minuta/3411976?ref=inc">"Robert Fico chce rovnaký zákon proti mimovládkam, aký pred desiatimi rokmi schválilo Putinovo Rusko"</a> (in Slovak). Denník N. 6 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Robert+Fico+chce+rovnak%C3%BD+z%C3%A1kon+proti+mimovl%C3%A1dkam%2C+ak%C3%BD+pred+desiatimi+rokmi+schv%C3%A1lilo+Putinovo+Rusko&rft.pub=Denn%C3%ADk+N&rft.date=2023-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdennikn.sk%2Fminuta%2F3411976%3Fref%3Dinc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère2010414-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère2010414_133-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/slovensko-robert-fico-smer-ockovani-covid-19-pfizer.A210911_092600_zahranicni_ajez">"Fico hlasem odpůrců očkování. Prachsprostý byznys, vytvoří závislost, hlásá"</a> (in Czech). idnes.cz. 11 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+hlasem+odp%C5%AFrc%C5%AF+o%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1n%C3%AD.+Prachsprost%C3%BD+byznys%2C+vytvo%C5%99%C3%AD+z%C3%A1vislost%2C+hl%C3%A1s%C3%A1&rft.pub=idnes.cz&rft.date=2021-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idnes.cz%2Fzpravy%2Fzahranicni%2Fslovensko-robert-fico-smer-ockovani-covid-19-pfizer.A210911_092600_zahranicni_ajez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère2010415-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère2010415_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/QeAT98l/zurila-pandemia-a-fico-stval-davy-bez-rusok-proti-vlade-hygienici-dali-smeru-niekolkotisicovu-pokutu/">"Zúrila pandémia a Fico štval davy bez rúšok proti vláde. Hygienici dali Smeru niekoľkotisícovú pokutu"</a> (in Slovak). aktuality.sk. 6 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Z%C3%BArila+pand%C3%A9mia+a+Fico+%C5%A1tval+davy+bez+r%C3%BA%C5%A1ok+proti+vl%C3%A1de.+Hygienici+dali+Smeru+nieko%C4%BEkotis%C3%ADcov%C3%BA+pokutu&rft.pub=aktuality.sk&rft.date=2022-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aktuality.sk%2Fclanok%2FQeAT98l%2Fzurila-pandemia-a-fico-stval-davy-bez-rusok-proti-vlade-hygienici-dali-smeru-niekolkotisicovu-pokutu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaBruyère2010413-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaBruyère2010413_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dennikn.sk/1040340/pred-styrmi-rokmi-sa-fico-prijatim-istanbulskeho-dohovoru-chvalil-teraz-ho-odmieta-a-hadze-na-radicovu/">"Pred štyrmi rokmi sa Fico prijatím Istanbulského dohovoru chválil, teraz ho odmieta a hádže na Radičovú"</a> (in Slovak). Denník N. 25 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pred+%C5%A1tyrmi+rokmi+sa+Fico+prijat%C3%ADm+Istanbulsk%C3%A9ho+dohovoru+chv%C3%A1lil%2C+teraz+ho+odmieta+a+h%C3%A1d%C5%BEe+na+Radi%C4%8Dov%C3%BA&rft.pub=Denn%C3%ADk+N&rft.date=2018-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdennikn.sk%2F1040340%2Fpred-styrmi-rokmi-sa-fico-prijatim-istanbulskeho-dohovoru-chvalil-teraz-ho-odmieta-a-hadze-na-radicovu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.facebook.com/robertficosk/videos/1315460512737174">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dennikn.sk/3858507/fico-zavolal-na-mdz-do-kosic-aj-glucka-ktory-sa-preslavil-recami-o-znasilneni-z-obrazovky-zdravil-pellegrini/?ref=tit">"Fico zavolal na MDŽ do Košíc aj Glücka, ktorý sa preslávil rečami o znásilnení. Z obrazovky zdravil Pellegrini"</a>. 29 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico+zavolal+na+MD%C5%BD+do+Ko%C5%A1%C3%ADc+aj+Gl%C3%BCcka%2C+ktor%C3%BD+sa+presl%C3%A1vil+re%C4%8Dami+o+zn%C3%A1silnen%C3%AD.+Z+obrazovky+zdravil+Pellegrini&rft.date=2024-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdennikn.sk%2F3858507%2Ffico-zavolal-na-mdz-do-kosic-aj-glucka-ktory-sa-preslavil-recami-o-znasilneni-z-obrazovky-zdravil-pellegrini%2F%3Fref%3Dtit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ta3.com/clanok/919353/fico-blaha-aj-danko-sa-klanali-nad-hrobom-husaka-post-bellum-nesetri-kritikou-a-nesuhlasi-s-manipulaciou-historie">"Fico, Blaha aj Danko sa klaňali nad hrobom Husáka. Post Bellum nešetrí kritikou a nesúhlasí s manipuláciou histórie"</a>. 11 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fico%2C+Blaha+aj+Danko+sa+kla%C5%88ali+nad+hrobom+Hus%C3%A1ka.+Post+Bellum+ne%C5%A1etr%C3%AD+kritikou+a+nes%C3%BAhlas%C3%AD+s+manipul%C3%A1ciou+hist%C3%B3rie&rft.date=2024-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ta3.com%2Fclanok%2F919353%2Ffico-blaha-aj-danko-sa-klanali-nad-hrobom-husaka-post-bellum-nesetri-kritikou-a-nesuhlasi-s-manipulaciou-historie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://domov.sme.sk/c/23239447/blaha-zvesil-portret-prezidentky-odstranil-vlajku-europskej-unie-kdh-ho-chce-odvolat.html">"Blaha zvesil portrét prezidentky Čaputovej - SME"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blaha+zvesil+portr%C3%A9t+prezidentky+%C4%8Caputovej+-+SME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdomov.sme.sk%2Fc%2F23239447%2Fblaha-zvesil-portret-prezidentky-odstranil-vlajku-europskej-unie-kdh-ho-chce-odvolat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dennikn.sk/3541939/na-oslavach-snp-ktore-zorganizoval-smer-vitali-aj-suju-z-republiky-publikum-rozhnevala-ukrajinska-vlajka/">"Na oslavách SNP, ktoré zorganizoval Smer, vítali aj Suju z Republiky. Publikum rozhnevala ukrajinská vlajka (+ video)"</a>. 29 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Na+oslav%C3%A1ch+SNP%2C+ktor%C3%A9+zorganizoval+Smer%2C+v%C3%ADtali+aj+Suju+z+Republiky.+Publikum+rozhnevala+ukrajinsk%C3%A1+vlajka+%28%2B+video%29&rft.date=2023-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdennikn.sk%2F3541939%2Fna-oslavach-snp-ktore-zorganizoval-smer-vitali-aj-suju-z-republiky-publikum-rozhnevala-ukrajinska-vlajka%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://hnonline.sk/slovensko/2192785-naka-zastavila-trestne-stihanie-pre-blahov-status-s-cervenou-hviezdou">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spravy.pravda.sk/parlamentne-volby-2023/clanok/684606-fico-pellegrini-a-danko-potvrdia-vznik-koalicie-podpisu-memorandum-o-porozumeni/">"Smer, Hlas a SNS sa dohodli, podpísali memorandum. SaS: Novú koalíciu budú spájať kšefty a korupcia"</a>. <i>Pravda.sk</i> (in Slovak). 11 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pravda.sk&rft.atitle=Smer%2C+Hlas+a+SNS+sa+dohodli%2C+podp%C3%ADsali+memorandum.+SaS%3A+Nov%C3%BA+koal%C3%ADciu+bud%C3%BA+sp%C3%A1ja%C5%A5+k%C5%A1efty+a+korupcia&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspravy.pravda.sk%2Fparlamentne-volby-2023%2Fclanok%2F684606-fico-pellegrini-a-danko-potvrdia-vznik-koalicie-podpisu-memorandum-o-porozumeni%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADirection+%E2%80%93+Social+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613070353/http://strana-smer.sk/">Official party website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Slovak)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120715020843/http://portal.ives.sk/registre/detailUplnyPS.do?action=uplny&formular=nazov&id=153097">Entry in Slovak Interior Ministry's Register of Parties</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Slovak)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SMER%E2%80%93SSD" title="Template talk:SMER–SSD"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SMER%E2%80%93SSD" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SMER–SSD"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Direction_–_Social_Democracy166" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/SMER%E2%80%93SSD" class="mw-redirect" title="SMER–SSD"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Direction – Social Democracy</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d82222; color:white;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Robert Fico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d82222; color:white;;width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMER_Newspapers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SMER Newspapers (page does not exist)">SMER Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Social_Democrats_(Slovakia)" title="Young Social Democrats (Slovakia)">Young Social Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d82222; color:white;;width:1%">Alliances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Party_of_European_Socialists236" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Template:Party of European Socialists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Template talk:Party of European Socialists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Party of European Socialists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Party_of_European_Socialists236" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>European Parliament group: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="Social Democratic Party of Austria">SPÖ</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/13px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/20px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/26px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Socialiste_(Belgium)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Socialiste (Belgium)">PS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vooruit_(political_party)" title="Vooruit (political party)">V</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Socialist_Party" title="Bulgarian Socialist Party">BSP/БСП</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">SDP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Social_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for Social Democracy">EDEK/ΕΔΕΚ</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_(Czech_Republic)" title="Social Democracy (Czech Republic)">SOCDEM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/15px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/30px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Denmark)" title="Social Democrats (Denmark)">A</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Estonia)" title="Social Democratic Party (Estonia)">SDE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Finland" title="Social Democratic Party of Finland">SDP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/15px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">PS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/15px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/30px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/PASOK_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_Change" title="PASOK – Movement for Change">PA.SO.K./ΠΑ.ΣΟ.Κ.</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/15px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Coalition_(Hungary)" title="Democratic Coalition (Hungary)">DK</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Socialist_Party" title="Hungarian Socialist Party">MSZP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Lab</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/15px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Italy)" title="Democratic Party (Italy)">PD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party_(2007)" title="Italian Socialist Party (2007)">PSI</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_%22Harmony%22" title="Social Democratic Party "Harmony"">Saskaņa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Lithuania" title="Social Democratic Party of Lithuania">LSDP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/15px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/30px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party">LSAP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/15px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/30px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Malta)" title="Labour Party (Malta)">PL</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Netherlands)" title="Labour Party (Netherlands)">PvdA</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Left_(Poland)" title="New Left (Poland)">NL</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/15px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/30px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(Portugal)" title="Socialist Party (Portugal)">PS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">PSD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMER-SD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats_(Slovenia)" title="Social Democrats (Slovenia)">SD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/15px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Swedish Social Democratic Party">SAP</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Member parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/15px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/23px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/30px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Norway)" title="Labour Party (Norway)">AP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Lab</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">SDLP</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated parties (EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Bulgarian_Social_Democrats" title="Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats">PBSD/БСДП</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Voice_-_Social_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice - Social Democracy">Hlas-SD</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/15px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/30px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">PS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/15px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Bosnia_and_Herzegovina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)">SDP BiH</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland"><img alt="Iceland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Alliance" title="Social Democratic Alliance">S</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><img alt="Kosovo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/15px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/30px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vet%C3%ABvendosje" title="Vetëvendosje">VV</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/15px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/30px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Socialists_of_Montenegro" title="Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro">DPS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Montenegro" title="Social Democratic Party of Montenegro">SDP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><img alt="North Macedonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/15px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Union_of_Macedonia" title="Social Democratic Union of Macedonia">SDSM/СДСМ</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Serbia)" title="Democratic Party (Serbia)">DS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><img alt="Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/11px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/17px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Social Democratic Party of Switzerland">SP/PS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/15px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">CHP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">HDP</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer parties (EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Social_Democratic_Workers%27_Party" title="Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party">LSDSP</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra"><img alt="Andorra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/15px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/23px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/30px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Andorra)" title="Social Democratic Party (Andorra)">PS</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation">ARF</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><img alt="Egypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/15px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/30px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Egyptian Social Democratic Party">ESDP/الديمقراطي</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/15px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/23px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/30px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Israel)" title="The Democrats (Israel)">Dem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/15px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/30px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party of Moldova">PDM</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/15px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/30px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Union_of_Popular_Forces" title="Socialist Union of Popular Forces">USPT</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus"><img alt="Northern Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republican_Turkish_Party" title="Republican Turkish Party">CTP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/15px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/30px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah/فتح</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino"><img alt="San Marino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/15px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_San_Marino.svg/30px-Flag_of_San_Marino.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Party of Socialists and Democrats">PSD</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Freedom_and_Justice" title="Party of Freedom and Justice">SSP</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Forum_for_Labour_and_Liberties" title="Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties">FDTL</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former observer parties (non-EU)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dream" title="Georgian Dream">GD</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Dr%C3%B6scher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Dröscher (page does not exist)">Wilhelm Dröscher</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Pontillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Pontillon (page does not exist)">Robert Pontillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Joop den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Const%C3%A2ncio" title="Vítor Constâncio">Vítor Constâncio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Spitaels" title="Guy Spitaels">Guy Spitaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Claes" title="Willy Claes">Willy Claes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Scharping" title="Rudolf Scharping">Rudolf Scharping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Robin Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Nyrup_Rasmussen" title="Poul Nyrup Rasmussen">Poul Nyrup Rasmussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Stanishev" title="Sergey Stanishev">Sergey Stanishev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_L%C3%B6fven" title="Stefan Löfven">Stefan Löfven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders in the <br /> European Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Guy Mollet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_Fayat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik Fayat (page does not exist)">Hendrik Fayat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Lapie_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Lapie (politician) (page does not exist)">Pierre Lapie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Birkelbach" title="Willi Birkelbach">Willi Birkelbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A4te_Strobel" title="Käte Strobel">Käte Strobel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Vals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Vals (page does not exist)">Francis Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sp%C3%A9nale" title="Georges Spénale">Georges Spénale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Sp%C3%A9nale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Spénale (page does not exist)">Ludwig Spénale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Glinne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Glinne (page does not exist)">Ernest Glinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Arndt" title="Rudi Arndt">Rudi Arndt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Cot" title="Jean-Pierre Cot">Jean-Pierre Cot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Pauline Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Bar%C3%B3n" title="Enrique Barón">Enrique Barón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schulz" title="Martin Schulz">Martin Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannes_Swoboda" title="Hannes Swoboda">Hannes Swoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Pittella" title="Gianni Pittella">Gianni Pittella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udo_Bullmann" title="Udo Bullmann">Udo Bullmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iratxe_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Iratxe García">Iratxe García</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European Commissioners (2024–2029)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Micallef" title="Glenn Micallef">Glenn Micallef</a> (Intergenerational Fairness, Youth, Culture, and Sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_J%C3%B8rgensen" title="Dan Jørgensen">Dan Jørgensen</a> (Energy and Housing)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxana_M%C3%AEnzatu" title="Roxana Mînzatu">Roxana Mînzatu</a> (Executive VP for Skills, Education and Culture, Quality Jobs, and Social Rights)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Ribera" title="Teresa Ribera">Teresa Ribera</a> (Executive VP for Clean, Just and Competitive Transition)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maro%C5%A1_%C5%A0ef%C4%8Dovi%C4%8D" title="Maroš Šefčovič">Maroš Šefčovič</a> (Trade and Economic Security, Interinstitutional Relations, and Transparency)</li> <li><b>see <a href="/wiki/Von_der_Leyen_Commission_II" title="Von der Leyen Commission II">Von der Leyen Commission II</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Olaf Scholz</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Mette Frederiksen</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Robert Abela</a> (Malta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heads of state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier" title="Frank-Walter Steinmeier">Frank-Walter Steinmeier</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vella" title="George Vella">George Vella</a> (Malta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Higgins" title="Michael D. Higgins">Michael D. Higgins</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a> (Croatia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Slovakia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Slovakia&#124;link=Slovakia835" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_Slovakia" title="Template:Political parties in Slovakia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_parties_in_Slovakia" title="Template talk:Political parties in Slovakia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_parties_in_Slovakia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political parties in Slovakia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Slovakia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Slovakia&#124;link=Slovakia835" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Slovakia" title="List of political parties in Slovakia">Political parties in Slovakia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Slovakia" title="National Council of Slovakia">National Council</a><br /><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/2023_Slovak_parliamentary_election" title="2023 Slovak parliamentary election">2023</a> (150 seats)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Direction – Social Democracy</a> (42)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">Progressive Slovakia</a> (33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Voice – Social Democracy">Voice – Social Democracy</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Movement" title="Christian Democratic Movement">Christian Democratic Movement</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Solidarity" title="Freedom and Solidarity">Freedom and Solidarity</a> (11)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_(political_party)" title="Slovakia (political party)">Slovakia</a> (10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Party" title="Slovak National Party">Slovak National Party</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_/_Independent_Candidates" title="National Coalition / Independent Candidates">National Coalition / Independent Candidates</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Union_(Slovakia)" title="Christian Union (Slovakia)">Christian Union</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_the_People_(Slovakia)" title="For the People (Slovakia)">For the People</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOVA_(Slovakia)" title="NOVA (Slovakia)">New Majority</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Conservative_Party_(Slovakia)" title="Civic Conservative Party (Slovakia)">Civic Conservative Party</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Slovakia)" title="Democrats (Slovakia)">Democrats</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independents</a> (2)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a><br /><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Slovakia" title="2024 European Parliament election in Slovakia">2024</a> (15 seats)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Slovakia" title="Progressive Slovakia">Progressive Slovakia</a> (6)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Direction – Social Democracy</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Movement" title="Republic Movement">Republic</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Voice – Social Democracy">Voice – Social Democracy</a> (1)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Movement" title="Christian Democratic Movement">Christian Democratic Movement</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extra-parliamentary parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_for_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative for Slovakia (page does not exist)">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jablko" title="Jablko">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blues_%E2%80%93_ES" title="The Blues – ES">Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Team_Bratislava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Team Bratislava (page does not exist)">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most-H%C3%ADd" class="mw-redirect" title="Most-Híd">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_from_Below" title="Change from Below">Change from Below</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Democrats_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civic Democrats of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Civic Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Sense_(Slovak_political_party)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Sense (Slovak political party) (page does not exist)">Common Sense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Slovakia" title="Communist Party of Slovakia">Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(Slovakia)" title="Dawn (Slovakia)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democrats_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democrats of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Democratic_and_Christian_Union_%E2%80%93_Democratic_Party" title="Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party">Democrats and Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forum_(Slovak_political_party)" title="Forum (Slovak political party)">Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Home_National_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Home National Party (page does not exist)">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Alliance_(Slovak_political_party)" title="Hungarian Alliance (Slovak political party)">Hungarian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Initiative_of_Minorities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Initiative of Minorities (page does not exist)">Initiative of Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/99%25_%E2%80%93_Civic_Voice" title="99% – Civic Voice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karma_(political_party)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karma (political party) (page does not exist)">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%A1ice_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Košice Party (page does not exist)">Košice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlebists_%E2%80%93_People%27s_Party_Our_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia">Kotlebists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Labour_of_Slovak_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labour of Slovak Nation (page does not exist)">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Let_Us_Try_It_Differently&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Let Us Try It Differently (page does not exist)">Let Us Try It Differently</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_%E2%80%93_National_Party" title="Life – National Party">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayors_and_Independents_(Slovakia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayors and Independents (Slovakia) (page does not exist)">Mayors and Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Modern_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Modern Slovakia (page does not exist)">Modern Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_Municipalities_and_Cities_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of Municipalities and Cities Slovakia (page does not exist)">Municipalities and Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HEART_Patriots_and_Pensioners_%E2%80%93_Slovak_National_Unity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HEART Patriots and Pensioners – Slovak National Unity (page does not exist)">National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Team_Nitra_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Team Nitra Region (page does not exist)">Nitra Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_PATRIOT" title="Slovak PATRIOT">Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patriotic_Bloc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patriotic Bloc (page does not exist)">Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_%E2%80%93_Slovakia" title="Pirate Party – Slovakia">Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovak_Revival_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovak Revival Movement (page does not exist)">Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Party_of_the_Romani_Coalition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Party of the Romani Coalition (page does not exist)">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Team_Ru%C5%BEinov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Team Ružinov (page does not exist)">Ružinov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovexit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovexit (page does not exist)">Slovexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialisti.sk" title="Socialisti.sk">Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Together_Citizens_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Together Citizens of Slovakia (page does not exist)">Together Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt_Slovakia" title="Volt Slovakia">Volt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Family_(Slovakia)" title="We Are Family (Slovakia)">We Are Family</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_Connect_People_of_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="We Connect People of Slovakia (page does not exist)">We Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=We_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="We Slovakia (page does not exist)">We Slovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significant defunct parties (post-1989)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Civic_Understanding" title="Party of Civic Understanding">Civic Understanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coexistence_(political_party)" title="Coexistence (political party)">Coexistence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Choice" title="Common Choice">Common Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrats_of_Slovakia" title="Conservative Democrats of Slovakia">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Democracy_(Slovakia)" title="Movement for Democracy (Slovakia)">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Democratic_Left_(Slovakia)" title="Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia)">Democratic Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_%E2%80%93_Movement_for_a_Democratic_Slovakia" title="People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia">Democratic Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Democratic_Coalition" title="Slovak Democratic Coalition">Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Choice" title="Good Choice">Good Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Slovakia)" title="Green Party (Slovakia)">Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_(Slovak_political_party)" title="Homeland (Slovak political party)">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Christian_Democratic_Movement" title="Hungarian Christian Democratic Movement">Hungarian Christian Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Conservative_Party" title="Slovak Conservative Party">Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_New_Citizen" title="Alliance of the New Citizen">New Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Against_Violence" title="Public Against Violence">Public Against Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Slovakia" title="Social Democratic Party of Slovakia">Social Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Togetherness" title="Slovak Togetherness">Togetherness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Have_Had_Enough!" title="We Have Had Enough!">We Have Had Enough!</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Slovakia" title="Politics of Slovakia">Politics of Slovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821929#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata865" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821929#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata865" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821929#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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