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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Port%C3%A1l_Wikipedie" title="O projektu, jak můžete pomoci, kde hledat"><span>Komunitní portál</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:Pod_l%C3%ADpou" title="Hlavní diskusní fórum"><span>Pod lípou</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hlavn%C3%AD_strana" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cs.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Wikipedie: Otevřená encyklopedie" 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class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Hledat na Wikipedii" aria-label="Hledat na Wikipedii" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Prohledat tuto wiki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciální:Hledání"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hledat</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osobní nástroje"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Změnit vzhled velikosti písma, šířky stránky a barvy" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vzhled" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vzhled</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=cs.wikipedia.org&uselang=cs" class=""><span>Podpořte Wikipedii</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Vytvo%C5%99it_%C3%BA%C4%8Det&returnto=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez" title="Doporučujeme vytvořit si účet a přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné" class=""><span>Vytvoření účtu</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:P%C5%99ihl%C3%A1sit&returnto=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez" title="Doporučujeme vám přihlásit se, ovšem není to povinné. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Přihlášení</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stránky pro odhlášené editory <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:%C3%9Avod" aria-label="Více informací o editování"><span>dozvědět se více</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_p%C5%99%C3%ADsp%C4%9Bvky" title="Seznam editací provedených z této IP adresy [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Příspěvky</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Moje_diskuse" title="Diskuse o editacích provedených z této IP adresy [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Technika_dřevořezu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technika_dřevořezu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Technika dřevořezu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technika_dřevořezu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dřevořez_v_umění" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dřevořez_v_umění"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dřevořez v umění</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dřevořez_v_umění-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Obsah" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dřevořez</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 56 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="خشيب – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خشيب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksiloqrafiya" title="Ksiloqrafiya – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ksiloqrafiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Дрэварыт – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дрэварыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Дрэварыт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дрэварыт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ксилография – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ксилография" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvorez" title="Drvorez – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drvorez" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilografia" title="Xilografia – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xilografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Ксилографи – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ксилографи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torlun_pren" title="Torlun pren – velština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Torlun pren" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A6snit" title="Træsnit – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Træsnit" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="nejlepší článek"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holzschnitt" title="Holzschnitt – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Holzschnitt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9E%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ξυλογραφία – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ξυλογραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Woodcut" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksilografio" title="Ksilografio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ksilografio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilograf%C3%ADa" title="Xilografía – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xilografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puul%C3%B5ige" title="Puulõige – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Puulõige" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilografia" title="Xilografia – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xilografia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE_%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="چاپ چوبی – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چاپ چوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puupiirros" title="Puupiirros – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Puupiirros" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylographie" title="Xylographie – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xylographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilograf%C3%ADa" title="Xilografía – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xilografía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9A_%D7%A2%D7%A5" title="חיתוך עץ – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיתוך עץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvorez" title="Drvorez – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drvorez" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fametszet" title="Fametszet – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fametszet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylographia" title="Xylographia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Xylographia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukil_kayu" title="Cukil kayu – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cukil kayu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A9skur%C3%B0armynd" title="Tréskurðarmynd – islandština" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tréskurðarmynd" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilografia" title="Xilografia – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xilografia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB" title="木版画 – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="木版画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A9%ED%8C%90%ED%99%94" title="목판화 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="목판화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ксилография – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ксилография" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylographia" title="Xylographia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Xylographia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holzschn%C3%ABtt" title="Holzschnëtt – lucemburština" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Holzschnëtt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lucemburština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokgriezums" title="Kokgriezums – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kokgriezums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Дрвопис – makedonština" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дрвопис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtsnede" title="Houtsnede – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Houtsnede" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tresnitt" title="Tresnitt – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tresnitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drzeworyt" title="Drzeworyt – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drzeworyt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilogravura" title="Xilogravura – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xilogravura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilogravur%C4%83" title="Xilogravură – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Xilogravură" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ксилография – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ксилография" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvorez" title="Drvorez – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drvorez" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ලී අච්චු කලාව – sinhálština" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලී අච්චු කලාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodcut" title="Woodcut – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Woodcut" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevorez" title="Drevorez – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Drevorez" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesorez" title="Lesorez – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lesorez" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drvorez" title="Drvorez – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Drvorez" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A4snitt" title="Träsnitt – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Träsnitt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89" title="ภาพพิมพ์แกะไม้ – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาพพิมพ์แกะไม้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksilografi" title="Ksilografi – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ksilografi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ксилографія – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ксилографія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksilografiya" title="Ksilografiya – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ksilografiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BA%AFc_g%E1%BB%97" title="Khắc gỗ – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khắc gỗ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E7%89%88%E7%94%BB" title="木版画 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="木版画" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%BB%E7%89%88%E7%95%AB" title="木刻版畫 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="木刻版畫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E5%88%BB%E7%95%AB" title="木刻畫 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="木刻畫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&oldid=22784686" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o 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href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Woodcut" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q173242" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:88-minerali._Rena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/88-minerali._Rena.jpg/220px-88-minerali._Rena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/88-minerali._Rena.jpg/330px-88-minerali._Rena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/88-minerali._Rena.jpg/440px-88-minerali._Rena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1717" data-file-height="1874" /></a><figcaption><i>Roztloukání kamenů.</i><br />Dřevořez, 1511</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Durer_Revelation_Four_Riders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Durer_Revelation_Four_Riders.jpg/220px-Durer_Revelation_Four_Riders.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Durer_Revelation_Four_Riders.jpg/330px-Durer_Revelation_Four_Riders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Durer_Revelation_Four_Riders.jpg/440px-Durer_Revelation_Four_Riders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1855" data-file-height="2631" /></a><figcaption><i>Čtyři jezdci apokalypsy.</i><br />Dřevořez <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrechta Dürera</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dřevořez</b> je stará grafická technika <a href="/wiki/Tisk" title="Tisk">tisku z výšky</a>. Na rozdíl od <a href="/wiki/D%C5%99evoryt" title="Dřevoryt">dřevorytu</a> se tisková matrice připravuje z podélného řezu dřeva. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technika_dřevořezu"><span id="Technika_d.C5.99evo.C5.99ezu"></span>Technika dřevořezu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Technika dřevořezu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Technika dřevořezu"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dřevořez se tiskne z vyhlazené dřevěné desky (štočku), která je řezaná ze dřeva podél kmene, po létech. Proto bývá u dřevořezových tisků patrná kresba dřeva a je tím také ovlivněn směr a způsob rytí, protože rytí po létech je mnohem snazší než proti nim. Grafik vybírá různými dlátky a noži ze štočku to, co má být ve výsledném tisku bílé. </p><p>Původním dřevořezovým postupem je odebírat okolí kresby a vytvářet tak žebrovitě vystupující černou linii pozdějšího tisku, která musí být poměrně silná, aby se zamezilo jejímu prasknutí. Od 15. století se ale objevují dřevořezy, na kterých je odřezána linie kresby a pozadí je tmavé, tzv. <b>dřevořezy bílé linie</b>. Za vynálezce této techniky je považován Švýcar Urs Graf (1485-1528).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V moderní době se kombinují oba přístupy. </p><p>Ve snaze přiblížit dřevořez tónované plastické kresbě na barevném papíře byl počátkem 16. století zaveden <b>šerosvitový dřevořez (chiaroscuro, fr. clair-obscur, camaieu)</b>. Barevných půltónů bylo dosaženo soutiskem z několika desek v jediné barvě nebo kombinací více barev.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prvenství je připisováno Jostu de Negkerovi (1508) v Nizozemsku a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugo_da_Carpi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugo da Carpi (stránka neexistuje)">Ugo da Carpimu</a> (1516) v Itálii.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Za nejvýznamnější tvůrce, kteří pracovali touto technikou jsou považováni <a href="/wiki/Hans_Burgkmair_star%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Hans Burgkmair starší">Hans Burgkmair starší</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Baldung" title="Hans Baldung">Hans Baldung Grien</a> v Německu, <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Goltzius" title="Hendrik Goltzius">Hendrik Goltzius</a> v Nizozemí, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste-Louis_Lep%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste-Louis Lepère (stránka neexistuje)">Auguste-Louis Lepère</a> a <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a> ve Francii, z českých grafiků <a href="/wiki/Karel_Vik" title="Karel Vik">Karel Vik</a> a J. Rambousek.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Deska se před tiskem naválí barvou, přiloží se na ni papír a grafika se mírným tlakem a třením otiskne. K tisku lze použít lis, ale dodnes se často tiskne i ručně, tlakem ruky nebo tiskařské kostice. Při takovém způsobu tisku se deska tolik neopotřebovává, nehrozí ulomení reliéfní linie a grafik může ještě ovlivnit výslednou podobu tisku, takže každý list je svým způsobem unikát. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dřevořez_v_umění"><span id="D.C5.99evo.C5.99ez_v_um.C4.9Bn.C3.AD"></span>Dřevořez v umění</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Dřevořez v umění" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Dřevořez v umění"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dřevořez byl znám už od <a href="/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk" title="Starověk">starověku</a>. Mezi první předchůdce dřevořezu patřila podobně jako u <a href="/wiki/Kamenoryt" title="Kamenoryt">kamenorytu</a> různá razítka starých <a href="/wiki/Starov%C4%9Bk%C3%BD_Egypt" title="Starověký Egypt">Egypťanů</a> a <a href="/wiki/Babylonie" title="Babylonie">Babylóňanů</a>. Staří <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADman%C3%A9" title="Římané">Římané</a> používali tzv. „<i>tesserae signatoriae</i>“, kterými označovali své jmění. Pestrý tisk vzorů na látky byl znám v <a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orientu</a> již od <a href="/wiki/4._stolet%C3%AD_p%C5%99._n._l." title="4. století př. n. l.">4. století př. n. l.</a>, ale rozvoj techniky dřevořezu nastal po rozšíření výroby papíru. Kolem roku 650 byly dřevěné štočky užity poprvé k tisku buddhistických textů za dynastie <a href="/wiki/%C5%98%C3%AD%C5%A1e_Tchang" title="Říše Tchang">Tchang</a> (<a href="/wiki/618" title="618">618</a>–<a href="/wiki/906" title="906">906 n. l.</a>). Doklady využití dřevořezového štočku k tisku v <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Koreji</a> pocházejí z roku <a href="/wiki/751" title="751">751 n. l.</a> Nejstarší dochovanou knihou s dřevořezovými ilustracemi je <i>Diamantová sútra</i> z roku <a href="/wiki/868" title="868">868</a>. Součástí čínské kultury a <a href="/wiki/Buddhismus" title="Buddhismus">buddhismu</a> v <a href="/wiki/Japonsko" title="Japonsko">Japonsku</a> se technika dřevořezu stala koncem 8. století a mezi prvními tisky byly hrací karty.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Odtud se karty obchodními cestami dostaly do <a href="/wiki/Indie" title="Indie">Indie</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán">Íránu</a> a kolem roku 1 000 do <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypta</a>. Do Evropy se dostaly prostřednictvím mořeplavců ve 13. století přes Španělsko. </p><p>První užití dřevořezu v Evropě bylo k tisku karet, iniciál v knihách a výjevů s náboženskou tematikou. Patrně nejstarším dokladem je fragment <i>Ukřižování</i> z let 1370–1380, nalezený v <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con" title="Mâcon">Mâconu</a> ve <a href="/wiki/Francie" title="Francie">Francii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> První evropské dřevořezy vznikaly již kolem roku 1400 v okolí <a href="/wiki/Bavorsko" title="Bavorsko">Bavorska</a> a <a href="/wiki/Salcbursko" title="Salcbursko">Solnohradska</a>. Měly nahradit barevné <a href="/wiki/Miniatura_(mal%C3%AD%C5%99stv%C3%AD)" title="Miniatura (malířství)">miniatury</a> v rukopisech a byly proto určeny ke kolorování. Z českých zemí patrně pochází dřevořez <i>Kristus v Getsemanské zahradě</i> (konec 14. století) a <i>Odpočinek na útěku do Egypta</i> (kolem 1410).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V roce <a href="/wiki/1461" title="1461">1461</a> vytiskl německý knihtiskař činný v <a href="/wiki/Bamberk" title="Bamberk">Bamberku</a> Albrecht Pfister (asi 1420 – před 1466) sbírku bajek <i>Der Edelstein</i> (Drahokam) švýcarského mnicha Ulricha Bonera (latinsky Bonerius, působícího v <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bernu</a> v letech 1324–1349). Tato publikace, obsahující cyklus 203 obrysových dřevořezů, je považována za nejstarší knihu ilustrovanou dřevořezem.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V 15. století techniku využíval <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg" title="Johannes Gutenberg">Johannes Gutenberg</a> k ilustračnímu tisku knih. </p><p>Vynález <a href="/wiki/Knihtisk" title="Knihtisk">knihtisku</a> kolem roku 1440 přinesl pravý rozkvět dřevořezu. Souvisel s rozvojem výroby a rozšířením papíru. Zásluhou dřevořezu a knihtisku přestávalo být umění přepychem a bylo dosažitelné i pro průměrného měšťana. Grafiky byly nejprve do knih vlepovány, protože tehdejší doba neuměla v tisku technicky zvládnout různou výšku liter a štočku. Hlavními centry ilustrovaných knih byla německá města <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a> a později <a href="/wiki/Norimberk" title="Norimberk">Norimberk</a>. Z této tradice vyšel i geniální grafik <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_D%C3%BCrer" title="Albrecht Dürer">Albrecht Dürer</a>. Mezi jeho hlavní dřevořezové cykly patří <i>Malé pašije</i>, <i>Velké pašije</i>, <i>Apokalypsa</i>, <i>Život Mariin</i>. Mezi tzv. malé mistry (<i>Nürnberg Kleinmeister</i>) je počítán <a href="/wiki/Hans_Leonhard_Sch%C3%A4ufelein" title="Hans Leonhard Schäufelein">Hans Schäufelein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Cranach_star%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Lucas Cranach starší">Lucas Cranach starší</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Holbein_mlad%C5%A1%C3%AD" title="Hans Holbein mladší">Hans Holbein mladší</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucas_van_Leyden" title="Lucas van Leyden">Lucas van Leyden</a>. </p><p>Technika dřevořezu dále přetrvávala v lidové a pololidové tvorbě a byla znovu oživena na konci 19. století, kdy umělcům (jako byl <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gauguin" title="Paul Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>) vyhovovala jeho plošnost, jednoduchost, přírodní materiál a starobylost. Dřevořez byl velmi oblíben mezi <a href="/wiki/Expresionismus" title="Expresionismus">expresionisty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a>). Zcela specifickou odnož dřevořezu tvoří <a href="/wiki/Japonsk%C3%BD_d%C5%99evo%C5%99ez" title="Japonský dřevořez">japonský dřevořez</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krejča A, 1981, s. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco J, 1981, s. 211-213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krejča A, 1981, s. 29-30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baleka J, 1997, s. 138</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> Quatr.US study guides: History of Playing Cards. <i>quatr.us</i> [online]. [cit. 20-07-2017]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421003447/http://quatr.us/games/playingcards.htm">Dostupné v archivu</a> pořízeném dne 21-04-2017.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelperiodika&rft.jtitle=quatr.us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquatr.us%2Fgames%2Fplayingcards.htm&rft.atitle=Quatr.US+study+guides%3A+History+of+Playing+Cards"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Odehnal A, 2005, s. 18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Krejča A, 1981, s. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://is.muni.cz/do/rect/el/estud/prif/ps09/antropol/web/terms/d/dr345evor345ez.txt?lang=cs">Barbora Půtová, dřevořez</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>BALEKA Jan, Výtvarné umění. Výkladový slovník. Malířství, sochařství, grafika, Academia Praha 1997, <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/80-200-0609-5" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/80-200-0609-5"><span class="ISBN">80-200-0609-5</span></a></span></li> <li>KREJČA Aleš, Grafické techniky, Artia Praha 1981</li> <li>MARCO Jindřich, O grafice: kniha pro sběratele a milovníky umění, Mladá fronta Praha 1981</li> <li>BOUDA Cyril, Grafické techniky, Praha 1979</li> <li>HOURA Miroslav, Jak se dívat na grafiku, Praha 1971</li> <li>RAMBOUSEK Jan, Dřevořez, dřevoryt a příbuzné techniky, Praha 1957</li> <li>Kolektiv: Všeobecná encyklopedie v osmi svazcích, Praha 1999</li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zikmund_Winter" title="Zikmund Winter">WINTER, Zikmund</a>. <i>Český průmysl a obchod v 16. věku</i>. Praha: Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/mlp/view/uuid:f8dcd5d0-8989-11dd-b018-0030487be43a?page=uuid:d39c9750-898a-11dd-86c9-0030487be43a">Dostupné online</a>. Kapitola <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/mlp/view/uuid:f8dcd5d0-8989-11dd-b018-0030487be43a?page=uuid:7bd6fd40-8a65-11dd-8492-0030487be43a">Grafika a knihtisk</a>, s. 538-563.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=%C4%8Cesk%C3%BD+pr%C5%AFmysl+a+obchod+v+16.+v%C4%9Bku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalniknihovna.cz%2Fmlp%2Fview%2Fuuid%3Af8dcd5d0-8989-11dd-b018-0030487be43a%3Fpage%3Duuid%3Ad39c9750-898a-11dd-86c9-0030487be43a&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Zikmund&rft.atitle=Grafika+a+knihtisk&rft.place=Praha&rft.pub=%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1+akademie+c%C3%ADsa%C5%99e+Franti%C5%A1ka+Josefa+pro+v%C4%9Bdy%2C+slovesnost+a+um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD&rft.date=1913&rft.pages=538-563"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%99evoryt" title="Dřevoryt">Dřevoryt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukijo-e" title="Ukijo-e">Ukijo-e</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C5%99evo%C5%99ez&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky 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