CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135bd322f7346a3',cH: 'eO2lYJsFkoo.BCaKL9R_bpP.5t4jZlz0TW7PVIWbMOg-1739794905-1.2.1.1-07Syg9xcFlOvH6TsP5ov7YfOPb7ZKuzb.FQKi12WuKIcXeKlS8wvsNAAyGWbmqPA',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=John%20Ayoade&page=21&__cf_chl_tk=jIZRnjJZA2YCfOJgAniSc1vFUnKJanuhMcnUAtM8IZc-1739794905-1.0.1.1-8p5n.9969foSjKcgxpJdB8.kmg7o3gpmfkhTeUDq0Oc",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794905',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=John%20Ayoade&page=21&__cf_chl_f_tk=jIZRnjJZA2YCfOJgAniSc1vFUnKJanuhMcnUAtM8IZc-1739794905-1.0.1.1-8p5n.9969foSjKcgxpJdB8.kmg7o3gpmfkhTeUDq0Oc",md: "olKeNGVlkDXTrJ.lFIvjTy6_9JDNgGFgn.ubeGGzEb8-1739794905-1.2.1.1-QSLUV_nOyQZKXRp5cANBadNPbPcFXSVkyTwhOR6VNGTNfcgdaO0_0QNM3zaEHrncmUz78NktFyjs9n8CfNwyqOfvQhZnBb9GvNUCsLD1E9R42uhYdz9BYtHU0wJ1FOi5YYlR.ecz30QvrklqiQCBKQG8RmNdHnjM_yoorKqEciGyYjOaD5V2xgQpf5lpUjnB2.vKNBNt80sZ3GMRu7f0d6kcDJkbPDHZ0DrVRupNBNq7VpOVXoNwfj78XS.SeRDX5zAdbQvxgksRouNcSPEirDKTlL5RcKbyFDqAAiXoC6nsaA6UNiy8l8nSuvMuvHl4NwpeDV72YCotHwwk_hb2B7Rj7xAGMmqBzMfVnCVnFgzAC2Lmh6PwJdEsa68jpql6nKoU4gLWm6xcw7mMglvW6IAKi.SyXdvR.q8XYuQvi8waEkMxaP1UJxdToEKThZfgFeJjIQ08FdysBqTSRnCPbzijsd6X6X1csRQfkp2xU3LWJ3WPEql2sR0ACSYTHatvrB4c0eaxeI7tkoflXyvo8vJRAHO3G5Cz71WLPdOCKY9343aZSe4cIMi8sELt0cg1yFNJi9RjFw0Se740k1xNA20rPPMKe_6teYylBO7Sil59TH2mfPV.x4Q_UryF6Xi8nbno4ykS0X.o8qGbQw5j9BNWoMw4NsrlrRkAFMtBx868yIwJua5nWBjV_tnFb.w.Q4ZM7aCWlZRKr2QwbDuSi94Z5IFTNh5t_d8pJrdXMiQ_vfPAGXOcAytE6DeYAsKCwk3bIdlBz3lOnR9hdfcZdDiBMdI6rMVkBbBaV.AHmDGIH5A_sLgwSAep0a4RSkEeXa_JJUMK5qnfNp2e91uGoTPatpElZsnZO6LJS0A.vyyAJhwWpwqdTh9cce5EoNa9cHulAEyF_sXKMYTncaSDGjL5D.Pw6zs0ejrk2DBtMH5uRECgjCvSuU2uk.7qH9P3mWGlMmjdTUZGq.YufnrwlpQxz_6fmcy.NqqvocD8ulIbPOpXOv1q.w4_pwQ2ro9cZPvyuyP3T99RIW2DICjRuEH.P.uc4_mGu2PZ8lmpEHamM9yPslBf_fNqwcSm8JhuGm8pH7dv7.pB0HmihXmcEsAU9akOF7NBi8CWmh3iaAZ7BafOCAr3VcNMDZgJ9ty5DLOBf0IjS2XjjAxKf.PRxZYHiimRAQ_kN.NCbBG9RuMs3YMlcqKUEOS9fiodSviPa4BpRRhMDmnJTMTXMRbwbdn6zCN0Q2nLm3Tp3VO6AkOLQrleieJKH4ZuZ_9j9IlLsNfes.hPYLlAYSruzwdJHHOe0nWSDqZBFd2y_Ceajn0MC5V_OBl7D9pb2ZkN3QSDYiur5.erRUTFnu.ps7NTRMzz9Id9xTEqSwHLZAcPfOYscT8450itMU8Ezb.i01pNzUNWvcoVHM4TwOaHkOH1gIRBazSdF2OpfJq9N6QGHyWgHQxYqwVAveUy13KNpl7wcJpd1SDg1R2yTyz1AF9zDagEdZ1HXKym7eiNlbYNMF8AEG3gsnNJnECBji3IuK4YA6xXbrQzLI8NYr0DcVyHVgbKilzmpaNWLcRtJNzxEQRpFmgbf_6vOtaPXJgGbvSwVndA.GTr37CGc.gy9WUxWB1BiihiSSa0xDAuYI2siSOD_ZRVYg6ppHaBdwA0LM0HZw99f5la.Izmz1ar6aQyt3bDArUMIHOdzXdi3KQZbM3tN7Z9IT5WgJmv4hWtC6VebhdC3zQyJ.6mOHWfd99g_5SFy_ijuUBDvo__ty82N5HBU9o0dhsReXYBLAxj2GSnlwsfETcMycjk6EC1XEoXkHUGkgbG3V725iQDLdbm8TMq7EYn0nTSliG0mmf6nMWHares1f9M65v6zqblYHEdG7j1a2sG7ds2F9TDjg0HNspeM1xJygBpGbTQRy4_WhcFtf.4PA0YrUMM_M5So8a.TRTn9kshf.DoEwA8yrUM7Zlk2I.RD7vWLGL7axriLmBf",mdrd: "4I.HdunBaT5F1eh4Ybu9Ths2TMuRA1Y15ETWaHvDU7o-1739794905-1.2.1.1-R88UdJm3eb3XLh5E8qVUmNGd2eHt7rdG1MNE3P_mefkir2SoSPJMS6zVFzqT6yUh9Sm.DlZajZLIYS6Yt8eX.GYowAE.co75hTssWAdZ46ONtGRAYqNTb30T3nXCXOjn9n62Vpc8lwc7.CHZ10e6jM54WUWvLWBDpxeo5zl_yV5z2.S4jR5B7ciI5GnsNH6QY3PnBhrQluZDxSN3Qj5u1LdYsKu9IhL3GbJXILpfT26epKtFZXFgEkVDtnwfz9yo_9wGGtY8j04Mlu3CgTsNgGY7Ni0ynDUreMewkwjV184eTlE3rk67L57U4AYksSZ3384sZmYiIqbn0fgJW.i8lD4xhSh6nxBbb2qwoMJNlGBQuzYjysodA.fJB_1sUj.U8r0_ioMs96l8EwArJDlsg_4hi1JqRJTqNASqa_JFECK3QhND518tIOLgLs_PIh2CesGYiDFVfXtcRHVrOVONOxfXcwQBevs79HQJIRFFjoeMYM6m83yhKZMvCBAN8jjY9ieHJbJtqbX7jRlUY46nt2w2QSd82Xgdhu.pd.npmChcw_.Q5LD7uXERZfJUV1dJQFmYkBG27DczVF8aLv6vVEbcCNtvBXIAeRLe.XTZaaZlQFLut_RyAyerxX_H6eI0sLSwdb7z11OfVsJha1GBfHkzijfKuko.sFGq2zuqiLWFij643HSD9VzOnGAxrj1b8s89MVL7_aKaoohGwyTFopF0AeQ1dmOoSCW40xHV5K9dCcE3Y2zGLSGUzJMajEC.KeP7EPnnBmj6bKd7WJJkvi09ndqPjw37oMAGRKjnmCxx9KoRFk5iePIIf10O1tkMm3zb8XTVSbJ5o.o8yfowWkbpj4Rfc3WxzSlG6LqEzgrrHuAaZGoTXsDl7yvTsI5QFHmrGRg9u6ZSLwS7jeovh58JD6z.g78zPvZ8QuISI.E6AT8VoTF.PyHWuXz8f_Dnu1Ap8IqHG85zcIk_4B7GkDRuhZ1dkfRaBN1A2WyF1MXvXjx2rIH97HUmMpmRzgMbmNiFrlo1y_PCbi6kF29LQqlUlocKeFvUb2TJmhhVNfgQs3_tw4qrY4i.BBNxal5tXlebWUrcvincsPNxbKQG_UPUEH8pD_tbg0xw8eJpd91r6n3kI64nrsPSq7kp.AtK69m17JWxNZpN4SiizxbclfUXh7y4W5ZQaMSsJzEolQnvVfsKQT4XFap.12nIi4CM4cXmBVwoJ65ubOdRdDANolFYhqiNLBkCh5Vsc_g4sDcn_EWdEjYWbjafKIzpCkt3tTWXPDa2x.lTHFzRYJ3qkPn0I1UUDhhEMoAA.T6iTYfODWZnHkC.pIIp_gjaxLHtCYF7h8IzWHu68bM2KDRtduZzfmgfu.rudcvTp2xGMfOe8Gy7qeRyOSPU2WshCiuSHJu0n4EmZhYw0hkusS5BYUj_oSo8vebKlbZM.sYwD6hAcjdSPs19ep1Nd2lyBA_e4QX6eIrf2MRc9CbbbX8CfDLJAtXIoXQuUp9ImunHRNaEodspydk77D67ibzrzS9T33cZmhLYyHVEosuqfxwkjmtpiyUPnJWuE3klj5gKL.DJZf6lupPJm7JbfvGXMYZpqfuNE95f9aR8oAKFP44JAjF7Bj5wNlIFdO36FxyPGGQnBLiLssX6AuybMBgXQdWW31369iMlm5YzrjdUk7rp87wWnGPxvjBYfVww2AUJIbYLvtqjW6wQOOqqO1cLmr20UKi_A7Cc_YezYFDVE1_YbvnHB1zMgROljtdp73vnqbvb7N24lx_GnS5dHe90J3zvVDRTu5jrU8THIJ_d4_pOMVUpYcfqY_YL6Z31t3Elj7Ly5aHtbToDUIl.pzB1S46kYu2tYfpUPV5KBFvAhuI9Gh6enUHjEY7A_XynUZWCjeKdPzPM5pytJ5giTz8VXkp5bwpIPO8vPqECbbVVF.1PZSuPu9MyBVvQrZQwkS6emY1q1t70kVeBqpnsWoK4Ww_A6YoWEscYffNxI6Sv1YnZka2JulJbnGAkAXl3koTSpA0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135bd322f7346a3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=John%20Ayoade&page=21&__cf_chl_rt_tk=jIZRnjJZA2YCfOJgAniSc1vFUnKJanuhMcnUAtM8IZc-1739794905-1.0.1.1-8p5n.9969foSjKcgxpJdB8.kmg7o3gpmfkhTeUDq0Oc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>