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Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ইউরানোমেট্রিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউরানোমেট্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Уранаметрыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уранаметрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Уранамэтрыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Уранамэтрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ουρανομετρία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουρανομετρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%9D%BC%EB%85%B8%EB%A9%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="우라노메트리아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="우라노메트리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ուրանոմետրիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուրանոմետրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="אורנומטריה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורנומטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уранометрия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Уранометрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%A1%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="ウラノメトリア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウラノメトリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Уранометрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уранометрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="உரனோமெட்ரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரனோமெட்ரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranometria" title="Uranometria – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uranometria" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" 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href="/wiki/File:Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_(84129163).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884129163%29.jpg/300px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884129163%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884129163%29.jpg/450px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884129163%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884129163%29.jpg/600px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884129163%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11613" data-file-height="8529" /></a><figcaption><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Uranometria</i></span>'s page of the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> <a href="/wiki/Orion_(constellation)" title="Orion (constellation)">Orion</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Uranometria</i></span></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Star_atlas" class="mw-redirect" title="Star atlas">star atlas</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bayer" title="Johann Bayer">Johann Bayer</a>. It was published in <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a> in 1603 by Christoph Mang (<i>Christophorus Mangus</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the full title <b><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Uranometria: omnium asterismorum continens schemata, nova methodo delineata, aereis laminis expressa</i></span></b> (from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i>Uranometria, containing charts of all the <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellations</a>, drawn by a new method and engraved on copper plates</i>). The word "uranometria", from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BF%E1%BD%90%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:οὐρανός">οὐρανός</a><i> (ouranós)</i> '<a href="/wiki/Sky" title="Sky">sky</a>, heavens' and <i> </i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:μέτρον">μέτρον</a><i> (metron)</i> 'measure', literally translates to "measuring the heavens". </p><p>It was the first <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(cartography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas (cartography)">atlas</a> to cover the entire <a href="/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere">celestial sphere</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charts">Charts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranometria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_(84132277).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132277%29.jpg/300px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132277%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132277%29.jpg/450px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132277%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132277%29.jpg/600px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132277%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11678" data-file-height="8623" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_celestial_hemisphere" title="Northern celestial hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a> page from <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bayer" title="Johann Bayer">Johann Bayer</a>'s 1661 edition of Uranometria - the first <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlas</a> to have <a href="/wiki/Star_chart" title="Star chart">star charts</a> covering the entire <a href="/wiki/Celestial_sphere" title="Celestial sphere">celestial sphere</a></figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_(84132460).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132460%29.jpg/300px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132460%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132460%29.jpg/450px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132460%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132460%29.jpg/600px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884132460%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11680" data-file-height="8602" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Southern_celestial_hemisphere" title="Southern celestial hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a></figcaption></figure><p><i>Uranometria</i> contains 51 star charts, <a href="/wiki/Intaglio_(printmaking)" title="Intaglio (printmaking)">engraved on copper plates</a> by Alexander Mair (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1562–1617). The first 48 charts illustrate each of the 48 <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemaic</a> <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellations</a>. The 49th chart introduces 12 new constellations in the deep southern sky, which was unknown to Ptolemy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final two charts are <a href="/wiki/Planisphere" title="Planisphere">planispheres</a> labeled "<i>Synopsis coeli superioris borea</i>" and "<i>Synopsis coeli inferioris austrina</i>", or (roughly), "Overview of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_celestial_hemisphere" title="Northern celestial hemisphere">northern celestial hemisphere</a>" and "Overview of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_celestial_hemisphere" title="Southern celestial hemisphere">southern celestial hemisphere</a>". </p><p>Each plate includes a grid for accurately determining the position of each star to fractions of a <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degree</a>. The positions used by Bayer to create the <i>Uranometria</i> were taken from the expanded 1,005-star catalog of <a href="/wiki/Tycho_Brahe" title="Tycho Brahe">Tycho Brahe</a>. Brahe's expanded list had circulated in manuscript since 1598 and was available in graphic form on the celestial globes of <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Plancius" title="Petrus Plancius">Petrus Plancius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hondius" title="Hondius">Hondius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Willem_Blaeu" title="Willem Blaeu">Willem Blaeu</a>. It was first published in tabular form in <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kepler" title="Johannes Kepler">Johannes Kepler</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rudolphine_Tables" title="Rudolphine Tables">Rudolphine Tables</a></i> of 1627. </p><p><i>Uranometria</i> introduced the convention of labelling stars by Greek and Latin letters, known as <a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer designations</a>, a system still in use today.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of Brahe's catalog allowed for considerably better accuracy than Ptolemy's somewhat limited star listing. The stars listed in <i>Uranometria</i> total over 1,200, indicating that Brahe's catalog was not the only source of information used. Bayer took the southern star positions and constellation names for the 49th plate from the catalog of Dutch navigator <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Dirkszoon_Keyser" title="Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser">Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser</a>, who corrected the older observations of <a href="/wiki/Amerigo_Vespucci" title="Amerigo Vespucci">Amerigo Vespucci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Corsali" title="Andrea Corsali">Andrea Corsali</a>, as well as the report of <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Medina" title="Pedro de Medina">Pedro de Medina</a>. <i>Uranometria</i> contains many more stars than did any previous star atlas, though the exact number is disputed as not all stars on the charts are labeled. </p><p>The stars of each constellation are shown overlain on an engraved image of the subject of the constellation. Convention imagined the human figures facing the Earth, so that previous celestial maps, oriented as though the viewer were looking down upon the celestial sphere from the outside, showed the figures from behind. For many of the human figures, Mair retained this convention of illustrating the figure from behind—but Bayer's projection showed stars as seen from the Earth <i>looking up</i>. Thus, the orientation appears in mirror reflection from Ptolemy's description, leading to some confusion in the literal meanings of certain star names: names referring to the "right shoulder" and the like are incorrect from the perspective of some of <i>Uranometria</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> illustrations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Star_catalogue">Star catalogue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranometria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Star catalogue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first edition of <i>Uranometria</i> a table of stars was printed on the back of each plate. This made it difficult to consult the table while looking at the chart. Worse still, the lettering of the table showed through the page and spoiled the chart.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All later editions of the <i>Uranometria</i> omitted the tables, which were instead printed in a separate catalogue called <i>Explicatio characterum aeneis Uranometrias</i>. This separate catalogue was marred by numerous typographical errors which became worse with subsequent editions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title_page_engraving">Title page engraving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranometria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Title page engraving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_(84119771).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884119771%29.jpg/220px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884119771%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884119771%29.jpg/330px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884119771%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884119771%29.jpg/440px-Ioannis_Bayeri_Rhainani_Vranometria_1661_%2884119771%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5555" data-file-height="8363" /></a><figcaption>The title page</figcaption></figure> <p>The engraved title page of <i>Uranometria</i> is signed in the shadows of the central scroll at the bottom with the monogram AMF, for "Alexander Mair fecit", and the date MDCIII. It features an architectural motif with the full title in the center. On pedestals to either side stand figures of <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hercules" title="Hercules">Hercules</a>. Inscriptions in the pedestals read, "<i>Atlanti uetustiss astronom magistro</i>" ("Atlas the earliest teacher of astronomy") and "<i>Herculi uetustiss astronom discipulo</i>" ("Hercules the earliest student of astronomy"). Across the top of the title page are engraved several additional figures. In the upper left is <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, personifying the sun. Top center is the Earth goddess <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a> with a crown of stars and two lions on leashes. Upper right is <a href="/wiki/Diana_(mythology)" title="Diana (mythology)">Diana</a>, personifying the Moon, with a cape of stars. Under Apollo is inscribed "ΟΥΔΕΙΣ ΕΙΣΙΤΩ" (Oudis isíto) and under Diana is inscribed "ΑΓΕΟΜΕΤΡΗΤΟΣ" (ageométritos). "Ουδεις αγεωμέτρητος εισίτω" (Oudis ageométritos isíto) i.e. "Let no one ignorant of geometry enter" was supposedly inscribed at the entrance to Plato's Academy. Beneath the title banner is a figure of <a href="/wiki/Capricorn_(astrology)" title="Capricorn (astrology)">Capricorn</a> and beneath that a view of Augsburg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranometria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bayer_objects" title="Category:Bayer objects">Bayer objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_cartography" title="Celestial cartography">Celestial cartography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coelum_Stellatum_Christianum" title="Coelum Stellatum Christianum">Coelum Stellatum Christianum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_catalogue" title="Star catalogue">Star catalogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal_art#Ceiling" title="Grand Central Terminal art">Grand Central Terminal art § Ceiling</a>, ceiling mural created from Uranometria drawings</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranometria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christoph Mang was printing books at Augsburg with dates ranging 1567–1617, according to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_3536387">Johns Hopkins Library catalog</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217220307/https://catalyst.library.jhu.edu/catalog/bib_3536387">Archived</a> 2014-12-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <i>Uranometria</i> is the most famous work issuing from his press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/bayer-southern.html">Star Tales – Johann Bayer's southern star chart</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/bayer.html">Star Tales – Bayer letters</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.lindahall.org/permalink/01LINDAHALL_INST/19lda7s/alma991568213405961">Linda Hall Library. Bayer, Johann, Explicatio...Uranometrias</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/bayer.html#explicatio">The <i>Explicatio</i>, a flawed catalogue.</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uranometria&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uranometria" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Uranometria">Uranometria</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/doi/10.3931/e-rara-309"><i>Uranometria</i>, 1603</a> – Full digital facsimile, ETH-Bibliothek Zürich.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/library/historical/images-of-historical-objects-artwork-in-library/rare-books/images/bayer2">U. 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:ConstellationsByBayer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_12_constellations_based_on_observations_by_Pieter_Dirkszoon_Keyser_and_Frederick_de_Houtman_between_1595_and_1597_and_included_by_Johann_Bayer_in_the_1603_atlas_Uranometria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The 12 <a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">constellations</a> based on observations by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Dirkszoon_Keyser" title="Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser">Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_de_Houtman" title="Frederick de Houtman">Frederick de Houtman</a> between 1595 and 1597 and included by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bayer" title="Johann Bayer">Johann Bayer</a> in the 1603 atlas <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Uranometria</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apus" 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