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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuba_people_in_Khartoum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuba_people_in_Khartoum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Nuba people in Khartoum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuba_people_in_Khartoum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuba_Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuba_Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nuba Mountains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuba_Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_in_the_Nuba_Mountains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_the_Nuba_Mountains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>War in the Nuba Mountains</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-War_in_the_Nuba_Mountains-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle War in the Nuba Mountains subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-War_in_the_Nuba_Mountains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Second_Sudanese_Civil_War_(1983–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_Sudanese_Civil_War_(1983–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_Sudanese_Civil_War_(1983–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secession_of_South_Sudan_(2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secession_of_South_Sudan_(2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Secession of South Sudan (2011)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secession_of_South_Sudan_(2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9_(%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84)" title="نوبة (الجبال) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نوبة (الجبال)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuba" title="Nuba – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nuba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuba" title="Nuba – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nuba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblos_nuba" title="Pueblos nuba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblos nuba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubaoj" title="Nubaoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nubaoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noubas" title="Noubas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noubas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubijski_narodi" title="Nubijski narodi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nubijski narodi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku-suku_Nuba" title="Suku-suku Nuba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku-suku Nuba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanuba" title="Wanuba – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wanuba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noeba_(volkeren)" title="Noeba (volkeren) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noeba (volkeren)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8C%E3%83%90%E6%97%8F" title="ヌバ族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヌバ族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Нуба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нуба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuba" title="Nuba – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nuba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubat" title="Nubat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nubat" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group in Sudan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about indigenous ethnic groups who inhabit the Nuba Mountains of South Kordofan state in Sudan. For Nilo-Saharan ethnic group, see <a href="/wiki/Nubians" title="Nubians">Nubians</a>. For the people in Uganda, see <a href="/wiki/Nubians_(Uganda)" title="Nubians (Uganda)">Nubians (Uganda)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nuba" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nuba_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nuba (disambiguation)">Nuba (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nuba</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">3.7 million<sup id="cite_ref-Minority_Rights_Group_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minority_Rights_Group-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a>) and <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="Sudan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">3.7 million<sup id="cite_ref-Nuba_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuba-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span data-sort-value="South Sudan"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="570" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">70,000<sup id="cite_ref-Nuba_refugees_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuba_refugees-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadu_languages" title="Kadu languages">Kadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nyima_languages" title="Nyima languages">Nyima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Arabic" title="Sudanese Arabic">Sudanese Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional African religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Nuba people</b> are indigenous inhabitants of southern <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>. The Nuba are made up of 50 various indigenous <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> who inhabit the <a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan state</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encompassing multiple distinct people that speak <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Nuba_Mountains" title="Languages of the Nuba Mountains">different languages</a> which belong to at least two unrelated <a href="/wiki/Language_families" class="mw-redirect" title="Language families">language families</a>. Estimates of the Nuba population vary widely; the Sudanese government estimated that they numbered 2.07 million in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term Nuba should not be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Nubians" title="Nubians">Nubians</a>, an unrelated ethnic group speaking the <a href="/wiki/Nubian_languages" title="Nubian languages">Nubian languages</a> living in northern Sudan and southern Egypt,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the <a href="/wiki/Hill_Nubians" title="Hill Nubians">Hill Nubians</a>, who live in the Nuba Mountains, are also considered part of the Nubian people.<sup id="cite_ref-Winter-2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winter-2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dwellings">Dwellings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dwellings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuba_village.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nuba_village.jpg/300px-Nuba_village.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nuba_village.jpg/450px-Nuba_village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nuba_village.jpg/600px-Nuba_village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>A Nuba village in the <a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Nuba people reside in the foothills of the Nuba Mountains. Villages consist of family compounds. A family compound consists of a rectangular compound enclosing two round mud huts thatched with sorghum stalks facing each other called a <i>shal</i>. The <i>shal</i> is fenced with wooden posts interwoven with straw. Two benches run down the each side of the <i>shal</i> with a fire in the middle where families will tell stories and oral traditions. Around the <i>shal</i> is the much larger yard, the <i>tog</i> placed in front. The fence of the <i>tog</i> is made of strong tree branches as high as the roof of the huts. Small livestock like goats and chickens and donkeys are kept in the tog. Each compound has tall conical granaries called <i>durs</i> which stand on one side of the <i>tog</i>. At the back of the compound is a small yard where maize and vegetables like pumpkin, beans and peanuts are grown.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Nuba_Mountains" title="Languages of the Nuba Mountains">Languages of the Nuba Mountains</a></div> <p>The Nuba people speak <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Nuba_Mountains" title="Languages of the Nuba Mountains">various languages</a> not closely related to each other. Most of the Nuba people speak one of the many languages in the geographic <a href="/wiki/Kordofanian_languages" title="Kordofanian languages">Kordofanian languages</a> group of the <a href="/wiki/Nuba_Mountains" title="Nuba Mountains">Nuba Mountains</a>. This language group is primarily in the major <a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Congo_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Niger–Congo language family">Niger–Congo language family</a>. Several Nuba languages are in the <a href="/wiki/Nilo-Saharan_language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Nilo-Saharan language family">Nilo-Saharan language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bell-1995_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over one hundred languages are spoken in the area and are considered Nuba languages, although many of the Nuba also speak <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Arabic" title="Sudanese Arabic">Sudanese Arabic</a>, the common language of Sudan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nuba people are primarily farmers, as well as herders who keep cattle, chickens, and other domestic animals. They often maintain three different farms: a garden near their homes where vegetables needing constant attention, such as onions, peppers and beans, are grown; fields further up the hills where quick growing crops such as red millet can be cultivated without irrigation; and farms farther away, where white millet and other crops are planted.<sup id="cite_ref-Bedigian-1983_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bedigian-1983-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A distinctive characteristic of the Nuba people is their passion for athletic competition, particularly <a href="/wiki/Nuba_fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuba fighting">traditional wrestling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Anele-2020_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anele-2020-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strongest young men of a community compete with athletes from other villages for the chance to promote their personal and their village's pride and strength. In some villages, older men participate in club- or spear-fighting contests. The Nubas’ passion for physical excellence is also displayed through the young men's vanity—they often spend hours painting their bodies with complex patterns and decorations. This vanity reflects the basic Nuba belief in the power and importance of strength and beauty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religions">Religions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The primary religion of many Nuba people is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, with some <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, and traditional <a href="/wiki/Shamanistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamanistic">shamanistic</a> beliefs also prevailing.<sup id="cite_ref-MRG_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MRG-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslim Men wear a sarong and occasionally a skull cap. Older women and young women wear beads and wrap a sarong over their legs and sometimes a cloak tie on the shoulder. Both sexes practice scarification and <a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcision</a> for boys and <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> for girls. Some men shave their heads, older Muslim men wear skull caps and grow beards, women and girls braid their hair in strands and string it with beads. </p><p>The majority of the Nuba living in the east, west and northern parts of the mountains are Muslims, while those living to the south are either Christians or practice traditional animistic religions. In those areas of the Nuba mountains where Islam has not deeply penetrated, ritual specialists and priests hold as much control as the clan elders, for it is they who are responsible for rain control, keeping the peace, and rituals to ensure successful crops. Many are guardians of the shrines where items are kept to insure positive outcomes of the rituals (such as rain stones for the rain magic), and some also undergo what they recognize as spiritual possession.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Politics">Politics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1986 elections, the <a href="/wiki/National_Umma_Party_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="National Umma Party Sudan">National Umma Party</a> lost several seats to the Nuba Mountains General Union and to the Sudan National Party, due to the reduced level of support from the Nuba Mountains region. There is reason to believe that attacks by the government-supported militia, the Popular Defense Force (PDF), on several Nuba villages were meant to be in retaliation for this drop in support, which was seen as signaling increased support of the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan People's Liberation Army">SPLA</a>. The PDF attacks were particularly violent, and have been cited as examples of <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> that took place during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the military dictatorship of <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a>, Nuba people in the capital Khartoum were repeatedly attacked and some even killed by pro-government students and agents of the National Intelligence and Security Service. As a result of discrimination by governments and parts of the Sudanese society, Nuba people have been largely excluded from the official national Sudanese identity, and hardly ever been represented in the government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuba_people_in_Khartoum">Nuba people in Khartoum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Nuba people in Khartoum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the Nuba Cultural Heritage Festival in 2011 in Omdurman, Nuba residents of Greater Khartoum have been celebrating Nuba culture in the capital. Part of these celebrations has been the selection of educated, young Nuba women as Beauty Queens of the Nuba Mountains. In 2014, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natalina_Yacoub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natalina Yacoub (page does not exist)">Natalina Yacoub</a>, at the time a student at <a href="/wiki/Ahfad_University_for_Women" title="Ahfad University for Women">Ahfad University for Women</a>, was chosen as Nuba Beauty Queen and subsequently gave the first <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TEDx</a> talk of a Nuba person.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being a member of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Sudan" title="Christianity in Sudan">Christian minority in Sudan</a>, she presented a Christmas gift on 24 December 2019 to then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Abdalla_Hamdok" title="Abdalla Hamdok">Abdalla Hamdok</a>, who subsequently tweeted: "This is the Sudan we dream of. One that respects diversity and enables all Sudanese citizens to practice their faith in a safe and dignified environment."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuba_Mountains">Nuba Mountains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nuba Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noresize thumb tright" style=";"> <div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:302px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="height:302px; overflow:hidden; position:relative; background-color:white;"> <div style=";left:-350px; top:-580px; width:1000px; position:absolute;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Sudan_(New).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nuba Mountains in Southern Kordofan, Sudan"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Map_of_Sudan_%28New%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="902" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;"> </div> <div style="visibility:hidden"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Sudan_(New).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Map_of_Sudan_%28New%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="646" height="583" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="646" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Sudan_(New).jpg" title="File:Map of Sudan (New).jpg"> </a></div>Nuba Mountains in Southern Kordofan, Sudan</div> </div></div><p> In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the Nuba Mountains were part of the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Alodia" title="Alodia">Alodia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaulding199849_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaulding199849-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nuba people reside in one of the most remote and inaccessible places in all of Sudan, the foothills of the Nuba Mountains in central Sudan. At one time the area was considered a place of refuge, bringing together people of many different tongues and backgrounds who were fleeing oppressive governments and slave traders. </p><p>The Nuba Mountains mark the southern border of the sands of the desert and the northern limit of good soils washed down by the Nile River. Many Nuba, however, have migrated to the Sudanese capital of Khartoum to escape persecution and the effects of Sudan's civil war. Most of the rest of the 1,000,000 Nuba people live in villages and towns of between 1,000 and 50,000 inhabitants in areas in and surrounding the Nuba mountains. Nuba villages are often built where valleys run from the hills out on to the surrounding plains, because water is easier to find at such points and wells can be used all year long. There is no political unity among the various Nuba groups who live on the hills. Often the villages do not have chiefs, but are instead organized into clans or extended family groups with village authority left in the hands of clan elders.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_in_the_Nuba_Mountains">War in the Nuba Mountains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: War in the Nuba Mountains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_Sudanese_Civil_War_(1983–2005)"><span id="Second_Sudanese_Civil_War_.281983.E2.80.932005.29"></span>Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After some earlier incursions by the SPLA, the Second Sudanese Civil War started full scale in the Nuba Mountains when the Volcano Battalion of the SPLA under the command of the Nuba <a href="/wiki/Yousif_Kuwa_Mekki" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousif Kuwa Mekki">Yousif Kuwa Mekki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_Adam_al-Hillu" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel Aziz Adam al-Hillu">Abdel Aziz Adam al-Hillu</a> entered the mountains and began to recruit Nuba volunteers and send them to SPLA training facilities in Ethiopia. The volunteers walked to Ethiopia and back and many of them perished on the way. </p><p>During the war, the SPLA generally held the mountains, while the Sudanese Army held the towns and fertile lands at the feet of the mountains, but was generally unable to dislodge the SPLA, even though the latter was usually undersupplied. The Governments of Sudan under <a href="/wiki/Sadiq_al-Mahdi" title="Sadiq al-Mahdi">Sadiq al-Mahdi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a> also <a href="/wiki/Muraheleen" title="Muraheleen">armed militias of Baggara Arabs</a> to fight the Nuba and transferred many Nuba forcibly to camps. </p><p>In early 2002, the Government and the SPLA agreed on an internationally supervised ceasefire. International observers and advisors were quickly dispatched to Kadugli and several deployed into the mountains to co-located with SPLA command elements, with the base camp located in <a href="/wiki/Kauda,_Sudan" title="Kauda, Sudan">Kauda</a>. </p><p>At that time, al-Hillu was the governor of the Nuba Mountains. During the course of the following months, relief supplies from the UN were airdropped to stem the starvation of many in the mountains. </p><p>The ceasefire in Nuba Mountains was the foundation for the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Peace_Agreement" title="Comprehensive Peace Agreement">Comprehensive Peace Agreement</a> (CPA) signed in January 2005. This fragile peace remains in force, but infighting in the south, plus the Government of Sudan involvement in Darfur have resulted in issues which may break the peace agreement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secession_of_South_Sudan_(2011)"><span id="Secession_of_South_Sudan_.282011.29"></span>Secession of South Sudan (2011)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Secession of South Sudan (2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Southern Sudan voted to secede from Sudan in the <a href="/wiki/2011_South_Sudanese_independence_referendum" title="2011 South Sudanese independence referendum">2011 South Sudanese independence referendum</a>. This provision was agreed to in the CPA. This resaulted in the formation of a new country, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>, from the southern portion of Sudan. However, conflict between northern and southern forces, and against the Nuba peoples was renewed again in the region in 2011 in <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_conflict_in_South_Kordofan_and_Blue_Nile" title="Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile">South Kordofan and Blue Nile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aljazeera.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aljazeera.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Local filmmaker Roopa Gogineni documented <i>Bisha TV</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a satirical muppet show popular throughout the Nuba lands, which serves as an "example of how people use comedy to deal with authoritarian rule." The show mocks Sudan's President <a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a>, depicting him as the killer of children and bomber of hospitals. A short documentary by Gogineni includes an apparent bombing of Kauda by an <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-12" title="Antonov An-12">Antonov An-12</a> aircraft, as well as a public screening of <i>Bisha TV</i> in front of dozens of local residents.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyes_and_Ears_Of_God_%E2%80%93_Video_surveillance_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyes and Ears Of God – Video surveillance of Sudan">Eyes and Ears Of God – Video surveillance of Sudan</a></i> (2012) film by peace activist <a href="/wiki/Tomo_Kri%C5%BEnar" title="Tomo Križnar">Tomo Križnar</a> on YouTube. The documentary film shows ethnic Nuba civilians defending themselves with the help of over 400 cameras distributed by Križnar and Klemen Mihelič, the founder of humanitarian organisation H.O.P.E., to volunteers across the war zones in the Nuba Mountains, the Blue Nile, and Darfur, documenting the (North) Sudanese military's <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> against local populations.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a>, known for her 1930s documentary films <i><a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Olympia_(1938_film)" title="Olympia (1938 film)">Olympia</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, published two collections of her photographs of Nuba peoples, entitled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_of_the_Nuba" title="The Last of the Nuba">The Last of the Nuba</a></i> (1973) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Kau" title="The People of Kau">The People of Kau</a></i> (1976).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuba_Conversations" title="Nuba Conversations">Nuba Conversations</a></i> (2000), a <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">ethnographic film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Howes" title="Arthur Howes">Arthur Howes</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilling_people" title="Dilling people">Dilling people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiban_Nuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Heiban Nuba">Heiban Nuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulfan_people" title="Ghulfan people">Ghulfan people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadaru_people" title="Kadaru people">Kadaru people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katla_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Katla people">Katla people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanga_people" title="Kanga people">Kanga people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karko_people" title="Karko people">Karko people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiga_people" title="Keiga people">Keiga people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keiga_Jirru" class="mw-redirect" title="Keiga Jirru">Keiga Jirru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalib_Nuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Koalib Nuba">Koalib Nuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krongo_Nuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Krongo Nuba">Krongo Nuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logol_people" title="Logol people">Logol people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_Nuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Moro Nuba">Moro Nuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuba_fighting" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuba fighting">Nuba fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyimang" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyimang">Nyimang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otoro_Nuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Otoro Nuba">Otoro Nuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagale_people" title="Tagale people">Tagale people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talodi_people" title="Talodi people">Talodi people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira_people" title="Tira people">Tira people</a></li></ul> </div> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuba_peoples" title="Category:Nuba peoples">Index: Nuba peoples</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Nuba_Mountains" title="Languages of the Nuba Mountains">Languages of the Nuba Mountains</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Minority_Rights_Group-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/minorities/nuba/">"Sudan: Nuba"</a>. Miniority Rights Group. 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan%3A+Nuba&rft.pub=Miniority+Rights+Group&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fminorities%2Fnuba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nuba-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nuba_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/minorities/nuba/">"Sudan: Nuba"</a>. Miniority Rights Group. 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan%3A+Nuba&rft.pub=Miniority+Rights+Group&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fminorities%2Fnuba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nuba_refugees-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nuba_refugees_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nubareports.org/is-the-un-failing-sudanese-refugees-in-unity-state/">"Nuba refugees from South Kordofan State seek out a new life in Yida, South Sudan"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Suffolk, England: James Currey. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847010544" title="Special:BookSources/9781847010544"><bdi>9781847010544</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disrupting+Territories+%3A+Land%2C+Commodification+and+Conflict+in+Sudan&rft.place=Suffolk%2C+England&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=James+Currey&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781847010544&rft.aulast=Rottenburg&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Calkins%2C+Sandra&rft.au=Gertel%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/South_Kordofan" title="South Kordofan">South Kordofan</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuarak2011" class="citation book cs1">Guarak, Mawut Achiecque Mach (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/704063380"><i>Integration and fragmentation of the Sudan : an African renaissance</i></a>. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. pp. 30–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4567-2355-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4567-2355-2"><bdi>978-1-4567-2355-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/704063380">704063380</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integration+and+fragmentation+of+the+Sudan+%3A+an+African+renaissance&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F704063380&rft.isbn=978-1-4567-2355-2&rft.aulast=Guarak&rft.aufirst=Mawut+Achiecque+Mach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F704063380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winter-2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winter-2000_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2000" class="citation cs2">Winter, Roger (2000), Spaulding, Jay; Beswick, Stephanie (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000409023759/https://refugees.org/news/crisis/sudan_nuba.htm">"The Nuba People: Confronting Cultural Liquidation"</a>, <i>White Nile Black Blood: War, Leadership, and Ethnicity from Khartoum to Kampala</i>, Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://refugees.org/news/crisis/sudan_nuba.htm">the original</a> on 2000-04-09</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=White+Nile+Black+Blood%3A+War%2C+Leadership%2C+and+Ethnicity+from+Khartoum+to+Kampala&rft.atitle=The+Nuba+People%3A+Confronting+Cultural+Liquidation&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frefugees.org%2Fnews%2Fcrisis%2Fsudan_nuba.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bell-1995-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bell-1995_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell1995" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, Herman (1995-12-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://org.uib.no/smi/sa/tan/nuba.html">"The Nuba Mountains: Who Spoke What in 1976?"</a>. <i>A Communication Presented to the Third Conference on Language in Sudan</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Communication+Presented+to+the+Third+Conference+on+Language+in+Sudan&rft.atitle=The+Nuba+Mountains%3A+Who+Spoke+What+in+1976%3F&rft.date=1995-12-03&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forg.uib.no%2Fsmi%2Fsa%2Ftan%2Fnuba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bedigian-1983-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bedigian-1983_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBedigianHarlan1983" class="citation journal cs1">Bedigian, Dorothea; Harlan, Jack R. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4254532">"Nuba Agriculture and Ethnobotany, with Particular Reference to Sesame and Sorghum"</a>. <i>Economic Botany</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 384–395. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02904199">10.1007/BF02904199</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4254532">4254532</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41581798">41581798</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Botany&rft.atitle=Nuba+Agriculture+and+Ethnobotany%2C+with+Particular+Reference+to+Sesame+and+Sorghum&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=384-395&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41581798%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4254532%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02904199&rft.aulast=Bedigian&rft.aufirst=Dorothea&rft.au=Harlan%2C+Jack+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4254532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anele-2020-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anele-2020_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnele2020" class="citation web cs1">Anele, Uzonna (January 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://listwand.com/nuba-wrestling-a-look-into-sudans-nuba-people-and-their-traditional-wrestling-culture/">"Nuba Wrestling: A Look into Sudan's Nuba People and their Traditional Wrestling Culture"</a>. <i>listwand.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=listwand.com&rft.atitle=Nuba+Wrestling%3A+A+Look+into+Sudan%27s+Nuba+People+and+their+Traditional+Wrestling+Culture&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft.aulast=Anele&rft.aufirst=Uzonna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flistwand.com%2Fnuba-wrestling-a-look-into-sudans-nuba-people-and-their-traditional-wrestling-culture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MRG-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MRG_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorityrights.org/minorities/nuba/">"Sudan: Nuba"</a>. Miniority Rights Group. 19 June 2015. <q>Some traditional religions survive but most Nuba have been converted to Islam or Christianity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan%3A+Nuba&rft.pub=Miniority+Rights+Group&rft.date=2015-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorityrights.org%2Fminorities%2Fnuba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salih (1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElbagir2016" class="citation news cs1">Elbagir, Yousra (2016-07-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/07/sudanese-beauty-queen-natalina-yaqoub-demands-end-nuba-mountain-bombing">"Meet the radical beauty queen taking on the Sudanese regime"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Meet+the+radical+beauty+queen+taking+on+the+Sudanese+regime&rft.date=2016-07-07&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Elbagir&rft.aufirst=Yousra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjul%2F07%2Fsudanese-beauty-queen-natalina-yaqoub-demands-end-nuba-mountain-bombing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmin2019" class="citation web cs1">Amin, Mohammed (2019-12-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/christmas-returns-sudan-message-unity-and-equality">"Sudan celebrates Christmas publicly for first time in 10 years"</a>. <i>Middle East Eye</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Sudan+celebrates+Christmas+publicly+for+first+time+in+10+years&rft.date=2019-12-25&rft.aulast=Amin&rft.aufirst=Mohammed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fchristmas-returns-sudan-message-unity-and-equality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaulding199849-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaulding199849_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpaulding1998">Spaulding 1998</a>, p. 49.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFSpaulding1998 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aljazeera.com-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aljazeera.com_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/11/2011111313442277256.html">"Sudan rebels form alliance to oust president"</a>. Al Jazeera English. 13 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111114193755/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2011/11/2011111313442277256.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sudan+rebels+form+alliance+to+oust+president&rft.date=2011-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2011%2F11%2F2011111313442277256.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/BishaTV/">"Bisha TV"</a>. <i>Facebook</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Bisha+TV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FBishaTV%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGogineni2017" class="citation news cs1">Gogineni, Roopa (2017-10-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/03/opinion/the-rebel-puppeteers-of-sudan.html">"The Rebel Puppeteers of Sudan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Rebel+Puppeteers+of+Sudan&rft.date=2017-10-03&rft.aulast=Gogineni&rft.aufirst=Roopa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F10%2F03%2Fopinion%2Fthe-rebel-puppeteers-of-sudan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomokriznar.com/ang/index.php?li=filmi">About the documentary</a> on <a href="/wiki/Tomo_Kri%C5%BEnar" title="Tomo Križnar">Tomo Križnar</a>'s website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽerdin2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Žerdin, Ali (3 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.delo.si/sobotna/dzuba-wau-pariang-benetke.html">"Portret tedna: Tomo Križnar"</a>. <i>old.delo.si</i> (in Slovenian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=old.delo.si&rft.atitle=Portret+tedna%3A+Tomo+Kri%C5%BEnar&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=%C5%BDerdin&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fold.delo.si%2Fsobotna%2Fdzuba-wau-pariang-benetke.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOp_'t_Ende2007" class="citation book cs1">Op 't Ende, Nanne (2007). <i>Proud to be Nuba: Faces and Voices : Stories of a Long Struggle</i>. Code X Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-78233-02-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-78233-02-2"><bdi>978-90-78233-02-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proud+to+be+Nuba%3A+Faces+and+Voices+%3A+Stories+of+a+Long+Struggle&rft.pub=Code+X+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-90-78233-02-2&rft.aulast=Op+%27t+Ende&rft.aufirst=Nanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalih1999" class="citation book cs1">Salih, Mohamed (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780792356523"><i>Environmental Politics and Liberation in Contemporary Africa</i></a>. Environment & Policy. Vol. 18. Springer Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-015-9165-2">10.1007/978-94-015-9165-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-5652-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-5652-3"><bdi>978-0-7923-5652-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Politics+and+Liberation+in+Contemporary+Africa&rft.series=Environment+%26+Policy&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-015-9165-2&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-5652-3&rft.aulast=Salih&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.springer.com%2Fgp%2Fbook%2F9780792356523&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeligmann1910" class="citation journal cs1">Seligmann, Brenda Z. (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3347771&view=1up&seq=175">"Note on the language of the Nubas of Southern Kordofan"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen</i>. <b>1</b>. D. Reimer: 167–88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Kolonialsprachen&rft.atitle=Note+on+the+language+of+the+Nubas+of+Southern+Kordofan&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=167-88&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Seligmann&rft.aufirst=Brenda+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.b3347771%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1963" class="citation journal cs1">Stevenson, R. C. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716839">"Some Aspects of the Spread of Islam in the Nuba Mountains"</a>. <i>Sudan Notes and Records</i>. <b>44</b>: 9–20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0375-2984">0375-2984</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716839">41716839</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Some+Aspects+of+the+Spread+of+Islam+in+the+Nuba+Mountains&rft.volume=44&rft.pages=9-20&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716839%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0375-2984&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stevenson, R.C., <i>Adjectives in Nyimang</i> offprint, as above</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1962" class="citation journal cs1">Stevenson, R. C. (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716826">"Linguistic Research in the Nuba Mountains - I"</a>. <i>Sudan Notes and Records</i>. <b>43</b>: 118–130. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0375-2984">0375-2984</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716826">41716826</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Linguistic+Research+in+the+Nuba+Mountains+-+I&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=118-130&rft.date=1962&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716826%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0375-2984&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716826&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1964" class="citation journal cs1">Stevenson, R. C. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716860">"Linguistic Research in the Nuba Mountains - II"</a>. <i>Sudan Notes and Records</i>. <b>45</b>: 79–102. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0375-2984">0375-2984</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716860">41716860</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=Linguistic+Research+in+the+Nuba+Mountains+-+II&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=79-102&rft.date=1964&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716860%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0375-2984&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1940" class="citation journal cs1">Stevenson, R. C. (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716394">"The Nyamang of the Nuba Mountains of Kordofan"</a>. <i>Sudan Notes and Records</i>. <b>23</b> (1): 75–98. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0375-2984">0375-2984</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41716394">41716394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Notes+and+Records&rft.atitle=The+Nyamang+of+the+Nuba+Mountains+of+Kordofan&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=75-98&rft.date=1940&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716394%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0375-2984&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41716394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1984" class="citation book cs1">Stevenson, R. C. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000871010"><i>The Nuba people of Kordofan Province: an ethnographic survey</i></a>. Khartoum, Sudan: Graduate College, University of Khartoum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-020-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86372-020-8"><bdi>978-0-86372-020-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nuba+people+of+Kordofan+Province%3A+an+ethnographic+survey&rft.place=Khartoum%2C+Sudan&rft.pub=Graduate+College%2C+University+of+Khartoum&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-86372-020-8&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F000871010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel2012" class="citation book cs1">Samuel, Totten (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/genocide-attrition-totten-samuel/10.4324/9780203790861"><i>Genocide by Attrition : The Nuba Mountains of Sudan</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203790861">10.4324/9780203790861</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-79086-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-79086-1"><bdi>978-0-203-79086-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+by+Attrition+%3A+The+Nuba+Mountains+of+Sudan&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203790861&rft.isbn=978-0-203-79086-1&rft.aulast=Samuel&rft.aufirst=Totten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2Fgenocide-attrition-totten-samuel%2F10.4324%2F9780203790861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTottenGrzyb2015" class="citation book cs1">Totten, Samuel; Grzyb, Amanda F., eds. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/conflict-nuba-mountains-samuel-totten-amanda-grzyb/e/10.4324/9780203755877"><i>Conflict in the Nuba Mountains : From Genocide-by-Attrition to the Contemporary Crisis in Sudan</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203755877">10.4324/9780203755877</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135015350" title="Special:BookSources/9781135015350"><bdi>9781135015350</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+in+the+Nuba+Mountains+%3A+From+Genocide-by-Attrition+to+the+Contemporary+Crisis+in+Sudan&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203755877&rft.isbn=9781135015350&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2Fconflict-nuba-mountains-samuel-totten-amanda-grzyb%2Fe%2F10.4324%2F9780203755877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuba_peoples&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nuba_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nuba people">Nuba people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomokriznar.com/index.php/en/">"Tomo Križnar in Sudan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tomo+Kri%C5%BEnar+in+Sudan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomokriznar.com%2Findex.php%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span> - A Slovenian peace activist in Sudan, helping the Nuba peoples</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190124202724/http://www.nubasurvival.com/">"Nuba Survival"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nubasurvival.com/">the original</a> on 2019-01-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuba+Survival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nubasurvival.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span> Nuba indigenous rights organization</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinter2000" class="citation web cs1">Winter, Roger (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raceandhistory.com/historicalviews/nuba.htm">"The Nuba and their Homeland"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nuba+and+their+Homeland&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Winter&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raceandhistory.com%2Fhistoricalviews%2Fnuba.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990128130556/http://www.hf-fak.uib.no/institutter/smi/sa/tan/nuba.html">"Nuba Languages"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hf-fak.uib.no/institutter/smi/sa/tan/nuba.html">the original</a> on 1999-01-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuba+Languages&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hf-fak.uib.no%2Finstitutter%2Fsmi%2Fsa%2Ftan%2Fnuba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041205013044/http://www.nubasurvival.com/Nuba%20Culture/Nuba%20Culture%20index.htm">"Nuba Culture"</a>. <i>nubasurvival.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nubasurvival.com/Nuba%20Culture/Nuba%20Culture%20index.htm">the original</a> on 2004-12-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nubasurvival.com&rft.atitle=Nuba+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nubasurvival.com%2FNuba%2520Culture%2FNuba%2520Culture%2520index.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANuba+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.occasionalwitness.com">The Nuba Mountains Homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenubian.net/settlement.php">The Linguistic Settlement of the Nuba Mountains</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nubapeople.com">Nuba People by Fr. Yousif William </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL61773FC2FF46F738&feature=plcp">Full documentary about the sufferings of the Nuba</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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