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<span>The plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vyborg_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vyborg_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vyborg offensive</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vyborg_offensive-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vyborg offensive subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vyborg_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Valkeasaari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valkeasaari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Valkeasaari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valkeasaari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kuuterselkä" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kuuterselkä"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kuuterselkä</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kuuterselkä-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siiranmäki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siiranmäki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Siiranmäki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siiranmäki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vyborg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vyborg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Vyborg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vyborg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Virojoki–Lappeenranta_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virojoki–Lappeenranta_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Virojoki–Lappeenranta offensive</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Virojoki–Lappeenranta_offensive-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Virojoki–Lappeenranta offensive subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Virojoki–Lappeenranta_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Koivisto_landing_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koivisto_landing_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Koivisto landing operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koivisto_landing_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tienhaara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tienhaara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Tienhaara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tienhaara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tali–Ihantala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tali–Ihantala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Tali–Ihantala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tali–Ihantala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viborg_Bay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viborg_Bay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Viborg Bay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viborg_Bay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vuosalmi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vuosalmi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Vuosalmi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vuosalmi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Svir–Petrozavodsk_offensive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svir–Petrozavodsk_offensive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Svir–Petrozavodsk offensive</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Svir–Petrozavodsk_offensive-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Svir–Petrozavodsk offensive subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Svir–Petrozavodsk_offensive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Svir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Svir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuloksa_landing_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuloksa_landing_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Tuloksa landing operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuloksa_landing_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nietjärvi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nietjärvi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Nietjärvi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nietjärvi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilomantsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilomantsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Ilomantsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilomantsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%BA%E2%80%93%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%83" title="هجوم فيبروغ–بيتروزافودسك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هجوم فيبروغ–بيتروزافودسك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Виборгско-Петрозаводска операция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виборгско-Петрозаводска операция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk-offensiven" title="Vyborg–Petrozavodsk-offensiven – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vyborg–Petrozavodsk-offensiven" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyborg-Petrosawodsker_Operation" title="Wyborg-Petrosawodsker Operation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wyborg-Petrosawodsker Operation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_de_V%C3%ADborg-Petrozavodsk" title="Ofensiva de Víborg-Petrozavodsk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ofensiva de Víborg-Petrozavodsk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="حمله ویبورگ-پتروزاودسک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حمله ویبورگ-پتروزاودسک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensive_Vyborg-Petrozavodsk" title="Offensive Vyborg-Petrozavodsk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Offensive Vyborg-Petrozavodsk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%ED%98%91_%EB%8C%80%EA%B3%B5%EC%84%B8" title="지협 대공세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지협 대공세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk" title="Serangan Vyborg–Petrozavodsk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan Vyborg–Petrozavodsk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offensiva_Vyborg-Petrozavodsk" title="Offensiva Vyborg-Petrozavodsk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Offensiva Vyborg-Petrozavodsk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%E2%80%93%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%90%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%A7" title="מתקפת ויבורג–פטרוזאבודסק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתקפת ויבורג–פטרוזאבודסק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyborgo_operacija" title="Vyborgo operacija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vyborgo operacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B0-%E3%83%9A%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%AF%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="ヴィボルグ-ペトロザヴォーツク攻勢 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィボルグ-ペトロザヴォーツク攻勢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk" title="Ofensiva Vyborg–Petrozavodsk – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ofensiva Vyborg–Petrozavodsk" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operacja_wyborsko-pietrozawodzka" title="Operacja wyborsko-pietrozawodzka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Operacja wyborsko-pietrozawodzka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofensiva_de_Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk" title="Ofensiva de Vyborg–Petrozavodsk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ofensiva de Vyborg–Petrozavodsk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Выборгско-Петрозаводская операция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Выборгско-Петрозаводская операция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannaksen_suurhy%C3%B6kk%C3%A4ys_1944" title="Kannaksen suurhyökkäys 1944 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kannaksen suurhyökkäys 1944" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Виборзько-Петрозаводська операція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Виборзько-Петрозаводська операція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A0%A1-%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E7%BE%85%E6%89%8E%E6%B2%83%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="維堡-彼得羅扎沃茨克攻勢 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="維堡-彼得羅扎沃茨克攻勢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1944 Soviet military offensive against Finland during the Continuation War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnish_soldiers_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Finnish_soldiers_1944.jpg/300px-Finnish_soldiers_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Finnish_soldiers_1944.jpg/450px-Finnish_soldiers_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Finnish_soldiers_1944.jpg/600px-Finnish_soldiers_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="4561" /></a></span><br />Finnish soldiers at the <a href="/wiki/VT-line" title="VT-line">VT-line</a> of fortifications during the offensive in June 1944</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>June 10 – August 9, 1944<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-13_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Karelo-Finnish_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic">Karelo-Finnish SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad Oblast</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Soviet victory </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Armistice" title="Moscow Armistice">Moscow Armistice</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Soviets recapture East Karelia and southern Karelian Isthmus.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim" title="Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim">C.G.E. Mannerheim</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Lennart_Oesch" title="Karl Lennart Oesch">Karl Lennart Oesch</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Govorov" title="Leonid Govorov">Leonid Govorov</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Meretskov" title="Kirill Meretskov">Kirill Meretskov</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_II_Corps_(Continuation_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish II Corps (Continuation War)">II Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_III_Corps_(Continuation_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish III Corps (Continuation War)">III Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_IV_Corps_(Continuation_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish IV Corps (Continuation War)">IV Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_V_Corps_(Continuation_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish V Corps (Continuation War)">V Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_VI_Corps_(Continuation_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish VI Corps (Continuation War)">VI Corps</a></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad Front</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="21st Army (Soviet Union)">21st Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="23rd Army (Soviet Union)">23rd Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="56th Army (Soviet Union)">56th Army</a></li></ul> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union"><img alt="Soviet Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Front" title="Karelian Front">Karelian Front</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="7th Army (Soviet Union)">7th Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="32nd Army (Soviet Union)">32nd Army</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 75,000 soldiers (Karelian Isthmus, initially)<br />268,000 soldiers (after reinforcements both Karelian Isthmus and Karelian Front)<br />1,930 artillery pieces<br />110 tanks / assault guns (30–40 modern, StuG III, T-34, KV-1)<br />248 aircraft (only 50 were modern, Bf 109, Ju 88)<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-13_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 451,500 soldiers (+5 new divisions were sent later to Karelian Isthmus)<sup id="cite_ref-losses_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losses-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />10,500 artillery pieces<br />800 tanks<br />1,600 aircraft<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-13_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-13-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>Karelian Isthmus:</b> 9,300 deceased and 32,400 wounded (June 9 – July 15)<br />3,000 captured (all fronts)<br /><b>Karelian Front:</b> 3,600 deceased and 12,100 wounded (June 9 – July 15). Based on database of deceased Finnish military persons excluding non-battle deaths.<br /><b>Total:</b> 12,932 soldiers deceased (June 9 – July 15 in all fronts and all military branches) and 2,786 (July 16 – August 9.)<br /><b>Deceased soldiers in all fronts</b> (June 9 – August 9, 1944): 10,008 KIA, 2,870 DOW (died of wounds), 2,802 MIA and confirmed deceased, 39 died in captivity, 726 non-combat deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-Arkistolaitos_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arkistolaitos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>Vyborg Offensive:</b><br />Leningrad Front (10–20 June)<br />6,018 KIA & MIA<br />24,011 WIA & sick. Finnish estimation based on Soviet data and recalculations of losses including reinforcements and all units (Tapio Tiihonen, 2000): 60,000 KIA, WIA, MIA (52,000 losses of units and 8,000 losses of replacements.)<sup id="cite_ref-losses_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losses-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Svir-Petrozavodsk Offensive:</b> Karelian Front (21 June – 9 August)<br />16,924 KIA & MIA<br />46,679 WIA & sick.<sup id="cite_ref-losses_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losses-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Virojoki-Lappeenranta Offensive (Finnish estimate based on Soviet data):</b> Leningrad Front (21 June – 15 July)<br />15,000 KIA & MIA<br />53,000 WIA & sick. Finnish estimation (Tapio Tiihonen, 2000): 129,000 KIA, WIA, MIA (based on recalculation of Soviet data, units, reinforcements. Tiihonen found contradictory information there.)<br /><b>Total military losses of Soviet offensive in Karelian Isthmus:</b> (June 9 – July 18): 100,000 to 189,000 KIA, WIA and MIA<sup id="cite_ref-Tiihonen_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiihonen-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manninen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manninen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><b>Baltic Fleet and Lake Ladoga / Lake Onega Detachments</b> (Whole duration) 732 KIA & MIA<br />2,011 WIA & sick.<sup id="cite_ref-losses_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losses-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span 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<dl><dt>1941</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Barbarossa</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_Brest_Fortress" title="Defense of Brest Fortress">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bia%C5%82ystok%E2%80%93Minsk" title="Battle of Białystok–Minsk">Białystok–Minsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_operation" title="Baltic operation">1st Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brody_(1941)" title="Battle of Brody (1941)">Brody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Operation München">Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Smolensk_(1941)" title="Battle of Smolensk (1941)">1st Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uman" title="Battle of Uman">Uman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Odessa" title="Siege of Odessa">Odessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">1st Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_evacuation_of_Tallinn" title="Soviet evacuation of Tallinn">Tallinn</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Leningrad</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sea_of_Azov" title="Battle of the Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="First Battle of Kharkov">1st Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_campaign" title="Crimean campaign">1st Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rostov_(1941)" title="Battle of Rostov (1941)">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Gorky</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Moscow</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kerch_Peninsula" title="Battle of the Kerch Peninsula">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare_during_Operation_Barbarossa" title="Aerial warfare during Operation Barbarossa">Air war 1941</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1942</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyuban" title="Battle of Lyuban">Lyuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barvenkovo%E2%80%93Lozovaya_offensive" title="Barvenkovo–Lozovaya offensive">Barvenkovo–Lozovaya</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Rzhev" title="Battles of Rzhev">Rzhev</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets%E2%80%93Kholm_offensive" title="Toropets–Kholm offensive">Toropets–Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyansk_Pocket" title="Demyansk Pocket">Demyansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholm_Pocket" title="Kholm Pocket">Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bamberg" title="Operation Bamberg">Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">2nd Kharkov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Case Blue</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Caucasus" title="Battle of the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev–Sychyovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinyavino_offensive_(1942)" title="Sinyavino offensive (1942)">Sinyavino</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velikiye_Luki" title="Battle of Velikiye Luki">Velikiye Luki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mars" title="Operation Mars"><i>Mars</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Little_Saturn" title="Operation Little Saturn"><i>Little Saturn</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1943</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iskra" title="Operation Iskra"><i>Iskra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogozhsk%E2%80%93Rossosh_offensive" title="Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh offensive">Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh%E2%80%93Kharkov_offensive" title="Voronezh–Kharkov offensive">Voronezh–Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polar_Star" title="Operation Polar Star"><i>Polar Star</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">3rd Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Gorky Blitz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Kursk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_strategic_offensive_(July_1943)" title="Donbas strategic offensive (July 1943)">1st Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod%E2%80%93Kharkov_offensive_operation" title="Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation">Belgorod-Kharkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_strategic_offensive_(August_1943)" title="Donbas strategic offensive (August 1943)">2nd Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">2nd Smolensk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lenino" title="Battle of Lenino">Lenino</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Dnieper</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nevel_(1943)" title="Battle of Nevel (1943)">Nevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">2nd Kiev</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1944</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnieper%E2%80%93Carpathian_offensive" title="Dnieper–Carpathian offensive">Dnieper–Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad%E2%80%93Novgorod_offensive" title="Leningrad–Novgorod offensive">Leningrad–Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_offensive" title="Crimean offensive">2nd Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="First Jassy–Kishinev offensive">1st Jassy–Kishinev</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karelia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov-Sandomierz_Offensive" title="Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive">Lvov–Sandomierz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Doppelkopf" title="Operation Doppelkopf">Doppelkopf</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">2nd Jassy–Kishinev</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dukla_Pass" title="Battle of the Dukla Pass">Dukla Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_offensive" title="Baltic offensive">2nd Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debrecen" title="Battle of Debrecen">Debrecen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petsamo%E2%80%93Kirkenes_offensive" title="Petsamo–Kirkenes offensive">Petsamo–Kirkenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courland_Pocket" title="Courland Pocket">Courland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_Operation" title="Gumbinnen Operation">Gumbinnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Budapest</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1945</dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Carpathian_offensive" title="Western Carpathian offensive">Western Carpathian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive" title="East Prussian offensive">East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_offensives" title="Silesian offensives">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau" title="Siege of Breslau">Breslau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solstice" title="Operation Solstice"><i>Solstice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_offensive" title="East Pomeranian offensive">East Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Awakening" title="Operation Spring Awakening">Lake Balaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravia%E2%80%93Ostrava_offensive" title="Moravia–Ostrava offensive">Moravia–Ostrava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Berlin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leningrad_and_the_Baltics_1941–44" 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template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Leningrad_and_Baltics_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Leningrad and Baltics 1941–1944"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leningrad_and_the_Baltics_1941–44" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Leningrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">the Baltics</a> 1941–44</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1941</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_strategic_defensive" title="Leningrad strategic defensive">Strategic defensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_evacuation_of_Tallinn" title="Soviet evacuation of Tallinn">Evacuation of Tallinn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad"><b>Leningrad</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oranienbaum_Bridgehead" title="Oranienbaum Bridgehead"><i>Oranienbaum</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhvin_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikhvin Offensive">Tikhvin</a></li></ul> <p><b>1942</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyuban" title="Battle of Lyuban">Lyuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropets%E2%80%93Kholm_offensive" title="Toropets–Kholm offensive">Toropets–Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demyansk_Pocket" title="Demyansk Pocket">Demyansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholm_Pocket" title="Kholm Pocket">Kholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinyavino_offensive_(1942)" title="Sinyavino offensive (1942)">Sinyavino</a></li></ul> <p><b>1943</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iskra" title="Operation Iskra"><i>Iskra</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polar_Star" title="Operation Polar Star"><i>Polar Star</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasny_Bor" title="Battle of Krasny Bor">Krasny Bor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mga_offensive" title="Mga offensive">Mga</a></li></ul> <p><b>1944</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad%E2%80%93Novgorod_offensive" title="Leningrad–Novgorod offensive">Relief of Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karelian Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_offensive" title="Vilnius offensive">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iauliai_offensive" title="Šiauliai offensive">Šiauliai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas_offensive" title="Kaunas offensive">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu_offensive" title="Tartu offensive">Tartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga_offensive_(1944)" title="Riga offensive (1944)">Riga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonsund_operation" title="Moonsund operation">Moonsund Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Memel" title="Battle of Memel">Memel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courland_Pocket" title="Courland Pocket">Courland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Continuation_War" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Continuation_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Continuation War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Continuation_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Continuation War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Continuation_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Continuation War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Continuation_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War"><span class="wrap">Continuation War</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1941</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_invasion_of_Ladoga_Karelia" title="Finnish invasion of Ladoga Karelia">Ladoga Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_invasion_of_the_Karelian_Isthmus" title="Finnish invasion of the Karelian Isthmus">Karelian Isthmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_invasion_of_East_Karelia_(1941)" title="Finnish invasion of East Karelia (1941)">East Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyborg_(1941)" title="Battle of Vyborg (1941)">Vyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox"><i>Silver Fox</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rentier" title="Operation Rentier"><i>Reindeer</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Platinum_Fox" title="Operation Platinum Fox"><i>Platinum Fox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Arctic_Fox" title="Operation Arctic Fox"><i>Arctic Fox</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_EF_(1941)" title="Operation EF (1941)">Petsamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hanko_(1941)" title="Battle of Hanko (1941)">Hanko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bengtsk%C3%A4r" title="Battle of Bengtskär">Bengtskär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Porlampi" title="Battle of Porlampi">Porlampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tuulos" title="Battle of Tuulos">Tuulos</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1942</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suursaari" title="Battle of Suursaari">Suursaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Someri" title="Battle of Someri">Someri</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1944</dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vyborg–Petrozavodsk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyborg Offensive">Vyborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kuuterselk%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Kuuterselkä">Kuuterselkä</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beryozovye_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Beryozovye Islands">Beryozovye Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaprolat" title="Kaprolat">Kaprolat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tienhaara" title="Battle of Tienhaara">Tienhaara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tali-Ihantala" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tali-Ihantala">Tali-Ihantala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Finland_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Finland campaign">Gulf of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nerva_Island" title="Battle of Nerva Island">Narvi Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyborg_Bay_(1944)" title="Battle of Vyborg Bay (1944)">Vyborg Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svir%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Svir–Petrozavodsk Offensive">Svir–Petrozavodsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuosalmi" title="Battle of Vuosalmi">Vuosalmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nietj%C3%A4rvi" title="Battle of Nietjärvi">Nietjärvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilomantsi_(1944)" title="Battle of Ilomantsi (1944)">Ilomantsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hokki" title="Operation Hokki"><i>Hokki</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea_campaigns_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–45)">Baltic Sea</a></dt></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive</b> or <b>Karelian offensive</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a strategic operation by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Front" title="Karelian Front">Karelian Fronts</a> against Finland on the <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Isthmus" title="Karelian Isthmus">Karelian Isthmus</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Karelia" title="East Karelia">East Karelia</a> fronts of the <a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The Soviet forces captured East Karelia and <a href="/wiki/Vyborg" title="Vyborg">Vyborg/Viipuri</a>. After that, however, the fighting reached a stalemate. </p><p>The operations of the strategic offensive can be divided into the following offensives: </p> <ul><li>Viipuri (10–20 June) by the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad Front</a></li> <li>Virojoki-Lappeenranta (21 June – 15 July) by the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad Front</a> <ul><li>Koivisto landing (20–25 June) by the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic Fleet</a></li></ul></li> <li>Svir–Petrozavodsk (21 June – 9 August) by the <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Front" title="Karelian Front">Karelian Front</a> <ul><li>Tuloksa landing (23–27 June) by the Soviet Ladoga Flotilla</li></ul></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1944, Soviet forces raised the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a> and drove the German <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_North" title="Army Group North">Army Group North</a> back to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lake_Ilmen" title="Lake Ilmen">Lake Ilmen</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a> line. Finland had conducted peace negotiations intermittently during 1943–1944 with the Western Allies and the USSR, but no agreement had been reached.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReiter2009134–137_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReiter2009134–137-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finland asked for peace conditions again in February, but the Finnish Parliament (<a href="/wiki/Eduskunta" class="mw-redirect" title="Eduskunta">Eduskunta</a>) considered the terms received impossible to fulfill. After Finland had rejected these peace conditions, and Germany halted the Soviet advance,<sup id="cite_ref-newton1995_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newton1995-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Stavka" title="Stavka">Stavka</a> (Main Command of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union) started to prepare for an offensive to force Finland's exit from the war.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_plan">The plan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order to destroy the Finnish Army and to push Finland out of the war, the Stavka decided to conduct the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk offensive.<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-97-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The strategy called for a <a href="/wiki/Pincer_movement" title="Pincer movement">two-pronged offensive</a>, one from Leningrad via Vyborg to the <a href="/wiki/Kymi_(river)" title="Kymi (river)">Kymi river</a>, and the second across the <a href="/wiki/Svir_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Svir River">Svir River</a> through <a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sortavala" title="Sortavala">Sortavala</a> past the 1940 border, preparing for an advance deep into Finland.<sup id="cite_ref-Platonov_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platonov-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plan called for the Finnish army to be destroyed on the Karelian Isthmus, and the remains blocked against the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ladoga" title="Lake Ladoga">Lake Ladoga</a> between the two assaults and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Saimaa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Saimaa">Lake Saimaa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-97-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Continuation-War-defensive-lines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Continuation-War-defensive-lines.png/300px-Continuation-War-defensive-lines.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Continuation-War-defensive-lines.png/450px-Continuation-War-defensive-lines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Continuation-War-defensive-lines.png/600px-Continuation-War-defensive-lines.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the four main defence lines built by Finland; Main line, VT-line, VKT-line and the Salpa-line. The Soviet offensive was stopped at the VKT-line.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main strategic objectives of the offensive were to push Finnish forces away from the north of <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a>, to drive Finland out of the war,<sup id="cite_ref-Platonov_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platonov-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glantz-443-458_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glantz-443-458-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to create better conditions for a major offensive to the south against Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Gebhardt-2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gebhardt-2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glantz2-201_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glantz2-201-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Erickson-329_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson-329-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoisalaAlanen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Finnish army had been preparing defensive fortifications since 1940, and three <a href="/wiki/Defensive_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Defensive line">lines of defence</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Isthmus" title="Karelian Isthmus">Karelian Isthmus</a>. The first two were the "Main line", which was constructed along the frontline of 1941, and the <a href="/wiki/VT-line" title="VT-line">VT-line</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vammelsuu" class="mw-redirect" title="Vammelsuu">Vammelsuu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Solovyovo,_Priozersky_District,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Solovyovo, Priozersky District, Leningrad Oblast">Taipale</a>) running 20 km behind the main line. These lines were reinforced with numerous concrete fortifications, but the work was still ongoing. The third line, the <a href="/wiki/VKT-line" title="VKT-line">VKT-line</a> (Viipuri-<a href="/wiki/Kuparsaari" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuparsaari">Kuparsaari</a>-Taipale) was still on the drawing board and the construction of the fortifications began in late May 1944 at the Vyborg sector of the line. At the northern bank of the Svir River (<a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <i lang="fi">Syväri</i>) the Finnish army had prepared a defence in depth area which was fortified with strong-points with concrete <a href="/wiki/Pillbox_(military)" title="Pillbox (military)">pillboxes</a>, barbed wire, obstacles and trenches. After the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salpa_Line" title="Salpa Line">Salpa Line</a> was built behind the 1940 border with concrete bunkers in front of the <a href="/wiki/Kymi_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Kymi river">Kymi river</a>. </p><p>To overcome these obstacles, the Stavka assigned 11 divisions and 9 tank and assault gun regiments to the <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Front" title="Leningrad Front">Leningrad Front</a>. That meant that there were 19 divisions, 2 division strength <a href="/wiki/Fortified_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified region">fortified regions</a>, 2 tank brigades, 14 tank and assault gun regiments at the Isthmus, all of which included over 220 artillery and rocket launcher batteries (almost 3,000 guns/launchers). Around 1,500 planes from the <a href="/wiki/13th_Air_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="13th Air Army">13th Air Army</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltic_Fleet_naval_aviation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltic Fleet naval aviation (page does not exist)">Baltic Fleet naval aviation</a> also contributed to the operation which included surface and naval infantry units of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Fleet" title="Baltic Fleet">Baltic Fleet</a>. </p><p>To the east of Karelia, the Stavka planned to use 9 divisions, 2 <a href="/wiki/Sapper" title="Sapper">sapper</a> brigades, 2 tank brigades and 3 assault gun regiments, raising the whole strength to 16 divisions, 2 fortified regions, 5 separate rifle brigades, 2 tank brigades, 3 assault gun regiments and 3 tank battalions. They were supported by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ladoga_Military_Naval_Flotilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ladoga Military Naval Flotilla (page does not exist)">Lake Ladoga</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Onega_Military_Naval_Flotilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onega Military Naval Flotilla (page does not exist)">Lake Onega</a> naval <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotillas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/7th_Air_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Air Army">7th Air Army</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vyborg_offensive">Vyborg offensive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vyborg offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the Karelian Isthmus front there were on average 120 Red Army <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a> pieces for every kilometer of frontline, with up to 220 artillery pieces per kilometer on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breakthrough_sector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breakthrough sector (page does not exist)">breakthrough sector</a> at Valkeasaari.<sup id="cite_ref-Platonov_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platonov-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to heavy coastal artillery of the Leningrad area and the guns of the capital ships of the Baltic Fleet (<a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Gangut_(1911)" title="Russian battleship Gangut (1911)"><i>Oktyabrskaya Revolutsiya</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_cruiser_Kirov" title="Soviet cruiser Kirov"><i>Kirov</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_cruiser_Maxim_Gorky" title="Soviet cruiser Maxim Gorky"><i>Maxim Gorky</i></a>) Stavka had also assigned heavy siege artillery (280 to 305 mm) in support of the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoisalaAlanen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 9, a day before the main Soviet offensive, the 1,600-strong 13th Air Army conducted a major aerial assault. At the same time, artillery units of the Leningrad Front and the Baltic Fleet shelled Finnish positions for 10 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Finnish Army was in a well-fortified position, but the Soviet air attacks surprised the defending Finnish army and undermined its resistance causing many Finnish units to retreat and suffer from thousands of desertions.<sup id="cite_ref-Bergstrom2008_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bergstrom2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valkeasaari">Valkeasaari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Valkeasaari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 10, the <a href="/wiki/21st_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="21st Army (Soviet Union)">Soviet 21st Army</a>, spearheaded by 30th Guards Corps, opened the offensive on the Valkeasaari sector, which was defended by <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalkav%C3%A4kirykmentti_1_(jatkosota)" class="extiw" title="fi:Jalkaväkirykmentti 1 (jatkosota)">1st Infantry Regiment</a> of Finnish 10th Division. During the day, the Soviet units captured frontline trenches and destroyed fortifications, shattering the first Finnish defense line at the breakthrough sector.<sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kuuterselkä"><span id="Kuuterselk.C3.A4"></span>Kuuterselkä</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kuuterselkä"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 13, the Soviet 21st Army's offensive reached the partially completed VT-line.<sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defensive position was breached at <a href="/wiki/Kuuterselk%C3%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuuterselkä">Kuuterselkä</a> by June 15. Though the line was breached, the Finnish resistance managed to delay further Soviet advances.<sup id="cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoisalaAlanen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siiranmäki"><span id="Siiranm.C3.A4ki"></span>Siiranmäki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Siiranmäki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Simultaneous to Kuuterselkä, the <a href="/wiki/23rd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="23rd Army (Soviet Union)">Soviet 23rd Army</a> attempted to break through at a perceived weak point in the Finnish VT-line at Siiranmäki. Siiranmäki was the first place where Finnish troops were able to use anti-tank <a href="/wiki/Panzerfaust" title="Panzerfaust">Panzerfausts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panzerschreck" title="Panzerschreck">Panzerschrecks</a> which were imported from Germany. Though Finnish troops managed to contain the Soviet breakthrough at Siiranmäki, the VT-line had already been breached at Kuuterselkä. Soviet 98th Infantry Corps fighting in Siiranmäki against Finnish 7th Regiment announced to have lost during period of June 13 to June 16: 3 784 soldiers including 887 killed in action based on their own report. Red Army and especially Guard units took heavy losses in Siiranmäki-Kuuterselkä with 20,000 KIA, MIA or WIA. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vyborg">Vyborg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vyborg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Finnish army attempted to buy time by engaging in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delaying_action&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delaying action (page does not exist)">delaying actions</a> during its retreat so that additional forces from East Karelia would be able to reach the front, and the VKT-line could be prepared for combat. However, on June 19 forces of the first Leningrad Front had reached Vyborg, and the first phase of the offensive was completed by the capture of the city on June 20, when the defending Finnish <a href="/w/index.php?title=20th_Infantry_Brigade_(Finland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="20th Infantry Brigade (Finland) (page does not exist)">20th Infantry Brigade</a> fled in panic. Though Leningrad Front had managed to capture Vyborg within the time table set by Stavka they had been unable to prevent retreating Finnish units from regrouping and fortifying on the VKT-line.<sup id="cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoisalaAlanen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike many battles on the Eastern Front in the Karelian Isthmus the Red Army was unable to trap any large Finnish units – not even a single battalion. Finnish forces had managed to retreat. At the same time more and more Finnish reserves were arriving at the VKT-defense line, where terrain was much more favorable for defenders than for the armored Red Army units. The Soviet 21st Army also faced logistics issues after its fast 120 km advance to west. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Virojoki–Lappeenranta_offensive"><span id="Virojoki.E2.80.93Lappeenranta_offensive"></span>Virojoki–Lappeenranta offensive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Virojoki–Lappeenranta offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IS-1_Kursk.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/IS-1_Kursk.gif/220px-IS-1_Kursk.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/IS-1_Kursk.gif/330px-IS-1_Kursk.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/IS-1_Kursk.gif/440px-IS-1_Kursk.gif 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IS_tank_family" title="IS tank family">IS-2 heavy tank</a> moving through forest</figcaption></figure> <p>Mannerheim had asked for German help, and on June 17 <a href="/wiki/Detachment_Kuhlmey" title="Detachment Kuhlmey">Gefechtsverband Kuhlmey</a> arrived in Finland, followed on June 21 by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=303rd_Assault_Gun_Brigade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="303rd Assault Gun Brigade (page does not exist)">303rd Assault Gun Brigade</a> (at half strength) and the <a href="/wiki/122nd_Infantry_Division_(Wehrmacht)" title="122nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)">122nd Infantry Division</a>. Also, new German anti-tank weapons, <i>Panzerfausts</i> and <i>Panzerschrecks</i>, were issued to Finnish army troops. Late on June 21, German foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">von Ribbentrop</a> arrived to Finland in an attempt to extract <a href="/wiki/Concession_(politics)" title="Concession (politics)">political concessions</a> from the military help. </p><p>On June 21, Stavka ordered continued attacks on the Imatra–Lappeenranta–Virojoki defence line, on the Salpa Line sector of the front. Another group would attack northwards to <a href="/wiki/Priozersk" title="Priozersk">Käkisalmi</a> (now Priozersk, Russia) and surround the Finns defending the eastern VKT-line while preparations would be made for an advance towards <a href="/wiki/Kotka" title="Kotka">Kotka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kouvola" title="Kouvola">Kouvola</a> and the Kymi river.<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-97-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 21 the Finnish government asked for Soviet peace terms. The response arrived on the next day and it demanded Finnish capitulation before any conditions could be presented. This created confusion in the Finnish government, where Ryti and Tanner were willing to repeat the inquiry about the conditions, while others opposed the capitulation. During the meeting Marshal Mannerheim was called, and he stated that the Soviet demand constituted an unconditional surrender. When Paasikivi's negotiation trip to Moscow in March 1944, which was initiated by the Soviet ambassador in Stockholm, but turned out to be a Soviet dictation of terms,<sup id="cite_ref-moisala-58_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moisala-58-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lunde-259_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde-259-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was remembered, the government decided to interpret the Soviet response as a demand for unconditional surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-moisala-58_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moisala-58-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lunde-302_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde-302-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seemed that after Finnish unwillingness to accept the Soviet proposals in April 1944, owing to excessive reparation demands, Finland was to be offered only unconditional surrender.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunde-270_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde-270-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was in line with Churchill's statement that as an Axis belligerent, Finland's surrender must be unconditional.<sup id="cite_ref-FAW_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAW-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet authorities denied this interpretation in an article published in Pravda on July 2, 1944,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, it is also known that at June 26 Stalin even told American ambassador Harriman that US diplomats could try to clarify to the Finns that he did not intend to take over the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Maude_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maude-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An unsigned draft document called "The Terms for Finnish Unconditional Surrender" was found in October 1993 in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Foreign Ministry">Russian Foreign Ministry</a> archive, which led some historians to conclude that unconditional surrender was indeed the Soviet goal.<sup id="cite_ref-tiihonen77_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiihonen77-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unconditional_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unconditional-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Baryshnikov this and similar drafts for the other countries the USSR was at war with existed since 1943, and they were replaced by new ones in the summer of 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-Baryshnikov_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baryshnikov-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Finnish army reinforcements, there were 268,000 Finnish army troops with 2,350 guns (of which 1,030 field artillery, 393 heavy mortars), 110 tanks/assault guns and 250 planes facing the two Red Army Fronts; 40% of the men and guns, and all the tanks were on the Isthmus. In total, the Red Army had a 1.7:1 advantage in men, 5.2:1 advantage in guns, and 6–7:1 advantage in planes and tanks against the Finnish army. However Finnish forces with 14 infantry divisions (a' 13,200), one armour division (9,200), 5 infantry brigades (a' 6,700), one cavalry regiment (4,300), 7 independent front border jaeger battalions, coastal defence forces and HQ/Corps artillery units even with full strength had less than 230,000 men. Less than 40 Finnish tanks and assault guns were modern (StuG III, T-34, KV-1) and less than 60 aircraft too (<a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Bf 109</a> dayfighter and <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_88" title="Junkers Ju 88">Ju 88</a> medium bomber). With these figures Red Army material advantage was about 1:20 at mid June 1944 (armour and aircraft).<sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The offensive continued on June 25, when the Red Army breached the VKT-line at Tali, between the <a href="/wiki/Vyborg_Bay" title="Vyborg Bay">Vyborg Bay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vuoksi_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuoksi river">Vuoksi river</a>. On June 26 the Finnish president <a href="/wiki/Risto_Ryti" title="Risto Ryti">Ryti</a> <a href="/wiki/Ryti-Ribbentrop_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryti-Ribbentrop Agreement">gave the guarantee</a> to Ribbentrop that Finland would fight to the end alongside Germany. When it became evident that a breakthrough was not possible at Ihantala, the Leningrad Front attempted to double envelope the defenders with the twin assaults at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyborg_Bay_(1944)" title="Battle of Vyborg Bay (1944)">Vyborg Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuosalmi" title="Battle of Vuosalmi">Vuosalmi</a>. However, the Finnish army was able to hold its positions on these sectors of the front. On July 12 Stavka ordered Leningrad front to release offensive elements from the Finnish front, and on July 15, the Red Army troops were ordered to assume a defensive posture, and offensive elements (mostly armor) were transferred to the German front for use in <a href="/wiki/Narva_offensive_(July_1944)" title="Narva offensive (July 1944)">Narva offensive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Operation Bagration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunde-306_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde-306-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet troops tried to penetrate deep west after the Battle of Ihantala: in Äyräpää until July 18 and in Karelian Front even in early August. All offensives continued until very end – when there was no chance of a final decisive breakthrough. There hardly were any "limited objectives" on the Karelian Isthmus and Karelia. In the official history of the Great Patriotic War, failed offensives usually disappeared from memory as happened with the Vyborg–Petrozavodosk offensive. After Vyborg, the plan was to reach the Kymi river.<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-97-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koivisto_landing_operation">Koivisto landing operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Koivisto landing operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Soviet offensive on the Karelian Isthmus pushed north past <a href="/wiki/Primorsk,_Leningrad_Oblast" title="Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast">Koivisto</a>, the Finnish forces defending the <a href="/wiki/Koivisto_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Koivisto Islands">Koivisto Islands</a> (or in Russian : the <a href="/wiki/Beryozovye_Islands" title="Beryozovye Islands">Beryozovye Islands</a>) became isolated. After the Soviet 21st Army failed to attack the islands, the Leningrad front ordered the Soviet Baltic Fleet to capture the islands. The initial Soviet landing was contained but the Finnish Navy soon evacuated the defending forces. This movement was largely unopposed. Although the eagerness of the commanders to evacuate preserved the defending forces, the loss of the islands proved costly because the Soviet Baltic Fleet gained a safe route to Vyborg Bay. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tienhaara">Tienhaara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tienhaara"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tienhaara" title="Battle of Tienhaara">Battle of Tienhaara</a></div> <p>After capturing Viborg, the lead elements of the 21st Army attempted to push forward along the main road leading north from Viborg. Strong artillery support, narrow area of operations, and very favorable terrain made it possible for the Finnish <a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalkav%C3%A4kirykmentti_61_(jatkosota)" class="extiw" title="fi:Jalkaväkirykmentti 61 (jatkosota)">61st Infantry Regiment</a> to hold the Soviet advance, forcing the 21st Army to attempt to find a more suitable location for breaching the Finnish VKT-line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tali–Ihantala"><span id="Tali.E2.80.93Ihantala"></span>Tali–Ihantala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tali–Ihantala"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tali%E2%80%93Ihantala" title="Battle of Tali–Ihantala">Battle of Tali–Ihantala</a></div> <p>After 21st Army easily cleared the defending Finnish troops from Viborg on June 20, the Soviet forces attempted to press on the offensive, but met stubborn Finnish resistance at Tali and were forced to stop. After bringing fresh troops to the front the 21st Army managed to push Finnish lines to Ihantala but failed to create any breakthroughs. The battle fought over the area is considered to be the largest battle in the history of the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>. </p><p>The Soviet 23rd Army joined the offensive by attempting to break through the Finnish lines between Tali and <a href="/wiki/Vuoksi" title="Vuoksi">Vuoksi</a> towards <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noskua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noskua (page does not exist)">Noskua</a> but the repeated Soviet attacks were halted by the highly efficient Finnish artillery. In the end, the battle of Tali–Ihantala was a defensive strategic victory for the Finnish army. It blocked the possibility for the Soviet army to break through to the Finnish heartland and the road to Helsinki. Soviet military losses peaked on 28 June when Leningrad Front reported that it had lost during that single day over 5,000 soldiers including 1,800 killed in action, over 25% more than on 14 June when they reported losing almost 4,000 (including nearly 700 killed in action). The Finnish artillery caused a high proportion of these losses, concentrating deadly firepower with 250 artillery pieces sending 2,000 shells to one small target area the size of just 6 hectares in one minute. Red Army units saw no chances to penetrate through this fire power. The terrain favored the defenders forcing Soviet armor units into narrow death traps. Finnish radio intelligence intercepted many Red Army signals, giving data for effective artillery and air power counterattacks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viborg_Bay">Viborg Bay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Viborg Bay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vyborg_Bay_(1944)" title="Battle of Vyborg Bay (1944)">Battle of Viborg Bay</a></div> <p>After the initial efforts of the 21st Army in Tali–Ihantala did not produce a breakthrough, the Leningrad Front ordered the <a href="/wiki/59th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="59th Army (Soviet Union)">59th Army</a> to capture the islands dominating the Viborg Bay and perform an amphibious landing on the opposing shore. Though the landings on the islands were ultimately successful, the attempted crossing failed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vuosalmi">Vuosalmi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Vuosalmi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vuosalmi" title="Battle of Vuosalmi">Battle of Vuosalmi</a></div> <p>As the 21st Army was unable to advance, the 23rd Army attempted a crossing in the Vuosalmi region of the Vuoksi waterway. Though Soviet forces successfully pushed Finnish troops from Äyräpää ridge dominating the crossing and managed to create a strong bridgehead on the opposing side, the defending Finnish troops were able to contain it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svir–Petrozavodsk_offensive"><span id="Svir.E2.80.93Petrozavodsk_offensive"></span>Svir–Petrozavodsk offensive</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Svir–Petrozavodsk offensive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Soviet Union's <a href="/wiki/Karelian_Front" title="Karelian Front">Karelian Front</a> attacked in the Olonets sector of White Karelia on June 20. Weakened Finnish forces proved unable to stop the offensive which reached <a href="/wiki/Olonets" title="Olonets">Olonets</a> on June 25 and on June 29 took Petrozavodsk, one of the main goals of the operation. The long advance and the delaying tactics of the Finnish forces sapped the Soviet strength and the main push of the <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="7th Army (Soviet Union)">7th Army</a> stopped at the Finnish U-line. The Soviet 7th Army and the 32nd Army tried to go around the U-line attacking further to the north but failed to break through the defending Finnish units in battles fought in the wilderness of Karelia. The last attempt to resume the offensive was made further north by two divisions of the Soviet <a href="/wiki/32nd_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="32nd Army (Soviet Union)">32nd Army</a> which were defeated by counterattacking Finns in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilomantsi_(1944)" title="Battle of Ilomantsi (1944)">Battle of Ilomantsi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Svir">Svir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Svir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Finnish Army had previously withdrawn most of its forces from the southern shore of the Svir River, so when the Red Army offensive started on 21 June, it did not achieve the desired surprise. The Karelian Front's Soviet 7th Army – <a href="/wiki/37th_Guards_Airborne_Corps" title="37th Guards Airborne Corps">37th Guards</a>, <a href="/wiki/4th_Rifle_Corps_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="4th Rifle Corps (Soviet Union)">4th</a> and 99th Corps – crossed the river using amphibious vehicles on the following day and secured a bridgehead 8 km deep and 16 km wide. After securing the crossing the Soviet forces continued to chase the withdrawing Finns towards the defenses of the 'PSS'-line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuloksa_landing_operation">Tuloksa landing operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tuloksa landing operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 23, 70th <a href="/wiki/Naval_Infantry_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Infantry (Russia)">naval infantry</a> brigade attacked and captured a beachhead behind the Finnish lines and also beyond the 'PSS'-line between the Viteleenjoki and Tuuloksenjoki rivers, severing the main road and railroad connections along the shore of Lake Ladoga. As Finns had previously moved most of the coastal defenses to the Karelian Isthmus the Soviet landing met only skeleton defense. Finnish attempts to drive the Soviets into the Ladoga proved unsuccessful but it had pushed the defending Soviets to the difficult position as ammunition and supplies started running low. Situation in the beachhead was improved when the 3rd Naval Infantry Brigade started its landings on the evening of June 24. Bad weather hampered the efforts the brigade was finally unloaded on the June 26 and it was able to link up with the advancing 7th Army. </p><p>Landing caused some trouble for the defending Finns as it cut the railroad line running along the coast of lake Ladoga. Cutting of the road was of less consequence as Finns had already previously constructed new parallel roads further inland in fear of landing. However the heavy traffic of the withdrawing forces totally ruined the new road forcing some of the equipment to be abandoned. Though the Finns managed to withdraw to the new defensive line the advancing Soviet units broke through the new line at Vitele already on June 28 forcing the Finns to continue delaying the advancing Soviets while withdrawing towards the 'U'-line. For the Red Army the Svir–Petrozavodsk offensive cost losses of at least 45,000 soldiers while Finnish losses were 11,000. The Soviets themselves estimated having captured 933 Finnish artillery pieces and 18,000 rounds of ammunition however many of the guns had been spiked.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nietjärvi"><span id="Nietj.C3.A4rvi"></span>Nietjärvi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Nietjärvi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nietj%C3%A4rvi" title="Battle of Nietjärvi">Battle of Nietjärvi</a></div> <p>The Finnish Army retreated further, delaying the Karelian Front's advance, allowing for the U-line, running northwards from Pitkäranta to Loimola and Kivijärvi, to be reinforced. The first 7th Army units reached the U-line on July 10, but were fatigued following the long offensive and failed to breach the defence line. Soviet attempts to break through the U-line at Nietjärvi ended with clear Soviet failure on July 17 when a Finnish counterattack regained the lost positions on the U-line causing severe losses to the Soviet <a href="/wiki/114th_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union)" title="114th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)">114th Division</a>. Once the attempts to gain breakthrough into the Finnish U-line had failed Red Army attempted to go around the line by flanking it through the frontier north of the line. As Finns countered the flanking maneuvers the fighting extended far into the frontier in a makeshift extension of the U-line however Soviet 7th Army managed neither to flank the extending Finnish line nor to break through it. Soviet losses in Nietjärvi were 7,000 KIA, MIA and WIA while Finnish forces lost 1,200 soldiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ilomantsi">Ilomantsi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ilomantsi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilomantsi_(1944)" title="Battle of Ilomantsi (1944)">Battle of Ilomantsi (1944)</a></div> <p>North of the U-line the Soviet 32nd Army, which consisted of <a href="/wiki/176th_Rifle_Division" title="176th Rifle Division">176th</a>, <a href="/wiki/289th_Rifle_Division" title="289th Rifle Division">289th</a>, <a href="/wiki/313th_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="313th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)">313th</a> and <a href="/wiki/368th_Rifle_Division_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="368th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)">368th Rifle Divisions</a>, advanced after capturing Petrozavodsk towards small Finnish town of Ilomantsi while being delayed by defending Finnish <a href="/w/index.php?title=21st_Brigade_(Finnish)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="21st Brigade (Finnish) (page does not exist)">21st Brigade</a>. Lack of suitable roads and the slow progress of 7th Army forced 32nd Army to move 313th and 368th Rifle Divisions to support 7th Army's offensive but they were blocked by the Finnish 1st Division. The Soviet attack towards Ilomantsi with the remaining 2 divisions (176th and 289th) was initially successful, and the divisions reached the border of 1940 on July 21, (the only Soviet units which did so in the offensive), but in the ensuing battle the divisions were surrounded and forced to escape the encirclement suffering heavy losses (est. 7,000-8,000 KIA, MIA, WIA if including losses of last week of July in Ilomantsi area ) and being forced to leave their artillery and other heavy equipment behind.<sup id="cite_ref-Juutilainen_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Juutilainen-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mannerheim-459_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mannerheim-459-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalelovo_memorial.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kalelovo_memorial.JPG/220px-Kalelovo_memorial.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kalelovo_memorial.JPG/330px-Kalelovo_memorial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kalelovo_memorial.JPG/440px-Kalelovo_memorial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Memorial in Kalelovo</figcaption></figure> <p>The offensive succeeded in reclaiming East Karelia and driving the Finnish army to the northern side of Viborg Bay and the Vuoksi River. It also reopened the original route of the <a href="/wiki/Murman_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Murman Railway">Murman Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/White_Sea_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="White Sea Canal">White Sea Canal</a> to the Karelian Front forces.<sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the offensive failed to breach the VKT-line and reach the <a href="/wiki/Kymi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kymi River">Kymi River</a><sup id="cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoisalaAlanen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-essays_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-essays-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tiihonen29_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiihonen29-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as ordered by the Stavka.<sup id="cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stavka-97-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact by the end of summer 1944 the Finnish armed forces were stronger and better equipped than ever before.<sup id="cite_ref-nenye270_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nenye270-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the losses suffered, the Finnish army managed to avoid encirclement of battalion-size units<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Notes 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and benefited from supplies delivered by Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Lunde-287_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lunde-287-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on documents found after 1991 in Russia the most important point of the plan - the destruction of Finnish forces in Karelian Isthmus in a determined time and reaching a certain line (Kotka) - had failed.<sup id="cite_ref-Mannerheim2-500_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mannerheim2-500-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ziemke-388_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziemke-388-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite that, the psychological effect of the offensive on the Finnish leadership should not be underestimated. Even though the Finns had stopped the offensive at the Karelian Isthmus after 100 km and the Battle of Ilomantsi had shown that the Finnish army was still a viable fighting force,<sup id="cite_ref-Mannerheim-484_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mannerheim-484-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was estimated that should the Soviet offensive continue at its full strength, the Finnish army would be able to last for three months at most. For Finland the overall situation required peace especially when Germans had not much chance to keep Finns on their side longer.<sup id="cite_ref-Mannerheim-484_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mannerheim-484-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time western allies had already made their crucial breakthrough in Normandy and were driving fast to the east. </p><p>During the height of the offensive in June 1944, the Finns asked for negotiations and the Soviets responded with a demand for surrender, which in Finland was interpreted as an ambiguous demand for unconditional surrender and rejected. After the fighting had reached a stalemate in August 1944, another attempt to seek peace was made by Finland. In September 1944 the Soviets offered peace terms that were roughly the same as in April 1944, though some of the demands, which had been seen by the Finns as impossible to concede to, were reduced. The $600 million war reparations were halved and the time to pay them off was extended.<sup id="cite_ref-Mannerheim-499_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mannerheim-499-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mannerheim2-509_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mannerheim2-509-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was probably in part brought about by international pressure exerted on the Soviets, especially by the U.S. and Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Ziemke-390_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziemke-390-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, after the ceasefire the Soviets demanded that payments be based on 1938 prices which nearly doubled the actual amount to be paid,<sup id="cite_ref-Mannerheim-499_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mannerheim-499-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mannerheim2-509_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mannerheim2-509-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so the Finns complained that the Soviets only pretended to lower the reparations.<sup id="cite_ref-Ziemke-390_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ziemke-390-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite not achieving all of the goals set by the Stavka, the offensive forced Finland from the war and to accept Soviet peace terms,<sup id="cite_ref-Glantz-458_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glantz-458-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MoDRF_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gebhardt-2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gebhardt-2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glantz2-201_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glantz2-201-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Erickson-329_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erickson-329-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or at least was an important factor leading to the ceasefire negotiations that were resumed a month after the offensive had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MoisalaAlanen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tiihonen29_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiihonen29-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Platonov-486_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platonov-486-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vehviläinen143_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vehviläinen143-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Soviet propaganda, this offensive was listed as one of <a href="/wiki/Stalin%27s_ten_blows" title="Stalin's ten blows">Stalin's ten blows</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Soviet "irrecoverable" losses include killed, dead from wounds, non-combat deaths and missing. "Medical" casualties include wounded and sick.<sup id="cite_ref-losses_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-losses-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Glantz" class="mw-redirect" title="David Glantz">David Glantz</a> agrees with Krivosheev's figures, but says that fighting in the Viborg area between June 21 – July 14 is not included and estimates the additional casualties at 30,000, thus bringing the total Soviet casualties to about 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Glantz-458_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glantz-458-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finnish historiography uses titles <i>Kesän 1944 suurhyökkäys</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Summer 1944 great offensive</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) or <i>Kesän 1944 torjuntataistelut</i> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Summer 1944 Defensive Battles</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Opinion in the Finnish HQ was that pocketed units are wasted and should therefore try to escape.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Soviet combat practice helped the Finnish army; the official history of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infantry_Regiment_58_(Finland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infantry Regiment 58 (Finland) (page does not exist)">IR 58</a>, which fought against the Soviet army starting from Valkeasaari to Viborg, notes that several times Finnish units were able to survive only because of the rigid adherence to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operating_area_boundary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operating area boundary (page does not exist)">operating area boundaries</a> by the Soviet units, and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Micromanagement" title="Micromanagement">micromanagement</a> by Soviet army commanding officers.<sup id="cite_ref-Saressalo_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saressalo-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (March 2010)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stavka-13-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-13_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-13_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-13_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Stavka">Zolotarev (1999)</a>, p. 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-losses-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-losses_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-losses_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-losses_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-losses_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-losses_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#losses">Krivosheev (1997)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arkistolaitos-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arkistolaitos_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Arkistolaitos,_Suomen_sodissa_1939–45_menehtyneet">#Arkistolaitos, Suomen sodissa 1939–45 menehtyneet</a> Arkistolaitos, Suomen sodissa 1939–45 menehtyneiden tietokanta. National Archive Service, military casualties of Finland during war period 1939–45. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://kronos.narc.fi/menehtyneet/">http://kronos.narc.fi/menehtyneet/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiihonen-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tiihonen_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Tiihonen">Tiihonen, 1999</a>, Doctor of Philosophy Tapio Tiihonen studied and checked Soviet data and loss reports of units and reinforcements. He found Soviet losses higher than Manninen. Tiihonen, 2000 (Decision at the Isthmus 1944)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manninen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manninen_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Manninen">Manninen (1994)</a>, The numbers available in Krivosheyev's books are only up to the capture of Viborg at the Karelian Isthmus thus missing the heavy fighting between June 21 – July 15 at Karelian Isthmus. Manninen had estimated those numbers based on the daily casualty reports of the Leningrad Front in the archives of the Soviet Ministry of Defense.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glantz-458-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz-458_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz-458_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Glantz">Glantz (2002)</a>, p. 458.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReiter2009134–137-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReiter2009134–137_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReiter2009">Reiter 2009</a>, pp. 134–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newton1995-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newton1995_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#newton1995">Newton (1995)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 536"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stavka-97-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stavka-97_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Stavka">Zolotarev (1999)</a>, pp. 97–98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoDRF-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoDRF_14-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://victory.mil.ru/war/1944/war/01_06.html">Наступление советских войск на Карельском перешейке и в Южной Карелии</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930074753/http://victory.mil.ru/war/1944/war/01_06.html">Archived</a> 2011-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>По замыслу Ставки войска Ленинградского и Карельского фронтов при содействии Краснознаменного Балтийского флота, Ладожской и Онежской военных флотилий мощными ударами должны были разгромить противостоящего противника, овладеть Выборгом, Петрозаводском и выйти на рубеж Тикшеозеро, Сортавала, Котка. Операцию начинали войска Ленинградского фронта, затем в наступление переходил Карельский фронт.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platonov-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Platonov_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Platonov_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Platonov_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Platonov">Platonov (1964)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glantz-443-458-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glantz-443-458_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Glantz">Glantz (2002)</a>, pp. 443, 458</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gebhardt-2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gebhardt-2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gebhardt-2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Gebhardt">Gebhardt (1989)</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glantz2-201-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz2-201_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glantz2-201_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Glantz2">Glantz (1998)</a>, pp. 201–03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erickson-329-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson-329_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erickson-329_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Erickson">Erickson (1993)</a>, pp. 329–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MoisalaAlanen-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MoisalaAlanen_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MoisalaAlanen">Moisala (1988)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergstrom2008-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bergstrom2008_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Bergstrom2008">Bergstrom (2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moisala-58-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moisala-58_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moisala-58_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#MoisalaAlanen">Moisala & Alanen (1988)</a> pp. 58–59, 66–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunde-259-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lunde-259_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLunde2011">Lunde (2011)</a> pp. 259–60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunde-302-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lunde-302_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lunde (2011) p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunde-270-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lunde-270_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lunde (2011) p. 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAW-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAW_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jowett, P., Snodgrass, B. (2006). <i>Finland at War 1939–45</i>, Osprey Publishing, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dagens Nyheter, July 3, 1944</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Svenska Dagbladet, July 3, 1944</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maude-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maude_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMaude2010" class="citation book cs1">Maude, George (2010). <i>Aspects of the Governing of the Finns</i>. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. pp. 149–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4539-0061-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4539-0061-1"><bdi>978-1-4539-0061-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+the+Governing+of+the+Finns&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=149-50&rft.pub=Peter+Lang+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4539-0061-1&rft.aulast=Maude&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tiihonen77-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tiihonen77_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapio_Tiihonen2000" class="citation book cs1">Tapio Tiihonen (2000). <i>Ratkaisu Kannaksella 1944</i> [<i>Decision at the Isthmus 1944</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>: Fenix. pp. 77–79. <q>The Voroshilov committee prepared the conditions for Finnish capitulation for nine and a half months. The secretary of the committee, S. Bazarov handed these to the "secret police man" of the Foreign Ministry, V. Dekanozov on 26 June [...] The "sekretno projekt" for the surrender of Finland, handed by Barazov to Dekanozov, is dated to 28 June. The signature of the agreement would have meant a complete economic, political, and social subduction of Finland to the Soviet Union [...] The agreement was to be signed by attorneys from both the Soviet and Finnish governments and armed forces. Already the preamble of the agreement made it clear to Finland, what it was about: "The Finnish Government and the Supreme Command of the Defence Forces acknowledge the complete defeat of the Finnish Armed Forces in the war against the U.S.S.R. and announce the unconditional surrender of Finland, requesting the cessation of acts of war."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ratkaisu+Kannaksella+1944&rft.place=Espoo&rft.pages=77-79&rft.pub=Fenix&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Tapio+Tiihonen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unconditional-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unconditional_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#unconditional">Turtola (2001)</a>, p. 168, Dr. Turtola discovered a Soviet draft for "The Unconditional Surrender of Finland" from the Russian Foreign Ministry archive in Moscow, dated June 1944. Here are the relevant passages from the document: "The Finnish Government and the Supreme Command of the Defence Forces acknowledge the complete defeat of the Finnish Armed Forces in the war against the U.S.S.R. and announce the unconditional surrender of Finland, requesting the cessation of acts of war."; "5. As this document takes effect, the Finnish Government and the Supreme Command of the Finnish Defence Forces commit themselves without delay in calling to Finland all Finnish troops on other fronts and in disarming them."; "7. The Supreme Command of the Finnish Defence Forces will carry out the disarming of all Finnish land, air, and naval forces according to the orders, schedule, and sequence given by the Supreme Command of the Soviet Military Forces, under its supervision. 8. Since the moment of signing this document until when the Supreme Command of the Soviet Military Forces has taken under its control all communications connections in Finland, all radio broadcasts in Finnish territory are forbidden, and Finnish telegraph, telephone, and radio connections to other countries will be cut off. 9. The Finnish Government and the Supreme Command of the Finnish Defence Forces will secure the transportation of military troops of the U.S.S.R. in Finnish territory by rail and by other means of transportation and the needed supplies to the troops. 10. To fulfill the terms of surrender and to secure the interests of the U.S.S.R., the Supreme Command of the Soviet Military Forces – by its own military forces and at its own discretion – will occupy partially or fully the territory of Finland, her harbours, the archipelago of Åland, and the islands of the Gulf of Finland. The Government of the U.S.S.R. will make use of all the rights of an occupying power in the occupied territories of Finland. The Supreme Command of the Soviet Military Forces will publish its own orders and directives. The Finnish Government and the Finnish people will by all means try to contribute to the execution of these orders and directives. To serve this aim, the Finnish Government will without delay give an order to all the authorities of the central and local government, to the judicial system, public organisations, and all civil servants to remain in their previous positions, to obey orders unconditionally, and to carry out their duties conscientiously, until the Supreme Command of the Soviet Military Forces gives its directives."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baryshnikov-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baryshnikov_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Baryshnikov">Baryshnikov (2006)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunde-306-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lunde-306_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde2011" class="citation book cs1">Lunde, Henrik, O. (March 19, 2011). <i>Finland's War of Choice</i>. Casemate Pub. pp. 306–07. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-48-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-48-4"><bdi>978-1-935149-48-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finland%27s+War+of+Choice&rft.pages=306-07&rft.pub=Casemate+Pub&rft.date=2011-03-19&rft.isbn=978-1-935149-48-4&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Henrik%2C+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nenye P.261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Juutilainen-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Juutilainen_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Juutilainen">Juutilainen (1994)</a>, pp. 145–47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mannerheim-459-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mannerheim-459_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mannerheim">Mannerheim (1952)</a>, pp. 459–60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-essays-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-essays_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeijo_Korhonen1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Keijo_Korhonen_(politician)" title="Keijo Korhonen (politician)">Keijo Korhonen</a> (1969). "Finland and the Soviet Union". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=llJpAAAAMAAJ&q=Essays+on+Finnish+foreign+policy"><i>Essays on Finnish foreign policy</i></a>. Finnish Political Science Association. p. 29. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'...in a northwesterly and westerly direction and take the Kotka and Kouvola areas, holding the line at the Kymi river... 21st and 23rd armies failed to carry out by the end of June the duties assigned to them. The enemy offered stubborn resistance and repelled all attacks.' The account continues: 'On 13 July, however, preparations for attack were interrupted on orders from the front to go over to defensive positions.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Finland+and+the+Soviet+Union&rft.btitle=Essays+on+Finnish+foreign+policy&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Finnish+Political+Science+Association&rft.date=1969&rft.au=Keijo+Korhonen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DllJpAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DEssays%2Bon%2BFinnish%2Bforeign%2Bpolicy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tiihonen29-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tiihonen29_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiihonen29_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapio_Tiihonen2000" class="citation book cs1">Tapio Tiihonen (2000). <i>Ratkaisu Kannaksella 1944</i> [<i>Decision at the Isthmus 1944</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a>: Fenix. p. 29. <q><i>Sunnitelman tärkein kohta, suomalaisten tuhoaminen määrätyn ajan sisällä ja tietylle linjalle tultaessa oli epäonnistunut.</i> The most important point of the plan, the destruction of the Finns in a determined time and reaching a certain line, had failed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ratkaisu+Kannaksella+1944&rft.place=Espoo&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Fenix&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Tapio+Tiihonen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nenye270-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nenye270_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNenyeMunterWirtanenBirks2016" class="citation book cs1">Nenye, Vesa; Munter, Peter; Wirtanen, Toni; Birks, Chris (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zb6gCwAAQBAJ"><i>Finland at War: The Continuation and Lapland Wars 1941-45</i></a>. Osprey Publishing. p. 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1472815262" title="Special:BookSources/978-1472815262"><bdi>978-1472815262</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finland+at+War%3A+The+Continuation+and+Lapland+Wars+1941-45&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1472815262&rft.aulast=Nenye&rft.aufirst=Vesa&rft.au=Munter%2C+Peter&rft.au=Wirtanen%2C+Toni&rft.au=Birks%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzb6gCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Saressalo-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saressalo_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Saressalo">Saressalo (1983)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lunde-287-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lunde-287_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLunde2011" class="citation book cs1">Lunde, Henrik, O. (March 19, 2011). <i>Finland's War of Choice</i>. Casemate Pub. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-48-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935149-48-4"><bdi>978-1-935149-48-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finland%27s+War+of+Choice&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Casemate+Pub&rft.date=2011-03-19&rft.isbn=978-1-935149-48-4&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.aufirst=Henrik%2C+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mannerheim2-500-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mannerheim2-500_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mannerheim2">Mannerheim (1953)</a>, p. 500</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ziemke-388-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ziemke-388_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ziemke">Ziemke (2002)</a>, p. 388</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mannerheim-484-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mannerheim-484_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mannerheim-484_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mannerheim (1952), p. 484</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mannerheim-499-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mannerheim-499_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mannerheim-499_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mannerheim">Mannerheim (1952)</a>, p. 499</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mannerheim2-509-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mannerheim2-509_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mannerheim2-509_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Mannerheim2">Mannerheim (1953)</a>, p. 509</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ziemke-390-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ziemke-390_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ziemke-390_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Ziemke">Ziemke (2002)</a>, p. 390</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platonov-486-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platonov-486_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Platonov">Platonov (1964)</a>, p. 486</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vehviläinen143-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vehviläinen143_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Vehviläinen">Vehviläinen (2002)</a>, p. 143</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Bergstrom2008" class="citation book cs1">Bergstrom, Christer (2008). <i>Bagration to Berlin – The Final Air Battles in the East: 1944–1945</i>. Ian Allan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903223-91-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903223-91-8"><bdi>978-1-903223-91-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bagration+to+Berlin+%E2%80%93+The+Final+Air+Battles+in+the+East%3A+1944%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Ian+Allan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-903223-91-8&rft.aulast=Bergstrom&rft.aufirst=Christer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Erickson" class="citation book cs1">Erickson, John (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6UaU6ZLqK4UC"><i>The Road to Berlin: Stalin's War with Germany</i></a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07813-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07813-7"><bdi>0-300-07813-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Berlin%3A+Stalin%27s+War+with+Germany&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-300-07813-7&rft.aulast=Erickson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6UaU6ZLqK4UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gebhardt" class="citation journal cs1">Gebhardt, James (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carl.army.mil/download/csipubs/gebhardt/geb_chapt1.pdf">"The Petsamo-Kirkenes Operation: Soviet Breakthrough and Pursuit in the Arctic, October 1944"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Leavenworth Papers</i> (17). Fort Leavenworth: Combat Studies Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0195-3451">0195-3451</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leavenworth+Papers&rft.atitle=The+Petsamo-Kirkenes+Operation%3A+Soviet+Breakthrough+and+Pursuit+in+the+Arctic%2C+October+1944&rft.issue=17&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0195-3451&rft.aulast=Gebhardt&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarl.army.mil%2Fdownload%2Fcsipubs%2Fgebhardt%2Fgeb_chapt1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Gilbert" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Martin (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secondworldwar00gilb_0"><i>Second World War</i></a>. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-79616-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-79616-X"><bdi>0-297-79616-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Second+World+War&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+and+Nicolson&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-297-79616-X&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecondworldwar00gilb_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Glantz" class="citation book cs1">Glantz, David (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforleningr00glan"><i>The Battle for Leningrad 1941–1944</i></a>. Lawrence: Kansas University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7006-1208-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7006-1208-4"><bdi>0-7006-1208-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Leningrad+1941%E2%80%931944&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pub=Kansas+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7006-1208-4&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforleningr00glan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Glantz2" class="citation book cs1">Glantz, David; House, Jonathan (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0"><i>When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler</i></a>. Lawrence: Kansas University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0899-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-0899-7"><bdi>978-0-7006-0899-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=When+Titans+Clashed%3A+How+the+Red+Army+Stopped+Hitler&rft.place=Lawrence&rft.pub=Kansas+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-0899-7&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=House%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhentitansclashe00glan_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Juutilainen" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Juutilainen, Antti (1994). <i>Ilomantsi, lopultakin voitto</i> (in Finnish). Rauma: Sotahistoriallinen seura.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ilomantsi%2C+lopultakin+voitto&rft.place=Rauma&rft.pub=Sotahistoriallinen+seura&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Juutilainen&rft.aufirst=Antti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="losses" class="citation book cs1">Krivosheev, Grigoriy (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.ru/MEMUARY/1939-1945/KRIWOSHEEW/poteri.txt"><i>Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century</i></a>. London: Greenhill Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-280-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-280-4"><bdi>978-1-85367-280-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Casualties+and+Combat+Losses+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85367-280-4&rft.aulast=Krivosheev&rft.aufirst=Grigoriy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.ru%2FMEMUARY%2F1939-1945%2FKRIWOSHEEW%2Fpoteri.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeskinen2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Leskinen, Jari (2005). Juutilainen, Antti (ed.). <i>Jatkosodan pikkujättiläinen</i> (in Finnish). WSOY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-0-28690-7" title="Special:BookSources/951-0-28690-7"><bdi>951-0-28690-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jatkosodan+pikkuj%C3%A4ttil%C3%A4inen&rft.pub=WSOY&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=951-0-28690-7&rft.aulast=Leskinen&rft.aufirst=Jari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Mannerheim" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mannerheim, G. (1952). <i>Mannerheim, muistelmat, toinen osa</i> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mannerheim%2C+muistelmat%2C+toinen+osa&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Otava&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Mannerheim&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Mannerheim2" class="citation book cs1">Mannerheim, G. (1953). <i>The Memoirs of Marshal Mannerheim</i>. London: Cassell.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Memoirs+of+Marshal+Mannerheim&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Mannerheim&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Manninen" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ohto_Manninen" title="Ohto Manninen">Manninen, Ohto</a> (1994). <i>Molotovin cocktail, Hitlerin sateenvarjo</i> (in Finnish). Painatuskeskus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-37-1495-0" title="Special:BookSources/951-37-1495-0"><bdi>951-37-1495-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Molotovin+cocktail%2C+Hitlerin+sateenvarjo&rft.pub=Painatuskeskus&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=951-37-1495-0&rft.aulast=Manninen&rft.aufirst=Ohto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MoisalaAlanen" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Moisala, Uuno E.; Alanen, Pertti (1988). <i>Kun hyökkääjän tie pysäytettiin</i> (in Finnish). Keuruu: Otava. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-1-10386-5" title="Special:BookSources/951-1-10386-5"><bdi>951-1-10386-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kun+hy%C3%B6kk%C3%A4%C3%A4j%C3%A4n+tie+pys%C3%A4ytettiin&rft.place=Keuruu&rft.pub=Otava&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=951-1-10386-5&rft.aulast=Moisala&rft.aufirst=Uuno+E.&rft.au=Alanen%2C+Pertti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="newton1995" class="citation book cs1">Newton, Steven H. (1995). <i>Retreat from Leningrad: Army Group North, 1944/1945</i>. Atglen, Philadelphia: Schiffer Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Retreat+from+Leningrad%3A+Army+Group+North%2C+1944%2F1945&rft.place=Atglen%2C+Philadelphia&rft.pub=Schiffer+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Steven+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Platonov" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Platonov, S. P. (1964). <i>Bitva za Leningrad</i> (in Russian). Moscow: Voenizdat Ministerstva Оborony.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bitva+za+Leningrad&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Voenizdat+Ministerstva+%D0%9Eborony&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Platonov&rft.aufirst=S.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaunioKilin2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raunio, Ari; Kilin, Juri (2008). <i>Jatkosodan Torjuntataisteluita 1942–44</i> (in Finnish). Keuruu: Otava.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jatkosodan+Torjuntataisteluita+1942%E2%80%9344&rft.place=Keuruu&rft.pub=Otava&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Raunio&rft.aufirst=Ari&rft.au=Kilin%2C+Juri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReiter2009" class="citation book cs1">Reiter, Dan (2009). <i>How Wars End</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400831036" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400831036"><bdi>978-1400831036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Wars+End&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1400831036&rft.aulast=Reiter&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Saressalo" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Saressalo, Leo; et al. (1983). <i>Kutsui ääni isänmaan, Jalkaväkirykmentti 58</i> (in Finnish). Jurva: JR58: n asevelitoimikunta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-99412-2-3" title="Special:BookSources/951-99412-2-3"><bdi>951-99412-2-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kutsui+%C3%A4%C3%A4ni+is%C3%A4nmaan%2C+Jalkav%C3%A4kirykmentti+58&rft.place=Jurva&rft.pub=JR58%3A+n+asevelitoimikunta&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=951-99412-2-3&rft.au=Saressalo%2C+Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Stenman" class="citation book cs1">Stenman, Kari (1998). <i>Finnish Aces of World War 2</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1855327832" title="Special:BookSources/978-1855327832"><bdi>978-1855327832</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finnish+Aces+of+World+War+2&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1855327832&rft.aulast=Stenman&rft.aufirst=Kari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="unconditional" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Turtola, Martti (2001). <i>Mannerheim-kirja</i> [<i>Mannerheim Book</i>] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Ajatus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-0-18860-3" title="Special:BookSources/951-0-18860-3"><bdi>951-0-18860-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mannerheim-kirja&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pub=Ajatus&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=951-0-18860-3&rft.aulast=Turtola&rft.aufirst=Martti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Vehviläinen" class="citation book cs1">Vehviläinen, Olli (2002). <i>Finland in the Second World War</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-80149-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-80149-9"><bdi>978-0-333-80149-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finland+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-333-80149-9&rft.aulast=Vehvil%C3%A4inen&rft.aufirst=Olli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Stavka" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zolotarev, Vladimir, ed. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306191800/http://iskatel.krasnogorsk.ru/soldat.ru/VGK-head/1944-1945.doc"><bdi lang="ru">Русский архив: Великая Отечественная. Ставка ВКГ: Документы и материалы 1944–1945.</bdi></a> (in Russian). Vol. 16. Moscow: Тerra. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-300-01162-2" title="Special:BookSources/5-300-01162-2"><bdi>5-300-01162-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iskatel.krasnogorsk.ru/soldat.ru/VGK-head/1944-1945.doc">the original</a> on 2012-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%3A+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F.+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%9A%D0%93%3A+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B+1944%E2%80%931945.&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=%D0%A2erra&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=5-300-01162-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiskatel.krasnogorsk.ru%2Fsoldat.ru%2FVGK-head%2F1944-1945.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ziemke" class="citation book cs1">Ziemke, Earl (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/StalingradToBerlinTheGermanDefeatInTheEast"><i>Stalingrad to Berlin. The German Defeat in the East</i></a></span>. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-001962-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-001962-3"><bdi>978-0-16-001962-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalingrad+to+Berlin.+The+German+Defeat+in+the+East&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-16-001962-3&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FStalingradToBerlinTheGermanDefeatInTheEast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Ziemke2" class="citation book cs1">Ziemke, Earl F. (1959). <i>The German Northern Theater of Operations 1940–1945</i>. Washington: Department of the Army.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Northern+Theater+of+Operations+1940%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Army&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Ziemke&rft.aufirst=Earl+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk+offensive" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vyborg%E2%80%93Petrozavodsk_offensive&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ilya Moshansky: <i>Sturm Karelskogo Vala. Vyborgsko-Petrozavodskaja strategicheskaja nastupatelnaja operazija 10 ijuna – 9 avgusta 1944 goda.</i>, "Vojennaja Letopis", BTV-MN, Moscow, 2005.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vyborg–Petrozavodsk_offensive&oldid=1256747147">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vyborg–Petrozavodsk_offensive&oldid=1256747147</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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