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href="#Bullying_and_academic_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bullying and academic culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bullying_and_academic_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bullying and academic culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bullying_and_academic_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mobbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Mobbing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manifestations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manifestations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Manifestations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manifestations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Incidence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incidence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bullying_of_medical_students" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullying_of_medical_students"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bullying of medical students</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullying_of_medical_students-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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</nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For bullying of students in higher education, see <a href="/wiki/Bullying_of_students_in_higher_education" title="Bullying of students in higher education">Bullying of students in higher education</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Bullying in academia</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">workplace bullying</a> which takes place at institutions of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">colleges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a> in a wide range of actions.<sup id="cite_ref-Academic_bullies_leave_no_trace_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academic_bullies_leave_no_trace-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed to be common, although has not received as much attention from researchers as <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bullying</a> in some other contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-keashlyarticle_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keashlyarticle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academia is highly competitive and has a well defined hierarchy, with junior staff being particularly vulnerable. Although most universities have policies on workplace bullying, individual campuses develop and implement their own protocols.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This often leaves victims with no recourse. </p><p>Academic mobbing is a sophisticated form of bullying where academics gang up to diminish the intended victim through intimidation, unjustified accusations, humiliation, and general harassment. These behaviors are often invisible to others and difficult to prove.<sup id="cite_ref-Academic_Mobbing:_Hidden_Health_Haz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academic_Mobbing:_Hidden_Health_Haz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victims of academic mobbing may suffer from stress, depression and suicidal thoughts, as well as <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Workplace_bullying">Workplace bullying</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Workplace bullying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">Workplace bullying</a></div> <p>Bullying is the longstanding violence, physical or psychological, conducted by an individual or group and directed against an individual who is not able to defend himself in the actual situation, with a conscious desire to hurt, threaten, or frighten that individual or put him under stress.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Workplace bullying ranges into the following categories.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Threat to professional status, such as, public professional humiliation, accusation of lack of effort and belittling.</li> <li>Threat to social status, such as, teasing and name calling.</li> <li>Isolation, such as, withholding information and preventing access to opportunities, such as training workshops, attendance and deadlines.</li> <li>Overwork, such as setting impossible deadlines and making unnecessary disruptions.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destabilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Destabilization">Destabilization</a>, for example, setting meaningless tasks, not giving credit where credit is due, removal from positions of authority, <a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">gaslighting</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bullying_and_academic_culture">Bullying and academic culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bullying and academic culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several aspects of academia lend themselves to the practice and discourage its reporting and mitigation, due to concerns of possible damage to the reputation of the institution. Its leadership is usually drawn from the ranks of <a href="/wiki/Faculty_(university)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faculty (university)">faculty</a>, most of whom have not received the management training that could enable an effective response to such situations.<sup id="cite_ref-Academic_bullies_leave_no_trace_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academic_bullies_leave_no_trace-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been cases of tenured professors acting as perpetrators of academic bullying, leading to the dismissal of the perpetrators<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or of their targets.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victims include the increasing number of <a href="/wiki/Adjunct_professor" title="Adjunct professor">adjunct professors</a> as well as students, c.f. <a href="/wiki/Bullying_of_students_in_higher_education" title="Bullying of students in higher education">Bullying of students in higher education</a>. </p><p>The generally decentralized nature of academic institutions can make it difficult for victims to seek recourse, and appeals to outside authority have been described as "the kiss of death."<sup id="cite_ref-guns_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guns-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cant_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cant-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, academics who are subject to bullying in workplace are often cautious about reporting any problems. <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">Social media</a> has recently been used to expose or allege bullying in academia anonymously.<sup id="cite_ref-PI-Reviews_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PI-Reviews-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although tenure and post-tenure review lead to interdepartmental evaluation, and all three culminate in an administrative decision, bullying is commonly a function of administrative input before or during the early stages of intradepartmental review. A series of publications in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a> emphasize the need for improving institutional reporting systems for academic bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobbing">Mobbing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mobbing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a> is endemic at universities because universities are a type of organization that encourages mobbing.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Academic victims of bullying may also be particularly conflict-averse.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Westhues" title="Kenneth Westhues">Kenneth Westhues</a>' study of mobbing in academia found that <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability" title="Vulnerability">vulnerability</a> was increased by personal differences such as being a foreigner or of a different sex; by working in a <a href="/wiki/Post-modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-modern">post-modern</a> field such as music or literature; financial pressure; or having an aggressive superior.<sup id="cite_ref-west_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-west-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other factors included <a href="/wiki/Envy" title="Envy">envy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heresy" title="Heresy">heresy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campus_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus politics">campus politics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-west_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-west-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Morteza_Mahmoudi" title="Morteza Mahmoudi">Morteza Mahmoudi</a> proposed some strategies to address academic bullying including mobbing.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While potentially helpful for trainee targets of academic bullying, some of these same strategies can be appropriated by administrators or regular faculty members to greatly expand the scope of an existing academic mobbing campaign against a less powerful or popular colleague. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manifestations">Manifestations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manifestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bullying in this workplace has been described as somewhat more subtle than usual.<sup id="cite_ref-cant_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cant-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its recipients may be the target of unwanted physical contact, violence, obscene or loud language during meetings, be disparaged among their colleagues in venues they are not aware of, and face difficulties when seeking promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-cant_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cant-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-times_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also be manifested by undue demands for compliance with regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-chron_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chron-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These workplaces constitute what is known as "toxic research culture," encompassing a range of harmful practices such as bullying, harassment, poor employment terms, inadequate diversity and inclusion practices, breaches of research integrity, and the relentless pursuit of higher league table positions, H-indices, and impact factors. A particularly troubling manifestation is 'ghost authoring,' where senior researchers take undue credit for work primarily done by junior staff. These cultures are fostered by short-term contracts, inadequate salaries for early-career researchers, competitive work environments, and relentless pressure to publish. The core issue is a hierarchical structure that grants substantial power to senior researchers, creating a cycle where junior researchers must endure harsh conditions to advance their careers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Effects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The kinds of abusive behaviors in academic bullying cause serious and long-lasting effects on both the academic and personal lives of targets and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, academic bullying behaviours can affect the progress of science.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victims of academic mobbing may suffer from stress, depression and suicidal ideation as well as <a href="/wiki/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Posttraumatic stress disorder">posttraumatic stress disorder</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Academic_Mobbing:_Hidden_Health_Haz_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Academic_Mobbing:_Hidden_Health_Haz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The psychological scars have been described as comparable to <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, and they may not heal for many years. Some cases end in suicide, although the precise prevalence of this outcome is not known.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A 2008 study of the topic, conducted on the basis of a survey at a Canadian university, concluded that the practice had several unproductive costs, including increased <a href="/wiki/Employee_turnover" title="Employee turnover">employee turnover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidence">Incidence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Incidence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similarly to studies in general <a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">workplace bullying</a>, incidence varies a lot depending on where and what definition of bullying is used. There is up to one quarter or one third of academics who declare they have been bullied in the past year. This is considerably higher compared to other workplaces, with 10-14% workers declaring having experienced bullying in the past year in the United States, but less than in healthcare, where a studies in 17 Greek hospitals reported that half of the doctors and nurses reported they had experienced bullying. Around 40% say they have witnessed or heard about bullying behaviors happening to someone else. One of the largest studies of bullying in universities, surveying 14,000 higher-education staff over 92 institutions in the United Kingdom, found the rate of bullying varied widely across institutions, from 2% to 19% of the staff at each university reporting being always or often bullied.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008 the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">University and College Union</a> released the results of a survey taken among its 9,700 members.<sup id="cite_ref-inno_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inno-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 51% of respondents said they had never been bullied, 16.7% that they had occasionally experienced it, and 6.7% that they were "always" or "often" subjected to bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-inno_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inno-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results varied by member institutions, with respondents from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">University of East London</a> reporting the highest incidence.<sup id="cite_ref-inno_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inno-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education" title="Times Higher Education">Times Higher Education</a></i> commissioned a survey in 2005 and received 843 responses.<sup id="cite_ref-times_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 40% reported they had been bullied, with 33% reporting "unwanted physical contact" and 10% reporting physical violence; about 75% reported they were aware that co-workers had been bullied.<sup id="cite_ref-times_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incidence rate found in this survey was higher than that usually found via internal polling (12 to 24 percent).<sup id="cite_ref-times_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a survey conducted in 2021 by <a href="/wiki/NOS_op_3" title="NOS op 3">NOS op 3</a> among science PhD candidates enrolled at universities across the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, the most common forms of bullying included sexual misconduct, discrimination and violations of scientific standards. Approximately 50% of the PhD students interviewed, whose number was approximately a hundred, reported that they had experienced inappropriate behavior in terms of unreasonable workload, inability to ask critical questions, teasing, intimidation, social exclusion and not receiving credits for their work. Among international students, the most common experiences included sexism, racism and sexually inappropriate behavior. One of the identified reasons for the unreasonable workload and the unhealthy working conditions of PhD students include competition for research funds (primarily provided by the largest subsidizer, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Research_Council" title="Dutch Research Council">Dutch Research Council</a>) among professors running a research group. Research conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Dutch_Trade_Unions" title="Federation of Dutch Trade Unions">Federation of Dutch Trade Unions</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Research_School_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dutch Research School of Philosophy (page does not exist)">Dutch Research School of Philosophy</a> found similar results to those reported by NOS op 3 with the conclusion of the latter being that "58% of PhD students had an increased risk of developing a psychiatric condition like <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>" or <a href="/wiki/Burnout_(psychology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnout (psychology)">burnout</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Author <a href="/wiki/C._K._Gunsalus" title="C. K. Gunsalus">C. K. Gunsalus</a> describes the problem as "low incidence, high severity", analogous to <a href="/wiki/Research_misconduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Research misconduct">research misconduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guns_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guns-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She identifies the aggressors' misuse of the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom" title="Academic freedom">academic freedom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collegiality" title="Collegiality">collegiality</a> as a commonly used strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-guns_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guns-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>University bullying policies and processes are open to misuse, however, and the AAUP notes that faculty who dissent on academic governance issues or who complain about workplace inequities may become the target for retaliatory bullying complaints aimed to silence unpopular views.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bullying_of_medical_students">Bullying of medical students</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bullying of medical students"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_medicine" title="Bullying in medicine">Bullying in medicine</a></div> <p>In a 2005 British study, around 35% of medical students reported having been bullied. Around one in four of the 1,000 students questioned said they had been bullied by a doctor, while one in six had been bullied by a nurse. Manifestations of bullying included:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>being <a href="/wiki/Humiliated" class="mw-redirect" title="Humiliated">humiliated</a> by teachers in front of patients</li> <li>being <a href="/wiki/Victimised" class="mw-redirect" title="Victimised">victimised</a> for not having come from a "medical family"</li> <li>being put under pressure to carry out a procedure without supervision.</li></ul> <p>In 2019, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i> journal proposed a need for establishment of a global committee on academic behaviour ethics to consider academic bullying reports in a robust, fair, and unbiased manner.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dishonesty" title="Academic dishonesty">Academic dishonesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_of_students_in_higher_education" title="Bullying of students in higher education">Bullying of students in higher education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_medicine" title="Bullying in medicine">Bullying in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_teaching" title="Bullying in teaching">Bullying in teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus rape">Campus rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragging" title="Ragging">Ragging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_bullying" title="School bullying">School bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_misconduct" title="Scientific misconduct">Scientific misconduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_education" title="Sexual harassment in education">Sexual harassment in education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sham_peer_review" title="Sham peer review">Sham peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_prank" class="mw-redirect" title="Student prank">Student prank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">Workplace bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_incivility" title="Workplace incivility">Workplace incivility</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Academic_bullies_leave_no_trace-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Academic_bullies_leave_no_trace_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Academic_bullies_leave_no_trace_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kapot+gemaakt+door+je+eigen+universiteit&rft.pub=NOS+op+3&rft.date=2021-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DtdGuqi9jmWI%26ab_channel%3DNOSop3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaup.org/report/collegiality-criterion-faculty-evaluation">"AAUP Collegiality Report"</a>. <i>American Association of University Professors</i>. 26 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Association+of+University+Professors&rft.atitle=AAUP+Collegiality+Report&rft.date=2006-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaup.org%2Freport%2Fcollegiality-criterion-faculty-evaluation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2005" class="citation news cs1">Curtis, Polly (4 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/education/2005/may/04/highereducation.science">"Medical students complain of bullying"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Medical+students+complain+of+bullying&rft.date=2005-05-04&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Polly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Feducation%2F2005%2Fmay%2F04%2Fhighereducation.science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMahmoudi2019" class="citation journal cs1">Mahmoudi, Morteza (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2931361-3">"The need for a global committee on academic behaviour ethics"</a>. <i>The Lancet</i>. <b>394</b> (10207): 1410. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2931361-3">10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31361-3</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31631849">31631849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=The+need+for+a+global+committee+on+academic+behaviour+ethics&rft.volume=394&rft.issue=10207&rft.pages=1410&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2931361-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31631849&rft.aulast=Mahmoudi&rft.aufirst=Morteza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252819%252931361-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHollis2016" class="citation book cs1">Hollis, Leah P., ed. (2016). <i>The Coercive Community College: Bullying and Its Costly Impact on the Mission to Serve Underrepresented Populations</i>. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Group Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786355980" title="Special:BookSources/9781786355980"><bdi>9781786355980</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/946605641">946605641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coercive+Community+College%3A+Bullying+and+Its+Costly+Impact+on+the+Mission+to+Serve+Underrepresented+Populations&rft.place=Bingley%2C+U.K.&rft.pub=Emerald+Group+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F946605641&rft.isbn=9781786355980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLester2013" class="citation book cs1">Lester, Jaime, ed. (2013). <i>Workplace Bullying in Higher Education</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415519649" title="Special:BookSources/9780415519649"><bdi>9780415519649</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/768171467">768171467</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Workplace+Bullying+in+Higher+Education&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F768171467&rft.isbn=9780415519649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiley2010" class="citation book cs1">Riley, Stephen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a-n.co.uk/interface/whatson/single/649919/1"><i>Barsteadworth College – How Workplace Bullies Get Away With It</i></a>. London: Chipmunka Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84991-182-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84991-182-5"><bdi>978-1-84991-182-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barsteadworth+College+%E2%80%93+How+Workplace+Bullies+Get+Away+With+It&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Chipmunka+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84991-182-5&rft.aulast=Riley&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a-n.co.uk%2Finterface%2Fwhatson%2Fsingle%2F649919%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTowler2011" class="citation book cs1">Towler, John (2011). <i>Chaos and Academic Mobbing – The True Story of The Renison Affair</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaos+and+Academic+Mobbing+%E2%80%93+The+True+Story+of+The+Renison+Affair&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Towler&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTwale2008" class="citation book cs1">Twale, Darla J. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470197668.html"><i>Faculty Incivility: The Rise of the Academic Bully Culture and What to Do About It</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-19766-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-19766-0"><bdi>978-0-470-19766-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faculty+Incivility%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Academic+Bully+Culture+and+What+to+Do+About+It&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-19766-0&rft.aulast=Twale&rft.aufirst=Darla+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feu.wiley.com%2FWileyCDA%2FWileyTitle%2FproductCd-0470197668.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWesthues2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Westhues" title="Kenneth Westhues">Westhues, Kenneth</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6363&pc=9"><i>The Envy of Excellence: Administrative Mobbing of High-Achieving Professors</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-5979-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7734-5979-3"><bdi>978-0-7734-5979-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Envy+of+Excellence%3A+Administrative+Mobbing+of+High-Achieving+Professors&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7734-5979-3&rft.aulast=Westhues&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mellenpress.com%2Fmellenpress.cfm%3Fbookid%3D6363%26pc%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_papers">Academic papers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Academic papers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChapellCaseyDe_la_CruzFerrell2004" class="citation journal cs1">Chapell, M; Casey, D; De la Cruz, C; Ferrell, J; Forman, J; Lipkin, R; Newsham, M; Sterling, M; Whittaker, S (2004). "Bullying in college by students and teachers". <i>Adolescence</i>. <b>39</b> (153): <span class="nowrap">53–</span>64. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15230065">15230065</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adolescence&rft.atitle=Bullying+in+college+by+students+and+teachers.&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=153&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E64&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15230065&rft.aulast=Chapell&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Casey%2C+D&rft.au=De+la+Cruz%2C+C&rft.au=Ferrell%2C+J&rft.au=Forman%2C+J&rft.au=Lipkin%2C+R&rft.au=Newsham%2C+M&rft.au=Sterling%2C+M&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHollis2015" class="citation journal cs1">Hollis, Leah P. (1 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244015589997">"Bully University? The Cost of Workplace Bullying and Employee Disengagement in American Higher Education"</a>. <i>SAGE Open</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 215824401558999. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244015589997">10.1177/2158244015589997</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=Bully+University%3F+The+Cost+of+Workplace+Bullying+and+Employee+Disengagement+in+American+Higher+Education&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215824401558999&rft.date=2015-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244015589997&rft.aulast=Hollis&rft.aufirst=Leah+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2158244015589997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHughes2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hughes, Gavin (September 2001). "Examples of Good Practice when Dealing with Bullying in a Further/Higher Education College". <i>Pastoral Care in Education</i>. <b>19</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">10–</span>13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-0122.00201">10.1111/1468-0122.00201</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145206683">145206683</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pastoral+Care+in+Education&rft.atitle=Examples+of+Good+Practice+when+Dealing+with+Bullying+in+a+Further%2FHigher+Education+College&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E10-%3C%2Fspan%3E13&rft.date=2001-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1468-0122.00201&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145206683%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrestelicaPugh2009" class="citation journal cs1">Krestelica, Dragana; Pugh, Llandis Barratt (2009). "Do policies on bullying make a difference? Contrasting strategy regimes within higher education in Australia and Croatia". <i>International Journal of Management and Decision Making</i>. <b>10</b> (5/6): 303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1504%2FIJMDM.2009.026680">10.1504/IJMDM.2009.026680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Management+and+Decision+Making&rft.atitle=Do+policies+on+bullying+make+a+difference%3F+Contrasting+strategy+regimes+within+higher+education+in+Australia+and+Croatia&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5%2F6&rft.pages=303&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1504%2FIJMDM.2009.026680&rft.aulast=Krestelica&rft.aufirst=Dragana&rft.au=Pugh%2C+Llandis+Barratt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLester2009" class="citation journal cs1">Lester, Jaime (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/JaimeLester/Papers/333734/Not_Your_Childs_Playground_Workplace_Bullying_Among_Community_College_Faculty">"Not Your Child's Playground: Workplace Bullying Among Community College Faculty"</a>. <i>Community College Journal of Research and Practice</i>. <b>33</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">444–</span>462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10668920902728394">10.1080/10668920902728394</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145723282">145723282</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Community+College+Journal+of+Research+and+Practice&rft.atitle=Not+Your+Child%27s+Playground%3A+Workplace+Bullying+Among+Community+College+Faculty&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E444-%3C%2Fspan%3E462&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10668920902728394&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145723282%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=Jaime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgmu.academia.edu%2FJaimeLester%2FPapers%2F333734%2FNot_Your_Childs_Playground_Workplace_Bullying_Among_Community_College_Faculty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lewis, Duncan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100406130207/http://www.worktrauma.org/research/research12.htm">Workplace bullying–interim findings of a study in further and higher education in Wales – International Journal of Manpower, Vol 20 Issue 1/2 1999</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis2003" class="citation journal cs1">Lewis, Duncan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inderscience.com/search/index.php?action=record&rec_id=2489">"Voices in the social construction of bullying at work: exploring multiple realities in further and higher education"</a>. <i>International Journal of Management and Decision Making</i>. <b>4</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">65–</span>81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1504%2Fijmdm.2003.002489">10.1504/ijmdm.2003.002489</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Management+and+Decision+Making&rft.atitle=Voices+in+the+social+construction+of+bullying+at+work%3A+exploring+multiple+realities+in+further+and+higher+education&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E81&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1504%2Fijmdm.2003.002489&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inderscience.com%2Fsearch%2Findex.php%3Faction%3Drecord%26rec_id%3D2489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMisawa2010" class="citation journal cs1">Misawa, Mitsunori (January 2010). 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"Dangerous Work: The Gendered Nature of Bullying in the Context of Higher Education". <i>Gender, Work and Organization</i>. <b>11</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">163–</span>186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0432.2004.00227.x">10.1111/j.1468-0432.2004.00227.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gender%2C+Work+and+Organization&rft.atitle=Dangerous+Work%3A+The+Gendered+Nature+of+Bullying+in+the+Context+of+Higher+Education&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E186&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-0432.2004.00227.x&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThomas2005" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, Mary (2005). 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"Prevalence and Forms of Workplace Bullying among University Employees". <i>Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal</i>. <b>25</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">89–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10672-012-9210-x">10.1007/s10672-012-9210-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143679664">143679664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Employee+Responsibilities+and+Rights+Journal&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Forms+of+Workplace+Bullying+among+University+Employees&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10672-012-9210-x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143679664%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zabrodska&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft.au=Kveton%2C+Petr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkplace+bullying+in+academia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Twale D <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/68/04701976/0470197668.pdf">Civility, Incivility, Bullying, and Mobbing in Academe</a></li> <li>Karim N <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/higher/bullying-in-universities-it-exists-1869267.html">Bullying in Universities: It exists</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent_on_Sunday" class="mw-redirect" title="The Independent on Sunday">The Independent on Sunday</a> 15 January 2010</li> <li>Westhues K <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812072428/http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~kwesthue/mobbing.htm">Workplace Mobbing in Academe</a></li> <li>Albrecht <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antimobbing.eu">Anti-Mobbing Help for Scientists</a></li> <li>Borthakur & Crockett <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://instituteofworkplacebullyingresources.ca/surviving-academic-bullying-stories-and-resources-for-targets/">Surviving-academic-bullying-stories-and-resources-for-targets</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Bullying">Bullying</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abusive_supervision" title="Abusive supervision">Abusive supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_abuse" title="Disability abuse">Disability bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displaced_aggression" title="Displaced aggression">Displaced aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxing" title="Doxing">Doxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_bullying" title="LGBTQ bullying">LGBTQ bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_the_military" title="Bullying in the military">Military bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a 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class="mw-selflink selflink">Academia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_information_technology" title="Bullying in information technology">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_workplace_bullying" title="Legal aspects of workplace bullying">Legal aspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_the_legal_profession" title="Bullying in the legal profession">Legal profession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_medicine" title="Bullying in medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_nursing" title="Bullying in nursing">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_teaching" title="Bullying in teaching">Teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_leader" title="Toxic leader">Toxic leader</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betrayal" title="Betrayal">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">Blacklisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_emotional_intelligence" title="Bullying and emotional intelligence">Bullying and emotional intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">Character assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">Coercion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_fear" title="Culture of fear">Culture of fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destabilisation" title="Destabilisation">Destabilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Discrediting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embarrassment" title="Embarrassment">Embarrassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_accusation" title="False accusation">False accusation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossip" title="Gossip">Gossip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harassment" title="Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incivility" title="Incivility">Incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">Intimidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolation_to_facilitate_abuse" title="Isolation to facilitate abuse">Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_up_kick_down" title="Kiss up kick down">Kiss up kick down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_games" title="Mind games">Mind games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_the_goalposts" title="Moving the goalposts">Moving the goalposts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagging" title="Nagging">Nagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_calling" title="Name calling">Name calling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_hominem" title="Ad hominem">Personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">Physical abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">Psychological abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudeness" title="Rudeness">Rudeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">Sarcasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screaming" title="Screaming">Screaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shame" title="Shame">Shame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_undermining" title="Social undermining">Social undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swatting" title="Swatting">Swatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunting" title="Taunting">Taunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_incivility" title="Workplace incivility">Workplace incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">Verbal abuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_Against_Bullying" title="Act Against Bullying">Act Against Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Bossy" title="Ban Bossy">Ban Bossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_UK" title="Bullying UK">Bullying UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bystander_Revolution" title="Bystander Revolution">Bystander Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Gender_and_Sexual_Diversity" title="Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity">Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch_the_Label" title="Ditch the Label">Ditch the Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRIN_Campaign" title="GRIN Campaign">GRIN Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project" title="It Gets Better Project">It Gets Better Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidscape" title="Kidscape">Kidscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Against_Violence_in_Education" title="Society Against Violence in Education">Society Against Violence in Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Costanza_Baldry" title="Anna Costanza Baldry">Anna Costanza Baldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Craig_(psychologist)" title="Wendy Craig (psychologist)">Wendy Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Espelage" title="Dorothy Espelage">Dorothy Espelage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Farrington" title="David P. Farrington">David P. Farrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Hymel" title="Shelley Hymel">Shelley Hymel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Leymann" title="Heinz Leymann">Heinz Leymann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Namie" title="Gary Namie">Gary Namie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Higgins_Norman" title="James O'Higgins Norman">James O'Higgins Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Olweus" title="Dan Olweus">Dan Olweus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_Pepler" title="Debra Pepler">Debra Pepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Salmivalli" title="Christina Salmivalli">Christina Salmivalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Westhues" title="Kenneth Westhues">Kenneth Westhues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Adams" title="Andrea Adams">Andrea Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Burfitt-Dons" title="Louise Burfitt-Dons">Louise Burfitt-Dons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Field" title="Tim Field">Tim Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuEllen_Fried" title="SuEllen Fried">SuEllen Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Hackett" title="Liam Hackett">Liam Hackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Vel%C3%A1squez" title="Lizzie Velásquez">Lizzie Velásquez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bullying_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bullying Day">Anti-Bullying Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bullying_Week" title="Anti-Bullying Week">Anti-Bullying Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bullying_legislation" title="Anti-bullying legislation">Anti-bullying legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Pink" title="International Day of Pink">International Day of Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Stand_Up_to_Bullying_Day" title="International Stand Up to Bullying Day">International Stand Up to Bullying Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Before_You_Speak_(campaign)" title="Think Before You Speak (campaign)">Think Before You Speak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_suicide" title="Bullying and suicide">suicides</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying" class="mw-redirect" title="List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_William_Arthur_Gibbs" title="Suicide of William Arthur Gibbs">William Arthur Gibbs</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kelly_Yeomans" title="Suicide of Kelly Yeomans">Kelly Yeomans</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Hamed_Nastoh" title="Suicide of Hamed Nastoh">Hamed Nastoh</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Dawn-Marie_Wesley" title="Suicide of Dawn-Marie Wesley">Dawn-Marie Wesley</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Nicola_Ann_Raphael" title="Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael">Nicola Ann Raphael</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Ryan_Halligan" title="Suicide of Ryan Halligan">Ryan Halligan</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Megan_Meier" title="Suicide of Megan Meier">Megan Meier</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Sladjana_Vidovic" title="Suicide of Sladjana Vidovic">Sladjana Vidovic</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Phoebe_Prince" title="Suicide of Phoebe Prince">Phoebe Prince</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Tyler_Clementi" title="Suicide of Tyler Clementi">Tyler Clementi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Jamey_Rodemeyer" title="Suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer">Jamey Rodemeyer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hubley#Family" title="Allan Hubley">Jamie Hubley</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kenneth_Weishuhn" title="Suicide of Kenneth Weishuhn">Kenneth Weishuhn</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Audrie_Pott" title="Suicide of Audrie Pott">Audrie Pott</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Amanda_Todd" title="Suicide of Amanda Todd">Amanda Todd</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Jadin_Bell" title="Suicide of Jadin Bell">Jadin Bell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Rehtaeh_Parsons" title="Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons">Rehtaeh Parsons</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Rebecca_Sedwick" title="Suicide of Rebecca Sedwick">Rebecca Sedwick</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leelah_Alcorn" title="Leelah Alcorn">Leelah Alcorn</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Conrad_Roy" title="Death of Conrad Roy">Conrad Roy</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Tyrone_Unsworth" title="Suicide of Tyrone Unsworth">Tyrone Unsworth</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Murder%E2%80%93suicide" title="Murder–suicide">Murder–suicides</a><br />(incidents)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Harris_and_Dylan_Klebold" title="Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold">Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre" title="Columbine High School massacre">Columbine</a>, 1999</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Weise" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Weise">Jeff Weise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lake_shootings" title="Red Lake shootings">Red Lake</a>, 2005</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seung-Hui_Cho" title="Seung-Hui Cho">Seung-Hui Cho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_shooting" title="Virginia Tech shooting">Virginia Tech</a>, 2007</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokela_school_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Jokela school shooting">Pekka-Eric Auvinen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jokela_school_shooting" title="Jokela school shooting">Jokela High School</a>, 2007</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauhajoki_school_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Kauhajoki school shooting">Matti Juhani Saari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kauhajoki_school_shooting" title="Kauhajoki school shooting">Kauhajoki School of Hospitality</a>, 2008</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sparks_Middle_School_shooting#Perpetrator" title="2013 Sparks Middle School shooting">Jose Horacio Reyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sparks_Middle_School_shooting" title="2013 Sparks Middle School shooting">Sparks Middle School</a>, 2013</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Rodger" title="Elliot Rodger">Elliot Rodger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Isla_Vista_killings" title="2014 Isla Vista killings">Isla Vista</a>, 2014</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_blackmail" title="Emotional blackmail">Emotional blackmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just-world_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-world hypothesis">Just-world hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_suicides" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT-related suicides">List of LGBT-related suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_in_the_workplace" title="Machiavellianism in the workplace">Machiavellianism in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">Narcissism in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_boundaries" title="Personal boundaries">Personal boundaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">Personality disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_the_victim" title="Playing the victim">Playing the victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopathy_in_the_workplace" title="Psychopathy in the workplace">Psychopathy in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">Self-esteem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dominance_orientation" title="Social dominance orientation">Social dominance orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_people" title="Suicide among LGBTQ people">Suicide among LGBTQ people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">Victim blaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Abuse66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Abuse" title="Template:Abuse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abuse" title="Template talk:Abuse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abuse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abuse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abuse66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">Abuse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abuse#Types_and_contexts_of_abuse" title="Abuse">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_childhood_experiences" title="Adverse childhood experiences">Adverse childhood experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">Anti-social behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_neglect" title="Child neglect">neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">sexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">Cruelty to animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_abuse" title="Disability abuse">Disability abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability draft">military draft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_abuse" title="Elder abuse">Elder abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elder_financial_abuse" title="Elder financial abuse">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predatory_marriage" title="Predatory marriage">Marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harassment" title="Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incivility" title="Incivility">Incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_abuse" title="Institutional abuse">Institutional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">Intimidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neglect" title="Neglect">Neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_abuse" title="Professional abuse">Professional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">Psychological abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">Physical abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_abuse" title="Religious abuse">Religious abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_abuse" title="Social abuse">Social abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">Stalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">Substance abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">Alcohol abuse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_abuse" title="Surveillance abuse">Surveillance abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpire_abuse" title="Umpire abuse">Referee and umpire abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">Verbal abuse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abuse#Types_and_contexts_of_abuse" title="Abuse">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abusive_supervision" title="Abusive supervision">Abusive supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">Abuse of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlling_behavior_in_relationships" title="Controlling behavior in relationships">Controlling behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_grooming" class="mw-redirect" title="Child grooming">Child grooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Complex post-traumatic stress disorder">Complex post-traumatic stress disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial" title="Denial">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destabilisation" title="Destabilisation">Destabilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exaggeration" title="Exaggeration">Exaggeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolation_to_facilitate_abuse" title="Isolation to facilitate abuse">Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just-world_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-world hypothesis">Just-world hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lie" title="Lie">Lying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological manipulation">Manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimisation_(psychology)" title="Minimisation (psychology)">Minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">Narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_the_victim" title="Playing the victim">Playing the victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Psychological projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_trauma" title="Psychological trauma">Psychological trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">Psychopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalization_(psychology)" title="Rationalization (psychology)">Rationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traumatic_bonding" title="Traumatic bonding">Traumatic bonding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">Victim blaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&oldid=1282829854">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Workplace_bullying_in_academia&oldid=1282829854</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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