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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History of Kincaid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_Kincaid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kincaid_focus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kincaid_focus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kincaid focus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kincaid_focus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&params=37_4_50_N_88_29_30_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°4′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">88°29′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.08056°N 88.49167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.08056; -88.49167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological site in Illinois, US</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Kincaid Mounds<br />11 MX2 11; 11 PO2 10</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kincaid_Mounds_1300_CE_HRoe_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kincaid_Mounds_1300_CE_HRoe_2017.jpg/250px-Kincaid_Mounds_1300_CE_HRoe_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kincaid_Mounds_1300_CE_HRoe_2017.jpg/375px-Kincaid_Mounds_1300_CE_HRoe_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kincaid_Mounds_1300_CE_HRoe_2017.jpg/500px-Kincaid_Mounds_1300_CE_HRoe_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="385" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A digital reconstruction of the late occupation phase of the site circa 1300 CE</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Illinois_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kincaid Mounds is located in Illinois"><img alt="Kincaid Mounds is located in Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Illinois_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Illinois_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Illinois_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Illinois_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/USA_Illinois_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Illinois_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="1250" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:95.245%;left:63.937%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kincaid Mounds"><img alt="Kincaid Mounds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Kincaid Mounds</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Illinois today</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Brookport,_Illinois" title="Brookport, Illinois">Brookport, Illinois</a>,</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois" title="Southern Illinois">Southern Illinois</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&params=37_4_50_N_88_29_30_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°4′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">88°29′30″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.08056°N 88.49167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.08056; -88.49167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultures</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Mississippian culture">Middle Mississippian culture</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archaeologists</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fay-Cooper_Cole" title="Fay-Cooper Cole">Fay-Cooper Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_MacNeish" title="Richard MacNeish">Richard MacNeish</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural styles</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Platform_mounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Platform mounds">platform mounds</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural details</th><td class="infobox-data">Number of monuments: 19</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Kincaid Site</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background:cornflowerBlue"><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Historic_Preservation_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Historic Preservation Agency">Illinois State Historic Site</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/66000326">66000326</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">October 15, 1966<sup id="cite_ref-nris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">July 19, 1964<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kincaid Mounds Historic Site</b> (<a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_trinomial" title="Smithsonian trinomial">11MX2-11; 11PO2-10</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1050–1400 CE</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-SH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a> <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">archaeological site</a> located at the southern tip of present-day <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>. Kincaid Mounds has been notable for both its significant role in native <a href="/wiki/Precolumbian#North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Precolumbian">North American prehistory</a> and for the central role the site has played in the development of modern <a href="/wiki/Archaeology#Methods" title="Archaeology">archaeological techniques</a>. The site had at least 11 substructure <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform mounds</a> (it ranks fifth among known sites of this period for the number of such structures), and 8 other monuments. </p><p>Artifacts from the settlement link its major habitation and the construction of the mounds to the <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a> period. It is 140 miles from <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a>, the major center of Mississippian culture in North America. The Kincaid site was also occupied earlier by indigenous peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Late_Woodland_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Woodland period">Late Woodland period</a>. The site was declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1964 for its significance as a major <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> <a href="/wiki/Mound" title="Mound">mound</a> center and prehistoric trading center along the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kincaid_Mounds_Site_aerial_illustration_HRoe_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Kincaid_Mounds_Site_aerial_illustration_HRoe_2019.jpg/220px-Kincaid_Mounds_Site_aerial_illustration_HRoe_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Kincaid_Mounds_Site_aerial_illustration_HRoe_2019.jpg/330px-Kincaid_Mounds_Site_aerial_illustration_HRoe_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Kincaid_Mounds_Site_aerial_illustration_HRoe_2019.jpg/440px-Kincaid_Mounds_Site_aerial_illustration_HRoe_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption>Artist's conception of Kincaid as it may have looked during its peak</figcaption></figure> <p>Built in the floodplain adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River" title="Ohio River">Ohio River</a>, the site straddles modern-day <a href="/wiki/Massac_County,_Illinois" title="Massac County, Illinois">Massac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pope_County,_Illinois" title="Pope County, Illinois">Pope</a> counties in deep southern Illinois. This area is colloquially known as <a href="/wiki/Little_Egypt_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Egypt (region)">Little Egypt</a>. The Kincaid site was the subject of major excavations by <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Chicago">the University of Chicago</a> from 1934–1941, during which a number of <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropologists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeologists</a> who later had notable careers were trained under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Fay-Cooper_Cole" title="Fay-Cooper Cole">Fay-Cooper Cole</a>; they included <a href="/wiki/Richard_MacNeish" title="Richard MacNeish">Richard MacNeish</a>, discoverer of the origins of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cole_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cole-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2003 investigation of the site with new technology and excavations by teams from <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University</a> have yielded significant new data, including identification of another mound. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Historic_Preservation_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Historic Preservation Agency">Illinois Historic Preservation Agency</a> owns and operates<sup id="cite_ref-SH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an area including several mounds in Massac County related to the Kincaid site. This includes the majority of the estimated 141-acre (0.57 km<sup>2</sup>) area contained within a wooden <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a>, as well as an undefined area of additional occupation to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-siuc_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siuc-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pope County portion of the site is privately owned.<sup id="cite_ref-SH_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the University of Chicago excavated Kincaid in the 1930s and 1940s, their team identified nine mounds on the site's Massac County portion. In 2003, a tenth mound was identified. It is a small mound that was later covered with a <a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">midden</a>, and it lies along the current road near the county line on the southeastern corner of the town plaza. Chicago archaeologists had excavated around this mound, but they chose to exclude it from their list of possible mounds due to a lack of clarity about its identity. Identification of this portion of the site as an artificial <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthwork</a> came after <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University</a> returned to the site in 2003 to re-excavate the hills that were thought to be possible mounds.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 138">: 138 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Kincaid">History of Kincaid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History of Kincaid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chromesun_kincaid_pic01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chromesun_kincaid_pic01.jpg/220px-Chromesun_kincaid_pic01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chromesun_kincaid_pic01.jpg/330px-Chromesun_kincaid_pic01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Chromesun_kincaid_pic01.jpg/440px-Chromesun_kincaid_pic01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>A photo of the Kincaid Site showing (clockwise from left) mounds 7, 8, and 9</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kincaid_Site_mounds_HRoe_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kincaid_Site_mounds_HRoe_04.jpg/220px-Kincaid_Site_mounds_HRoe_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kincaid_Site_mounds_HRoe_04.jpg/330px-Kincaid_Site_mounds_HRoe_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Kincaid_Site_mounds_HRoe_04.jpg/440px-Kincaid_Site_mounds_HRoe_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of site on one of three information plaques on display</figcaption></figure> <p>The Chicago excavators in the 1930s documented a prehistory in the Kincaid area stretching back thousands of years, into what is now known as the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic period in the Americas">Archaic Period</a> (8000 to 2000 BCE). The Chicago crew recognized this period as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faulkner_Component&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faulkner Component (page does not exist)">Faulkner Component</a>, which was described as a pre-<a href="/wiki/Ceramics_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramics of indigenous peoples of the Americas">pottery</a> culture. Except for the lack of pottery, archeologically the evidence showed that it was otherwise very like the subsequent cultures of the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period#Early_Woodland_period_(1000–1_BCE)" title="Woodland period">Early Woodland</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena culture</a> (1000 to 200 BCE). </p><p>Teams documented more intensive occupation in the ensuing Early Woodland and <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period#Middle_Woodland_period_(1-500_CE)" title="Woodland period">Middle Woodland</a> periods. It was similar to the contemporaneous Adena and <a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> cultures that began during this time period throughout eastern North America. This involved a more <a href="/wiki/Sedentism" title="Sedentism">sedentary</a> lifestyle and a semi-<a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> culture characterized by the use of <a href="/wiki/Temper_(pottery)" title="Temper (pottery)">limestone-tempered</a> ceramics and the presence of semi-permanent housing. The extensive occupation is chronologically classified as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baumer_phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baumer phase (page does not exist)">Baumer phase</a> (a local variation of the <a href="/wiki/Crab_Orchard_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Crab Orchard culture">Crab Orchard culture</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-lapham_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lapham-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Baumer-phase occupants of Kincaid used no <a href="/wiki/Havana_Hopewell_culture" title="Havana Hopewell culture">Havana Hopewell culture</a> motifs when decorating their pottery, as did other Crab Orchard peoples, but used cord and fabric marking. They also preferred more limestone and <a href="/wiki/Grog_(clay)#In_archaeology" title="Grog (clay)">grog tempering</a> in their clay paste.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Excavations prior to construction of an informational kiosk and viewing platform in 2003 revealed six Baumer-phase pit features dating to 250 BCE to 1 CE. One of the pits contained the intentionally buried remains of a small <a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a>, a rare find for the area.<sup id="cite_ref-lapham_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lapham-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Occupation continued into the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period#Late_Woodland_period_(500–1000_CE)" title="Woodland period">Late Woodland</a> period. This period is known as the Lewis culture. </p><p>But, the most notable occupation at Kincaid was during the period of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian culture</a>, which developed from the local Lewis community about 1050 CE. Kincaid was a near neighbor of <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a>, only 140 miles (230 km) away, and is thought to have been influenced by its development as the major site in North America of Mississippian culture. The people at Kincaid built at least 19 <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(archaeology)" title="Earthworks (archaeology)">earthwork</a> mounds during this period, mostly the characteristic Mississippian <a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">platform mounds</a>. Since 2003 teams from Southern Illinois University have been conducting more intensive research at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-schwegman_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwegman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A large central <a href="/wiki/Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza">plaza</a>, constructed by filling and leveling, was created at the center of the community; it is surrounded by the major mounds, one of which is almost 500 feet (150 m) long. Although none of Kincaid's earthworks rivals the size of <a href="/wiki/Monks_Mound" title="Monks Mound">Monks Mound</a> at Cahokia, the largest is very big by Mississippian standards and ranks 12th in size among all known Mississippian mounds. The overall site ranks 5th in size among the Mississippian sites, in terms of the number of mounds constructed at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remaining platform mounds' heights range from 8 feet (2.4 m) to 30 feet (9.1 m).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remains of large buildings atop the main mounds seemed to indicate temples or council houses. Carved figurines in <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fluorite" title="Fluorite">fluorite</a> seemed to characterize the local <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a>, with images showing connections to the <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a> (SECC). Trade for <a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">chert</a> resources appeared to extend into <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>, and other parts of Illinois. Several examples of <a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_chert" title="Mill Creek chert">Mill Creek chert</a>, which came from quarries very near by, were found at the site. <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture_pottery" title="Mississippian culture pottery">Mississippian culture pottery</a> painted with a negative resist are also characteristic of the site.<sup id="cite_ref-brennan_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brennan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1930s, the Chicago team excavated a major <a href="/wiki/Burial_mound" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial mound">burial mound</a>, Pope Mound 2, yielding further evidence for hierarchical social structures and Kincaid's status as a <a href="/wiki/Chiefdom" title="Chiefdom">chiefdom</a>. The mound contained a number of <a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">stone box graves</a> and log-lined tombs, similar to those frequently found to the south in the Middle Cumberland Valley of Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-brennan_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brennan-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mississippian culture occupation at the site appears to have ended by 1400–1450 CE. No documented occupation of the site by historic <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> tribes exists. The site was evidently abandoned, perhaps because of exhaustion of timber and game resources. It remained uninhabited for three centuries, until the arrival of American settlers. Most of these settlers arrived more than 400 years after the site was abandoned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kincaid_focus">Kincaid focus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kincaid focus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mississippian_sites_on_Lower_Ohio_Map_HRoe_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mississippian_sites_on_Lower_Ohio_Map_HRoe_2010.jpg/350px-Mississippian_sites_on_Lower_Ohio_Map_HRoe_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mississippian_sites_on_Lower_Ohio_Map_HRoe_2010.jpg/525px-Mississippian_sites_on_Lower_Ohio_Map_HRoe_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Mississippian_sites_on_Lower_Ohio_Map_HRoe_2010.jpg/700px-Mississippian_sites_on_Lower_Ohio_Map_HRoe_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Mississippian sites on the Lower Ohio River</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wickliffe_Mounds" title="Wickliffe Mounds">Wickliffe Mounds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></div> <p>In the lower Ohio River valley in Illinois, Kentucky, and Indiana, the Mississippian-culture towns of Kincaid, <a href="/wiki/Wickliffe_Mounds" title="Wickliffe Mounds">Wickliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolu_Site" title="Tolu Site">Tolu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a> have been grouped together into a "Kincaid focus" set, due to similarities in pottery assemblages and site plans. Most striking are the comparisons between the Kincaid and Angel sites, which include analogous site plans, stylistic similarities in artifacts, and geographic closeness. These connections have led some experts to hypothesize that the builders and residents were of the same society.<sup id="cite_ref-hilgeman_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilgeman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 300–400 year span in which these types of artifacts and sites are found is called the "<a href="/wiki/Angel_phase" title="Angel phase">Angel phase</a>". It is divided into three subphases: </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Subphases </th> <th scope="col">Dates </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jonathan Creek </th> <td>1000–1100/1200 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Angelly </th> <td>1200–1300 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tinsley Hill </th> <td>1300–1450 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> Rare painted and incised sherds of Mississippian-culture pottery have been found at all four sites, ranging from less than one percent near Kincaid to about three or four percent of the assemblage at Wickliffe. Some common pottery styles found in these sites include: <i>Angel Negative Painted</i>, <i>Kincaid Negative Painted</i>, and <i>Matthews Incised</i>. This pottery is shell tempered and ranges from the smoothed surface and coarser temper of Mississippi Ware to the more polished surface and finer temper of Bell Ware.<sup id="cite_ref-hilgeman_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilgeman-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)#Culture,_phase,_and_chronological_table_for_the_Mississippi_Valley" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Mississippi Valley: Culture, phase, and chronological periods table</a> – List of archaeological periods</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Illinois" title="List of archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois">List of archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=215&ResourceType=Site">the original</a> on January 3, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Landmark+summary+listing&rft.atitle=Kincaid+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceId%3D215%26ResourceType%3DSite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan,_Meghan_E.2007" class="citation thesis cs1">Buchanan, Meghan E. 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Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siu.edu/%7Ecai/About_Kincaid_Mounds.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 7, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Kincaid+Mounds&rft.pub=Southern+Illinois+University+Carbondale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siu.edu%2F%257Ecai%2FAbout_Kincaid_Mounds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler, Brian M., and Paul D. Welch. "Mounds Lost and Found: New Research at the Kincaid Site," <i>Illinois Archaeology</i> 17 (2005): 138-153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lapham-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lapham_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lapham_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLapham2010" class="citation journal cs1">Lapham, Heather A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/943248">"A Baumer Phase Dog Burial from the Kincaid Site in Southern Illinois"</a>. <i>Illinois Archaeology</i>. <b>22</b> (2). Illinois Archaeology Survey: 437–463.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Archaeology&rft.atitle=A+Baumer+Phase+Dog+Burial+from+the+Kincaid+Site+in+Southern+Illinois&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=437-463&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lapham&rft.aufirst=Heather+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F943248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPursell2016" class="citation thesis cs1">Pursell, Corin (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/28828734"><i>Afterimages of Kincaid Mounds</i></a> (Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology thesis). <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University Carbondale</a>. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Afterimages+of+Kincaid+Mounds&rft.degree=Doctor+of+Philosophy+in+Anthropology&rft.inst=Southern+Illinois+University+Carbondale&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Pursell&rft.aufirst=Corin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F28828734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwegman-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schwegman_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518111834/http://www.southernmostillinoishistory.net/kincaid2.htm">"<i>Kincaid: A Prehistoric Cultural and Religious Center In Southern Illinois</i>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kincaid%3A+A+Prehistoric+Cultural+and+Religious+Center+In+Southern+Illinois&rft.pub=Dr.+John+E.+Schwegman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southernmostillinoishistory.net%2Fkincaid2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller1997" class="citation book cs1">Muller, Jon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=03H1BwAAQBAJ&q=kincaid+mounds+large+mounds+by+mississippian+standards&pg=PA208"><i>Mississippian Political Economy</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 208–209. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0306455292" title="Special:BookSources/978-0306455292"><bdi>978-0306455292</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mississippian+Political+Economy&rft.pages=208-209&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0306455292&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D03H1BwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dkincaid%2Bmounds%2Blarge%2Bmounds%2Bby%2Bmississippian%2Bstandards%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPursell,_Corin2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Pursell, Corin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siu.academia.edu/CorinPursell/Papers/502312/Geographic_distribution_and_symbolism_of_colored_mound_architecture_in_the_Mississippian_Southeast"><i>Geographic distribution and symbolism of colored mound architecture in the Mississippian Southeast</i></a> (Masters thesis). <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University Carbondale</a>. p. 205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Geographic+distribution+and+symbolism+of+colored+mound+architecture+in+the+Mississippian+Southeast&rft.degree=Masters&rft.inst=Southern+Illinois+University+Carbondale&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Pursell%2C+Corin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiu.academia.edu%2FCorinPursell%2FPapers%2F502312%2FGeographic_distribution_and_symbolism_of_colored_mound_architecture_in_the_Mississippian_Southeast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brennan-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brennan_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brennan_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan2009" class="citation conference cs1">Brennan, Tamira K. (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/27771301/Domestic-Diversity-at-Kincaid-Mounds"><i>Domestic Diversity at Kincaid Mounds</i></a>. Midwest Archaeological Conference. Iowa City, Iowa. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Domestic+Diversity+at+Kincaid+Mounds&rft.place=Iowa+City%2C+Iowa&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2009-10&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Tamira+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F27771301%2FDomestic-Diversity-at-Kincaid-Mounds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hilgeman-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hilgeman_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hilgeman_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilgeman2000" class="citation book cs1">Hilgeman, Sherri L. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/potterychronolog00hilg/page/30"><i>Pottery and Chronology at Angel</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama_Press" title="University of Alabama Press">University of Alabama Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/potterychronolog00hilg/page/30">30–31</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8173-1035-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8173-1035-5"><bdi>0-8173-1035-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pottery+and+Chronology+at+Angel&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8173-1035-5&rft.aulast=Hilgeman&rft.aufirst=Sherri+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpotterychronolog00hilg%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan,_M._E.2007" class="citation thesis cs1">Buchanan, M. E. (2007). <i>Patterns of Faunal Utilization at Kincaid Mounds, Massac County, Illinois</i> (M.A. Thesis (Anthropology) thesis). <a href="/wiki/Southern_Illinois_University_Carbondale" title="Southern Illinois University Carbondale">Southern Illinois University Carbondale</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Patterns+of+Faunal+Utilization+at+Kincaid+Mounds%2C+Massac+County%2C+Illinois.&rft.degree=M.A.+Thesis+%28Anthropology%29&rft.inst=Southern+Illinois+University+Carbondale&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+M.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKincaid+Mounds+State+Historic+Site" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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style="vertical-align:1px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Icon_mound_platform_HRoe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Icon_mound_platform_HRoe.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="25" data-file-height="25" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian and related cultures</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F0F58E;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)#Culture,_phase,_and_chronological_table_for_the_Mississippi_Valley" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Timeline of Mississippi valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Middle<br />Mississippian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Bottom" title="American Bottom">American Bottom</a><br />and Upper Mississippi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztalan_State_Park" title="Aztalan State Park">Aztalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Eddy_Site" title="Big Eddy Site">Big Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monks_Mound" title="Monks Mound">Monks Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_34" title="Mound 34">Mound 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_72" title="Mound 72">Mound 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramey_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramey state">Ramey state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia_Woodhenge" title="Cahokia Woodhenge">Woodhenge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloverdale_archaeological_site" title="Cloverdale archaeological site">Cloverdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickson_Mounds" title="Dickson Mounds">Dickson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="Emerald Mound and Village Site">Emerald Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmons_Cemetery_Site" title="Emmons Cemetery Site">Emmons Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Lake_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="Horseshoe Lake Mound and Village Site">Horseshoe Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chapman_Village_Site" title="John Chapman Village Site">John Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuhn_Station_Site" title="Kuhn Station Site">Kuhn Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larson_Site" title="Larson Site">Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunsford-Pulcher_Archeological_Site" title="Lunsford-Pulcher Archeological Site">Lunsford-Pulcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCune_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="McCune Mound and Village Site">McCune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Archaeological_Site_(Mitchell,_Illinois)" title="Mitchell Archaeological Site (Mitchell, Illinois)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orendorf_Site" title="Orendorf Site">Orendorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeth_Site" title="Sleeth Site">Sleeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starr_Village_and_Mound_Group" title="Starr Village and Mound Group">Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steed-Kisker_culture" title="Steed-Kisker culture">Steed-Kisker culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mound" title="Sugarloaf Mound">Sugarloaf Mound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Lower Ohio River and<br /> Confluence area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_site" title="Adams site">Adams site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogtooth_Bend_Mounds_and_Village_Site" title="Dogtooth Bend Mounds and Village Site">Dogtooth Bend Mounds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kincaid Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Site" title="Marshall Site">Marshall Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millstone_Bluff" title="Millstone Bluff">Millstone Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orr-Herl_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="Orr-Herl Mound and Village Site">Orr-Herl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlandton_Mound_Site" title="Rowlandton Mound Site">Rowlandton Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towosahgy_State_Historic_Site" title="Towosahgy State Historic Site">Towosahgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Site" title="Turk Site">Turk Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Mounds_Site" title="Twin Mounds Site">Twin Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ware_Mounds_and_Village_Site" title="Ware Mounds and Village Site">Ware Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickliffe_Mounds" title="Wickliffe Mounds">Wickliffe Mounds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Middle Ohio River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angel_phase" title="Angel phase">Angel phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annis_Mound_and_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Annis Mound and Village Site">Annis Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bone_Bank_site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bone Bank site (page does not exist)">Bone Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborn-Welborn_culture" title="Caborn-Welborn culture">Caborn-Welborn culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellerbusch_site" title="Ellerbusch site">Ellerbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovey_Lake-Klein_Archeological_Site" title="Hovey Lake-Klein Archeological Site">Hovey Lake-Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovey_Lake_Archaeological_District" title="Hovey Lake Archaeological District">Hovey Lake District</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murphy_Archaeological_Site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murphy Archaeological Site (page does not exist)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prather_Site" title="Prather Site">Prather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slack_Farm" title="Slack Farm">Slack Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolu_Site" title="Tolu Site">Tolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welborn_Village_Archeological_Site" title="Welborn Village Archeological Site">Welborn Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yankeetown_site" title="Yankeetown site">Yankeetown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Tennessee and<br />Cumberland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backusburg_Mounds" title="Backusburg Mounds">Backusburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beasley_Mounds_Site" title="Beasley Mounds Site">Beasley Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood_Library_Site" title="Brentwood Library Site">Brentwood Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brick_Church_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="Brick Church Mound and Village Site">Brick Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalian_Springs_Mound_Site" title="Castalian Springs Mound Site">Castalian Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunbar_Cave_State_Park" title="Dunbar Cave State Park">Dunbar Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fewkes_Group_Archaeological_Site" title="Fewkes Group Archaeological Site">Fewkes Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwassee_Island" title="Hiwassee Island">Hiwassee Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Farm_State_Archaeological_Area" title="Link Farm State Archaeological Area">Link Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Bottom" title="Mound Bottom">Mound Bottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverview_Mounds_Archaeological_Site" title="Riverview Mounds Archaeological Site">Riverview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellars_Farm_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Sellars Farm Site">Sellars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obion_Mounds" title="Obion Mounds">Obion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Archaeological_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Town Archaeological Site">Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swallow_Bluff_Island_Mounds" title="Swallow Bluff Island Mounds">Swallow Bluff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Central and Lower<br /> Mississippi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belle_Meade_phase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belle Meade phase (page does not exist)">Belle Meade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boone%27s_Mounds" title="Boone's Mounds">Boone's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Mounds_Site" title="Boyd Mounds Site">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Archeological_Site" title="Campbell Archeological Site">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_Mounds" title="Carson Mounds">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chucalissa" title="Chucalissa">Chucalissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Mound_Group" title="Denmark Mound Group">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_site" title="Eaker site">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet%27s_Mound" title="Janet's Mound">Janet's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menard%E2%80%93Hodges_site" title="Menard–Hodges site">Menard-Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Mound_Archeological_Site" title="Murphy Mound Archeological Site">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_phase" title="Nodena phase">Nodena phase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owl_Creek_Mounds" title="Owl Creek Mounds">Owl Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Parkin phase">Parkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quigualtam" title="Quigualtam">Quigualtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipton_phase" title="Tipton phase">Tipton phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_people" title="Tunica people">Tunica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koroa" title="Koroa">Koroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazoo_people" title="Yazoo people">Yazoo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walls_phase" title="Walls phase">Walls phase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Appalachian_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="South Appalachian Mississippian culture">South Appalachian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Appalachian_Mississippian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="South Appalachian Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamson_Mounds_Site" title="Adamson Mounds Site">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_site" title="Avery site">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaverdam_Creek_Archaeological_Site" title="Beaverdam Creek Archaeological Site">Beaverdam Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Field_Mound_Site" title="Bell Field Mound Site">Bell Field Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessemer_Site" title="Bessemer Site">Bessemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltmore_Mound" title="Biltmore Mound">Biltmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Mound" title="Blair Mound">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bussell_Island" title="Bussell Island">Bussell Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauga_Mound" title="Chauga Mound">Chauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiaha" title="Chiaha">Chiaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chota_(Cherokee_town)" title="Chota (Cherokee town)">Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citico_(Cherokee_town)" title="Citico (Cherokee town)">Citico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coosa_chiefdom" title="Coosa chiefdom">Coosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_phase" title="Dallas phase">Dallas phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyar_site" title="Dyar site">Dyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds" title="Etowah Indian Mounds">Etowah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Creek_site" title="Garden Creek site">Garden Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoojah_Branch_Site" title="Hoojah Branch Site">Hoojah Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Mound_site" title="Irene Mound site">Irene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jere_Shine_site" title="Jere Shine site">Jere Shine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joara" title="Joara">Joara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bell_site" title="Joe Bell site">Joe Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Archaeological_Site" title="King Archaeological Site">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Mounds_and_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamar Mounds and Village Site">Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamar phase">Lamar phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liddell_Archeological_Site" title="Liddell Archeological Site">Liddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Egypt_(archaeological_site)" title="Little Egypt (archaeological site)">Little Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Swamp_Site" title="Long Swamp Site">Long Swamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabila" title="Mabila">Mabila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandeville_site" title="Mandeville site">Mandeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMahan_Mound_Site" title="McMahan Mound Site">McMahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin_Bend" title="Moccasin Bend">Moccasin Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moundville_Archaeological_Site" title="Moundville Archaeological Site">Moundville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse_Creek_phase" title="Mouse Creek phase">Mouse Creek phase</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulberry_site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulberry site (page does not exist)">Mulberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee (Creek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacoochee_Mound" title="Nacoochee Mound">Nacoochee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikwasi" title="Nikwasi">Nikwasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_National_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocmulgee National Monument">Ocmulgee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Mound" title="Park Mound">Park Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisgah_phase" title="Pisgah phase">Pisgah phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_Rock_Shelter" title="Punk Rock Shelter">Punk Rock Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rembert_Mounds" title="Rembert Mounds">Rembert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roods_Landing_site" title="Roods Landing site">Roods Landing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucker%27s_Bottom_site" title="Rucker's Bottom site">Rucker's Bottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah_Archaeological_Site" title="Savannah Archaeological Site">Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_Indian_Mounds_Site" title="Shiloh Indian Mounds Site">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixtoe_Mound" title="Sixtoe Mound">Sixtoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerour_Mound_site" title="Summerour Mound site">Summerour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskigi_Mound" title="Taskigi Mound">Taskigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomotley" title="Tomotley">Tomotley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toqua_(Tennessee)" title="Toqua (Tennessee)">Toqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Creek_Indian_Mound" title="Town Creek Indian Mound">Town Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddells_Mill_Pond_Site" title="Waddells Mill Pond Site">Waddells Mill Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbanks_Site" title="Wilbanks Site">Wilbanks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_culture" title="Fort Walton culture">Fort Walton culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhaica" title="Anhaica">Anhaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachee" title="Apalachee">Apalachee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apalachee_Province" title="Apalachee Province">Apalachee Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayson_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="Cayson Mound and Village Site">Cayson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corbin%E2%80%93Tucker_site&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corbin–Tucker site (page does not exist)">Corbin–Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_Mound" title="Fort Walton Mound">Fort Walton Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park">Lake Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon-Jefferson_culture" title="Leon-Jefferson culture">Leon-Jefferson culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letchworth-Love_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Letchworth-Love Mounds Archaeological State Park">Letchworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velda_Mound" title="Velda Mound">Velda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yon_Mound_and_Village_Site" title="Yon Mound and Village Site">Yon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_culture" title="Pensacola culture">Pensacola culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_Creek_Indian_Mounds" title="Bottle Creek Indian Mounds">Bottle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Mound_Park_(Dauphin_Island,_Alabama)" title="Indian Mound Park (Dauphin Island, Alabama)">Dauphin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_Mound" title="Fort Walton Mound">Fort Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Ridge_Cemetery_Archeological_Site" title="Hickory Ridge Cemetery Archeological Site">Hickory Ridge Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Live_Oaks_Cemetery" title="Naval Live Oaks Cemetery">Naval Live Oaks Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensacola_people" title="Pensacola people">Pensacola people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine<br />Mississippian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_site" title="Anna site">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchafalaya_Basin_Mounds" title="Atchafalaya Basin Mounds">Atchafalaya Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Mound_site" title="Emerald Mound site">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzhugh_Mounds" title="Fitzhugh Mounds">Fitzhugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowery_Mound" title="Flowery Mound">Flowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster%27s_Mound" title="Foster's Mound">Fosters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Site_Mounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost Site Mounds">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_site" title="Glass site">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Village_of_the_Natchez" title="Grand Village of the Natchez">Grand Village of the Natchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Bluff_site" title="Holly Bluff site">Holly Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaketown_Site" title="Jaketown Site">Jaketown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Mounds" title="Jordan Mounds">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julice_Mound" title="Julice Mound">Julice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangum_Mound_Site" title="Mangum Mound Site">Mangum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazique_Archeological_Site" title="Mazique Archeological Site">Mazique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medora_site" title="Medora site">Medora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott_Archaeological_Preserve" title="Mott Archaeological Preserve">Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_people" title="Natchez people">Natchez</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taensa" title="Taensa">Taensa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocahontas_Mounds" title="Pocahontas Mounds">Pocahontas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routh_Mounds" title="Routh Mounds">Routh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Place_Mounds" title="Scott Place Mounds">Scott Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sims_site" title="Sims site">Sims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transylvania_Mounds" title="Transylvania Mounds">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venable_Mound" title="Venable Mound">Venable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caddoan_Mississippian_culture" title="Caddoan Mississippian culture">Caddoan<br />Mississippian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Mound_Site" title="Battle Mound Site">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belcher_Mound_Site" title="Belcher Mound Site">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Spring_Heritage_Center" title="Blue Spring Heritage Center">Blue Spring Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluffton_Mound_site" title="Bluffton Mound site">Bluffton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo" title="Caddo">Caddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caddo_Mounds_State_Historic_Site" title="Caddo Mounds State Historic Site">Caddoan Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahagan_Mounds_Site" title="Gahagan Mounds Site">Gahagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Mound_Site" title="Hughes Mound Site">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka-Do-Ha_Indian_Village" title="Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village">Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keller_Site_(Calion,_Arkansas)" title="Keller Site (Calion, Arkansas)">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippian_culture" title="Upper Mississippian culture">Upper Mississippian<br />cultures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anker_Site" title="Anker Site">Anker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beattie_Park_Mound_Group" title="Beattie Park Mound Group">Beattie Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_Run_Site" title="Blood Run Site">Blood Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcajou_Point_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Carcajou Point Site">Carcajou Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifield_Site" title="Fifield Site">Fifield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Mound_Group" title="Fisher Mound Group">Fisher Mound Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_Farm_site" title="Gentleman Farm site">Gentleman Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Village_of_the_Illinois" title="Grand Village of the Illinois">Grand Village of the Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griesmer_site" title="Griesmer site">Griesmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Fort_State_Preserve" title="Hartley Fort State Preserve">Hartley Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park#Hotel_Plaza" title="Starved Rock State Park">Hotel Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxie_Farm_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoxie Farm Site">Hoxie Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huber_Site" title="Huber Site">Huber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juntunen_site" title="Juntunen site">Juntunen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoll_Spring_site" title="Knoll Spring site">Knoll Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mero_site" title="Mero site">Mero site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moccasin_Bluff_site" title="Moccasin Bluff site">Moccasin Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Forest_Site" title="Oak Forest Site">Oak Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palos_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Palos Site">Palos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Island_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Plum Island Site">Plum Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche-a-Cri_Petroglyphs" title="Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs">Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwerdt_site" title="Schwerdt site">Schwerdt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Island_site" title="Summer Island site">Summer Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_Effigy_Mound" title="Alligator Effigy Mound">Alligator Effigy Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clover_site" title="Clover site">Clover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge_Site" title="Dodge Site">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Petroglyph" title="Leo Petroglyph">Leo Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_Mound" title="Serpent Mound">Serpent Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch Indian Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus" title="Phaseolus">Beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenopodium" title="Chenopodium">Chenopodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_barley" class="mw-redirect" title="Little barley">Little barley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">Maize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iva_annua" title="Iva annua">Marshelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">Pumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helianthus_annuus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helianthus annuus">Sunflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">Tobacco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmons_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmons mask">Emmons mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_copper_plates" title="Mississippian copper plates">Copper plates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rogan_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogan plates">Rogan plates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiro_plates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiro plates (page does not exist)">Spiro plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfing_cache" title="Wulfing cache">Wulfing cache</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_River_cache" title="Duck River cache">Duck River cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-nosed_god_maskette" title="Long-nosed god maskette">Long-nosed god maskette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_chert" title="Mill Creek chert">Mill Creek chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture_pottery" title="Mississippian culture pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_gorget" title="Shell gorget">Shell gorget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_stone_statuary" title="Mississippian stone statuary">Stone statuary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddoan_languages" title="Caddoan languages">Caddoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Algonquian_languages" title="Central Algonquian languages">Central Algonquian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobilian_Jargon" title="Mobilian Jargon">Mobilian Jargon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskogean_languages" title="Muskogean languages">Muskogean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natchez_language" title="Natchez language">Natchez</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taensa_language" title="Taensa language">Taensa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siouan_languages" title="Siouan languages">Siouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timucua_language" title="Timucua language">Timucuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunica_language" title="Tunica language">Tunican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuchi_language" title="Yuchi language">Yuchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0F58E;;width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Ballgame (Southeastern)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_lacrosse" title="History of lacrosse">Northern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus#United_States" title="Tumulus">Burial mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth/fertility_cult" title="Earth/fertility cult">Earth/fertility cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_mound" title="Platform mound">Platform mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Horn" title="Red Horn">Red Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_bundle" title="Sacred bundle">Sacred bundle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caddoan_village_bundle" title="Caddoan village bundle">Village bundle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F0F58E;"><div> <dl><dt>Related topics</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chevron_bead" title="Chevron bead">Chevron bead</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarksdale_bell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarksdale bell (page does not exist)">Clarksdale bell</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_and_peoples_visited_by_the_Hernando_de_Soto_Expedition" title="List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition">de Soto Expedition</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#North_America" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Periods</a></i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br /> cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alachua_culture" title="Alachua culture">Alachua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Beringian" title="Ancient Beringian">Ancient Beringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avonlea_culture" title="Avonlea culture">Avonlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Glade_culture" title="Belle Glade culture">Belle Glade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk_Creek_complex" title="Buttermilk Creek complex">Buttermilk Creek complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborn-Welborn_culture" title="Caborn-Welborn culture">Caborn-Welborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cades_Pond_culture" title="Cades Pond culture">Cades Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Creek_culture" title="Calf Creek culture">Calf Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloosahatchee_culture" title="Caloosahatchee culture">Caloosahatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comond%C3%BA_complex" title="Comondú complex">Comondú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptford_culture" title="Deptford culture">Deptford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_culture" title="Fort Walton culture">Fort Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hopewell_sites" title="List of Hopewell sites">List of Hopewell sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_complex" title="La Jolla complex">La Jolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_complex" title="Las Palmas complex">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Archaic" title="Maritime Archaic">Maritime Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_culture" title="Monongahela culture">Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cordilleran_culture" title="Old Cordilleran culture">Old Cordilleran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arctic_tradition" title="Paleo-Arctic tradition">Paleo-Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_cultures" title="Plano cultures">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ocher_people" title="Red Ocher people">Red Ocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor_culture" title="Safety Harbor culture">Safety Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa-Swift_Creek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture">Santa Rosa-Swift Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steed-Kisker_culture" title="Steed-Kisker culture">Steed-Kisker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_Valley_culture" title="Suwannee Valley culture">Suwannee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchefuncte_site#Tchefuncte_culture" title="Tchefuncte site">Tchefuncte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzick_site" title="Anzick site">Anzick site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastian_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastian Site">Bastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Archeological_Site_(13WD50)" title="Benson Archeological Site (13WD50)">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Spring_Heritage_Center" title="Blue Spring Heritage Center">Blue Spring Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_Caves" title="Bluefish Caves">Bluefish Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluff_Point_Stoneworks" title="The Bluff Point Stoneworks">The Bluff Point Stoneworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewster Site">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_Cave" title="Candelaria Cave">Candelaria Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coso_Rock_Art_District" title="Coso Rock Art District">Coso Rock Art District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Crystal River Archaeological State Park">Crystal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Olla_(archaeological_site)" title="Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)">Cueva de la Olla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutler_Fossil_Site" title="Cutler Fossil Site">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_site" title="Eaker site">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fin_del_Mundo" title="El Fin del Mundo">El Fin del Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vallecito" title="El Vallecito">El Vallecito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds" title="Etowah Indian Mounds">Etowah Indian Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Site">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_site" title="Folsom site">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient_(Lebanon,_Ohio)" title="Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Center" title="Fort Center">Fort Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Juelson" title="Fort Juelson">Fort Juelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mounds_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Mounds Site">Four Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Archeological_District" title="Glenwood Archeological District">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes_Point" title="Grimes Point">Grimes Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blazes_archaeological_site" title="Helen Blazes archaeological site">Helen Blazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Bluff_site" title="Holly Bluff site">Holly Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horr%27s_Island" title="Horr's Island">Horr's Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu%C3%A1poca" title="Huápoca">Huápoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Marco" title="Key Marco">Key Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Village" title="Kimball Village">Kimball Village</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kincaid Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds" title="Kolomoki Mounds">Kolomoki Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park">Lake Jackson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehner_Mammoth-Kill_Site" title="Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site">Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Quarry_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynch Quarry Site">Lynch Quarry Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmes_Rockshelter" title="Marmes Rockshelter">Marmes Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaning_Cavern" title="Moaning Cavern">Moaning Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorehead_Circle" title="Moorehead Circle">Moorehead Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Mounds" title="Morrison Mounds">Morrison Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moundville_Archaeological_Site" title="Moundville Archaeological Site">Moundville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park">Ocmulgee Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_Fort_(Tennessee)" title="Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)">Old Stone Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwell_Site_(Fergus_Falls,_Minnesota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwell Site (Fergus Falls, Minnesota)">Orwell site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Paquime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Bluff" title="Painted Bluff">Painted Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_Archeological_State_Park" title="Parkin Archeological State Park">Parkin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinson_Mounds" title="Pinson Mounds">Pinson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_Mounds_Archeological_State_Park" title="Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park">Plum Bayou Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" title="Portsmouth Earthworks">Portsmouth Earthworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito" title="Pueblo Bonito">Pueblo Bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassawek" title="Rassawek">Rassawek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_Canyon" title="Recapture Canyon">Recapture Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Styx_archaeological_site" title="River Styx archaeological site">River Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Island_complex" title="Roberts Island complex">Roberts Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Eagle" title="Rock Eagle">Rock Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hawk" title="Rock Hawk">Rock Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstock_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenstock Village Site">Rosenstock Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Ruins" title="Salmon Ruins">Salmon Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_Mound" title="Serpent Mound">Serpent Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Paintings_of_Sierra_de_San_Francisco" title="Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco">Sierra de San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shell_ring_sites" title="List of shell ring sites">Shell ring sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stallings_Island" title="Stallings Island">Stallings Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Creek_Indian_Mound" title="Town Creek Indian Mound">Town Creek Indian Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_River_Mounds_State_Preserve" title="Turkey River Mounds State Preserve">Turkey River Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Sun_River_site" title="Upward Sun River site">Upward Sun River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velda_Mound" title="Velda Mound">Velda Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oak_Forest_Earthlodge_Site" title="West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site">West Oak Forest Earthlodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickiup_Hill" title="Wickiup Hill">Wickiup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windover_Archeological_Site" title="Windover Archeological Site">Windover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Human<br />remains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzick-1" title="Anzick-1">Anzick-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Springs_Man" title="Arlington Springs Man">Arlington Springs Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl_Woman" title="Buhl Woman">Buhl Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick_Man" title="Kennewick Man">Kennewick Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Woman" title="La Brea Woman">La Brea Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanderthal_Lady" title="Leanderthal Lady">Leanderthal Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Bone_Bed#Melbourne_Man" title="Melbourne Bone Bed">Melbourne Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Woman" title="Minnesota Woman">Minnesota Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1on_woman" title="Peñon woman">Peñon woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Cave_mummy" title="Spirit Cave mummy">Spirit Cave mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_man" title="Vero man">Vero man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Revolution_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container Revolution (pottery)">Container Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">Effigy mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex#Birdman" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Falcon dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre-Columbian_America#North_America" title="Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">N.A.G.P.R.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piasa" title="Piasa">Piasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Transoceanic contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_glyphs" title="Water glyphs">Water glyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Template talk:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Register of Historic Places"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="U.S._National_Register_of_Historic_Places" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">Property types</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._National_Historic_Landmarks_by_state" title="List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state">List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alabama" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Alaska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arizona" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Arkansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Colorado" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Connecticut" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Delaware" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nebraska" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Nevada" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Hampshire" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Jersey" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Mexico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_York" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oklahoma" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oregon" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Utah" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermont" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_state" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington state">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Puerto_Rico" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by associated state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Palau" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation, Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Preservation_Act" title="National Historic Preservation Act">National Historic Preservation Act</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Preservation_Fund" title="Historic Preservation Fund">Historic Preservation Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jails_and_prisons_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places">List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_college_buildings_listed_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places">University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/32px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="Template:Protected areas of Illinois"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="Template talk:Protected areas of Illinois"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Protected areas of Illinois"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protected_areas_of_Illinois" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">Protected areas of Illinois</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_Historic_Sites_and_Parks_and_national_monument" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site (United States)">National Historic Sites and Parks</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">national monument</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Portage_National_Historic_Site" title="Chicago Portage National Historic Site">Chicago Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_and_Mamie_Till-Mobley_National_Monument" title="Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument">Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="Lincoln Home National Historic Site">Lincoln Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Philadelphia_National_Historic_Site" title="New Philadelphia National Historic Site">New Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullman_National_Historical_Park" title="Pullman National Historical Park">Pullman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_forest_(United_States)" title="National forest (United States)">National Forest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee_National_Forest" title="Shawnee National Forest">Shawnee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="National Wildlife Refuge">National Wildlife Refuges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chautauqua_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Chautauqua National Wildlife Refuge">Chautauqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_Orchard_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge">Crab Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Creek_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge">Cypress Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftless_Area_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Driftless Area National Wildlife Refuge">Driftless Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiquon_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge">Emiquon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Great River National Wildlife Refuge">Great River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackmatack_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Hackmatack National Wildlife Refuge">Hackmatack</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kankakee_National_Wildlife_Refuge_and_Conservation_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kankakee National Wildlife Refuge and Conservation Area (page does not exist)">Kankakee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Complex" title="Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge Complex">Mark Twain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meredosia_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Meredosia National Wildlife Refuge">Meredosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Mississippi_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Middle Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge">Middle Mississippi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Louisa_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Port Louisa National Wildlife Refuge">Port Louisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Rivers_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Two Rivers National Wildlife Refuge">Two Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippi_River_National_Wildlife_and_Fish_Refuge" title="Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge">Upper Mississippi River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_grassland" title="National grassland">National Grassland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midewin_National_Tallgrass_Prairie" title="Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie">Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_Area" title="National Heritage Area">National Heritage Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_National_Heritage_Area" title="Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area">Abraham Lincoln National Heritage Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_and_Michigan_Canal" title="Illinois and Michigan Canal">Illinois and Michigan Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_National_Historic_Trail" title="Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail">Lewis and Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Natural_Landmark" title="National Natural Landmark">National Natural Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_Illinois" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in Illinois">List of National Natural Landmarks in Illinois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/National_Wild_and_Scenic_Rivers_System" title="National Wild and Scenic Rivers System">National Wild and Scenic Rivers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Fork_Vermilion_River" title="Middle Fork Vermilion River">Middle Fork Vermilion River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of Ramsar sites in the United States">Wetlands of international importance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heron_Pond_%E2%80%93_Little_Black_Slough_Nature_Preserve" title="Heron Pond – Little Black Slough Nature Preserve">Cache River-Cypress Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emiquon_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge">The Emiquon Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon_Waterfowl_Refuge" title="Dixon Waterfowl Refuge">Dixon Waterfowl Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Beach_State_Park" title="Illinois Beach State Park">Chiwaukee Illinois Beach Lake Plain</a> (shared with Wisconsin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mississippi_River_National_Wildlife_and_Fish_Refuge" title="Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge">Upper Mississippi</a> (shared)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">State Parks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_River_Canyon_State_Park" title="Apple River Canyon State Park">Apple River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyle_Lake_State_Park" title="Argyle Lake State Park">Argyle Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beall_Woods_State_Park" title="Beall Woods State Park">Beall Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Dam_State_Park_(Illinois)" title="Beaver Dam State Park (Illinois)">Beaver Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Rock_State_Park" title="Buffalo Rock State Park">Buffalo Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_State_Park_(Illinois)" title="Castle Rock State Park (Illinois)">Castle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave-in-Rock_State_Park" title="Cave-in-Rock State Park">Cave-in-Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_O%27Lakes_State_Park_(Illinois)" title="Chain O'Lakes State Park (Illinois)">Chain O'Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channahon_State_Park" title="Channahon State Park">Channahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delabar_State_Park" title="Delabar State Park">Delabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixon_Springs_State_Park" title="Dixon Springs State Park">Dixon Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnelley/Depue_State_Park" title="Donnelley/Depue State Park">Donnelley/Depue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferne_Clyffe_State_Park" title="Ferne Clyffe State Park">Ferne Clyffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Massac" title="Fort Massac">Fort Massac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Ridge_State_Park" title="Fox Ridge State Park">Fox Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Woods_State_Park" title="Gebhard Woods State Park">Gebhard Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_City_State_Park" title="Giant City State Park">Giant City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennepin_Canal_Parkway_State_Park" title="Hennepin Canal Parkway State Park">Hennepin Canal Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Lake_State_Park" title="Horseshoe Lake State Park">Horseshoe Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illini_State_Park" title="Illini State Park">Illini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Beach_State_Park" title="Illinois Beach State Park">Illinois Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_%22Pate%22_Philip_State_Park" title="James "Pate" Philip State Park">James "Pate" Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee_College_State_Park" title="Jubilee College State Park">Jubilee College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankakee_River_State_Park" title="Kankakee River State Park">Kankakee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Murphysboro_State_Park" title="Lake Murphysboro State Park">Lake Murphysboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Trail_State_Park" title="Lincoln Trail State Park">Lincoln Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowden_State_Park" title="Lowden State Park">Lowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthiessen_State_Park" title="Matthiessen State Park">Matthiessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Palisades_State_Park" title="Mississippi Palisades State Park">Mississippi Palisades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraine_Hills_State_Park" title="Moraine Hills State Park">Moraine Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison-Rockwood_State_Park" title="Morrison-Rockwood State Park">Morrison-Rockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauvoo_State_Park" title="Nauvoo State Park">Nauvoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_Marquette_State_Park" title="Pere Marquette State Park">Pere Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hills_State_Park" title="Red Hills State Park">Red Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Cut_State_Park" title="Rock Cut State Park">Rock Cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_Trail_State_Park_(Illinois)" title="Rock Island Trail State Park (Illinois)">Rock Island Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbona_Lake_State_Park" title="Shabbona Lake State Park">Shabbona Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siloam_Springs_State_Park" title="Siloam Springs State Park">Siloam Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Shore_State_Park" title="South Shore State Park">South Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Starved Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Point_State_Park" title="Walnut Point State Park">Walnut Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinberg-King_State_Park" title="Weinberg-King State Park">Weinberg-King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Pines_Forest_State_Park" title="White Pines Forest State Park">White Pines Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_Prairie_Park" title="Wildlife Prairie Park">Wildlife Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_G._Stratton_State_Park" title="William G. Stratton State Park">William G. Stratton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Creek_State_Park" title="Wolf Creek State Park">Wolf Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">State Historic Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Historic_Preservation_Division#List_of_Illinois_State_Historic_Sites" title="Illinois Historic Preservation Division">List of Illinois State Historic Sites</a> (including, <a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a> World Heritage Site)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Illinois_state_forests" title="List of Illinois state forests">State Forests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_River_State_Forest" title="Big River State Forest">Big River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Springs_State_Forest" title="Hidden Springs State Forest">Hidden Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowden-Miller_State_Forest" title="Lowden-Miller State Forest">Lowden-Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_Ridge_State_Forest" title="Sand Ridge State Forest">Sand Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears_State_Forest" title="Trail of Tears State Forest">Trail of Tears</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">State<br /> Recreation Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Lake_State_Recreation_Area" title="Clinton Lake State Recreation Area">Clinton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Creek_State_Park_(Illinois)" title="Eagle Creek State Park (Illinois)">Eagle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldon_Hazlet_State_Recreation_Area" title="Eldon Hazlet State Recreation Area">Eldon Hazlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Holten_State_Recreation_Area" title="Frank Holten State Recreation Area">Frank Holten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golconda_Marina_State_Recreation_Area" title="Golconda Marina State Recreation Area">Golconda Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson-Sauk_Trail_State_Recreation_Area" title="Johnson-Sauk Trail State Recreation Area">Johnson-Sauk Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_State_Recreation_Area" title="Kickapoo State Recreation Area">Kickapoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Le-Aqua-Na_State_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Le-Aqua-Na State Recreation Area">Lake Le-Aqua-Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moraine_View_State_Recreation_Area" title="Moraine View State Recreation Area">Moraine View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Point_Marina" title="North Point Marina">North Point Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetstown_State_Recreation_Area" title="Prophetstown State Recreation Area">Prophetstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_State_Recreation_Area" title="Pyramid State Recreation Area">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Lake_State_Recreation_Area" title="Ramsey Lake State Recreation Area">Ramsey Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph_County_State_Recreation_Area" title="Randolph County State Recreation Area">Randolph County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangchris_Lake_State_Recreation_Area" title="Sangchris Lake State Recreation Area">Sangchris Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Forbes_State_Recreation_Area" title="Stephen A. Forbes State Recreation Area">Stephen A. Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County_State_Recreation_Area" title="Washington County State Recreation Area">Washington County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Fitzgerrell_State_Recreation_Area" title="Wayne Fitzgerrell State Recreation Area">Wayne Fitzgerrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weldon_Springs_State_Park" title="Weldon Springs State Park">Weldon Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Powers_State_Recreation_Area" title="William W. Powers State Recreation Area">William W. Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">State Fish and<br /> Wildlife Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Anderson Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Anderson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Baldwin Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Baldwin Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banner_Marsh_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Banner Marsh State Fish and Wildlife Area">Banner Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlyle_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Carlyle Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Carlyle Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeen_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Coffeen Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Coffeen Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Crawford County State Fish and Wildlife Area">Crawford County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Plaines_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Des Plaines Fish and Wildlife Area">Des Plaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_T_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Double T State Fish and Wildlife Area">Double T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Madigan_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Edward R. Madigan State Fish and Wildlife Area">Edward R. Madigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_River_State_Wildlife_Area" title="Green River State Wildlife Area">Green River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_County_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Hamilton County State Fish and Wildlife Area">Hamilton County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidecke_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Heidecke Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Heidecke Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Horseshoe Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Horseshoe Lake (Alexander County)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_County_State_Wildlife_Area" title="Iroquois County State Wildlife Area">Iroquois County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaskaskia_River_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Kaskaskia River State Fish and Wildlife Area">Kaskaskia River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinkaid_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Kinkaid Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Kinkaid Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishwaukee_River_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Kishwaukee River State Fish and Wildlife Area">Kishwaukee River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="LaSalle Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">LaSalle Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_River_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Mackinaw River State Fish and Wildlife Area">Mackinaw River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Marshall State Fish and Wildlife Area">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mautino_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Mautino State Fish and Wildlife Area">Mautino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazonia/Braidwood_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Mazonia/Braidwood State Fish and Wildlife Area">Mazonia/Braidwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermet_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Mermet Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Mermet Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Fork_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Middle Fork State Fish and Wildlife Area">Middle Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Mississippi River State Fish and Wildlife Area">Mississippi River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Newton Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Newton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Edgar_Panther_Creek_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Jim Edgar Panther Creek State Fish and Wildlife Area">Jim Edgar Panther Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody_River_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Peabody River State Fish and Wildlife Area">Peabody River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekin_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Pekin Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Pekin Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerton_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Powerton Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Powerton Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Norbut_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Ray Norbut State Fish and Wildlife Area">Ray Norbut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rend_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Rend Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Rend Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Rice Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Rice Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara_Woods_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Sahara Woods State Fish and Wildlife Area">Sahara Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saline_County_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Saline County State Fish and Wildlife Area">Saline County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Dale_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Sam Dale Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Sam Dale Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Parr_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Sam Parr State Fish and Wildlife Area">Sam Parr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanganois_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Sanganois State Fish and Wildlife Area">Sanganois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelbyville_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Shelbyville State Fish and Wildlife Area"> Shelbyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Springs_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Silver Springs State Fish and Wildlife Area">Silver Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakeden_Hollow_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Snakeden Hollow State Fish and Wildlife Area">Snakeden Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Lake_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Spring Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area">Spring Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Mile_Creek_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Ten Mile Creek State Fish and Wildlife Area">Ten Mile Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Bluffs_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Turkey Bluffs State Fish and Wildlife Area">Turkey Bluffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_County_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Union County State Fish and Wildlife Area">Union County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodford_State_Fish_and_Wildlife_Area" title="Woodford State Fish and Wildlife Area">Woodford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">State Natural Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cache_River_State_Natural_Area" title="Cache River State Natural Area">Cache River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Creek_State_Natural_Area" title="Franklin Creek State Natural Area">Franklin Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fults_Hill_Prairie_State_Natural_Area" title="Fults Hill Prairie State Natural Area">Fults Hill Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Lake_Prairie_State_Natural_Area" title="Goose Lake Prairie State Natural Area">Goose Lake Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_%22Babe%22_Woodyard_State_Natural_Area" title="Harry "Babe" Woodyard State Natural Area">Harry "Babe" Woodyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Caverns_State_Natural_Area" title="Illinois Caverns State Natural Area">Illinois Caverns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidd_Lake_State_Natural_Area" title="Kidd Lake State Natural Area">Kidd Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piney_Creek_Ravine_State_Natural_Area" title="Piney Creek Ravine State Natural Area">Piney Creek Ravine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Ridge_State_Natural_Area" title="Prairie Ridge State Natural Area">Prairie Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revis_Hill_Prairie" title="Revis Hill Prairie">Revis Hill Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_Prairie-Scrub_Oak_State_Nature_Preserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak State Nature Preserve">Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sielbeck_Forest_Natural_Area" title="Sielbeck Forest Natural Area">Sielbeck Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitler_Woods_State_Natural_Area" title="Spitler Woods State Natural Area">Spitler Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volo_Bog_State_Natural_Area" title="Volo Bog State Natural Area">Volo Bog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Illinois" title="List of protected areas of Illinois">State Trails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_Trail" title="Mormon Trail">Mormon Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_Hill_State_Trail" title="Tunnel Hill State Trail">Tunnel Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Illinois" title="List of 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