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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">скриј</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Прегледник </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Посети главна страница [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Главна страница</span></a></li><li id="n-Што-е-Википедија?" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4"><span>Што е Википедија?</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a 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Прочитајте ги правилата и вклучете се!\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Мрежно место"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Содржина" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Содржина</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриј</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Почеток</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Знаци_и_симптоми" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Знаци_и_симптоми"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Знаци и симптоми</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Знаци_и_симптоми-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Причини" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Причини"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Причини</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Причини-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Превенција" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Превенција"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Превенција</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Превенција-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Третман" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Третман"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Третман</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Третман-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Епидемиологија" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Епидемиологија"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Епидемиологија</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Епидемиологија-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Историја" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Историја"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Историја</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Историја-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Префрли на пододделот Историја</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Историја-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Среден_век" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Среден_век"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Среден век</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Среден_век-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19_век" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19_век"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>19 век</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19_век-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20_век" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20_век"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>20 век</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20_век-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21_век" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21_век"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>21 век</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21_век-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тифусот_како_мотив_во_уметноста_и_во_популарната_култура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тифусот_како_мотив_во_уметноста_и_во_популарната_култура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Тифусот како мотив во уметноста и во популарната култура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тифусот_како_мотив_во_уметноста_и_во_популарната_култура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Наводи" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наводи"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Наводи</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наводи-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Надворешни_врски" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Надворешни_врски"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Надворешни врски</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Надворешни_врски-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Содржина" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Прик./скр. содржина" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Прик./скр. содржина</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Тифус</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Појдете на статија на друг јазик. Достапно на 78 јазици" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-78" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">78 јазици</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%89_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حمى نمشية — арапски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حمى نمشية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — арагонски" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="арагонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AE%D5%A1%D6%82%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4" title="Բծաւոր Տենդ — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բծաւոր Տենդ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — азербејџански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербејџански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیفوس — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تیفوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="টাইফাস জ্বর — бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টাইফাস জ্বর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek-hu-su" title="Chek-hu-su — јужномински" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chek-hu-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="јужномински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Сабыртмалы тиф — башкирски" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сабыртмалы тиф" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Тиф — бугарски" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тиф" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="бугарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — босански" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifuz" title="Tifuz — бретонски" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tifuz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plettyfus" title="Plettyfus — дански" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Plettyfus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleckfieber" title="Fleckfieber — германски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fleckfieber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="германски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BC%C3%BCfus" title="Tüüfus — естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tüüfus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8D%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τύφος — грчки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τύφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грчки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus — англиски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Typhus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — шпански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="шпански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifo" title="Tifo — есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tifo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — баскиски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="تیفوس — персиски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تیفوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus — француски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Typhus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="француски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaktyfus" title="Plaktyfus — западнофризиски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Plaktyfus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADfeas" title="Tífeas — ирски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tífeas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiabhras-ballach" title="Fiabhras-ballach — шкотски гелски" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiabhras-ballach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="шкотски гелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifo" title="Tifo — галициски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tifo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галициски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%A7%84%ED%8B%B0%ED%91%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="발진티푸스 — корејски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발진티푸스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus — хауса" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Typhus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="хауса" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%BF%D5%AB%D6%86" title="Բծավոր տիֆ — ерменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բծավոր տիֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ерменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifo" title="Tifo — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tifo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit_Rickettsia" title="Penyakit Rickettsia — индонезиски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penyakit Rickettsia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flekkus%C3%B3tt" title="Flekkusótt — исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Flekkusótt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifo_(zoonosi)" title="Tifo (zoonosi) — италијански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tifo (zoonosi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италијански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="טיפוס הבהרות — хебрејски" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיפוס הבהרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="хебрејски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ტიფი — грузиски" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტიფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D1%81%D2%AF%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Бөрітпе сүзек — казашки" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бөрітпе сүзек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus_(morbus)" title="Typhus (morbus) — латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Typhus (morbus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%ABfs" title="Tīfs — латвиски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tīfs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвиски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus — луксембуршки" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Typhus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="луксембуршки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iltin%C4%97" title="Šiltinė — литвански" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiltinė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литвански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ADfusz" title="Tífusz — унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tífusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ടൈഫസ് — малајалски" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടൈഫസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малајалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90" title="ტიფა — мегрелски" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტიფა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3" title="التيفوس — египетски арапски" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="التيفوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="египетски арапски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — малајски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlektyfus" title="Vlektyfus — холандски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlektyfus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="холандски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9" title="チフス — јапонски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チフス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="јапонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flekktyfus" title="Flekktyfus — норвешки букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flekktyfus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвешки букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%B8" title="ଟାଇଫସ — одија" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଟାଇଫସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="одија" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qorin_tifi" title="Qorin tifi — узбечки" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qorin tifi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8D_%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%87_(%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%87)" title="وچکۍ تبه (محرقه) — паштунски" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وچکۍ تبه (محرقه)" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="паштунски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifo" title="Tifo — португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tifo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifos" title="Tifos — романски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tifos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="романски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Сыпной тиф — руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сыпной тиф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Typhus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0kvrnit%C3%BD_t%C3%BDfus" title="Škvrnitý týfus — словачки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Škvrnitý týfus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словачки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — словенечки" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенечки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" title="Тифус — српски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тифус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="српски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilkkukuume" title="Pilkkukuume — фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pilkkukuume" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyfus" title="Tyfus — шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tyfus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="டைஃபஸ் — тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டைஃபஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — кабилски" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Чабыртмалы тиф — татарски" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чабыртмалы тиф" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="ไข้รากสาดใหญ่ — тајландски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไข้รากสาดใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тајландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tif%C3%BCs" title="Tifüs — турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tifüs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84" title="Тиф — украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тиф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B3" title="ٹائیفس — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹائیفس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%91t_ph%C3%A1t_ban_(typhus)" title="Sốt phát ban (typhus) — виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sốt phát ban (typhus)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AEfusse" title="Tîfusse — валонски" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tîfusse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="валонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifus" title="Tifus — варајски" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tifus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варајски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%91%E7%96%B9%E4%BC%A4%E5%AF%92" title="斑疹伤寒 — ву" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斑疹伤寒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%91%E7%96%B9%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92" title="斑疹傷寒 — кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="斑疹傷寒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ilt%C4%97n%C4%97" title="Šiltėnė — самогитски" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šiltėnė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="самогитски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%91%E7%96%B9%E5%82%B7%E5%AF%92" title="斑疹傷寒 — кинески" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斑疹傷寒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кинески" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Изглед</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">премести во страничникот</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриј</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Од Википедија — слободната енциклопедија</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="mk" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background:#ccc">Тифус</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Синоними</th><td>Тифусна треска</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Epidemic_typhus_Burundi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Epidemic_typhus_Burundi.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="390" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="390" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Осип причинет од епидемија тифус</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Специјалност (медицина)">Специјалност</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Заразна болест (страницата не постои)">Заразна болест</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Симптоми</th><td>Треска, главоболка, осип<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017In-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Вообичаена појава</th><td>1-2 недели после изложеноста<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017He_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017He-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Причинители</th><td>Бактериска инфекција проширена од <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Паразити">паразити</a><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017In-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160649" class="extiw" title="d:Q160649">уреди на Википодатоци</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Тајфус</b>, познат и како <b>тифусна треска</b>, е група на заразни заболувања кои вклучуваат епидемичен тифус, мелез тифус и мурински тифус . Најчести симптоми се треска, главоболка и осип.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017In-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Обично, симптомите се појавуваат една до две недели по изложеноста.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017He_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017He-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Болестите се предизвикани од специфичен вид бактериска инфекција .<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017In-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Епидемичниот тифус се должи на <i>Rickettsia prowazekii</i> распространет од вошки на телото, мелез тифусот се должи на <i>Orientia tsutsugamushi</i> распространета од чигерите, а муринскиот тифус се должи на <i>Rickettsia typhi</i> раширен од болви . </p><p>Во моментов нема <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вакцина">вакцина</a> која е комерцијално достапна. Превенцијата е со намалување на изложеноста со организмите кои ја шират болеста.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017Epi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017Scu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017Scu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017Mu_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017Mu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Третманот е со антибиотик <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Доксициклин">доксициклин</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017He_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017He-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Епидемичниот тифус генерално се појавува при избув на епидемија кога се присутни лоши санитарни услови.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Мелез тифусот се јавува во Југоисточна Азија, Јапонија и Северна Австралија. Муринскиот тифус се јавува во <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Тропски појас">тропските</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Суптропски појас">суптропските</a> области во светот. </p><p>Тифусот најрано е опишан уште од 1528 година. Името потекнува од <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Старогрчки јазик">грчкиот</a> <i>тафос</i> (τύπος) што значи магливост, опишувајќи ја состојбата на заразените.<sup id="cite_ref-Ben2014_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ben2014-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Знаци_и_симптоми"><span id=".D0.97.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.BF.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B8"></span>Знаци и симптоми</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Уреди го одделот „Знаци и симптоми“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=1" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Знаци и симптоми"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Овие знаци и симптоми се однесуваат на епидемичниот тифус, бидејќи е најважен од групата болести на тифус.<sup id="cite_ref-McGraw_Hill_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGraw_Hill-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Знаците и симптомите започнуваат со ненадеен почеток на треска и други симптоми слични на грип околу една до две недели откако е заразен организмот.<sup id="cite_ref-MullenDurden2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MullenDurden2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Пет до девет дена по започнувањето на симптомите, обично започнува да се појавува осип по телото и се шири до екстремитетите. Овој осип на крајот се шири низ поголемиот дел од телото, поштедувајќи го лицето, дланките и стапалата. Знаците на менингоенцефалитис започнуваат со осипот и продолжуваат во втората или третата недела. Другите знаци на менингоенцефалитис вклучуваат чувствителност на светлина ( <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Фотофобија">фотофобија</a> ), променет ментален статус ( <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Делириум">делириум</a> ) или кома. Нетретираните случаи често се фатални. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Причини"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Причини</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Уреди го одделот „Причини“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=2" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Причини"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Повеќе болести го вклучуваат зборот "тифус" во нивните описи.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Видови вклучуваат: </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Состојба </th> <th scope="col">Бактерија </th> <th scope="col">Резервоар / вектор </th> <th scope="col">Белешки </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Епидемичен тифус од вошки </th> <td><i>Rickettsia prowazekii</i> </td> <td>Голема вошка </td> <td>Кога се користи терминот „тифус“ без појаснување, ова е обично опишаната состојба. Историските наводи на „тифус“ сега генерално се сметаат за вакви услови. </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Мурински тифус или „ендемски тифус“ </th> <td><i>Rickettsia typhi</i> </td> <td>Болви на стаорци </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Мелез тифус </th> <td><i>Оrientia tsutsugamushi</i> </td> <td>Крлежи на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек">луѓе</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Глодачи">глодачи</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Треска </th> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Рикеции">Рикеции</a> забележана група на треска </td> <td>Крлежи </td> <td>Вклучува треска со бутониза, тифус на крлежи и други варијанти. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Превенција"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Превенција</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Уреди го одделот „Превенција“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=3" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Превенција"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Заклучно со 2019 година, ниту една вакцина не е достапна во комерцијална основа.<sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017Epi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017Epi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017Scu_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017Scu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CDC2017Mu_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDC2017Mu-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во развој е вакцина за мелез тифус позната како вакцина за мелез тифус .<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Третман"><span id=".D0.A2.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BD"></span>Третман</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Уреди го одделот „Третман“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=4" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Третман"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Американското здружение за јавно здравје препорачува третман врз основа на клинички наоди и пред да се потврди дијагнозата.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Без третман, смрт може да се појави кај 10% до 60% од луѓето со епидемичен тифус, при што луѓето со над 60 години имаат најголем ризик од смрт.   Во ерата на антибиотиците, смртта е невообичаена ако е даден <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Доксициклин">доксициклин</a>. Во една студија на 60 лица хоспитализирани со епидемичен тифус, никој не починал кога му било дадено доксициклин или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Хлорамфеникол">хлорамфеникол</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Некои луѓе исто така може да имаат потреба од кислород и интравенски течности. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Епидемиологија"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BF.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B8.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Епидемиологија</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Уреди го одделот „Епидемиологија“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=5" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Епидемиологија"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Според <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Светска здравствена организација">Светската здравствена организација</a>, сегашната стапка на смртност од тифус е околу еден на 5.000.000 луѓе годишно. </p><p>Денес постојат само неколку области на епидемичен тифус. Од крајот на 20. век, случаи се забележани во Бурунди, Руанда, Етиопија, Алжир и неколку области во Јужна и Средна Америка.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Освен два случаи, сите случаи на епидемичен тифус во САД се случиле источно од реката <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Мисисипи (река)">Мисисипи</a> . Едно испитување на група случаи во Пенсилванија заклучило дека изворот на инфекцијата се летечките верверички .<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Центрите за контрола и спречување на болести имаат документирано само 47 случаи од 1976 до 2010 година.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Појава на болвата - носител на муринскиот тифус била идентификувана во центарот на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Лос Анџелес">Лос Анџелес, Калифорнија,</a> во октомври 2018 година <sup id="cite_ref-CBSLA_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBSLA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Историја"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.98.D0.B0"></span>Историја</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Уреди го одделот „Историја“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=6" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Историја"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Среден_век"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>Среден век</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Уреди го одделот „Среден век“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=7" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Среден век"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Првиот сигурен опис на болеста се појавува во 1489 година од н.е. за време на шпанската опсада на База против Маврите за време на војната во Гранада (1482–1492). Овие извештаи вклучуваат описи на треска; црвени дамки над рацете, грбот и градите; дефицит на внимание, паѓање во делириум; <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гангрена">гангренозни</a> рани и придружниот мирис на гнило месо. За време на опсадата, Шпанците изгубиле 3.000 мажи на бојното поле, но дополнителни 17.000 умреле од тифус.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19_век"><span id="19_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>19 век</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Уреди го одделот „19 век“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=8" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: 19 век"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За време на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(1812)" class="mw-redirect" title="Француска инвазија на Русија (1812)">повлекувањето на</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Наполеон Бонапарт">Наполеон</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(1812)" class="mw-redirect" title="Француска инвазија на Русија (1812)">од</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Москва">Москва</a> во 1812 година, повеќе <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Франција">француски</a> војници починале од тифус отколку што биле убиени од <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Русија">Русите</a> . </p><p>Голема епидемија се случила во <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Ирска (остров)">Ирска</a> помеѓу 1816 и 1819 година, за време на гладот предизвикан од светското намалување на температурата позната како Годината без лето . Загинале околу 100 000 луѓе. Тифусот повторно се појавил кон крајот на 1830-тите, а уште една голема епидемија на тифус се случила за време на Големиот глад во Ирска помеѓу 1846 и 1849 година. Ирскиот тифус се раширил во Англија, каде понекогаш била нарекувана „ирска треска“. Умирале луѓе од сите социјални класи, бидејќи вошките биле ендемски и неизбежни, но особено биле погодени пониските социјални страти. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20_век"><span id="20_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>20 век</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Уреди го одделот „20 век“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=9" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: 20 век"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Во 1922 година, епидемијата на тифус го достигнала својот врв на советската територија, со околу 25 до 30 милиони случаи во Русија. Иако тифусот ја опустошил <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Полска">Полска</a> со околу 4   пријавени милиони случаи, напорите да се спречи ширењето на болеста во таа земја во голема мерка успеале во 1921 година преку обидите на пионерите за јавно здравје како што се Хелејн Спароу и Рудолф Вајгл .<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во Русија за време на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Руска граѓанска војна">граѓанската војна</a> меѓу Белата и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Црвена армија">Црвените армија</a>, од тифус умреле околу 3 милиони луѓе,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> главно цивили. <sup class="Template-Fact"><span title="Ова тврдење треба да се поткрепи со доверлив извор. since November 2019" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%B5_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Википедија:Се бара извор">се бара извор</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><p>За време на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Втора светска војна">Втората светска војна</a>, многу германски воени сили по <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сталинградска битка">загубата кај Сталинград</a> починале од тифус. Сликите на масовни гробови, вклучувајќи луѓе кои починале од тифус, може да се видат на снимките снимени во концентрациониот логор Берген-Белсен .<sup id="cite_ref-IMT_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMT-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Меѓу илјадници затвореници во концентрационите логори, како Терезиенштат и Берген-Белсен, кои починале од тифус биле и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Ана Франк">Ана Франк</a>, на 15-годишна возраст и нејзината сестра Маргот, на возраст од 19 години. Големите епидемии во повоениот хаос во Европа биле спречени само од широко распространетата употреба на новооткриениот <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%94%D0%A2" title="ДДТ">ДДТ</a> за убивање на вошки на милиони бегалци и раселени лица .   </p> <p><br /></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Чарлс Никол ја добил Нобеловата награда за медицина од 1928 година за неговата идентификација на вошки како причинител на епидемиски тифус."><img alt="Чарлс Никол ја добил Нобеловата награда за медицина од 1928 година за неговата идентификација на вошки како причинител на епидемиски тифус." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg/120px-Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg/180px-Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg/240px-Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1997" data-file-height="1370" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Nicolle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Nicolle (страницата не постои)">Чарлс Никол</a> ја добил <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Нобеловата награда">Нобеловата награда</a> за медицина од 1928 година за неговата идентификација на вошки како причинител на епидемиски тифус.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:DDT_WWII_soldier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Американски војник демонстрира опрема за распрскување рачно на ДДТ. ДДТ се користел за контрола на ширењето на вошки кои носат тифус."><img alt="Американски војник демонстрира опрема за распрскување рачно на ДДТ. ДДТ се користел за контрола на ширењето на вошки кои носат тифус." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DDT_WWII_soldier.jpg/97px-DDT_WWII_soldier.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DDT_WWII_soldier.jpg/146px-DDT_WWII_soldier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/DDT_WWII_soldier.jpg/194px-DDT_WWII_soldier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Американски војник демонстрира опрема за распрскување рачно на ДДТ. ДДТ се користел за контрола на ширењето на вошки кои носат тифус.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0:CPS141ratpoison.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Работник за граѓански јавни услуги распоредува отров за стаорци поради контрола на тифус во Галфпорт, Мисисипи, околу 1945 година."><img alt="Работник за граѓански јавни услуги распоредува отров за стаорци поради контрола на тифус во Галфпорт, Мисисипи, околу 1945 година." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/CPS141ratpoison.jpg/94px-CPS141ratpoison.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/CPS141ratpoison.jpg/141px-CPS141ratpoison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/CPS141ratpoison.jpg/187px-CPS141ratpoison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Работник за граѓански јавни услуги распоредува отров за стаорци поради контрола на тифус во Галфпорт, Мисисипи, околу 1945 година.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21_век"><span id="21_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>21 век</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Уреди го одделот „21 век“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=10" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: 21 век"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Почнувајќи од 2018 година, избувнувањето на тифус се шири низ округот на Лос Анџелес, а најпогодени се бездомниците.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Во 2019 година, градскиот адвокат Елизабет Гринвуд открила дека и таа е заразена со тифус како резултат на каснување од болви во нејзината канцеларија во градското собрание во Лос Анџелес, што резултирало со нејзино лекување.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тифусот_како_мотив_во_уметноста_и_во_популарната_култура"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B8.D1.84.D1.83.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.82_.D0.BA.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B2_.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D1.83.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0_.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BF.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0_.D0.BA.D1.83.D0.BB.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Тифусот како мотив во уметноста и во популарната култура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Уреди го одделот „Тифусот како мотив во уметноста и во популарната култура“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=11" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Тифусот како мотив во уметноста и во популарната култура"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>„Тифусари“ — песна на македонскиот поет <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Славко Јаневски">Славко Јаневски</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Наводи"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B8"></span>Наводи</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Уреди го одделот „Наводи“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=12" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Наводи"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CDC2017In-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017In_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326231028/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/index.html">„Typhus Fevers“</a>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i> (англиски). 7 March 2017. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/index.html">изворникот</a> на 26 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=Typhus+Fevers&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftyphus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5289462">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2017He-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017He_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017He_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017He_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327075824/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/healthcare-providers/index.html">„Information for Health Care Providers“</a>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i> (англиски). 7 March 2017. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/healthcare-providers/index.html">изворникот</a> на 27 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=Information+for+Health+Care+Providers&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftyphus%2Fhealthcare-providers%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2017Epi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017Epi_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017Epi_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230950/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/epidemic/index.html">„Epidemic Typhus“</a>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i> (англиски). 7 March 2017. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/epidemic/index.html">изворникот</a> на 26 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=Epidemic+Typhus&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftyphus%2Fepidemic%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2017Scu-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017Scu_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017Scu_4-1">4,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230903/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/scrub/index.html">„Scrub Typhus“</a>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i> (англиски). 7 March 2017. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/scrub/index.html">изворникот</a> на 26 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=Scrub+Typhus&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftyphus%2Fscrub%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CDC2017Mu-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017Mu_5-0">5,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CDC2017Mu_5-1">5,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230521/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/murine/index.html">„Murine Typhus“</a>. <i>www.cdc.gov</i> (англиски). Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/murine/index.html">изворникот</a> на 26 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cdc.gov&rft.atitle=Murine+Typhus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftyphus%2Fmurine%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080029/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs162/en/">„WHO | Typhus“</a>. <i>www.who.int</i>. May 1997. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs162/en/">изворникот</a> на 27 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=WHO+%7C+Typhus&rft.date=1997-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmediacentre%2Ffactsheets%2Ffs162%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ben2014-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ben2014_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBennettDolinBlaser2014" class="citation book">Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910163706/https://books.google.com/books?id=73pYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2217"><i>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E-Book</i></a> (англиски). Elsevier Health Sciences. стр. 2217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/9780323263733" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/9780323263733"><bdi>9780323263733</bdi></a>. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=73pYBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2217">изворникот</a> на 2017-09-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mandell%2C+Douglas%2C+and+Bennett%27s+Principles+and+Practice+of+Infectious+Diseases+E-Book&rft.pages=2217&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780323263733&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft.au=Dolin%2C+Raphael&rft.au=Blaser%2C+Martin+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D73pYBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGraw_Hill-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-McGraw_Hill_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLevinson2010" class="citation book">Levinson, Warren (2010). <i>Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology</i> (11. изд.). McGraw Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/9780071700283" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/9780071700283"><bdi>9780071700283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Review+of+Medical+Microbiology+and+Immunology&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780071700283&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MullenDurden2002-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MullenDurden2002_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGary_R._MullenLance_A._Durden2002" class="citation book">Gary R. Mullen; Lance A. Durden (27 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910163706/https://books.google.com/books?id=6R1v9o-uaI4C&pg=PA58"><i>Medical and Veterinary Entomology</i></a>. Academic Press. стр. 58–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/978-0-08-053607-1" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/978-0-08-053607-1"><bdi>978-0-08-053607-1</bdi></a>. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6R1v9o-uaI4C&pg=PA58">изворникот</a> на 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+and+Veterinary+Entomology&rft.pages=58-&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2002-09-27&rft.isbn=978-0-08-053607-1&rft.au=Gary+R.+Mullen&rft.au=Lance+A.+Durden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6R1v9o-uaI4C%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEremeevaGregory_A_Dasch" class="citation web">Eremeeva, Marina E; Gregory A Dasch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517135719/http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/rickettsial-spotted-and-typhus-fevers-and-related-infections-anaplasmosis-and-ehrlichiosis">„Rickettsial (Spotted & Typhus Fevers) & Related Infections (Anaplasmosis & Ehrlichiosis)“</a>. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/rickettsial-spotted-and-typhus-fevers-and-related-infections-anaplasmosis-and-ehrlichiosis">изворникот</a> на 17 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rickettsial+%28Spotted+%26+Typhus+Fevers%29+%26+Related+Infections+%28Anaplasmosis+%26+Ehrlichiosis%29&rft.pub=CDC+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=Eremeeva&rft.aufirst=Marina+E&rft.au=Gregory+A+Dasch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwwnc.cdc.gov%2Ftravel%2Fyellowbook%2F2014%2Fchapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel%2Frickettsial-spotted-and-typhus-fevers-and-related-infections-anaplasmosis-and-ehrlichiosis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChattopadhyayRichards2007" class="citation journal">Chattopadhyay, S; Richards, AL (2007). „Scrub typhus vaccines: past history and recent developments“. <i>Human Vaccines</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 73–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4161%2Fhv.3.3.4009">10.4161/hv.3.3.4009</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17375000">17375000</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Vaccines&rft.atitle=Scrub+typhus+vaccines%3A+past+history+and+recent+developments.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=73-80&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4161%2Fhv.3.3.4009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17375000&rft.aulast=Chattopadhyay&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Richards%2C+AL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHeymann2015" class="citation book">Heymann, David (2015). <i>Control of communicable diseases manual : an official report of the American Public Health Association</i>. Washington, DC: APHA Press, an imprint of the American Public Health Association. стр. 661–668. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0:%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80/9780875530185" title="Специјална:ПечатенИзвор/9780875530185"><bdi>9780875530185</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Control+of+communicable+diseases+manual+%3A+an+official+report+of+the+American+Public+Health+Association&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=661-668&rft.pub=APHA+Press%2C+an+imprint+of+the+American+Public+Health+Association&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780875530185&rft.aulast=Heymann&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMATOSSIAN_RM,_THADDEUS_J,_GARABEDIAN_GA1963" class="citation journal">MATOSSIAN RM, THADDEUS J, GARABEDIAN GA (1963). „Outbreak of epidemic typhus in the northern region of Saudi Arabia“. <i>Am J Trop Med Hyg</i>. <b>12</b>: 82–90. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4269%2Fajtmh.1963.12.82">10.4269/ajtmh.1963.12.82</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13933690">13933690</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+J+Trop+Med+Hyg&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+epidemic+typhus+in+the+northern+region+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=82-90&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4269%2Fajtmh.1963.12.82&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F13933690&rft.au=MATOSSIAN+RM%2C+THADDEUS+J%2C+GARABEDIAN+GA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1-одржување: повеќе имиња: список на автори (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:CS1-%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5:_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%9C%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0:_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Категорија:CS1-одржување: повеќе имиња: список на автори">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRaoult1997" class="citation journal">Raoult, D (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627627">„Jail fever (epidemic typhus) outbreak in Burundi“</a>. <i>Emerg Infect Dis</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 357–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3201%2Feid0303.970313">10.3201/eid0303.970313</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627627">2627627</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9284381">9284381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerg+Infect+Dis&rft.atitle=Jail+fever+%28epidemic+typhus%29+outbreak+in+Burundi.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=357-60&rft.date=1997&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2627627&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9284381&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3201%2Feid0303.970313&rft.aulast=Raoult&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2627627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMokrani2004" class="citation journal">Mokrani (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC497610">„Reemerging threat of epidemic typhus in Algeria“</a>. <i>J Clin Microbiol</i>. <b>42</b> (8): 3898–900. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2Fjcm.42.8.3898-3900.2004">10.1128/jcm.42.8.3898-3900.2004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC497610">497610</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15297561">15297561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Clin+Microbiol&rft.atitle=Reemerging+threat+of+epidemic+typhus+in+Algeria.&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=3898-900&rft.date=2004&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC497610&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15297561&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1128%2Fjcm.42.8.3898-3900.2004&rft.au=Mokrani&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC497610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">„Epidemic typhus risk in Rwandan refugee camps“. <i>Wkly Epidemiol Rec</i>. <b>69</b> (34): 259. 1994. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7947074">7947074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wkly+Epidemiol+Rec&rft.atitle=Epidemic+typhus+risk+in+Rwandan+refugee+camps.&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=259&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7947074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPerine1992" class="citation journal">Perine, PL (1992). „A clinico-epidemiological study of epidemic typhus in Africa“. <i>Clin Infect Dis</i>. <b>14</b> (5): 1149–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fclinids%2F14.5.1149">10.1093/clinids/14.5.1149</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1600020">1600020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clin+Infect+Dis&rft.atitle=A+clinico-epidemiological+study+of+epidemic+typhus+in+Africa.&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1149-58&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fclinids%2F14.5.1149&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1600020&rft.aulast=Perine&rft.aufirst=PL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChapman2009" class="citation journal">Chapman, A (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744229">„Cluster of sylvatic epidemic typhus cases associated with flying squirrels, 2004–2006“</a>. <i>Emerg Infect Dis</i>. <b>15</b> (7): 1005–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3201%2Feid1507.081305">10.3201/eid1507.081305</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2744229">2744229</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19624912">19624912</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerg+Infect+Dis&rft.atitle=Cluster+of+sylvatic+epidemic+typhus+cases+associated+with+flying+squirrels%2C+2004%E2%80%932006&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1005-11&rft.date=2009&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2744229&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19624912&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3201%2Feid1507.081305&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2744229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuiston2010" class="citation journal">McQuiston, JH (2010). „Brill-Zinsser disease in a patient following infection with sylvatic epidemic typhus associated with flying squirrels“. <i>Clin Infect Dis</i>. <b>51</b> (6): 712–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Слободен пристап"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F655891">10.1086/655891</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20687836">20687836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clin+Infect+Dis&rft.atitle=Brill-Zinsser+disease+in+a+patient+following+infection+with+sylvatic+epidemic+typhus+associated+with+flying+squirrels.&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=712-5&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F655891&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20687836&rft.aulast=McQuiston&rft.aufirst=JH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBSLA-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CBSLA_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">CBS Los Angeles: "Downtown LA Hit With Outbreak Of Flea-Borne Typhus," <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2018/10/04/downtown-la-skid-row-typhus-outbreak/">https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2018/10/04/downtown-la-skid-row-typhus-outbreak/</a>, October 4, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZinsser1960" class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Zinsser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Zinsser (страницата не постои)">Zinsser, Hans</a> (1960). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rats,_Lice_and_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rats, Lice and History (страницата не постои)"><i>Rats, Lice and History</i></a>. Bantam Classic. стр. 186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rats%2C+Lice+and+History&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Bantam+Classic&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Zinsser&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Weindling. <i>International Health Organisations and Movements, 1918–1939</i>. Cambridge University Press 1995, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew W. Artenstein. <i>Vaccines: A Biography</i>. Springer 2010, p. 250</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David G. Rempel. <i>A Mennonite Family in Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, 1789–1923</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Toronto_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Toronto Press (страницата не постои)">University of Toronto Press</a> 2011, p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMT-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IMT_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304233602/http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/NT_war-criminals_Vol-I.pdf">„Trials of War Criminals Before the Nurenberg Military Tribunal“</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Volume 1</i>. US. Government Printing Office. 1949. стр. 508–511. Архивирано од <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/Military_Law/pdf/NT_war-criminals_Vol-I.pdf">изворникот</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> на 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Volume+1&rft.atitle=Trials+of+War+Criminals+Before+the+Nurenberg+Military+Tribunal&rft.pages=508-511&rft.date=1949&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Frr%2Ffrd%2FMilitary_Law%2Fpdf%2FNT_war-criminals_Vol-I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGroverCorral" class="citation news">Grover, Joel; Corral, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbclosangeles.com/investigations/Typhus-Epidemic-Worsens-in-Los-Angeles-505166301.html">„Typhus Epidemic Worsens in Los Angeles“</a>. <i>NBC Southern California</i> (англиски)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+Southern+California&rft.atitle=Typhus+Epidemic+Worsens+in+Los+Angeles&rft.aulast=Grover&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.au=Corral%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbclosangeles.com%2Finvestigations%2FTyphus-Epidemic-Worsens-in-Los-Angeles-505166301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmith" class="citation news">Smith, Dakota. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rats-in-city-hall-20190207-story.html">„L.A. City Hall, overrun with rats, might remove all carpets amid typhus fears“</a>. <i>latimes.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=latimes.com&rft.atitle=L.A.+City+Hall%2C+overrun+with+rats%2C+might+remove+all+carpets+amid+typhus+fears&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Dakota&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Flocal%2Flanow%2Fla-me-ln-rats-in-city-hall-20190207-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFService" class="citation news">Service, City News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Los-Angeles-City-Hall-Carpets-Ripped-Out-Typhus-Outbreak-505508291.html">„Amid Typhus Outbreak, LA City Hall Carpets May Be Ripped Out“</a>. <i>NBC Southern California</i> (англиски)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Посетено на <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+Southern+California&rft.atitle=Amid+Typhus+Outbreak%2C+LA+City+Hall+Carpets+May+Be+Ripped+Out&rft.aulast=Service&rft.aufirst=City+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbclosangeles.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FLos-Angeles-City-Hall-Carpets-Ripped-Out-Typhus-Outbreak-505508291.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fmk.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5289462"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Славко Јаневски, <i>Глуви команди</i>. Мисла, Скопје, 1966, стр. 15-16.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Надворешни_врски"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D1.80.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Надворешни врски</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Уреди го одделот „Надворешни врски“" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>уреди</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%83%D1%81&action=edit&section=13" title="Уреди изворен код на одделот: Надворешни врски"><span>уреди извор</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width:100%; margin:0 0 0.5em 0;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Класификација</th><td style="text-align:left;"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Предлошка:Медицински извори">П</a> · <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0:Medical_resources" title="Разговор за предлошка:Medical resources">Р</a> · <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160649" class="extiw" title="d:Q160649">П</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Надворешни извори</th><td style="text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4990666">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_UK" class="extiw" title="en:Patient UK">Patient UK</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patient.info/doctor/typhus-pro">Тифус</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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