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href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-История" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>История</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-История-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел История</span> </button> <ul id="toc-История-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-След_Освобождението" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#След_Освобождението"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>След Освобождението</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-След_Освобождението-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Първа_половина_на_20_век" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Първа_половина_на_20_век"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Първа половина на 20 век</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Първа_половина_на_20_век-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Втора_половина_на_20_век" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Втора_половина_на_20_век"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Втора половина на 20 век</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Втора_половина_на_20_век-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-От_1990_г." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#От_1990_г."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>От 1990 г.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-От_1990_г.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Законова_уредба" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Законова_уредба"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Законова уредба</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Законова_уредба-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Научни_постижения" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Научни_постижения"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Научни постижения</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Научни_постижения-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Научни постижения</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Научни_постижения-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Космически_изследвания" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Космически_изследвания"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Космически изследвания</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Космически_изследвания-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Компютърни_науки_и_информатика" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Компютърни_науки_и_информатика"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Компютърни науки и информатика</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Компютърни_науки_и_информатика-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Физика" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Физика"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Физика</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Физика-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Българско_участие_в_ЦЕРН" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Българско_участие_в_ЦЕРН"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Българско участие в ЦЕРН</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Българско_участие_в_ЦЕРН-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Други_открития" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Други_открития"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Други открития</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Други_открития-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Българска_антарктическа_мисия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Българска_антарктическа_мисия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Българска антарктическа мисия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Българска_антарктическа_мисия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Бележки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Бележки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Бележки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Бележки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Наука и технологии в България</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 11 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%83%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="العلوم والتكنولوجيا في بلغاريا – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="العلوم والتكنولوجيا في بلغاريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7_%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Επιστήμη και τεχνολογία στη Βουλγαρία – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστήμη και τεχνολογία στη Βουλγαρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Bulgaria" title="Science and technology in Bulgaria – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Science and technology in Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znanost_i_tehnologija_u_Bugarskoj" title="Znanost i tehnologija u Bugarskoj – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Znanost i tehnologija u Bugarskoj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A8_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գիտությունը Բուլղարիայում – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիտությունը Բուլղարիայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98" title="მეცნიერება და ტექნოლოგიები ბულგარეთში – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეცნიერება და ტექნოლოგიები ბულგარეთში" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Науката и технологијата во Бугарија – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Науката и технологијата во Бугарија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Наука в Болгарии – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наука в Болгарии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkenca_dhe_teknologjia_n%C3%AB_Bullgari" title="Shkenca dhe teknologjia në Bullgari – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkenca dhe teknologjia në Bullgari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%98" title="Наука и технологија у Бугарској – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Наука и технологија у Бугарској" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97" title="Наука в Болгарії – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наука в Болгарії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3655857#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Какво сочи насам</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a 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печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Science_in_Bulgaria" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3655857" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Out_of_date_clock_icon_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Out_of_date_clock_icon_2.svg/40px-Out_of_date_clock_icon_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Out_of_date_clock_icon_2.svg/60px-Out_of_date_clock_icon_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Out_of_date_clock_icon_2.svg/80px-Out_of_date_clock_icon_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Тази статия или раздел <b>се нуждае от актуализиране на информацията.</b> Възможно е част от информацията да е невярна.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Можете да обновите съдържанието на статията, ако смятате, че имате необходимите данни и източници, като <a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit">добавите</a> необходимата информация.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>България има дългогодишни традиции в научни дисциплини като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Математика">математика</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика">физика</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Информационни технологии">информационни технологии</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономия">астрономия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медицина">медицина</a>, а български учени са направили значителни открития и постижения в тези области. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>История</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: История"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="След_Освобождението"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B4_.D0.9E.D1.81.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.B6.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B5.D1.82.D0.BE"></span>След Освобождението</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: След Освобождението" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: След Освобождението"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate plainlinks stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/23px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/46px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> <sup><i>Този раздел е празен или е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Мъниче">мъниче</a>. Можете да помогнете на Уикипедия, като го <a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit">разширите</a>.</i></sup></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Първа_половина_на_20_век"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BD.D0.B0_20_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>Първа половина на 20 век</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Първа половина на 20 век" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Първа половина на 20 век"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate plainlinks stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/23px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/35px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/46px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span> <sup><i>Този раздел е празен или е <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Уикипедия:Мъниче">мъниче</a>. Можете да помогнете на Уикипедия, като го <a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit">разширите</a>.</i></sup></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Втора_половина_на_20_век"><span id=".D0.92.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.BD.D0.B0_20_.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.BA"></span>Втора половина на 20 век</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Втора половина на 20 век" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Втора половина на 20 век"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>След 1945 г. организацията на науката започва да следва <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Съветизация">съветския модел</a>. Открояват се три нива на научни институции. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Българска академия на науките">Българска академия на науките</a> (БАН), която през 1980-те години има над 140 института с повече от 12 хил. научни работници. БАН оказва „научното и методологическото ръководство“ над останалите 2 нива и осъществява фундаментални и стратегически научни изследвания, свързани с по-далечните цели на индустриалното развитие.</li> <li>Университети и висши учебни заведения (ВУЗ). Възникват десетки нови ВУЗ, в които от средата на 1960-те години се оформят „научноизследователски сектори“ (НИС), работещи по договори със стопанските организации</li> <li>Приложни <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82" title="Научноизследователски институт">научноизследователски институти</a> и научни центрове към министерства, производствени обединения и големи предприятия. Играят ролята и на внедряващи звена за технологичното развитие.</li></ul> <p>Правителството увеличава инвестициите в наука и тя се обвързва с основната задача за <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индустриализация">индустриализация</a> на страната. Същевременно политическият контрол е много силен и дори присъждането на научни степени и звания подлежи на съгласуване с партийните комитети<sup id="cite_ref-reforma_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reforma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). В наукоемките производства като <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Електроника">електроника</a>, точно машиностроене, компютърно оборудване, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Робот">роботика</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Фармацевтика">фармацевтика</a> България заема водещо място сред останалите <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Социалистически страни">социалистически страни</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Производство на компютри в България">Производството на компютри в България</a> преживява разцвет през 80-те години на 20 век. </p><p>В периода 1959 – 1987 г. развитието на науката и техниката е насърчавано на държавно ниво, като за целта се отпуска специално финансиране. В партийни документи и в печата непрекъснато се споменава „научно-техническият прогрес“, а специално внимание се насърчава участието на младежта (движение за техническо и научно творчество на младежта, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="ТНТМ">ТНТМ</a>). Науката и техниката се ръководят от <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Държавен комитет за наука и технически прогрес">Държавния комитет за наука и технически прогрес</a> (ДКНТП) с ранг на министерство. Комитетът ръководи <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Научно-изследователска и развойна дейност">научната и развойната дейност</a> в страната, като координира дейността на БАН, университетите и ведомствените организации. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="От_1990_г."><span id=".D0.9E.D1.82_1990_.D0.B3."></span>От 1990 г.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: От 1990 г." class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: От 1990 г."><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>При <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Преход на България към демокрация и пазарна икономика">прехода към пазарна икономика</a> с унищожаването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Държавно стопанско обединение">държавните стопански обединения</a> (ДСО) в началото на 1990-те години „ведомствената наука“ изчезва. Отношенията между БАН и ВУЗ стават конкурентни, като приетите по това време закони им дават <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Автономия">автономия</a>. Намалява търсенето на научни продукти и услуги, което фактически ликвидира звената по НИС. БАН изпада в тежка ситуация и намалява броя на институтите и учените в тях с повече от 1/3. </p><p>Най-съществената промяна след 1989 г. обаче е възстановяването на международната научна мобилност и масовото навлизане на български учени, докторанти и студенти на световния научен пазар. След 2000 г. в Западна Европа и Северна Америка има десетки хиляди български студенти, хиляди български докторанти и учени, като стотици от тях са получили престижни награди и заемат ръководни позиции в съответните научни центрове<sup id="cite_ref-reforma_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reforma-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>От есента на 2009 г. започва оживен дебат за стратегията за развитието на науката в България и в частност за необходимостта от реформи в БАН. През септември 2010 г. Министерският съвет приема <i>Национална пътна карта за научна инфраструктура</i> като стъпка за развиване на качествени научни изследвания<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. В пътната карта се определят 7 български национални научноизследователски комплекса, които да бъдат развивани с цел постигане на конкурентоспособна и иновативна икономика. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Законова_уредба"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B1.D0.B0"></span>Законова уредба</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Законова уредба" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Законова уредба"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Към края на 2009 г. действащите закони и други нормативни документи, които уреждат въпроси, свързани с научните изследвания в България, са<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>Закон за научните степени и научните звания, приет през 1972 г.</li> <li>Закон за БАН, приет през 1991 г.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Закон за висшето образование">Закон за висшето образование</a>, приет през 1995 г.</li> <li>Закон за насърчаване на научните изследвания, приет през 2003 г.</li> <li>Закон за държавния бюджет.</li> <li>Закон за авторското право и сродните му права, приет през 1993 г.</li> <li>Закон за патентите и регистрация на полезните модели, приет през 2006 г.</li> <li>Иновационна стратегия на Република България, приета през 2004 г.</li> <li>Закон за Селскостопанската академия, приет през 1999 г. и изменен през 2008 г.</li></ul> <p>През май 2010 г. е приет Закон за развитие на академичния състав, който отменя Закона за научните степени и научните звания. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Подготвят се и изменения в Закона за БАН (вж. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Реформи в БАН (страницата не съществува)">Реформи в БАН</a>), както и национална Стратегия за научни изследвания (към март 2011). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Научни_постижения"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D1.83.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B6.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Научни постижения</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Научни постижения" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Научни постижения"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Космически_изследвания"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D1.81.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.B7.D1.81.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Космически изследвания</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Космически изследвания" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Космически изследвания"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Sokol_of_Aleksandar_Aleksandrov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sokol_of_Aleksandar_Aleksandrov.jpg/180px-Sokol_of_Aleksandar_Aleksandrov.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sokol_of_Aleksandar_Aleksandrov.jpg/270px-Sokol_of_Aleksandar_Aleksandrov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sokol_of_Aleksandar_Aleksandrov.jpg/360px-Sokol_of_Aleksandar_Aleksandrov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Космическият скафандър „Сокол“, разработен от <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="Институт за космически изследвания към БАН">Института за космически изследвания</a> (ИКИ) на БАН и използван от космонавтите <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82)" title="Георги Иванов (космонавт)">Георги Иванов</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Александър Александров">Александър Александров</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Българският астроном <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2" title="Георги Мандушев">Георги Мандушев</a> е сред откривателите на една от най-големите планети извън <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Слънчевата система">Слънчевата система</a>, откривани до 2007 г. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=TrES-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TrES-4 (страницата не съществува)">TrES-4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ИКИ към БАН взима участие в космическата мисия на <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия">Индия</a> „<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чандраян-1 (страницата не съществува)">Чандраян-1</a>“ и поставеният от тях уред <a href="/wiki/RADOM-7" title="RADOM-7">RADOM-7</a> успешно изпълнява функциите си. Космическите изследвания обаче са с ограничено финансиране, тъй като МОН и фонд „Научни изследвания“ не осигуряват подкрепа за участие на български космически проекти в разработки на Европейската космическа агенция. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Компютърни_науки_и_информатика"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BF.D1.8E.D1.82.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.83.D0.BA.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.84.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Компютърни науки и информатика</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Компютърни науки и информатика" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Компютърни науки и информатика"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Софтуерна индустрия в България">Софтуерна индустрия в България</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>През <a href="/wiki/1980-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1980-те">1980-те</a> години на 20 век компютърните науки са сред най-развитите научни браншове в страната. България участва на Международната олимпиада по математика ежегодно от самото ѝ създаване насам. От 1959 г. до 2020 г. Националните отбори са спечелили 54 златни, 120 сребърни и 112 бронзови медала, както и 13 почетни грамоти.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> В началото на 1980-те години като част от социалистическия икономически блок <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89" title="Съвет за икономическа взаимопомощ">Съвет за икономическа взаимопомощ</a> страната разработва и произвежда серийно персоналния компютър <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8)" title="Правец (компютри)">„Правец“</a>. България е сред най-големите производители в света на средни и големи изчислителни машини от серията ЕС и ИЗОТ.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Към 2007 г. България е на първо място в Европа по брой на сертифицирани IT-специалисти на глава от населението и на 8-о място в света по същия показател.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Производство на компютри в България">Производството на компютри в България</a> обаче замира след края на 20 век. </p><p>За сметка на това започва развитие на софтуерната индустрия. Водещи международни компании като <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a> и <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" class="mw-redirect" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> имат представителства в България. Такъв пример е компанията Hewlett-Packard, която през 2006 г. създава своя център за глобална поддръжка на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Европа">Европа</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Близкия изток">Близкия изток</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африка</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="София">София</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> През 2005 г. компанията <a href="/wiki/SAP_AG" title="SAP AG">SAP AG</a> установява своите водещи лаборатории за разработка на софтуер в София. През 2008 г. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> подписва споразумение за сътрудничество с българското правителство и научни институции. </p><p>През септември 2008 г. в Държавната агенция за информационни технологии е инсталиран един от 100-те най-мощни (към 2009 г.) <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Суперкомпютър">суперкомпютри</a> в света – <a href="/wiki/Blue_Gene" title="Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a>/P.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, който е и най-мощният суперкомпютър в <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Източна Европа">Източна Европа</a> (вкл. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Русия">Русия</a>). Използва се от учени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Софийския университет">Софийския университет</a> и БАН за изчисления в областта на медицината, астрономията и математиката. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Физика"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0"></span>Физика</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Физика" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Физика"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Академик <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Георги Наджаков">Георги Наджаков</a> е един от най-известните български физици, провеждал изследвания върху <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фотоелектрет (страницата не съществува)">фотоелектретите</a>. През 1937 г. Наджаков прави голямото си откритие – установява неизвестно до този момент явление – под едновременното въздействие на електрично поле и светлина върху фотоелектрично проводими диелектрици и полупроводници възниква постоянна поляризация, която на тъмно се запазва, а при осветяване се разрушава, при което протича деполяризационен ток. Веществата, при които това явление може да се наблюдава, Наджаков нарича фотоелектрети. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Българско_участие_в_ЦЕРН"><span id=".D0.91.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.BE_.D1.83.D1.87.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B5_.D0.B2_.D0.A6.D0.95.D0.A0.D0.9D"></span>Българско участие в ЦЕРН</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Българско участие в ЦЕРН" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Българско участие в ЦЕРН"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Над 90 български учени участват в проекта на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="ЦЕРН">ЦЕРН</a>, целящ чрез <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Голям адронен ускорител">Големия адронен ускорител</a> (свръхмощен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Ускорител на частици">ускорител на частици</a>) да разширят познанията в областта на физиката на елементарните частици и дори да се опитат да възстановят условията, при които е възникнала Вселената.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Учени от ИЯИЯE участват в експеримента <i>Компактен мюонен соленоид</i> (на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Английски език">английски</a>: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" style="font-style:italic">Compact Muon Solenoid</span>, CMS) основно в две направления – в изграждането на адронния калориметър и йонните камери<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Данните, набрани от този експеримент, дават основание за оповестяване на вероятното откриване на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хигс бозон">Хигс бозона</a> през юли 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Други_открития"><span id=".D0.94.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B3.D0.B8_.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BA.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Други открития</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Други открития" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Други открития"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>През 2009 български учени създават и успешно тестват препарат, който ефективно спира почвената ерозия и повишава плодородността ѝ.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Българска_антарктическа_мисия"><span id=".D0.91.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Българска антарктическа мисия</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Българска антарктическа мисия" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Българска антарктическа мисия"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Изследователската база <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%9E%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0)" title="Свети Климент Охридски (база)">„Свети Климент Охридски“</a> е българско научно съоръжение на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Остров">остров</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Ливингстън (остров)">Ливингстън</a>, част от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Антарктика">антарктическия</a> архипелаг <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Южни Шетландски острови">Южни Шетландски острови</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Бележки"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.B6.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Бележки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Бележки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Бележки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-reforma-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-reforma_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reforma_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation reference"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526232531/http://glasove.com/article-6987.php">„За реформата в българската наука“, Иван Чалъков</a>, архив на <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glasove.com/article-6987.php">оригинала</a> от 26 май 2010<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526232531/http://glasove.com/article-6987.php">https://web.archive.org/web/20100526232531/http://glasove.com/article-6987.php</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, посетен на 27 февруари 2011</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9E%D0%97%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%E2%80%9C%2C+%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20100526232531%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fglasove.com%2Farticle-6987.php&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation reference"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127095034/http://mon.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/top_menu/science/infrastructure/nac-patna-karta-nauchan-infrastrutura_rms692-2010.pdf">Национална пътна карта за научна инфраструктура, приета с Решение № 692 от 21 септември 2010 г. на Министерския съвет</a>, архив на <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mon.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/top_menu/science/infrastructure/nac-patna-karta-nauchan-infrastrutura_rms692-2010.pdf">оригинала</a> от 27 ноември 2010<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127095034/http://mon.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/top_menu/science/infrastructure/nac-patna-karta-nauchan-infrastrutura_rms692-2010.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20101127095034/http://mon.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/top_menu/science/infrastructure/nac-patna-karta-nauchan-infrastrutura_rms692-2010.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, посетен на 27 ноември 2010</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%81+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%E2%84%96+692+%D0%BE%D1%82+21+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8+2010+%D0%B3.+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20101127095034%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fmon.bg%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fmon%2Ftop_menu%2Fscience%2Finfrastructure%2Fnac-patna-karta-nauchan-infrastrutura_rms692-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bas.bg/fce/001/0079/bigimg/naukata_v_bulgaria.pdf">Науката в България в началото на ХХІ век, София 2009, изд. „проф. Марин Дринов“</a><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – февруари 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation reference"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121214451/http://www.minedu.government.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/left_menu/documents/law/zkn_acad_satav.pdf">Закон за развитие на академичния състав</a>, архив на <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minedu.government.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/left_menu/documents/law/zkn_acad_satav.pdf">оригинала</a> от 21 ноември 2010<span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121214451/http://www.minedu.government.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/left_menu/documents/law/zkn_acad_satav.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20101121214451/http://www.minedu.government.bg/opencms/export/sites/mon/left_menu/documents/law/zkn_acad_satav.pdf</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, посетен на 21 ноември 2010</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20101121214451%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.minedu.government.bg%2Fopencms%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fmon%2Fleft_menu%2Fdocuments%2Flaw%2Fzkn_acad_satav.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dnes.dir.bg/2007/08/08/news1974535.html">Българин е съоткривател на най-голямата планета</a>, 8 август 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imo-official.org/country_info.aspx?code=BGR">Bulgaria Results IMO.</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zitbg.com/bg/%D0%B5%D1%81-1020">Завод за изчислителна техника</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sharedxpertise.com/file/2251/forget-india-lets-go-to-bulgaria.html">www.sharedxpertise.com</a><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – март 2021">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outsourcingmonitor.eu/articles/outsourcing-to-bulgaria.html">www.outsourcingmonitor.eu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=64578">Hewlett Packard Opens Global Support Center in Sofia</a>, Sofia News Agency, 6 юни 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dnes.dir.bg/2008/09/09/news3363693.html#sepultura">Вече си имаме и суперкомпютър</a>, Dir.bg, 9 септември 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dnes.dir.bg/2007/12/21/news2472729.html">Българи разкриват раждането на Вселената</a>, 21 декември 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://technews.bg/info.php?id=26739">БАН с голям принос в търсенето на „хигс“ бозона</a> //   Посетен на 17 юли 2012.</cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – октомври 2023">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.24chasa.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=154698">BG учени създадоха лек за болни почви</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/24_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="24 часа (вестник)">24 часа</a></i>, 14 юни 2009 </span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Наука_и_технологии_в_България&oldid=12409456">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Наука_и_технологии_в_България&oldid=12409456</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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