Optic Nerve Crush | PharmOptima

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src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/cros/images/callout-img.png"> <div class="cta_main"> <div class="cta_text">Contact our Experts</div> </div> <div class="cta_dec"> <span></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <section class="info overview _nerve-crush"> <div class="overview_body"> <div class="overview_col"> <p class="info_text">Central nervous system trauma and neurodegenerative disorders can trigger a cascade of cellular and molecular events culminating in neuronal apoptosis. The Optic Nerve Crush model provides an effective tool for analyzing the pathogenic mechanisms associated with neuronal injury signaling in vivo. Optic nerve crush has been used as a model neuronal injury, including glaucoma, traumatic optic neuropathies, neurodegeneration and CNS injury. Crush injury to the optic nerve severs the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons leading to the gradual death of RGC neurons in the retina. The model provides an opportunity to study neuronal outcomes following injury, including survival, apoptosis, regeneration and associated biomarkers. Applications include traumatic optic neuropathy, glaucoma and neurodegenerative disease.</p> <p class="info_text">Optic nerve crush serves as a useful model for traumatic optic neuropathy and mimics glaucomatous injury, similarly inducing RGC cell death and degeneration. Glaucomatous injury is a pathohistological feature of glaucoma in the optic nerve.</p> </div> <div class="overview_col"> <img alt="Nerve Crush Illustration" class="info_img" src="https://www.pharmoptima.com/images/nerve-crush.png?v=1705335721" /> </div> </div> </section> <section class="info _has-depth _mol-readouts"> <div class="info_row"> <div class="info_col _arrow-bg"> <h3 class="info_title">Molecular Readouts Illustration Model Induction</h3> <p class="info_text">Multidimensional observations strengthen the interpretation: in addition to in-life measurements (i.e., ERG), Immunostaining monitors therapeutic effect, immunoassays track biomarkers, and qRT-PCR provides information on retinal gene expression. Markers tracked in this model include:</p> </div> <div class="info_col"> <table class="table"> <tr class="table_header"> <th>Proten/Gene</th> <th>Significance</th> </tr> <tr class="table_row"> <td>pcJun</td> <td>neuronal injury</td> </tr> <tr class="table_row"> <td>TUJI</td> <td>RGC marker</td> </tr> <tr class="table_row"> <td>Atf3</td> <td>regeneration-associated genes</td> </tr> <tr class="table_row"> <td>Sprr1a</td> <td>regeneration-associated genes</td> </tr> <tr class="table_row"> <td>Ddit3 (Chop)</td> <td>pro-apoptotic transcription factor</td> </tr> <tr class="table_row"> <td>Gfap</td> <td>Reactive astrocyte marker</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </section> <section class="info _has-depth _even _glaucoma"> <div class="info_row"> <div class="info_col"> <h3 class="info_title">Treating and Reversing Glaucoma</h3> <p class="info_text">The GD<sup>3</sup> Ocular Center of Excellence is proud to offer efficacy models in which physiological readouts coupled with cellular and biochemical measurements provide a comprehensive snapshot of your treatment's therapeutic potential. The optic nerve crush model can test agents treating glaucoma, traumatic optic neuropathies, neurodegeneration, and CNS injury and inflammation. If your organization is working to treat any of these debilitating diseases, we encourage you to examine our capabilities:</p> </div> <div class="info_col"> <ul class="list"> <li class="list-item">Glaucoma</li> <li class="list-item">In vivo Mouse Model for Glaucoma</li> <li class="list-item">Traumatic Optic Neuropathies</li> <li class="list-item">CNS Injury</li> <li class="list-item">Inflammation</li> <li class="list-item">Neurodegenerative Diseases</li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> <section class="info _has-depth _pathways"> <div class="info_row"> <div class="info_col"> <h3 class="info_title">Activation of Signaling Pathways</h3> <p class="info_text">Western blot of retinal tissue three days following optic nerve crush compared to uninjured control: upregulation of injury marker, pcJun, demonstrates activation of signaling pathways important for neuronal outcome following ONC.</p> </div> <div class="info_col"> <img alt="Injury Markers Illustration" class="info_img" src="https://www.pharmoptima.com/images/injury-markers.png?v=1705335721" /> </div> </div> </section> <section class="info _has-depth _even _upregulation"> <div class="info_row"> <div class="info_col"> <h3 class="info_title">Upregulation of Injury Markers</h3> <p class="info_text">Immunostained whole mount retinas following optic nerve crush (ONC): upregulation of injury marker, pcJun, demonstrates activation of injury signaling pathways resulting in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death following ONC. Loss of pcJun and TUJI signal three weeks after ONC demonstrates a reduction in the number of surviving RGCs in the weeks following axotomy.</p> </div> <div class="info_col"> <img alt="Post ONC Illustration" class="info_img" src="https://www.pharmoptima.com/images/post-onc.png?v=1705335722" /> </div> </div> </section> <section class="info _has-depth _robust-response"> <div class="info_row"> <div class="info_col"> <h3 class="info_title">Robust Transcriptional Response</h3> <p class="info_text">qRT-PCR of Atf3, Sprr1a, Ddit3 (Chop), and Gfap from retinal RNA four days after optic nerve crush (ONC) compared to uninjured contralateral control (CTL): upregulation of regeneration-associated genes Atf3 and Sprr1a, pro-apoptotic transcription factor Ddit3 (Chop), and reactive astrocyte marker Gfap demonstrates a robust response to injury following ONC. Relative gene expression was calculated using the 螖螖CT method relative to Gapdh and normalized to expression levels in CTL samples.</p> <div class="info_references"> <h4>References</h4> <ol class="reference_list"> <li class="reference_list-item">Dual leucine zipper kinase-dependent PERK activation contributes to neuronal degeneration following insult. Larhammar et al. eLife 2017; 6:e20725.</li> <li class="reference_list-item">Longitudinal Morphological and Functional Assessment of RGC Neurodegeneration After Optic Nerve Crush in Mouse. Li et al. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2020; 14 (109).</li> <li class="reference_list-item">An Optic Nerve Crush Injury Murine Model to Study Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival. Tang et al. J. Vis. Exp. 2011; (50): 2685.</li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="info_col"> <img alt="Injury Markers Illustration" class="info_img" src="https://www.pharmoptima.com/images/transcriptonal-response.png?v=1705335722" /> </div> </div> </section> <section class="info _has-depth _even _optic-nerve-crush"> <div class="info_row"> <div class="info_col"> <h3 class="info_title">Optic Nerve Crush Use in Your Research Program</h3> <p class="info_text">Optic nerve crush allows for the evaluation of drug intervention following neuronal injury at the cellular and biochemical levels. Immunostaining can monitor therapeutic effects, and immunoassays can be developed to track biomarkers following treatment.</p> </div> <div class="info_col"> <a class="info_btn" href="https://www.pharmoptima.com/pdf/optic_nerve_crush.pdf?v=1705335722"> <div class="info_btn_img_wrap"> <img class="info_btn_img" alt="Overview of Services PDF Download" src="https://www.pharmoptima.com/images/nerve-crush-brochure.png?v=1705335721" /> </div> <div class="info_btn_text"> <h3 class="info_btn_title">Optic Nerve Crush Brochure</h3> <p class="info_btn_desc">Download</p> </div> <img class="info_btn_decor" alt="Download PDF file decoration" src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/cros/images/btn-decoration.svg" /> </a> </div> </div> </section> </div> </section> </main> <div id="modal">  <div id="optin-modal" class="modal_overlay"> <div class="modal _optin"> <span class="modal_icon"></span> <p class="modal_text">Before you download, please fill out some info so we can discuss our services with you</p> <div class="modal_body"> <form class="form specific" data-sth="downloads"> <div class="form_msg"> <p class="status">Thank you for your message!</p> </div> <div class="field required"> <input placeholder="Optional" class="if" type="text" name="d_name" required /> <label for="last-name">Name</label> </div> <div class="field required"> <input placeholder="Optional" class="if" type="email" name="d_email" required /> <label for="email">Email</label> </div> <div class="field"> <input placeholder="Optional" class="if" type="number" name="d_phone" /> <label for="phone">Phone</label> </div> <input type="hidden" name="link"> <input type="hidden" name="key_code" value="1a9fde5d43700730aaeaa171eb755acc"> <input type="hidden" class="timer" name="timer" value=""> <label style="display: block;height:0;"> <input type="text" name="catch" style="height: 100%; border:0; padding:0;"> </label> <div class="modal_row"> <button id="modal-close" type="button" class="btn">Cancel</button> <div> <a href="" class="btn _submit">Skip</a> <button type="submit" class="btn _submit">Continue</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer_bg in_view_check"> <div class="footer_content"> <div class="footer_container container"> <div class="footer_info"> <div class="footer_info_wrap"> <img class="footer_info_img" alt="Icon Map" src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/cros/images/icon-map.svg" /> </div> <span class="footer_info_text">6710 Quality Way<br>Portage, MI 49002</span> </div> <div class="footer_info"> <div class="footer_info_wrap"> <img class="footer_info_img" alt="Icon Phone" src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/cros/images/icon-phone.svg" /> </div> <span class="footer_info_text _strong"> 269-329-4370<br> 844-272-8234<br> </span> </div> <div class="footer_info"> <div class="footer_info_wrap"> <img class="footer_info_img" alt="Icon Fax" src="https://www.genesisglobalgrp.com/mods/cros/images/icon-fax.svg" /> </div> <span class="footer_info_text _strong">269-329-4390</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subfooter in_view_check"> <div class="subfooter_content container"> <div class="subfooter_links"> <a class="subfooter_text" href="https://www.pharmoptima.com/terms/">Terms of Use</a> <a class="subfooter_text" href="https://www.pharmoptima.com/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a> </div> <p class="subfooter_text">©2024 PharmOptima, All Rights Reserved.</p> </div> </div> </footer> </body> </html>

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