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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Not to be confused with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union</a>, a term used to denote the entire path along with all related policies, leading to the adoption of the euro, of which the eurozone is the most advanced stage only. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Not to be confused with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurodistrict?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurodistrict">Eurodistrict</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroregion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euroregion">Euroregion</a>, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurozine">Eurozine</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> The euro area,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monetary_union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary union">currency union</a> of 20 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member state of the European Union">member states</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) that have adopted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_sign?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro sign">€</a>) as their primary <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Currency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Currency">currency</a> and sole <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legal_tender?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a>, and have thus fully implemented <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">EMU</a> policies. <table class="infobox" style="width:4px"> <caption class="infobox-title"> Euro area </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <div style="float:none; position:relative; padding:10px 10px 80px; overflow:auto;"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 400px; font-size: 75%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: visible;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Eurozone_Internal.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eurozone_Internal.svg/400px-Eurozone_Internal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eurozone_Internal.svg/600px-Eurozone_Internal.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Eurozone_Internal.svg/800px-Eurozone_Internal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="450"></a> <div style="position:absolute; left:192px; top:262px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austrian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austrian euro coins">Austria</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:110px; top:228px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgian euro coins">Belgium</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:280px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croatian euro coins">Croatia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:354px; top:380px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cypriot_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cypriot euro coins">Cyprus</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:240px; top:92px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finnish_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finnish euro coins">Finland</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242px; top:132px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonian euro coins">Estonia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:94px; top:268px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French euro coins">France</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:274px; top:352px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek euro coins">Greece</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:156px; top:224px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German euro coins">Germany</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:42px; top:188px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish euro coins">Ireland</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:182px; top:316px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italian euro coins">Italy</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242px; top:152px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian euro coins">Latvia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:242px; top:172px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuanian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian euro coins">Lithuania</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:142px; top:240px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourgish_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourgish euro coins">Luxembourg</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:194px; top:388px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maltese_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maltese euro coins">Malta</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:102px; top:208px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch euro coins">Netherlands</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:6px; top:336px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portuguese_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portuguese euro coins">Portugal</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:234px; top:248px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovak_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovak euro coins">Slovakia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:153.6px; top:276px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenian_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenian euro coins">Slovenia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:50px; top:328px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish euro coins">Spain</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:90px; top:308px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorran_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andorran euro coins">Andorra</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:134px; top:296px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monégasque euro coins">Monaco</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:182px; top:300px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sammarinese_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sammarinese euro coins">San Marino</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:182px; top:332px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican City</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:250px; top:310px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kosovo_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kosovo and the euro">Kos</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; left:218px; top:312px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montenegro_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montenegro and the euro">Mont.</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:118%; left:2px; top:408px"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <div class="legend">   Eurozone members (20) </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:118%; left:2px; top:432px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sovereign_states" title="International status and usage of the euro">Monetary agreement</a> (4) </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:118%; left:2px; top:456px"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unilateral_adopters" title="International status and usage of the euro">Unilaterally adopted</a> (2) </div> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;bottom:2px;right:2px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Eurozone_labelled_map_interior?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Eurozone labelled map interior"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/20px-Desc-i.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/30px-Desc-i.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Desc-i.svg/40px-Desc-i.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="648"></a> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Policy of</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">European Union</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Currency_union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Currency union">Monetary union</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">Euro</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th> <td class="infobox-data">1 January 1999</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;"> <div> 20 states </div> </div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%2528civil%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyprus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International status and usage of the euro">Further usage</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef">Governance</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monetary_authority?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary authority">Monetary authority</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurosystem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political oversight</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurogroup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#efefef">Statistics</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th> <td class="infobox-data">2,801,552 km2 (1,081,685 sq mi)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th> <td class="infobox-data">350,077,581 (January 1, 2024)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population_jan_2023-2">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Density</th> <td class="infobox-data">125/km2 (323.7/sq mi)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP (nominal)</th> <td class="infobox-data">€14.372 trillion €40,990 (per capita) (2023)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-europa1-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monetary_policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Interest_rates" title="Monetary policy">Interest rate</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">4.00%<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-interest_rates-4">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inflation</th> <td class="infobox-data">2.4% (March 2024)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unemployment</th> <td class="infobox-data">6.5% (February 2024)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_countries_by_current_account_balance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by current account balance">Trade balance</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">€310 billion trade surplus<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The 20 eurozone members are: <dl> <dd> Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. </dd> </dl> The seven non-eurozone members of the EU are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romania">Romania</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>. They continue to use their own national currencies, although all but Denmark are obliged to join once they meet the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_convergence_criteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro convergence criteria">euro convergence criteria</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Among non-EU member states, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra%E2%80%93European_Union_relations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra–European Union relations">Andorra</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93European_Union_relations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaco–European Union relations">Monaco</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93European_Union_relations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Marino–European Union relations">San Marino</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holy_See-European_Union_relations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See-European Union relations">Vatican City</a> have formal agreements with the EU to use the euro as their official currency and issue their own coins.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agreements2-10">[10]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-design2-11">[11]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-amisdeleuro2-12">[12]</a> In addition, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kosovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montenegro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> have adopted the euro unilaterally, relying on euros already in circulation rather than minting currencies of their own.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agreements_22-13">[13]</a> These six countries, however, have no representation in any eurozone institution.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurosystem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a> is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monetary_authority?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monetary authority">monetary authority</a> of the eurozone, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurogroup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a> is an informal body of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finance_minister?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance minister">finance ministers</a> that makes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiscal_policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiscal policy">fiscal policy</a> for the currency union, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European System of Central Banks">European System of Central Banks</a> is responsible for fiscal and monetary cooperation between eurozone and non-eurozone EU members. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> (ECB) makes monetary policy for the eurozone, sets its base <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interest_rate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interest rate">interest rate</a>, and issues euro banknotes and coins. Since the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>, the eurozone has established and used provisions for granting emergency loans to member states in return for enacting economic reforms.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> The eurozone has also enacted some limited <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiscal_union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiscal union">fiscal integration</a>; for example, in peer review of each other's national budgets. The issue is political and in a state of flux in terms of what further provisions will be agreed for eurozone change. No eurozone member state has left, and there are no provisions to do so or to be expelled.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Territory">1 Territory</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eurozone">1.1 Eurozone</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dependent_territories_of_EU_member_states_not_part_of_the_EU">1.2 Dependent territories of EU member states not part of the EU</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Non-member_usage">1.3 Non-member usage</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#With_formal_agreement">1.3.1 With formal agreement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Without_formal_agreement">1.3.2 Without formal agreement</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historical_eurozone_enlargements_and_exchange-rate_regimes_for_EU_members">1.4 Historical eurozone enlargements and exchange-rate regimes for EU members</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Future_enlargement">1.5 Future enlargement</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Expulsion_and_withdrawal">1.6 Expulsion and withdrawal</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administration_and_representation">2 Administration and representation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reform">2.1 Reform</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy">3 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Comparison_table">3.1 Comparison table</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Inflation">3.2 Inflation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Interest_rates">3.3 Interest rates</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Public_debt">3.4 Public debt</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fiscal_policies">3.5 Fiscal policies</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bailout_provisions">4 Bailout provisions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Peer_review">5 Peer review</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Criticism">6 Criticism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">7 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">8 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Territory" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Eurozone">Eurozone</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Eurozone" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1998, eleven <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member state of the European Union">member states of the European Union</a> had met the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_convergence_criteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro convergence criteria">euro convergence criteria</a>, and the eurozone came into existence with the official launch of the euro (alongside national currencies) on 1 January 1999 in those countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. Greece qualified in 2000 and was admitted on 1 January 2001. These twelve founding members introduced physical <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_banknotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro banknotes">euro banknotes</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro coins">euro coins</a> on 1 January 2002. After a short transition period, they took out of circulation and rendered invalid their pre-euro national coins and notes. Between 2007 and 2023, eight new states have acceded: Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Slovenia. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.33"> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member state of the European Union">state</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-1">ISO code</a></th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enlargement of the eurozone">adopted</a> on 1 January of</th> <th>population in 2021<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-population_jan_2023-2">[2]</a></th> <th>nominal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_National_Income?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross National Income">GNI</a> in 2021 in millions of USD<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a></th> <th>nominal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_National_Income?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross National Income">GNI</a> as fraction of eurozone total</th> <th>nominal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gross_National_Income?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross National Income">GNI</a> per capita in 2021 in USD</th> <th>pre-euro currency</th> <th>conversion rate of euro to pre-euro currency<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a></th> <th class="unsortable">pre-euro currency was also used in</th> <th class="unsortable">territories where euro is not used</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>AT</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">8,932,664</td> <td style="text-align:right">472,474</td> <td style="text-align:right">3.27%</td> <td style="text-align:right">52,893</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austrian_schilling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austrian schilling">schilling</a></td> <td>13.7603</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>BE</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">11,554,767</td> <td style="text-align:right">585,375</td> <td style="text-align:right">4.05%</td> <td style="text-align:right">50,661</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgian_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgian franc">franc</a></td> <td>40.3399</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>HR</td> <td>2023<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,036,355</td> <td style="text-align:right">68,724</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.48%</td> <td style="text-align:right">17,026</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatian_kuna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croatian kuna">kuna</a></td> <td>7.53450</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyprus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></td> <td>CY</td> <td>2008<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">896,007</td> <td style="text-align:right">25,634</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.18%</td> <td style="text-align:right">28,609</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cypriot_pound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cypriot pound">pound</a></td> <td>0.585274</td> <td></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Cyprus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[a]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>EE</td> <td>2011<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[22]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,330,068</td> <td style="text-align:right">35,219</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.24%</td> <td style="text-align:right">26,479</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estonian_kroon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estonian kroon">kroon</a></td> <td>15.6466</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>FI</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,533,793</td> <td style="text-align:right">296,473</td> <td style="text-align:right">2.05%</td> <td style="text-align:right">53,575</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Finnish_markka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Finnish markka">markka</a></td> <td>5.94573</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a></td> <td>FR</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">67,656,682</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,991,553</td> <td style="text-align:right">20.69%</td> <td style="text-align:right">44,217</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French franc">franc</a></td> <td>6.55957</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Caledonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CFP_note-24">[b]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Polynesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CFP_note-24">[b]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CFP_note-24">[b]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germany?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>DE</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">83,155,031</td> <td style="text-align:right">4,298,325</td> <td style="text-align:right">29.72%</td> <td style="text-align:right">51,690</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_Mark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutsche Mark">Mark</a></td> <td>1.95583</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kosovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montenegro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greece?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>GR<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[c]</a></td> <td>2001<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[23]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,678,632</td> <td style="text-align:right">212,807</td> <td style="text-align:right">1.47%</td> <td style="text-align:right">19,928</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modern_drachma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modern drachma">drachma</a></td> <td>340.750</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>IE</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,006,324</td> <td style="text-align:right">383,084</td> <td style="text-align:right">2.65%</td> <td style="text-align:right">76,520</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_pound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish pound">pound</a></td> <td>0.787564</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>IT</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">59,236,213</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,127,119</td> <td style="text-align:right">14.71%</td> <td style="text-align:right">35,909</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italian_lira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italian lira">lira</a></td> <td>1936.27</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatican_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>LV</td> <td>2014<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[24]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,893,223</td> <td style="text-align:right">37,295</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.26%</td> <td style="text-align:right">19,699</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latvian_lats?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latvian lats">lats</a></td> <td>0.702804</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>LT</td> <td>2015<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[25]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,795,680</td> <td style="text-align:right">60,884</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.42%</td> <td style="text-align:right">21,778</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lithuanian_litas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lithuanian litas">litas</a></td> <td>3.45280</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>LU</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">634,730</td> <td style="text-align:right">56,449</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.39%</td> <td style="text-align:right">88,934</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxembourgish_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourgish franc">franc</a></td> <td>40.3399</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malta">Malta</a></td> <td>MT</td> <td>2008<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[26]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">516,100</td> <td style="text-align:right">15,948</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.11%</td> <td style="text-align:right">30,901</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maltese_lira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maltese lira">lira</a></td> <td>0.429300</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>NL</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">17,475,415</td> <td style="text-align:right">967,837</td> <td style="text-align:right">6.69%</td> <td style="text-align:right">55,383</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_guilder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch guilder">guilder</a></td> <td>2.20371</td> <td></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aruba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aruba">Aruba</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[d]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caribbean_guilder_group=lower-alpha-31">[e]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sint_Maarten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Caribbean_guilder_group=lower-alpha-31">[e]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[f]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>PT</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10,298,252</td> <td style="text-align:right">246,714</td> <td style="text-align:right">1.71%</td> <td style="text-align:right">23,957</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portuguese_escudo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portuguese escudo">escudo</a></td> <td>200.482</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovakia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>SK</td> <td>2009<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[27]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5,459,781</td> <td style="text-align:right">112,424</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.78%</td> <td style="text-align:right">20,591</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovak_koruna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovak koruna">koruna</a></td> <td>30.1260</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>SI</td> <td>2007<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[28]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,108,977</td> <td style="text-align:right">59,608</td> <td style="text-align:right">0.41%</td> <td style="text-align:right">28,264</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slovenian_tolar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Slovenian tolar">tolar</a></td> <td>239.640</td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>ES</td> <td>1999<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-original11-19">[19]</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">47,398,695</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,407,936</td> <td style="text-align:right">9.74%</td> <td style="text-align:right">29,704</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_peseta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish peseta">peseta</a></td> <td>166.386</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <th>eurozone</th> <th>EZ<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[g]</a></th> <th data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</th> <th style="text-align:right">346,597,389<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[h]</a></th> <th style="text-align:right">14,461,883</th> <th style="text-align:right">100.00%</th> <th style="text-align:right">41,725</th> <th data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</th> <th data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</th> <th data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</th> <th>see above</th> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Dependent_territories_of_EU_member_states_not_part_of_the_EU">Dependent territories of EU member states not part of the EU</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Dependent territories of EU member states not part of the EU" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Three French <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dependent_territories_outside_the_EU" title="International status and usage of the euro">dependent territories that are not part of the EU</a> have adopted the euro, with France ensuring eurozone laws are implemented: <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territorial_collectivity_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial collectivity of Saint Barthélemy">Territorial collectivity of Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Overseas_Collectivity_of_Saint-Pierre_and_Miquelon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon">Overseas Collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Non-member_usage">Non-member usage</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Non-member usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_status_and_usage_of_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International status and usage of the euro">International status and usage of the euro</a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Eurozone_participation.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eurozone_participation.svg/301px-Eurozone_participation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="301" height="301" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 301px;height: 301px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eurozone_participation.svg/301px-Eurozone_participation.svg.png" data-width="301" data-height="301" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eurozone_participation.svg/452px-Eurozone_participation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eurozone_participation.svg/602px-Eurozone_participation.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Eurozone participation <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1228772891">.mw-parser-output .glossary dt{margin-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .glossary dt+dt{margin-top:-0.2em}.mw-parser-output .glossary .templatequote{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:-0.5em}</style> <dl class="glossary"> <dt id="european_union_member_states"> <dfn><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member state of the European Union">European Union member states</a></dfn> </dt> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">special territories</a> not shown) <dd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   20 in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">eurozone</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   1 in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">ERM II</a>, without an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-out</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgaria_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgaria and the euro">Bulgaria</a>) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   1 in ERM II, with an opt-out (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark and the euro">Denmark</a>) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   5 not in ERM II, but obliged to join the eurozone on meeting the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_convergence_criteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro convergence criteria">convergence criteria</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_Republic_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech Republic and the euro">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungary_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungary and the euro">Hungary</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland and the euro">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romania_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romania and the euro">Romania</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden and the euro">Sweden</a>) </div> </dd> <dt id="non–eu_member_states"> <dfn>Non–EU member states</dfn> </dt> <dd> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   4 using the euro with a monetary agreement (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andorra and the euro">Andorra</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mon%C3%A9gasque_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monégasque euro coins">Monaco</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Marino euro coins">San Marino</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican City</a>) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"> <div class="legend">   2 using the euro unilaterally (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kosovo_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kosovo and the euro">Kosovo</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montenegro_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montenegro and the euro">Montenegro</a>) </div> </dd> </dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Euro_accession_map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Euro accession map"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Euro_accession_map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Euro accession map"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euro_accession_map?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euro accession map"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="With_formal_agreement">With formal agreement</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: With formal agreement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The euro is also used in countries outside the EU. Four states (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City) have signed formal agreements with the EU to use the euro and issue their own coins.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agreements-37">[29]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agreements_2-38">[30]</a> Nevertheless, they are not considered part of the eurozone by the ECB and do not have a seat in the ECB or Euro Group. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> (located on the island of Cyprus) belong to the United Kingdom, but there are agreements between the United Kingdom and Cyprus[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and between United Kingdom and EU[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] about their partial integration with Cyprus and partial adoption of Cypriot law, including the usage of euro in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Several currencies are pegged to the euro, some of them with a fluctuation band and others with an exact rate. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_convertible_mark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark">Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark</a> was once pegged to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_mark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Deutsche mark">Deutsche mark</a> at par, and continues to be pegged to the euro today at the Deutsche mark's old rate (1.95583 per euro). The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgarian_lev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgarian lev">Bulgarian lev</a> was initially pegged to the Deutsche Mark at a rate of BGL 1000 to DEM 1 in 1997, and has been pegged at a rate of BGN 1.95583 to EUR 1 since the introduction of the euro and the redenomination of the lev in 1999. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_African_CFA_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West African CFA franc">West African</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_African_CFA_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central African CFA franc">Central African CFA francs</a> are pegged exactly at 655.957 CFA to 1 EUR. In 1998, in anticipation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a> addressed the monetary agreements France had with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CFA_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CFA franc">CFA Zone</a> and Comoros, and ruled that the ECB had no obligation towards the convertibility of the CFA and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comorian_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comorian franc">Comorian francs</a>. The responsibility of the free convertibility remained in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_Treasury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="French Treasury">French Treasury</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Without_formal_agreement">Without formal agreement</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Without formal agreement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kosovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montenegro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> unilaterally adopted the euro as their sole currency without an agreement and, therefore, have no issuing rights.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-agreements_2-38">[30]</a> These states are not considered part of the eurozone by the ECB. However, sometimes the term eurozone is applied to all territories that have adopted the euro as their sole currency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[32]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[33]</a> Further unilateral adoption of the euro (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euroisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroisation">euroisation</a>), by both non-euro EU and non-EU members, is opposed by the ECB and EU.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Historical_eurozone_enlargements_and_exchange-rate_regimes_for_EU_members">Historical eurozone enlargements and exchange-rate regimes for EU members</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Historical eurozone enlargements and exchange-rate regimes for EU members" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of the euro">History of the euro</a> </div> The chart below provides a full summary of all applying <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exchange-rate_regime?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange-rate regime">exchange-rate regimes</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member state of the European Union">EU members</a>, since the birth, on 13 March 1979, of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Monetary_System?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Monetary System">European Monetary System</a> with its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exchange_Rate_Mechanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange Rate Mechanism">Exchange Rate Mechanism</a> and the related new common currency <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Currency_Unit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Currency Unit">ECU</a>. On 1 January 1999, the euro replaced the ECU 1:1 at the exchange rate markets. During 1979–1999, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_Mark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutsche Mark">Deutsche Mark</a> functioned as a de facto anchor for the ECU, meaning there was only a minor difference between pegging a currency against the ECU and pegging it against the Deutsche Mark. <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"> <map name="timeline_g99sz01egv6zrq7wklb3m7svw9rc0bc"></map><img usemap="#timeline_g99sz01egv6zrq7wklb3m7svw9rc0bc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/g99sz01egv6zrq7wklb3m7svw9rc0bc.png"> </div> Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/convergence_reports_en.htm">EC convergence reports 1996-2014</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/quaderni-storia/2005-0010/Q10_Garofalo.pdf">Italian lira</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hec.unil.ch/pbacchetta/Printed%2520papers/WE97.pdf">Spanish peseta</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9775.pdf">Portuguese escudo</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www2.wu-wien.ac.at/ecsa//emu/papgenberg.pdf">Finnish markka</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/wp9775.pdf">Greek drachma</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://libcom.org/library/britain-european-exchange-rate-mechanism">Sterling</a> </div> The eurozone was born with its first 11 member states on 1 January 1999. The first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enlargement of the eurozone">enlargement of the eurozone</a>, to Greece, took place on 1 January 2001, one year before the euro physically entered into circulation. The next enlargements were to states which <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">joined the EU in 2004</a>, and then joined the eurozone on 1 January of the year noted: Slovenia in 2007, Cyprus in 2008, Malta in 2008, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014, and Lithuania in 2015. Croatia, which <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">acceded to the EU in 2013</a>, adopted the euro in 2023. All new EU members joining the bloc after the signing of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a> in 1992 are obliged to adopt the euro under the terms of their accession treaties. However, the last of the five economic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_convergence_criteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro convergence criteria">convergence criteria</a> which need first to be complied with in order to qualify for euro adoption, is the exchange rate stability criterion, which requires having been an ERM-member for a minimum of two years without the presence of "severe tensions" for the currency exchange rate. In September 2011, a diplomatic source close to the euro adoption preparation talks with the seven remaining new member states who had yet to adopt the euro at that time (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania), claimed that the monetary union (eurozone) they had thought they were going to join upon their signing of the accession treaty may very well end up being a very different union, entailing a much closer fiscal, economic, and political convergence than originally anticipated. This changed legal status of the eurozone could potentially cause them to conclude that the conditions for their promise to join were no longer valid, which "could force them to stage new referendums" on euro adoption.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Future_enlargement">Future enlargement</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Future enlargement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enlargement of the eurozone">Enlargement of the eurozone</a> </div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px"> <div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:400px;"> <figure class="mw-halign-none noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-top-right" typeof="mw:File"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Supranational_European_Bodies.svg/400px-Supranational_European_Bodies.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="259" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="780" usemap="#ImageMap_a3f8c5bc709a3d89" resource="/wiki/File:Supranational_European_Bodies-en.svg"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 400px;height: 259px;" 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coords="191,168,211,181" alt="Malta" title="Malta"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="166,196,186,209" alt="Croatia" title="Croatia"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyprus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="219,149,239,163" alt="Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="221,173,241,186" alt="Republic of Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="252,173,272,186" alt="United Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="219,40,239,53" alt="Turkey" title="Turkey"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="178,231,196,244" alt="Monaco" title="Monaco"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andorra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="199,231,219,244" alt="Andorra" title="Andorra"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="221,231,241,244" alt="San Marino" title="San Marino"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatican_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="372,231,392,244" alt="Vatican City" title="Vatican City"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georgia_(country)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="256,61,274,75" alt="Georgia (country)" title="Georgia (country)"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ukraine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="256,81,274,96" alt="Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azerbaijan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="281,61,300,75" alt="Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moldova?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="281,81,300,96" alt="Moldova" title="Moldova"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="286,148,305,161" alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="312,61,332,75" alt="Armenia" title="Armenia"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montenegro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="312,148,332,161" alt="Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Macedonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="312,123,332,136" alt="North Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="312,105,332,118" alt="Albania" title="Albania"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Serbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="286,123,305,136" alt="Serbia" title="Serbia"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kosovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="342,148,362,161" alt="Kosovo" title="Kosovo"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="372,126,392,139" alt="Russia" title="Russia"><area href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belarus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" shape="rect" coords="372,148,392,161" alt="Belarus" title="Belarus"></map> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> An <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euler_diagram?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euler diagram">Euler diagram</a> showing the relationships between various multinational European organisations and agreements <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:right"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Supranational_European_Bodies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Supranational European Bodies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Supranational_European_Bodies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Supranational European Bodies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Supranational_European_Bodies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Supranational European Bodies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> Seven countries (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Czech_Republic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romania">Romania</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>) are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Union">EU</a> members but do not use the euro. Before joining the eurozone, a state must spend at least two years in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Exchange_Rate_Mechanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Exchange Rate Mechanism">European Exchange Rate Mechanism</a> (ERM II). As of January 2023, the central bank of Denmark and the Bulgarian central bank participate in ERM II. Denmark obtained a special <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opt-outs_in_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opt-outs in the European Union">opt-out</a> in the original <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maastricht_Treaty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maastricht Treaty">Maastricht Treaty</a>, and thus is legally exempt from joining the eurozone unless its government decides otherwise, either by parliamentary vote or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Referendum">referendum</a>. The United Kingdom likewise had an opt-out prior to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brexit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brexit">withdrawing from the EU</a> in 2020. The remaining six countries are obliged to adopt the euro in future, although the EU has so far not tried to enforce any time plan. They should join as soon as they fulfill the convergence criteria, which include being part of ERM II for two years. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sweden_and_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sweden and the euro">Sweden</a>, which joined the EU in 1995 after the Maastricht Treaty was signed, is required to join the eurozone. However, the Swedish people turned down euro adoption in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003_Swedish_euro_referendum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003 Swedish euro referendum">2003 referendum</a> and since then the country has intentionally avoided fulfilling the adoption requirements by not joining ERM II, which is voluntary.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[36]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[37]</a> Bulgaria joined ERM II on 10 July 2020.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[38]</a> Interest in joining the eurozone increased in Denmark, and initially in Poland, as a result of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>. In Iceland, there was an increase in interest in joining the European Union, a pre-condition for adopting the euro.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[39]</a> However, by 2010 the debt crisis in the eurozone caused interest from Poland, as well as the Czech Republic, Denmark and Sweden to cool.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Expulsion_and_withdrawal">Expulsion and withdrawal</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Expulsion and withdrawal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Withdrawal from the eurozone">Withdrawal from the eurozone</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greek_withdrawal_from_the_eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greek withdrawal from the eurozone">Greek withdrawal from the eurozone</a> </div> In the opinion of journalist Leigh Phillips and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Locke_Lord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Locke Lord">Locke Lord</a>'s Charles Proctor,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-noone-49">[41]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-locke-50">[42]</a> there is no provision in any European Union treaty for an exit from the eurozone. In fact, they argued, the Treaties make it clear that the process of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">monetary union</a> was intended to be "irreversible" and "irrevocable".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-locke-50">[42]</a> However, in 2009, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> legal study argued that, while voluntary withdrawal is legally not possible, expulsion remains "conceivable".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ecblegal-51">[43]</a> Although an explicit provision for an exit option does not exist, many experts and politicians in Europe have suggested an option to leave the eurozone should be included in the relevant treaties.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-activ-52">[44]</a> On the issue of leaving the eurozone, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> has stated that "[t]he irrevocability of membership in the euro area is an integral part of the Treaty framework and the Commission, as a guardian of the EU Treaties, intends to fully respect [that irrevocability]."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rehn-53">[45]</a> It added that it "does not intend to propose [any] amendment" to the relevant Treaties, the current status being "the best way going forward to increase the resilience of euro area Member States to potential economic and financial crises.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rehn-53">[45]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>, responding to a question by a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a>, has stated that an exit is not allowed under the Treaties.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[46]</a> Likewise there is no provision for a state to be expelled from the euro.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[47]</a> Some, however, including the Dutch government, favour the creation of an expulsion provision for the case whereby a heavily indebted state in the eurozone refuses to comply with an EU economic reform policy.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-phillips-56">[48]</a> In a Texas law journal, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a> law professor Jens Dammann has argued that even now EU law contains an implicit right for member states to leave the eurozone if they no longer meet the criteria that they had to meet in order to join it.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jens_Dammann-57">[49]</a> Furthermore, he has suggested that, under narrow circumstances, the European Union can expel member states from the eurozone.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Jens_Dammann2-58">[50]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Administration_and_representation">Administration and representation</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Administration and representation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurogroup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_summit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro summit">Euro summit</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2617"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg/220px-Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg/330px-Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg/440px-Frankfurt_EZB-Neubau.20130909.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seat_of_the_European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seat of the European Central Bank">seat</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt</a> depicted) is the supranational <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central bank">monetary authority</a> of the eurozone. </figcaption> </figure> The monetary policy of all countries in the eurozone is managed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> (ECB) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurosystem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurosystem">Eurosystem</a> which comprises the ECB and the central banks of the EU states who have joined the eurozone. Countries outside the eurozone are not represented in these institutions. Whereas all EU member states are part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_System_of_Central_Banks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European System of Central Banks">European System of Central Banks</a> (ESCB), non EU member states have no say in all three institutions, even those with monetary agreements such as Monaco. The ECB is entitled to authorise the design and printing of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_banknotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro banknotes">euro banknotes</a> and the volume of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_coins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro coins">euro coins</a> minted, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_the_European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President of the European Central Bank">its president</a> is currently <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christine_Lagarde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a>. The eurozone is represented politically by its finance ministers, known collectively as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurogroup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurogroup">Eurogroup</a>, and is presided over by a president, currently <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paschal_Donohoe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paschal Donohoe">Paschal Donohoe</a>. The finance ministers of the EU member states that use the euro meet a day before a meeting of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_and_Financial_Affairs_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic and Financial Affairs Council">Economic and Financial Affairs Council</a> (Ecofin) of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Council_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Council of the European Union">Council of the European Union</a>. The Group is not an official Council formation but when the full EcoFin council votes on matters only affecting the eurozone, only Euro Group members are permitted to vote on it.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[51]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FT_EGE_BG-60">[52]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[53]</a> Since the global <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>, the Euro Group has met irregularly not as finance ministers, but as heads of state and government (like the European Council). It is in this forum, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_summit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro summit">Euro summit</a>, that many eurozone reforms have been decided upon. In 2011, former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/French_President?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="French President">French President</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> pushed for these summits to become regular and twice a year in order for it to be a 'true economic government'.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Reform">Reform</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Reform" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In April 2008 in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brussels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, future <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="President of the European Commission">President</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean-Claude_Juncker?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean-Claude Juncker">Jean-Claude Juncker</a> suggested that the eurozone should be represented at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a> as a bloc, rather than each member state separately: "It is absurd for those 15 countries not to agree to have a single representation at the IMF. It makes us look absolutely ridiculous. We are regarded as buffoons on the international scene".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Common_IMF-63">[55]</a> In 2017 Juncker stated that he aims to have this agreed by the end of his mandate in 2019.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[56]</a> However, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economic_%26_Financial_Affairs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs">Finance Commissioner</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Almunia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joaquín Almunia">Joaquín Almunia</a> stated that before there is common representation, a common political agenda should be agreed upon.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Common_IMF-63">[55]</a> Leading EU figures including the commission and national governments have proposed a variety of reforms to the eurozone's architecture; notably the creation of a Finance Minister, a larger eurozone budget, and reform of the current bailout mechanisms into either a "European Monetary Fund" or a eurozone <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treasury?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treasury">Treasury</a>. While many have similar themes, details vary greatly.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[57]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[58]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[59]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[60]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png/330px-Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="3627"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png/330px-Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png" data-width="330" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png/495px-Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png/660px-Countries_with_economy_larger_than_Eurozone.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Countries with economy larger than the eurozone </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Comparison_table">Comparison table</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Comparison table" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Comparison of the eurozone with US and China <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[61]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-europa1-3">[3]</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th class="unsortable"></th> <th>Population (2023)</th> <th>GDP (Local currency) (2023)</th> <th>GDP (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/US%24?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>) (2023)</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a></td> <td>1410 million</td> <td>CNY 126.1 trillion </td> <td>US$ 17.7 trillion </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/22px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="329"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/22px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/33px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/44px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Eurozone</td> <td>349 million</td> <td>EUR 14.4 trillion</td> <td>US$ 15.6 trillion</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>335 million</td> <td>USD 26.9 trillion</td> <td>US$ 26.9 trillion</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238864702">.mw-parser-output .bar-chart{margin:0.5em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid #c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th,.mw-parser-output .bar-chart td{padding:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="col"]:not(.bar-chart-label-type){width:15em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart th[scope="row"]:not(.bar-chart-total){font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar{height:1.25em;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#cedff2;height:1.25em;margin:0 0 0 0;z-index:0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-comment{font-size:90%;padding-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-numbers{position:relative;top:-1.4em;height:1.25em;padding:0 0 0 2em;z-index:10;width:40em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-caption{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .bar-chart-center{margin:0.5em auto}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .bar-chart-bar-line{background-color:#74497e}}</style> <table class="bar-chart bar-chart-left" style="width: 70em;"> <caption> Comparison with economies of individual sovereign countries </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="bar-chart-label-type">Economy</th> <th scope="col" style="width: 40em"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> Nominal GDP (billions in USD) – Peak year as of 2020 </div></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(01) United States (Peak in 2019)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:39em;"></div>21,439 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(02) China (Peak in 2020)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:27em;"></div>14,860 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(03) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/22px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="329"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 18px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/22px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png" data-width="22" data-height="18" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/33px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg/44px-Logo_European_Central_Bank.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> Eurozone (Peak in 2008)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:25.8em;"></div>14,188 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(04) Japan (Peak in 2012)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:11.3em;"></div>6,203 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(05) United Kingdom (Peak in 2007)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:5.6em;"></div>3,085 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(06) India (Peak in 2019)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:5.2em;"></div>2,868 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(07) Brazil (Peak in 2011)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.8em;"></div>2,614 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(08) Russia (Peak in 2013)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:4.2em;"></div>2,289 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(09) Canada (Peak in 2013)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.4em;"></div>1,847 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(10) Korea (Peak in 2018)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:3.1em;"></div>1,720 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(11) Australia (Peak in 2012)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.9em;"></div>1,569 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(12) Mexico (Peak in 2014)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2.4em;"></div>1,315 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(13) Indonesia (Peak in 2019)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:2em;"></div>1,112 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(14) Turkey (Peak in 2013)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.7em;"></div>950 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(15) Saudi Arabia (Peak in 2018)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.4em;"></div>787 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(16) Switzerland (Peak in 2019)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.3em;"></div>715 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(17) Argentina (Peak in 2017)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.2em;"></div>643 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(18) Taiwan (Peak in 2020)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.2em;"></div>635 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(19) Poland (Peak in 2018)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.1em;"></div>585 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">(20) Sweden (Peak in 2013)</th> <td> <div class="bar-chart-bar" style="width: 40em;"> <div class="bar-chart-bar-line" style="width:1.1em;"></div>579 </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="bar-chart-caption" colspan="10">The 20 largest economies in the world including eurozone as a single entity, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nominal_GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> (2020) at their peak level of GDP in billions US$. The values for EU members that are not also eurozone members are listed both separately and as part of the EU.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[62]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Inflation">Inflation</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Inflation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HICP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HICP">HICP</a> figures from the ECB, overall index:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[63]</a> <table> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td> <ul> <li>2000: 2.1%</li> <li>2001: 2.3%</li> <li>2002: 2.3%</li> <li>2003: 2.1%</li> <li>2004: 2.1%</li> </ul></td> <td> <ul> <li>2005: 2.2%</li> <li>2006: 2.2%</li> <li>2007: 2.1%</li> <li>2008: 3.3%</li> <li>2009: 0.3%</li> </ul></td> <td> <ul> <li>2010: 1.6%</li> <li>2011: 2.7%</li> <li>2012: 2.5%</li> <li>2013: 1.4%</li> <li>2014: 0.4%</li> </ul></td> <td> <ul> <li>2015: 0.2%</li> <li>2016: 0.2%</li> <li>2017: 1.5%</li> <li>2018: 1.8%</li> <li>2019: 1.2%</li> </ul></td> <td> <ul> <li>2020: 0.3%</li> <li>2021: 2.6%</li> <li>2022: 8.4%</li> <li>2023: 5.4%</li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Interest_rates">Interest rates</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Interest rates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Interest rates for the eurozone, set by the ECB since 1999.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[64]</a> Levels are in percentages per annum. Between June 2000 and October 2008, the main refinancing operations were variable rate tenders, as opposed to fixed rate tenders. The figures indicated in the table from 2000 to 2008 refer to the minimum interest rate at which counterparties may place their bids.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-interest_rates-4">[4]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:ECBrates.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurozone interest rates"> <noscript> <img alt="Eurozone interest rates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/ECBrates.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="341" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 660px;height: 341px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/ECBrates.png" data-alt="Eurozone interest rates" data-width="660" data-height="341" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Public_debt">Public debt</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Public debt" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The following table states the ratio of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_debt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Public debt">public debt</a> to GDP in percent for eurozone countries given by EuroStat.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-teina225-73">[65]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_convergence_criteria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Criteria" title="Euro convergence criteria">euro convergence criterion</a> is to not exceed 60%. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Country</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2008</th> <th>2009</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2012</th> <th>2013</th> <th>2014</th> <th>2015</th> <th>2016</th> <th>2017</th> <th>2018</th> <th>2019</th> <th>2020</th> <th>2021</th> <th>2022<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[66]</a></th> <th>2023<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[67]</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th>Eurozone</th> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">64.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">69.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">80.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">85.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">87.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">91.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">93.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">93.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">91.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">90.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">87.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">85.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">83.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">97.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">95.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">94.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">89.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="16"></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Austria</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">64.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">68.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">79.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">82.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">82.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">81.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">81.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">84.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">84.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">82.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">78.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">74.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">70.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">83.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">82.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">82.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">78.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Belgium</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">87.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">93.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">99.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">100.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">103.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">104.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">105.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">107.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">105.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">105.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">102.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">99.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">97.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">112.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">108.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">108.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">108.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cyprus</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">53.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">45.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">53.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">56.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">65.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">80.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">104.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">109.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">108.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">107.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">97.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">100.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">91.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">115.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">103.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">95.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">79.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Croatia</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">37.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">39.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">48.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">57.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">63.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">69.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">80.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">83.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">83.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">79.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">76.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">73.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">71.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">87.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">79.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">74.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">64.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Estonia</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">3.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">7.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">6.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">5.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">9.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">10.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">10.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">9.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">9.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">9.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">19.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">18.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">16.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">18.2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Finland</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">34.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">32.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">41.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">47.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">48.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">53.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">56.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">59.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">63.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">63.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">61.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">59.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">59.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">69.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">65.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">72.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">73.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">64.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">68.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">79.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">81.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">85.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">90.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">93.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">94.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">95.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">96.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">97.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">98.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">97.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">114.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">112.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">113.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">111.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">63.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">65.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">72.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">81.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">78.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">81.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">78.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">75.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">71.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">68.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">64.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">61.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">58.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">68.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">69.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">67.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">64.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Greece</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">103.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">109.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">126.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">146.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">172.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">161.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">178.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">180.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">176.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">180.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">178.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">181.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">180.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">206.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">193.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">182.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">165.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ireland</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">23.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">42.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">61.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">86.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">109.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">119.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">119.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">104.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">93.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">72.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">68.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">63.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">57.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">58.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">56.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">51.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">43.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">99.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">106.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">112.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">115.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">116.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">126.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">132.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">135.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">132.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">132.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">131.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">134.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">134.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">155.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">150.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">150.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">140.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Latvia</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">18.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">36.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">47.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">42.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">42.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">40.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">41.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">36.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">40.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">40.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">36.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">36.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">43.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">44.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">41.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">41.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lithuania</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">15.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">14.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">29.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">36.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">37.2</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">39.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">38.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">40.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">42.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">40.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">39.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">34.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">35.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">46.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">44.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">39.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">37.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Luxembourg</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">7.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">15.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">16.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">20.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">19.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">22.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">23.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">22.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">21.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">20.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">23.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">21.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">22.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">24.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">24.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">25.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">25.7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Malta</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">62.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">61.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">67.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">67.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">69.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">65.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">65.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">61.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">63.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">57.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">50.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">45.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">40.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">53.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">57.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">55.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">49.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Netherlands</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">42.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">54.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">56.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">59.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">61.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">66.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">67.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">67.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">65.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">61.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">56.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">52.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">48.5</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">54.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">52.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">50.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">45.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Portugal</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">68.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">75.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">83.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">96.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">111.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">129.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">131.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">132.9</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">129.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">130.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">125.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">122.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">116.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">135.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">127.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">123.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">107.5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Slovakia</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">30.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">28.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">41.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">43.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">43.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">51.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">54.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">53.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">52.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">51.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">50.9</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">49.4</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">48.1</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">59.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">63.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">60.3</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">58.6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Slovenia</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">22.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">21.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">36.0</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">40.8</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">46.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">53.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">70.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">80.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">83.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">78.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">73.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">70.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">65.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">79.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">74.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">73.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">71.4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Spain</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">35.6</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">39.7</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">52.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">60.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">69.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">86.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">95.8</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">100.7</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">99.2</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">99.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">98.3</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">97.6</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">95.5</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">120.0</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">118.4</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">116.1</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">109.8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fiscal_policies">Fiscal policies</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Fiscal policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Fiscal_Compact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Fiscal Compact">European Fiscal Compact</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Government_surplus_or_deficit_(EU-USA-UK).png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Government_surplus_or_deficit_%28EU-USA-UK%29.png/220px-Government_surplus_or_deficit_%28EU-USA-UK%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="367"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Government_surplus_or_deficit_%28EU-USA-UK%29.png/220px-Government_surplus_or_deficit_%28EU-USA-UK%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Government_surplus_or_deficit_%28EU-USA-UK%29.png/330px-Government_surplus_or_deficit_%28EU-USA-UK%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Government_surplus_or_deficit_%28EU-USA-UK%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Comparison of government surplus/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_budget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Government budget">deficit</a> (2001–2012) of eurozone, United States and United Kingdom </figcaption> </figure> The primary means for fiscal coordination within the EU lies in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Broad_Economic_Policy_Guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad Economic Policy Guidelines">Broad Economic Policy Guidelines</a> which are written for every member state, but with particular reference to the 20 current members of the eurozone. These guidelines are not binding, but are intended to represent policy coordination among the EU member states, so as to take into account the linked structures of their economies. For their mutual assurance and stability of the currency, members of the eurozone have to respect the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stability_and_Growth_Pact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stability and Growth Pact">Stability and Growth Pact</a>, which sets agreed limits on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_budget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Government budget">deficits</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_debt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="National debt">national debt</a>, with associated sanctions for deviation. The Pact originally set a limit of 3% of GDP for the yearly deficit of all eurozone member states; with fines for any state which exceeded this amount. In 2005, Portugal, Germany, and France had all exceeded this amount, but the Council of Ministers had not voted to fine those states. Subsequently, reforms were adopted to provide more flexibility and ensure that the deficit criteria took into account the economic conditions of the member states, and additional factors. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiscal_Compact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscal Compact">Fiscal Compact</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[68]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EC_ready-77">[69]</a> (formally, the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[70]</a> is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enhanced_cooperation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Related_intergovernmental_treaties" title="Enhanced cooperation">intergovernmental treaty</a> introduced as a new stricter version of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stability_and_Growth_Pact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stability and Growth Pact">Stability and Growth Pact</a>, signed on 2 March 2012 by all <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_states_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the European Union">member states of the European Union</a> (EU), except the Czech Republic, the United Kingdom,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-signed-79">[71]</a> and Croatia (subsequently <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Accession_of_Croatia_to_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Croatia to the European Union">acceding the EU</a> in July 2013). The treaty entered into force on 1 January 2013 for the 16 states which completed ratification prior of this date.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fiscal_Compact_entry_into_force-80">[72]</a> As of 1 April 2014, it had been ratified and entered into force for all 25 signatories. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olivier_Blanchard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olivier Blanchard">Olivier Blanchard</a> suggests that a fiscal union in the eurozone can mitigate devastating effects of the single currency on the eurozone peripheral countries. But he adds that the currency bloc will not work perfectly even if a fiscal transfer system is built, because, he argues, the fundamental issue about competitiveness adjustment is not tackled. The problem is, since the eurozone peripheral countries do not have their own currencies, they are forced to adjust their economies by decreasing their wages instead of devaluation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[73]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Bailout_provisions">Bailout provisions</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bailout provisions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_the_euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Recession_era" title="History of the euro">History of the euro § Recession era</a> </div> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a> prompted a number of reforms in the eurozone. One was a U-turn on the eurozone's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bailout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bailout">bailout</a> policy that led to the creation of a specific fund to assist eurozone states in trouble. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Facility?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Financial Stability Facility">European Financial Stability Facility</a> (EFSF) and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Financial_Stability_Mechanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Financial Stability Mechanism">European Financial Stability Mechanism</a> (EFSM) were created in 2010 to provide, alongside the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF), a system and fund to bail out members. However, the EFSF and EFSM were temporary, small and lacked a basis in the EU treaties. Therefore, it was agreed in 2011 to establish a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Stability_Mechanism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Stability Mechanism">European Stability Mechanism</a> (ESM) which would be much larger, funded only by eurozone states (not the EU as a whole as the EFSF/EFSM were) and would have a permanent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treaties_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treaties of the European Union">treaty basis</a>. As a result of that its creation involved agreeing an amendment to TEFU Article 136 allowing for the ESM and a new ESM treaty to detail how the ESM would operate. If both are successfully ratified according to schedule, the ESM would be operational by the time the EFSF/EFSM expire in mid-2013. In February 2016, the UK secured further confirmation that countries that do not use the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">Euro</a> would not be required to contribute to bailouts for eurozone countries.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[74]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Peer_review">Peer review</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Peer review" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro_Plus_Pact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro Plus Pact">Euro Plus Pact</a> </div> In June 2010, a broad agreement was finally reached on a controversial proposal for member states to peer review each other's budgets prior to their presentation to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_parliaments_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National parliaments of the European Union">national parliaments</a>. Although showing the entire budget to each other was opposed by Germany, Sweden and the UK, each government would present to their peers and the Commission their estimates for growth, inflation, revenue and expenditure levels six months before they go to national parliaments. If a country was to run a deficit, they would have to justify it to the rest of the EU while countries with a debt more than 60% of GDP would face greater scrutiny.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-peer_1-83">[75]</a> The plans would apply to all EU members, not just the eurozone, and have to be approved by EU leaders along with proposals for states to face sanctions before they reach the 3% limit in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stability_and_Growth_Pact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stability and Growth Pact">Stability and Growth Pact</a>. Poland has criticised the idea of withholding regional funding for those who break the deficit limits, as that would only impact the poorer states.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-peer_1-83">[75]</a> In June 2010 France agreed to back Germany's plan for suspending the voting rights of members who breach the rules.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Merkel_Spain-84">[76]</a> In March 2011 was initiated a new reform of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stability_and_Growth_Pact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reform" title="Stability and Growth Pact">Stability and Growth Pact</a> aiming at straightening the rules by adopting an automatic procedure for imposing of penalties in case of breaches of either the deficit or the debt rules.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[77]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[78]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Criticism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Phillips_curve?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Phillips curve">Phillips curve</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nominal_rigidity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nominal rigidity">Nominal rigidity</a> </div> In 1997, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arnulf_Baring?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arnulf Baring">Arnulf Baring</a> expressed concern that the European Monetary Union would make Germans the most hated people in Europe. Baring suspected the possibility that the people in Mediterranean countries would regard Germans and the currency bloc as economic policemen.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WST16Jul2015NAGAB-87">[79]</a> In 2001, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Tobin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Tobin">James Tobin</a> thought that the euro project would not succeed without making drastic changes to European institutions, pointing out the difference between the US and the eurozone.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JT2001EMUd-88">[80]</a> Concerning monetary policies, the system of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federal_Reserve_bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve bank">Federal Reserve banks</a> in the US aims at both growth and reducing unemployment, while the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">ECB</a> tends to give its first priority to price stability under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_Bundesbank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutsche Bundesbank">Bundesbank</a>'s supervision. As the price level of the currency bloc is kept low, the unemployment level of the region has become higher than that of the US since 1982.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JT2001EMUd-88">[80]</a> Concerning fiscal policies, 12% of the US federal budget is used for transfers to states and local governments. The US government does not impose restrictions on state budget policies, whereas the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treaty_of_Maastricht?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Maastricht">Treaty of Maastricht</a> requires each eurozone member country to keep its budget deficit below 3% of its GDP.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-JT2001EMUd-88">[80]</a> In 2008, a study by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alberto_Alesina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alberto Alesina">Alberto Alesina</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincenzo_Galasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vincenzo Galasso">Vincenzo Galasso</a> found that the adoption of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a> promoted <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deregulation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deregulation">market deregulation</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_trade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Free trade">market liberalization</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alesina-89">[81]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Belsie-90">[82]</a> Furthermore, the euro was also linked to wage moderation, as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wage_growth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wage growth">wage growth</a> slowed down in countries that adopted the new currency.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Alesina-89">[81]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oliver_Hart_(economist)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oliver Hart (economist)">Oliver Hart</a>, who received the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a> in 2016, criticized the euro, calling it a "mistake" and emphasising his opposition to monetary union since its inception.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rodri-91">[83]</a> He also expressed opposition to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_integration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European integration">European integration</a>, arguing that the European Union should instead focus on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decentralisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Decentralisation">decentralisation</a> as it has “gone too far in centralising power”.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rodri-91">[83]</a> In 2018, a study based on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Difference_in_differences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Difference in differences">DiD methodology</a> found that the adoption of euro produced no systematic growth effects, as no growth-enhancing effects were found when compared to European economies outside the eurozone.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ioannatos-92">[84]</a> The eurozone has also been criticized for deepening inequality in Europe, particularly between the richest and poorest countries.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kartnitschnig-93">[85]</a> According to a study by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bertelsmann_Stiftung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bertelsmann Stiftung">Bertelsmann Stiftung</a>, countries such as Austria and the Netherlands benefited significantly from the common currency, while southern and eastern European members of the eurozone gained very little,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-reuters1-94">[86]</a> and some countries are considered to have suffered adverse effects from adopting the euro.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stiglitz1-95">[87]</a> In an article for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politico">the Politico</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a> argues: "The result for the eurozone has been slower growth, and especially for the weaker countries within it. The euro was supposed to usher in greater prosperity, which in turn would lead to renewed commitment to European integration. It has done just the opposite — increasing divisions within the EU, especially between creditor and debtor countries."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stiglitz1-95">[87]</a> Matthias Matthijs believes that the euro resulted in a "winner-take-all" economy, as national income differences between eurozone members have widened further.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-matthijs-96">[88]</a> He argues that countries such as Austria and Germany have gained from the eurozone at the expense of southern countries like Italy and Spain.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-matthijs-96">[88]</a> By adopting the euro and abandoning their national currencies, eurozone countries gave up their ability to conduct independent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monetary_policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monetary policy">monetary policy</a>; as such, monetary policies used to combat recession, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stimulus_(economics)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stimulus (economics)">monetary stimulus</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devaluation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devaluation">currency devaluation</a>, are no longer available.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-matthijs-96">[88]</a> During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_debt_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a>, several eurozone countries (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Ireland, Spain, and Cyprus) were unable to repay their debt without third-party intervention by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Copelovitch-97">[89]</a> In order to grant the bailout, the ECB and the IMF forced the affected countries to adopt strict <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austerity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austerity">austerity</a> measures.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-matthijs-96">[88]</a> The European bailouts were largely about shifting exposure from banks onto European taxpayers,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LSEHO_23Mar2012-98">[90]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[91]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100">[92]</a> and exacerbated issues such as high unemployment and poverty.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cavero-101">[93]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[94]</a> In 2019, a study from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre_for_European_Policy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centre for European Policy">Centre for European Policy</a> concluded that while some countries had gained from adopting the euro, several countries were poorer than they would have been had they not adopted it, with France and Italy being particularly affected.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[95]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[96]</a> The publication prompted a large number of reactions, pushing its authors to put out a statement clarifying some points.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[97]</a> In 2020, a study from the University of Bonn reached a different conclusion: the adoption of the euro made “some mild losers (France, Germany, Italy, and Portugal) and a clear winner (Ireland)”.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[98]</a> Both studies used the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Synthetic_control_method?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Synthetic control method">synthetic control method</a> to estimate what might have happened if the euro hadn't been adopted. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style 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<img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/32px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/48px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/64px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:European Union">European Union portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capital_Markets_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capital Markets Union">Capital Markets Union</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_and_Monetary_Union_of_the_European_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union">Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_banking_union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European banking union">European banking union</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Single_Euro_Payments_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Single Euro Payments Area">Single Euro Payments Area</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_acronyms_associated_with_the_eurozone_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of acronyms associated with the eurozone crisis">List of acronyms associated with the eurozone crisis</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_people_associated_with_the_eurozone_crisis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of people associated with the eurozone crisis">List of people associated with the eurozone crisis</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sixpack_(European_Union_law)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixpack (European Union law)">Sixpack (European Union law)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special_territories_of_members_of_the_European_Economic_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special territories of members of the European Economic Area">Special territories of members of the European Economic Area</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Open_Balkan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Craiova_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> The self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognised by the EU and uses the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkish_lira?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a>. However, the euro does circulate widely.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li id="cite_note-CFP_note-24">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CFP_note_24-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CFP_note_24-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CFP_note_24-2">c</a> French Pacific territories use the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CFP_franc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CFP franc">CFP franc</a>, which is pegged to the euro at the rate of 1 franc to 0.00838 euro.</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> The European Union internally uses the code EL for Greece, a deviation from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-1">ISO 3166-1</a> standard.</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> Aruba is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but not of the EU. It uses the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aruban_florin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aruban florin">Aruban florin</a>, which is pegged to the US dollar at the rate of 1  dollar to 1.79 florins.</li> <li id="cite_note-Caribbean_guilder_group=lower-alpha-31">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caribbean_guilder_group=lower-alpha_31-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Caribbean_guilder_group=lower-alpha_31-1">b</a> Currently uses the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netherlands_Antillean_guilder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netherlands Antillean guilder">Netherlands Antillean guilder</a> and is planning to introduce the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caribbean_guilder?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caribbean guilder">Caribbean guilder</a> in 2025, after the change was delayed several times. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.curacaochronicle.com/post/local/cbcs-wants-to-have-the-caribbean-guilder-introduced-by-2025/">"CBCS wants to have the Caribbean guilder introduced by 2025"</a>. Curaçao Chronicle. 16 March 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cura%C3%A7ao+Chronicle&rft.atitle=CBCS+wants+to+have+the+Caribbean+guilder+introduced+by+2025&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.curacaochronicle.com%2Fpost%2Flocal%2Fcbcs-wants-to-have-the-caribbean-guilder-introduced-by-2025%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.centralbank.cw/faq/currency">"Frequent Asked Questions"</a>. Centrale Bank Curaçao & Sint Maarten. Retrieved 2 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centrale+Bank+Cura%C3%A7ao+%26+Sint+Maarten&rft.atitle=Frequent+Asked+Questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralbank.cw%2Ffaq%2Fcurrency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"> Both are pegged to the US dollar at the rate of 1 dollar to 1.79 guilders.</li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> Uses the US dollar.</li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> EZ is not assigned, but is reserved for this purpose, in ISO-3166-1.</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> Includes the population of Croatia, even though it was not a eurozone member in 2021.</li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LAN_LCV_OVW__custom_5171738/default/table?lang%3Den">Land cover overview by NUTS 2 regions</a> Eurostat</li> <li id="cite_note-population_jan_2023-2">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_jan_2023_2-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-population_jan_2023_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00001/default/table?lang%3Den">"Population on 1 January"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+on+1+January&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftps00001%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-europa1-3">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-europa1_3-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-europa1_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tec00001/default/table?lang%3Den">"Gross domestic product at market prices (Current prices and per capita)"</a>. Eurostat. Retrieved 28 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+domestic+product+at+market+prices+%28Current+prices+and+per+capita%29&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftec00001%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-interest_rates-4">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-interest_rates_4-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-interest_rates_4-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ecb.int/stats/monetary/rates/html/index.en.html">Key ECB interest rates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811172454/http://www.ecb.int/stats/monetary/rates/html/index.en.html">Archived</a> 11 August 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ECB</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Inflation_in_the_euro_area">Euro area annual inflation and its main components - estimated</a> Eurostat</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/teilm020/default/table?lang%3Den">Harmonised unemployment rate by gender – total</a> Eurostat</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/interestrates/eurozone-current-account-surplus-falls-in-december-1031207964">"Eurozone Current Account Surplus Falls In December"</a>. 18 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eurozone+Current+Account+Surplus+Falls+In+December&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarkets.businessinsider.com%2Fnews%2Finterestrates%2Feurozone-current-account-surplus-falls-in-december-1031207964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://publications.europa.eu/code/en/en-370300.htm">"Countries, languages, currencies"</a>. Interinstitutional style guide. the EU Publications Office. Retrieved 2 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interinstitutional+style+guide&rft.atitle=Countries%2C+languages%2C+currencies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.europa.eu%2Fcode%2Fen%2Fen-370300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ecb.int/euro/intro/html/map.en.html">The euro area</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806204322/http://www.ecb.int/euro/intro/html/map.en.html">Archived</a> 6 August 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/euro-area/enlargement-euro-area/who-can-join-and-when_en">"Who can join and when?"</a>. European Commission – European Commission. Retrieved 2 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Commission+%E2%80%93+European+Commission&rft.atitle=Who+can+join+and+when%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Finfo%2Fbusiness-economy-euro%2Feuro-area%2Fenlargement-euro-area%2Fwho-can-join-and-when_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-agreements2-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-agreements2_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/economic_and_monetary_affairs/institutional_and_economic_framework/l25040_en.htm">"Agreements on monetary relations (Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican and Andorra)"</a>. European Communities. 30 September 2004. Retrieved 12 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Agreements+on+monetary+relations+%28Monaco%2C+San+Marino%2C+the+Vatican+and+Andorra%29&rft.pub=European+Communities&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Flegislation_summaries%2Feconomic_and_monetary_affairs%2Finstitutional_and_economic_framework%2Fl25040_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-design2-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-design2_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822005234/http://www.andorra-euro.com/en/news1.html">"The government announces a contest for the design of the Andorran euros"</a>. Andorra Mint. 19 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.andorra-euro.com/en/news1.html">the original</a> on 22 August 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+government+announces+a+contest+for+the+design+of+the+Andorran+euros&rft.pub=Andorra+Mint&rft.date=2013-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andorra-euro.com%2Fen%2Fnews1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-amisdeleuro2-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-amisdeleuro2_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004224909/http://www.amisdeleuro.org/news.php?news_id%3D603%26lg%3Dfr">"Nouvelles d'Andorre"</a> (in French). 1 February 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.amisdeleuro.org/news.php?news_id%3D603%26lg%3Dfr">the original</a> on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nouvelles+d%27Andorre&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amisdeleuro.org%2Fnews.php%3Fnews_id%3D603%26lg%3Dfr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-agreements_22-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-agreements_22_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/euro-area/euro/use-euro/euro-outside-euro-area_en">"The euro outside the euro area"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_(web_portal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa (web portal)">Europa (web portal)</a>. Retrieved 15 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+euro+outside+the+euro+area&rft.pub=Europa+%28web+portal%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Finfo%2Fbusiness-economy-euro%2Feuro-area%2Feuro%2Fuse-euro%2Feuro-outside-euro-area_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> A <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ecb.int/home/glossary/html/glosse.en.html">glossary</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514162558/http://www.ecb.int/home/glossary/html/glosse.en.html">Archived</a> 14 May 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) issued by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">ECB</a> defines "euro area", without mention of Monaco, San Marino, or the Vatican.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/91/financial-assistance-to-eu-member-states">"Financial assistance to EU Member States | Fact Sheets on the European Union | European Parliament"</a>. www.europarl.europa.eu. 30 April 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Financial+assistance+to+EU+Member+States+%7C+Fact+Sheets+on+the+European+Union+%7C+European+Parliament&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Ffactsheets%2Fen%2Fsheet%2F91%2Ffinancial-assistance-to-eu-member-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2013" class="citation news cs1">Fox, Benjamin (1 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://euobserver.com/political/118925">"Dutch PM: Eurozone needs exit clause"</a>. EUobserver.com. Retrieved 18 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EUobserver.com&rft.atitle=Dutch+PM%3A+Eurozone+needs+exit+clause&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2Fpolitical%2F118925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.ATLS.CD">"GNI, Atlas method (current US$) | Data | Table (updated 2022-12-22)"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Bulgaria%2C+Croatia+take+vital+step+to+joining+euro&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-eurozone-economy-croatia-bulgaria-idUSKBN24B2JM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDougherty2008" class="citation news cs1">Dougherty, Carter (1 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222184154/http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/12/01/business/euro.php?page%3D1">"Buffeted by financial crisis, countries seek euro's shelter"</a>. International Herald Tribune. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/12/01/business/euro.php?page%3D1">the original</a> on 22 December 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Buffeted+by+financial+crisis%2C+countries+seek+euro%27s+shelter&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Carter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2F2008%2F12%2F01%2Fbusiness%2Feuro.php%3Fpage%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE65F15Z20100616">"Czechs, Poles cooler to euro as they watch debt crisis"</a>. Reuters. 16 June 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Czechs%2C+Poles+cooler+to+euro+as+they+watch+debt+crisis&rft.date=2010-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSLDE65F15Z20100616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-noone-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-noone_49-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://euobserver.com/news/113563">"Brussels: No one can leave the euro"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224165810/https://euobserver.com/news/113563">Archived</a> 24 December 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Leigh Phillips, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EUobserver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EUobserver">EUobserver</a>, 8 September 2011</li> <li id="cite_note-locke-50">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-locke_50-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-locke_50-1">b</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g%3Da92664b9-d267-4347-a59a-6488ab3895fb">The Eurozone crisis – the final stage?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701193837/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g%3Da92664b9-d267-4347-a59a-6488ab3895fb">Archived</a> 1 July 2018 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Charles Proctor, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Locke_Lord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Locke Lord">Locke Lord</a>, 15 May 2012</li> <li id="cite_note-ecblegal-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ecblegal_51-0">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/scplps/ecblwp10.pdf">Withdrawal and Expulsion from the EU and EMU : Some reflections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120184437/http://www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/scplps/ecblwp10.pdf">Archived</a> 20 January 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" by Phoebus Athanassiou, Principal Legal Counsel with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Legal_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Directorate-General for Legal Service">Directorate-General for Legal Service</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">ECB</a>, 2009</li> <li id="cite_note-activ-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-activ_52-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-priorities-2020/news/german-advisory-council-calls-for-exit-option-in-the-eurozone/">"German advisory council calls for exit option in the eurozone"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205105426/https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-priorities-2020/news/german-advisory-council-calls-for-exit-option-in-the-eurozone/">Archived</a> 5 December 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Daniel Tost, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EurActiv?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="EurActiv">EurActiv</a>, 29 July 2015</li> <li id="cite_note-rehn-53">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rehn_53-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rehn_53-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference%3DE-2012-004398%26language%3DEN">Text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114141840/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference%3DE-2012-004398%26language%3DEN">Archived</a> 14 November 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of response by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olli_Rehn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olli Rehn">Olli Rehn</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Economic_and_Monetary_Affairs_and_the_Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro">European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro</a>, on behalf of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Commission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, to question submitted by Claudio Morganti, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a>, 22 June 2012</li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/20121107_morganti.en.pdf">Text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117041132/https://www.ecb.europa.eu/pub/pdf/other/20121107_morganti.en.pdf">Archived</a> 17 November 2020 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of message by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mario_Draghi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mario Draghi">Mario Draghi</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_Central_Bank?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European Central Bank">ECB</a>, to Claudio Morganti, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a>, 6 November 2012</li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> Athanassiou, Phoebus (December 2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/scplps/ecblwp10.pdf">Withdrawal and Expulsion from the EU and EMU, Some Reflections</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120184437/http://www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/scplps/ecblwp10.pdf">Archived</a> 20 January 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF), European Central Bank. Retrieved 8 September 2011</li> <li id="cite_note-phillips-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-phillips_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2011" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Leigh (7 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://euobserver.com/19/113552">"EUobserver / Netherlands: Indebted states must be made 'wards' of the commission or leave euro"</a>. Euobserver.com. Retrieved 20 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EUobserver+%2F+Netherlands%3A+Indebted+states+must+be+made+%27wards%27+of+the+commission+or+leave+euro&rft.pub=Euobserver.com&rft.date=2011-09-07&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Leigh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F19%2F113552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Jens_Dammann-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jens_Dammann_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDammann2012" class="citation journal cs1">Dammann, Jens (10 February 2012). "The Right to Leave the Eurozone". U of Texas Law, Public Law Research Paper. 2013. 48 (2). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id%3D2262873">2262873</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U+of+Texas+Law%2C+Public+Law+Research+Paper&rft.atitle=The+Right+to+Leave+the+Eurozone&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2262873%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Dammann&rft.aufirst=Jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Jens_Dammann2-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Jens_Dammann2_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDammann2015" class="citation journal cs1">Dammann, Jens (26 August 2015). "Paradise Lost: Can the European Union Expel Countries from the Eurozone". Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. 2016. 49 (2). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id%3D2827699">2827699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanderbilt+Journal+of+Transnational+Law&rft.atitle=Paradise+Lost%3A+Can+the+European+Union+Expel+Countries+from+the+Eurozone&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2827699%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Dammann&rft.aufirst=Jens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/12007L/htm/C2007306EN.01004201.htm">Treaty of Lisbon (Provisions specific to member states whose currency is the euro)</a>, EurLex <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327080406/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/12007L/htm/C2007306EN.01004201.htm">Archived</a> 27 March 2009 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-FT_EGE_BG-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FT_EGE_BG_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717135636/http://www.fedtrust.co.uk/admin/uploads/FedT_Economic_Government.pdf">"An economic government for the eurozone?"</a> (PDF). Federal Union. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fedtrust.co.uk/admin/uploads/FedT_Economic_Government.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+economic+government+for+the+eurozone%3F&rft.pub=Federal+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fedtrust.co.uk%2Fadmin%2Fuploads%2FFedT_Economic_Government.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307190231/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri%3DOJ:C:2008:115:0201:0328:EN:PDF">Protocols</a>, Official Journal of the European Union</li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliottWearden2011" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Larry; Wearden, Graeme (17 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/aug/17/angela-merkel-nicolas-sarkozy-summit">"Merkel and Sarkozy push for greater European co-operation"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 30 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Merkel+and+Sarkozy+push+for+greater+European+co-operation&rft.date=2011-08-17&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Wearden%2C+Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2011%2Faug%2F17%2Fangela-merkel-nicolas-sarkozy-summit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Common_IMF-63">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Common_IMF_63-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Common_IMF_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElitsa_Vucheva2008" class="citation web cs1">Elitsa Vucheva (15 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://euobserver.com/9/25984">"Eurozone countries should speak with one voice, Juncker says"</a>. EU Observer. Retrieved 26 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurozone+countries+should+speak+with+one+voice%2C+Juncker+says&rft.pub=EU+Observer&rft.date=2008-04-15&rft.au=Elitsa+Vucheva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuobserver.com%2F9%2F25984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/commission-wants-single-eurozone-seat-at-imf-plan-adopted-by-end-of-mandate">"Commission wants single eurozone seat at IMF plan adopted by end of mandate"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235524/https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/commission-wants-single-eurozone-seat-at-imf-plan-adopted-by-end-of-mandate/">Archived</a> 27 December 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Euractiv, 7 December 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/content/68e0ead0-a3a5-11e7-8d56-98a09be71849">"Macron is right — the eurozone needs a finance minister"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107003553/https://www.ft.com/content/68e0ead0-a3a5-11e7-8d56-98a09be71849">Archived</a> 7 November 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Financial Times, 28 September 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/dec/06/europe-should-have-its-own-minister-of-economy-and-finance-says-ec">Europe should have its own economy and finance minister, says EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235652/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/dec/06/europe-should-have-its-own-minister-of-economy-and-finance-says-ec">Archived</a> 27 December 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, theguardian 6 December 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-eurogroup-budget/large-number-of-eu-finance-ministers-want-euro-zone-budget-dijsselbloem-idUSKBN1D62NS">"Large number of EU finance ministers want euro zone budget: Dijsselbloem"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235530/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-eurogroup-budget/large-number-of-eu-finance-ministers-want-euro-zone-budget-dijsselbloem-idUSKBN1D62NS">Archived</a> 27 December 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Reuters, 6 November 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ft.com/content/afedcb46-5021-11e7-a1f2-db19572361bb">"Spain urges sweeping reforms on eurozone to correct flaws"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235553/https://www.ft.com/content/afedcb46-5021-11e7-a1f2-db19572361bb">Archived</a> 27 December 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Financial Times, 14 June 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c%3D512,914,612,171,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,%26s%3DNGDPD,%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"</a>. www.imf.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D512%2C914%2C612%2C171%2C614%2C311%2C213%2C911%2C314%2C193%2C122%2C912%2C313%2C419%2C513%2C316%2C913%2C124%2C339%2C638%2C514%2C218%2C963%2C616%2C223%2C516%2C918%2C748%2C618%2C624%2C522%2C622%2C156%2C626%2C628%2C228%2C924%2C233%2C632%2C636%2C634%2C238%2C662%2C960%2C423%2C935%2C128%2C611%2C321%2C243%2C248%2C469%2C253%2C642%2C643%2C939%2C734%2C644%2C819%2C172%2C132%2C646%2C648%2C915%2C134%2C652%2C174%2C328%2C258%2C656%2C654%2C336%2C263%2C268%2C532%2C944%2C176%2C534%2C536%2C429%2C433%2C178%2C436%2C136%2C343%2C158%2C439%2C916%2C664%2C826%2C542%2C967%2C443%2C917%2C544%2C941%2C446%2C666%2C668%2C672%2C946%2C137%2C546%2C674%2C676%2C548%2C556%2C678%2C181%2C867%2C682%2C684%2C273%2C868%2C921%2C948%2C943%2C686%2C688%2C518%2C728%2C836%2C558%2C138%2C196%2C278%2C692%2C694%2C962%2C142%2C449%2C564%2C565%2C283%2C853%2C288%2C293%2C566%2C964%2C182%2C359%2C453%2C968%2C922%2C714%2C862%2C135%2C716%2C456%2C722%2C942%2C718%2C724%2C576%2C936%2C961%2C813%2C726%2C199%2C733%2C184%2C524%2C361%2C362%2C364%2C732%2C366%2C144%2C146%2C463%2C528%2C923%2C738%2C578%2C537%2C742%2C866%2C369%2C744%2C186%2C925%2C869%2C746%2C926%2C466%2C112%2C111%2C298%2C927%2C846%2C299%2C582%2C487%2C474%2C754%2C698%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2C%26sy%3D2021%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a> Figures from the October 2020 update of the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c%3D512,914,612,614,311,213,911,314,193,122,912,313,419,513,316,913,124,339,638,514,218,963,616,223,516,918,748,618,624,522,622,156,626,628,228,924,233,632,636,634,238,662,960,423,935,128,611,321,243,248,469,253,642,643,939,734,644,819,172,132,646,648,915,134,652,174,328,258,656,654,336,263,268,532,944,176,534,536,429,433,178,436,136,343,158,439,916,664,826,542,967,443,917,544,941,446,666,668,672,946,137,546,674,676,548,556,678,181,867,682,684,273,868,921,948,943,686,688,518,728,836,558,138,196,278,692,694,962,142,449,564,565,283,853,288,293,566,964,182,359,453,968,922,714,862,135,716,456,722,942,718,724,576,936,961,813,726,199,733,184,524,361,362,364,732,366,144,146,463,528,923,738,578,537,742,866,369,744,186,925,869,746,926,466,112,111,298,927,846,299,582,487,474,754,698,%26s%3DNGDPD,%26sy%3D2018%26ey%3D2020%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120233035/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October/weo-report?c%3D512%252C914%252C612%252C614%252C311%252C213%252C911%252C314%252C193%252C122%252C912%252C313%252C419%252C513%252C316%252C913%252C124%252C339%252C638%252C514%252C218%252C963%252C616%252C223%252C516%252C918%252C748%252C618%252C624%252C522%252C622%252C156%252C626%252C628%252C228%252C924%252C233%252C632%252C636%252C634%252C238%252C662%252C960%252C423%252C935%252C128%252C611%252C321%252C243%252C248%252C469%252C253%252C642%252C643%252C939%252C734%252C644%252C819%252C172%252C132%252C646%252C648%252C915%252C134%252C652%252C174%252C328%252C258%252C656%252C654%252C336%252C263%252C268%252C532%252C944%252C176%252C534%252C536%252C429%252C433%252C178%252C436%252C136%252C343%252C158%252C439%252C916%252C664%252C826%252C542%252C967%252C443%252C917%252C544%252C941%252C446%252C666%252C668%252C672%252C946%252C137%252C546%252C674%252C676%252C548%252C556%252C678%252C181%252C867%252C682%252C684%252C273%252C868%252C921%252C948%252C943%252C686%252C688%252C518%252C728%252C836%252C558%252C138%252C196%252C278%252C692%252C694%252C962%252C142%252C449%252C564%252C565%252C283%252C853%252C288%252C293%252C566%252C964%252C182%252C359%252C453%252C968%252C922%252C714%252C862%252C135%252C716%252C456%252C722%252C942%252C718%252C724%252C576%252C936%252C961%252C813%252C726%252C199%252C733%252C184%252C524%252C361%252C362%252C364%252C732%252C366%252C144%252C146%252C463%252C528%252C923%252C738%252C578%252C537%252C742%252C866%252C369%252C744%252C186%252C925%252C869%252C746%252C926%252C466%252C112%252C111%252C298%252C927%252C846%252C299%252C582%252C487%252C474%252C754%252C698%252C%26s%3DNGDPD%252C%26sy%3D2018%26ey%3D2020%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">Archived</a> 20 January 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sdw.ecb.europa.eu/quickview.do?SERIES_KEY%3D122.ICP.A.U2.N.000000.4.AVR">"Annual average rate of change, neither seasonally nor working day adjusted"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006021840/https://sdw.ecb.europa.eu/quickview.do?SERIES_KEY%3D122.ICP.A.U2.N.000000.4.AVR">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+average+rate+of+change%2C+neither+seasonally+nor+working+day+adjusted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsdw.ecb.europa.eu%2Fquickview.do%3FSERIES_KEY%3D122.ICP.A.U2.N.000000.4.AVR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/key_ecb_interest_rates/html/index.en.html">"Official interest rates"</a>. European Central Bank. 8 June 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Central+Bank&rft.atitle=Official+interest+rates&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecb.europa.eu%2Fstats%2Fpolicy_and_exchange_rates%2Fkey_ecb_interest_rates%2Fhtml%2Findex.en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-teina225-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-teina225_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/teina225/default/table?lang%3Den">"General government gross debt – annual data (table code: teina225)"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. 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Retrieved 2 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eurosystem+debts%2C+Greece%2C+and+the+role+of+banknotes&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lums.lancs.ac.uk%2Ffiles%2F23558.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-cavero-101"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cavero_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaveroCortés2013" class="citation journal cs1">Cavero, Gonzalo; Cortés, Irene Martín (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www-cdn.oxfam.org/s3fs-public/file_attachments/cs-true-cost-austerity-inequality-greece-120913-en_0.pdf">"The true cost of austerity and inequality: Greece Case Study"</a> (PDF). 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Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809020647/https://www.forbes.com/sites/francescoppola/2018/08/31/the-terrible-human-cost-of-greeces-bailouts/?sh%3D2b3ad6af4b31">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+Terrible+Human+Cost+Of+Greece%27s+Bailouts&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft.aulast=Coppola&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ffrancescoppola%2F2018%2F08%2F31%2Fthe-terrible-human-cost-of-greeces-bailouts%2F%3Fsh%3D3e368e634b31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">^</a> Nicole Ng, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://p.dw.com/p/3E2fQ">"CEP study: Germans gain most from euro introduction"</a>, Deutsche Welle, 25 February 2019, accessed 05/03/19.</li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasparottiKullas2019" class="citation web cs1">Gasparotti, Alessandro; Kullas, Matthias (February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cep.eu/Studien/20_Jahre_Euro_-_Gewinner_und_Verlierer/cepStudy_20_years_Euro_-_Winners_and_Losers.pdf">"20 Years of the Euro: Winners and Losers"</a> (PDF). cepStudy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119003917/https://www.cep.eu/Studien/20_Jahre_Euro_-_Gewinner_und_Verlierer/cepStudy_20_years_Euro_-_Winners_and_Losers.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20+Years+of+the+Euro%3A+Winners+and+Losers&rft.pub=cepStudy&rft.date=2019-02&rft.aulast=Gasparotti&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rft.au=Kullas%2C+Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cep.eu%2FStudien%2F20_Jahre_Euro_-_Gewinner_und_Verlierer%2FcepStudy_20_years_Euro_-_Winners_and_Losers.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cep.eu/en/cep-news-archive/article/statement-on-reactions-to-the-study-20-years-of-euro.html">"Statement on reactions to the study 20 years of euro"</a>. Centrum für europäische Politik. 19 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131095656/https://www.cep.eu/en/cep-news-archive/article/statement-on-reactions-to-the-study-20-years-of-euro.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centrum+f%C3%BCr+europ%C3%A4ische+Politik&rft.atitle=Statement+on+reactions+to+the+study+20+years+of+euro&rft.date=2022-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cep.eu%2Fen%2Fcep-news-archive%2Farticle%2Fstatement-on-reactions-to-the-study-20-years-of-euro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurozone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabrielPessoa2020" class="citation journal cs1">Gabriel, Ricardo Duque; Pessoa, Ana Sofia (1 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2139%252Fssrn.3563044">"Adopting the Euro: A Synthetic Control Approach"</a>. SSRN. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2139%252Fssrn.3563044">10.2139/ssrn.3563044</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219969338">219969338</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id%3D3563044">3563044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SSRN&rft.atitle=Adopting+the+Euro%3A+A+Synthetic+Control+Approach&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219969338%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D3563044%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.3563044&rft.aulast=Gabriel&rft.aufirst=Ricardo+Duque&rft.au=Pessoa%2C+Ana+Sofia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2139%252Fssrn.3563044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEurozone" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" 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footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B7%25D9%2582%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588" title="منطقة اليورو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منطقة اليورو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_er%25C3%25B4" title="Zona erô – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Zona erô" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avrozona" title="Avrozona – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avrozona" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258B_%25E0%25A6%2585%25E0%25A6%259E%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259A%25E0%25A6%25B2" title="ইউরো অঞ্চল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইউরো অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Еўразона – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Еўразона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Эўразона – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эўразона" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Еврозона – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Еврозона" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_euro" title="Zona euro – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zona euro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroz%25C3%25B3na" title="Eurozóna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Eurozóna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardal_yr_ewro" title="Ardal yr ewro – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ardal yr ewro" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozonen" title="Eurozonen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Eurozonen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eurozone" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroala" title="Euroala – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Euroala" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2595%25CF%2585%25CF%2581%25CF%2589%25CE%25B6%25CF%258E%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B7" title="Ευρωζώνη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ευρωζώνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%25C5%25ADrozono" title="Eŭrozono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Eŭrozono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_Euru" title="Zona Euru – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Zona Euru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurogunea" title="Eurogunea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eurogunea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B7%25D9%2582%25D9%2587_%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588" title="منطقه یورو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منطقه یورو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_euro" title="Zone euro – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zone euro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euros%25C3%25B4ne" title="Eurosône – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Eurosône" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_dal_Euro" title="Zone dal Euro – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Zone dal Euro" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limist%25C3%25A9ar_an_euro" title="Limistéar an euro – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Limistéar an euro" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259C%25A0%25EB%25A1%259C%25EC%25A1%25B4" title="유로존 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유로존" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B5%25D5%25BE%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A3%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AB" title="Եվրագոտի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Եվրագոտի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="यूरोक्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यूरोक्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_euro" title="Zona euro – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zona euro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25C3%25A6" title="Еврозонæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Еврозонæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evrusv%25C3%25A6%25C3%25B0i%25C3%25B0" title="Evrusvæðið – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Evrusvæðið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_euro" title="Zona euro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zona euro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2592%25D7%2595%25D7%25A9_%25D7%2594%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595" title="גוש האירו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גוש האירו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laladan_%25C3%25A9uro" title="Laladan éuro – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Laladan éuro" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590" title="ევროზონა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ევროზონა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D2%259B" title="Еуроаймақ – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Еуроаймақ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirozona" title="Eirozona – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Eirozona" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirozona" title="Eirozona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Eirozona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozon" title="Eurozon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Eurozon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_zona" title="Euro zona – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Euro zona" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Eurozone" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur%25C3%25B3z%25C3%25B3na" title="Eurózóna – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Eurózóna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Еврозона – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Еврозона" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faritra_euro" title="Faritra euro – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Faritra euro" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2582%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B5%25BA" title="യൂറോസോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂറോസോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0" title="युरोक्षेत्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="युरोक्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25B7%25D9%2582%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588" title="منطقة اليورو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منطقة اليورو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zon_euro" title="Zon euro – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Zon euro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eurozone" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="युरोजोन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="युरोजोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25A6%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%25AD%25E5%259C%258F" title="ユーロ圏 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ユーロ圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euror%25C3%25BCm" title="Eurorüm – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eurorüm" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosonen" title="Eurosonen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Eurosonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosona" title="Eurosona – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Eurosona" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259Broz%25C3%25B4ne" title="Ûrozône – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ûrozône" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_%25C3%2588uro" title="Zona Èuro – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zona Èuro" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevro_hudud" title="Yevro hudud – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yevro hudud" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_euro" title="Strefa euro – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strefa euro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_Euro" title="Zona Euro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zona Euro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_euro" title="Zona euro – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zona euro" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Еврозона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Еврозона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25AD%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Эурозона – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эурозона" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Eurozone" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro-Soone" title="Euro-Soone – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Euro-Soone" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euruzzona" title="Euruzzona – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Euruzzona" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eurozone" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroz%25C3%25B3na" title="Eurozóna – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Eurozóna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evroobmo%25C4%258Dje" title="Evroobmočje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Evroobmočje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25DA%2586%25DB%2595%25DB%258C_%25DB%258C%25DB%2586%25D8%25B1%25DB%2586" title="ناوچەی یۆرۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناوچەی یۆرۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Еврозона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еврозона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozona" title="Eurozona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Eurozona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroalue" title="Euroalue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Euroalue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroomr%25C3%25A5det" title="Euroområdet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Euroområdet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2590%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AF%258B_%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="ஐரோ வலயம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐரோ வலயம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B9%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%2599" title="ยูโรโซน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูโรโซน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro_b%25C3%25B6lgesi" title="Euro bölgesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Euro bölgesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2584%25D0%25B2%25D1%2580%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0" title="Єврозона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єврозона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_de_l%2527Euro" title="Zona de l'Euro – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zona de l'Euro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khu_v%25E1%25BB%25B1c_%25C4%2591%25E1%25BB%2593ng_euro" title="Khu vực đồng euro – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khu vực đồng euro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AC%25A7%25E5%2585%2583%25E5%258C%25BA" title="欧元区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欧元区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%25A8%25D7%2590%25D7%2596%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A2" title="אייראזאנע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייראזאנע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AD%2590%25E5%2585%2583%25E5%258D%2580" title="歐元區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="歐元區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25AC%25A7%25E5%2585%2583%25E5%258C%25BA" title="欧元区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="欧元区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 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