CINXE.COM
The Communications Act of 1934 | Bureau of Justice Assistance
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/fonts/roboto/Roboto-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/fonts/roboto/Roboto-Bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/fonts/roboto/Roboto-Italic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/fonts/roboto/Roboto-BlackItalic.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/fonts/merriweather/Latin-Merriweather-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="" /> <link rel="preload" href="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/fonts/merriweather/Latin-Merriweather-Bold.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="" /> <noscript><style>form.antibot * :not(.antibot-message) { display: none !important; }</style> </noscript><meta name="description" content="Find the history and background of The Communications Act of 1934 and how it relates to work in the ISE." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288" /> <meta name="google" content="4PLVTsyCm3--uca8rMAYrsLAAEJtRBtpZWm-kh9pr0g" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Bureau of Justice Assistance" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Communications Act of 1934 | Bureau of Justice Assistance" /> <meta property="og:description" content="BackgroundThe Communications Act of 1934 combined and organized federal regulation of telephone, telegraph, and radio communications. The Act created the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to oversee and regulate these industries. The Act is updated periodically to add provisions governing new communications technologies, such as broadcast, cable and satellite television." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://bja.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/styles/max_size/public/images/2020-10/TWCard.png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="BackgroundThe Communications Act of 1934 combined and organized federal regulation of telephone, telegraph, and radio communications. The Act created the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to oversee and regulate these industries. The Act is updated periodically to add provisions governing new communications technologies, such as broadcast, cable and satellite television." /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Communications Act of 1934 | Bureau of Justice Assistance" /> <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://bja.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/styles/max_size/public/images/2020-10/TWCard.png" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="4PLVTsyCm3--uca8rMAYrsLAAEJtRBtpZWm-kh9pr0g" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/favicon.png" type="image/png" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288" /> <title>The Communications Act of 1934 | Bureau of Justice Assistance</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/css/css_5fQp8Fpsx6FY7BIRFXawJNvm66RqIMoV7n86qNyPTGU.css?delta=0&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjw1uwzAIhS_kjCNZGLOWhJjKOE29089LU62bENL3np74oYWzNKtRSubSkhot8MbBuzdeIaFzIEX3Diu744U9kFWGYnVFlS8ONt9gdOBHUykL5LrdUD9O-UyfHs74-MlHOvfDCyISjfmSRKX1I5OxjUrKDr8YFLttLWZxsjvXDlaYTF9-2kQzV2i7DTc6UxMrf444Bl0ZRyxkm6NfsUq5wBuHNGNc7R53Tp_jUfinj58z1mVKuvFEZvokLHnqrGr7N4_bisg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/css/css_wLRk8s3IeNswsT0LuMCI9kS71SD6mzXZ5jm-ume4VRE.css?delta=1&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjw1uwzAIhS_kjCNZGLOWhJjKOE29089LU62bENL3np74oYWzNKtRSubSkhot8MbBuzdeIaFzIEX3Diu744U9kFWGYnVFlS8ONt9gdOBHUykL5LrdUD9O-UyfHs74-MlHOvfDCyISjfmSRKX1I5OxjUrKDr8YFLttLWZxsjvXDlaYTF9-2kQzV2i7DTc6UxMrf444Bl0ZRyxkm6NfsUq5wBuHNGNc7R53Tp_jUfinj58z1mVKuvFEZvokLHnqrGr7N4_bisg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/css/css_zaWqDIiiAq3bj1cSVYw76mU6NL9WZavjEORQRQqTgYI.css?delta=2&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjw1uwzAIhS_kjCNZGLOWhJjKOE29089LU62bENL3np74oYWzNKtRSubSkhot8MbBuzdeIaFzIEX3Diu744U9kFWGYnVFlS8ONt9gdOBHUykL5LrdUD9O-UyfHs74-MlHOvfDCyISjfmSRKX1I5OxjUrKDr8YFLttLWZxsjvXDlaYTF9-2kQzV2i7DTc6UxMrf444Bl0ZRyxkm6NfsUq5wBuHNGNc7R53Tp_jUfinj58z1mVKuvFEZvokLHnqrGr7N4_bisg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/css/css_zxEGTDXeP9ngdNso24-Bomoquys4mkHkVPDlu-SLlg8.css?delta=3&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjw1uwzAIhS_kjCNZGLOWhJjKOE29089LU62bENL3np74oYWzNKtRSubSkhot8MbBuzdeIaFzIEX3Diu744U9kFWGYnVFlS8ONt9gdOBHUykL5LrdUD9O-UyfHs74-MlHOvfDCyISjfmSRKX1I5OxjUrKDr8YFLttLWZxsjvXDlaYTF9-2kQzV2i7DTc6UxMrf444Bl0ZRyxkm6NfsUq5wBuHNGNc7R53Tp_jUfinj58z1mVKuvFEZvokLHnqrGr7N4_bisg" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/css/css_s4eEvlRa5dkdSacOR9TH0Fv8CCQRH8liVJRAE0GU-Pk.css?delta=4&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjw1uwzAIhS_kjCNZGLOWhJjKOE29089LU62bENL3np74oYWzNKtRSubSkhot8MbBuzdeIaFzIEX3Diu744U9kFWGYnVFlS8ONt9gdOBHUykL5LrdUD9O-UyfHs74-MlHOvfDCyISjfmSRKX1I5OxjUrKDr8YFLttLWZxsjvXDlaYTF9-2kQzV2i7DTc6UxMrf444Bl0ZRyxkm6NfsUq5wBuHNGNc7R53Tp_jUfinj58z1mVKuvFEZvokLHnqrGr7N4_bisg" /> </head> <body class="page-with-hero path-node page-node-type-landing-page"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T33PKX2" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official government website"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.</p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true">Here's how you know</p> </div> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here's how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner" hidden> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong> <br> A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong> <br> A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title-default banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false"><title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title><desc id="banner-lock-description-default">A locked padlock</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/></svg></span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <header class="usa-header usa-header--extended" id="header"> <div class="usa-navbar"> <button class="usa-menu-btn usa-button">Menu</button> <div class="region region-header"> <div class="usa-logo" id="logo"> <div class="ojp-seal"> <a href="https://www.ojp.gov" accesskey="1" title="Office of Justice Programs" aria-label="Office of Justice Programs"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/OJP-seal.svg" alt="Office of Justice Programs seal" height="98" width="98" /> </a> </div> <div class="ojp-office-logo"> <a href="/" accesskey="2" title="Home" aria-label="Home"> <img src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/BJA_40th_logo_text_below_100x100_0.svg?v=1" alt="Home" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <nav class="usa-nav" aria-label="site navigation"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button class="usa-nav__close"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/close-white.svg" alt="close" /> </button> <div class="region region-primary-menu"> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion" aria-label="primary navigation"> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item" > <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-1"> <span>About</span> </button> <ul id="extended-nav-section-1" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/about"> <span>About</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/about/director" class="link"> <span class="">Director</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/about/bja-careers" class="link"> <span class="">Careers</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/about/staff" class="link"> <span class="">Staff List</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item" > <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-2"> <span>News</span> </button> <ul id="extended-nav-section-2" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news"> <span>News</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news/announcements" class="link"> <span class="">Announcements</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news/blog" class="link"> <span class="">Blog Posts</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news/feature-stories" class="link"> <span class="">Feature Stories</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.ojp.gov/news/for-media" class="link"> <span class="">For Media</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news/justice-matters" class="link"> <span class="">Justice Matters Newsletter</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/podcast" class="link"> <span class="">Justice Today Podcast</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news/press-releases" class="link"> <span class="">Press Releases</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news/success-spotlight" class="link"> <span class="">Success Spotlight</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item" > <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-3"> <span>Topics</span> </button> <ul id="extended-nav-section-3" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics"> <span>Topics</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/corrections" class="link"> <span class="">Corrections & Reentry</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/courts" class="link"> <span class="">Courts</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/drugs-substance-use" class="link"> <span class="">Drugs & Substance Use</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/forensic-sciences" class="link"> <span class="">Forensic Sciences</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/hate-crime" class="link"> <span class="">Hate Crime</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/law-enforcement" class="link"> <span class="">Law Enforcement</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/mental-health" class="link"> <span class="">Mental Health</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/tribal-justice" class="link"> <span class="">Tribal Justice</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/topics/violent-crime" class="link"> <span class="">Violent Crime</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item" > <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-4"> <span>Programs & Initiatives</span> </button> <ul id="extended-nav-section-4" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/programs-initiatives"> <span>Programs & Initiatives</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/program/list" class="link"> <span class="">List of Programs</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/program/recognizing-bravery-sacrifice" class="link"> <span class="">Recognizing Bravery & Sacrifice</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/toolkits" class="link"> <span class="">Toolkits</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/training-technical-assistance" class="link"> <span class="">Training & Technical Assistance</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/program/it" class="link usa-current"> <span class=" usa-current-border">Justice Information Sharing</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/program/psob" class="link"> <span class="">Public Safety Officers' Benefits Program</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item" > <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-5"> <span>Funding & Awards</span> </button> <ul id="extended-nav-section-5" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding"> <span>Funding & Awards</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/current" class="link"> <span class="">Available Funding</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/expired" class="link"> <span class="">Past Funding</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/awards/list" class="link"> <span class="">Funding Awards</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/peer-review" class="link"> <span class="">Peer Review</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/successful-applications" class="link"> <span class="">Successful Applications</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/nepa-guidance" class="link"> <span class="">NEPA Guidance</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/performance-measures/overview" class="link"> <span class="">Performance Measures</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/funding/real-property" class="link"> <span class="">Real Property Reporting</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item" > <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-6"> <span>Library & Multimedia</span> </button> <ul id="extended-nav-section-6" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/library"> <span>Library & Multimedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/library/publications/list" class="link"> <span class="">Publications</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/library/multimedia/list" class="link"> <span class="">Multimedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/library/communications-guidance" class="link"> <span class="">Communications Guidance</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-nav__primary-item" > <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="extended-nav-section-7"> <span>Events</span> </button> <ul id="extended-nav-section-7" class="usa-nav__submenu" hidden> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/events"> <span>Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/events/upcoming" class="link"> <span class="">Upcoming Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/events/on-demand" class="link"> <span class="">On-Demand Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/events/funding-webinars" class="link"> <span class="">Funding Webinars</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="region region-secondary-menu"> <div class="usa-nav__secondary"> <ul class="usa-nav__secondary-links"> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/about"> About </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/subscribe"> Subscribe </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <a href="/contact-us"> Contact Us </a> </li> <li class="usa-nav__secondary-item"> <div class="doj-sharing"> <button id="doj-sharing-toggle" class="doj-sharing__toggle" tabindex="0" title="Choose a social sharing platform" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="doj-sharing-links" aria-expanded="false">Share</button> <ul id="doj-sharing-links" class="doj-sharing__list" tabindex="0" aria-label="Choose a social sharing platform"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288" title="Share on Facebook" data-event-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank">Facebook</a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A//bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288&text=The%20Communications%20Act%20of%201934" title="Share on X" data-event-label="Share on X" target="_blank">X</a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A//bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288&title=The%20Communications%20Act%20of%201934" title="Share on LinkedIn" data-event-label="Share on LinkedIn" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li><li><a href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A//bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288&title=The%20Communications%20Act%20of%201934" title="Share on Reddit" data-event-label="Share on Reddit" target="_blank">Reddit</a></li><li><a href="https://pinterest.com/pin/create/button?url=https%3A//bja.ojp.gov/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288&media=https%3A//bja.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/styles/max_size/public/images/2020-10/TWCard.png&description=The%20Communications%20Act%20of%201934" title="Share on Pinterest" data-event-label="Share on Pinterest" target="_blank">Pinterest</a></li><li><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#efd08d808b96d2879b9b9f9ccadcaec0c08d858ec180859fc1888099c09f9d80889d8e82c0869bc09f9d86998e8c96c28c86998683c283868d8a9d9b868a9cc08e9a9b87809d869b868a9cc09c9b8e9b9a9b8a9cc0deddd7d7c98e829fd49c9a8d858a8c9bd2bb878acadddfac8082829a81868c8e9b8680819ccadddfae8c9bcadddf8089cadddfded6dcdb" title="Share on Email" data-event-label="Share on Email">Email</a></li></ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="block-ojp-searchblock" data-block-plugin-id="ojp_search_block" class="block block-ojp-search block-ojp-search-block"> <div class="usa-search usa-search--small"> <div role="search"> <div data-gname="ojp-search" data-queryParameterName="keys" class="gcse-searchbox-only" data-resultsUrl="/search/results"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="region region-breadcrumb"> <div id="block-ojp-breadcrumbs" data-block-plugin-id="system_breadcrumb_block" class="block block-system block-system-breadcrumb-block"> <nav id="system-breadcrumb" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol class="add-list-reset uswds-breadcrumbs uswds-horizontal-list"> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/program/it">Justice Information Sharing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties">Privacy and Civil Liberties</a> </li> <li> <a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities">Federal Authorities</a> </li> <li> <a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes">Statutes</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="clearfix" aria-label="hero"> <div class="region region-hero"> <div class="hero hero--background_short hero--primary"> <div class="hero-container"> <div class="hero__background_short-container clearfix"> <div class="hero__text-container "> <h1 class="hero__title">The Communications Act of 1934</h1> <div class="hero__subtitle">Justice Information Sharing</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hero__background-image" style="background: url(/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/styles/hero_background/public/images/2020-10/hero2.png?itok=XlF49toz) no-repeat center center; background-size: cover;"> <div class="hero__background-image__overlay "></div> </div> </div> <div class="hero__image-credit grid-container">gonin / shutterstock.com (<a href="/reuse-policy">see reuse policy</a>).</div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-section uswds-middle-section " aria-label="primary content"> <div class="grid-container "> <div class="grid-col-fill"> <div class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <main class="uswds-main-content-wrapper grid-container "> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class = "grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="region-content tablet:grid-col-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-ojp-content" data-block-plugin-id="system_main_block" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article> <div> <div class="layout--node-landing_page layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div data-block-plugin-id="inline_block:text" data-inline-block-uuid="3682fa8c-e299-42f1-ad3d-515f638d38f5" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blocktext cta" > <div> <h3 class="cta__headline">MENU</h3> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden long-text"><div aria-label="accordion-group" class="usa-accordion"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="itqjsm" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">Justice Information Sharing</button></h2> <div class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose ui-widget-content" id="itqjsm"> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="96f07849-2aef-4df9-9415-a05c98f97ac6" href="/program/it" title="Justice Information Sharing">Home</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="04b8af68-ca79-461a-9696-abbdaced4a32" href="/program/it/global" title="Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative (Global)">Global Justice</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="efe89914-6ab9-434b-a987-e90d5d0b9386" href="/program/it/about-gist" title="Global Information Sharing Toolkit (GIST)">Global Information Sharing Toolkit</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="5d57a619-a496-49c9-9ddd-a797f54bec7b" href="/program/it/national-initiatives" title="National Initiatives">National Initiatives</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="55af3cde-0457-46ad-a333-1e9517cfc94e" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties" title="Privacy and Civil Liberties">Privacy and Civil Liberties</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="47336e43-1144-49ff-bb5d-d2c355c6fcb1" href="/program/it/policy-implementation" title="Policy and Implementation">Policy and Implementation</a></strong></p> </div> </div> <p><strong>JUMP TO</strong></p> <div aria-label="accordion-group" class="usa-accordion"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="14rkti" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">Privacy and Civil Liberties Resources</button></h2> <div class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose ui-widget-content" id="14rkti"> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e8032c95-02b0-4f89-8e6d-9bedfb44814e" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/training-toolkit" title="Training Toolkit">Training Toolkit</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="2ab58506-6ca0-4028-9bf7-6dcedad4bdec" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/guides" title="Privacy and Civil Liberties Guides and Templates">Privacy and Civil Liberties Guides and Templates</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="74d5b0fd-2d62-4734-9ad1-4778a16bae4b" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities" title="Federal Authorities">Federal Authorities</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0e1539fc-57f7-4b62-ae62-bb9fd4bb7cc0" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/reports-research" title="Reports and Research">Reports and Research</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="d6131b5d-fc02-4028-9d7f-a86d7efd70ce" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/agencies-org" title="Agencies and Organizations">Agencies and Organizations</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="1247b2fa-d5aa-4ead-811e-4741a71d2b0b" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/biometric" title="Biometric Privacy Resources">Biometric Privacy Resources</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="a25957d2-a2cf-4144-987c-18cf0c968245" href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/terms" title="Commonly Used Terms">Commonly Used Terms</a></strong></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="inline_block:text" data-inline-block-uuid="a9aecd13-ced5-488a-9e72-4b8eccacae9c" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blocktext"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden long-text"><h2>The Communications Act of 1934, <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/151" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">47 U.S.C. § 151 <em>et seq.</em></a></h2></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="inline_block:text" data-inline-block-uuid="dd4fe37a-6271-494d-814b-3c7ecb69883c" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blocktext"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden long-text"><div aria-label="accordion-group" class="usa-accordion"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="v5wwq" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">View Federal Statutes</button></h2> <div class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose ui-widget-content" id="v5wwq"> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1279">Privacy Act of 1974</a></strong><br> - <a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1279#comp">Computer Matching and Privacy Act of 1998</a></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1280">The National Security Act of 1947</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1281">USA PATRIOT Act</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1282">Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1283">9/11 Commission Act</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1284">Wiretap Act</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1285">Electronic Communications Privacy Act</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1286">The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1287">E-Government Act of 2002</a></strong><br> - <a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1287#fisma">Federal Information Security Management Act</a></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1288">The Communications Act of 1934</a></strong></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1289">Paperwork Reduction Act</a></strong><br> - <a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/1289#fdqa">Information Quality Act</a></p> <p><strong><a href="/program/it/privacy-civil-liberties/authorities/statutes/2349">Fair Credit Reporting Act</a></strong></p> </div> </div></div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="field_block:node:landing_page:body" class="block--body block block-layout-builder block-field-blocknodelanding-pagebody"> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field__label visually-hidden">Description</div> <div class="field__item"><h3><strong>Background</strong></h3><p>The Communications Act of 1934 combined and organized federal regulation of telephone, telegraph, and radio communications. The Act created the <a href="https://www.fcc.gov/" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) to oversee and regulate these industries. The Act is updated periodically to add provisions governing new communications technologies, such as broadcast, cable and satellite television.</p><h3><strong>General Provisions</strong></h3><p>The Communications Act, as amended, is an expansive statue regulating U.S. telephone, telegraph, television, and radio communications. Its seven subchapters regulate virtually all aspects of the communications and broadcasting industry, including assignment of frequencies, rates and fees, standards, competition, terms of subscriber access, commercials, broadcasting in the public interest, government use of communications systems. The Act also provides for more detailed regulation and oversight via the establishment of the FCC.</p><p>Of particular interest to the national security, law enforcement, and intelligence communities, the Act:</p><ul><li>Requires that common carriers establish procedures to ensure “appropriate authorization to activate interception of communications or access to call-identifying information” and prevent unauthorized interception or access, and “to maintain secure and accurate records of any interception or access with or without such authorization,” <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/229" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">47 U.S.C. § 229</a>; and<br> </li><li>Allows the President to suspend or amend rules and regulations upon proclamation “that there exists a war or a threat of a war or state of public peril or disaster or other national emergency or if he deems it necessary in the interests of national security or defense.” The President may prioritize defense or security communications, authorize government use or control of communications facilities, and suspend or amend “rules and regulations applicable to any or all stations or devices capable of emitting electromagnetic radiations.” <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/606" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">47 U.S.C. § 606 (c), (d)</a>.</li></ul><h3><strong>Amendments</strong></h3><p>The Communications Act has been amended by many acts of Congress since 1934, most extensively by the <a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-104s652enr/pdf/BILLS-104s652enr.pdf" title="This link opens an Adobe PDF file from another Web site.">Telecommunications Act of 1996</a>. Amendments of particular interest to the national security, law enforcement, and intelligence communities were made by the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (<a href="https://www.fcc.gov/calea" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">CALEA</a>) and the <a href="https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ56/PLAW-107publ56.htm">USA PATRIOT Act</a>.</p><h3><strong>Privacy and Other Civil Liberties</strong></h3><p>The Communications Act has several provisions that address customer privacy, access for individuals with disabilities, and nondiscrimination.</p><p><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/222" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">Customer Privacy</a> – Section 222 requires telecommunications carriers to provide confidentiality for customer information as proprietary information of another common carrier. Carriers are prohibited from disclosing customer information except as required by law or with the customer's permission.<br><br><em>Exceptions:</em></p><ul><li>There is an exception for disclosing the location of a mobile services user to medical, public safety, or law enforcement services where the user has called for emergency services.<br> </li><li><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/551" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">Section 551</a> provides cable service subscribers with protection of their personally identifiable information.<br> </li><li>There is an exception for disclosure to a government agency when that agency has appropriate authority under Title III of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act or the ECPA.</li></ul><p>Access for Individuals with Disabilities – The Communications Act has multiple provisions that require carriers to provide accommodation for individuals with disabilities through technologies such as closed captioning and telephone typewriters. <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/225" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">47 U.S.C. §§ 225</a>, <a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/47/usc_sup_01_47_10_5_20_VI.html" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">610-11, 613</a>.</p><p><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/202" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">Nondiscrimination</a> – Section 202 generally prohibits discrimination in rates or provision of services by common carriers against a “particular person, class of persons, or locality.” <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/554" target="_blank" title="This link opens a page from another Web site in a new window.">Section 554</a> requires cable companies to practice equal opportunity in employment with regard to race, color, religion, national origin, age, and sex.</p></div> </div> </div> <div data-block-plugin-id="inline_block:text" data-inline-block-uuid="f0876792-88ed-447e-a4fb-7febf9118af0" class="block block-layout-builder block-inline-blocktext cta" > <div> <div class="use-float-friendly-lists field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden long-text"><div aria-label="accordion-group" class="usa-accordion"> <h2 class="usa-accordion__heading"><button aria-controls="vf4tzl" aria-expanded="false" class="usa-accordion__button">Site Tools</button></h2> <div class="usa-accordion__content usa-prose ui-widget-content" id="vf4tzl"> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="02113462-0d6e-4ab8-a559-f3543b034e4d" href="/program/it/help/faq" title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</a></p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="3151f718-1305-4f1c-ae6f-3ba7df11bb48" href="/program/it/document-library" title="Document Library">Document Library</a></p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="7c5b4aca-e03a-4760-908b-82c130e0539b" href="/program/it/news-archive" title="News Archive">News Archive</a></p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="ebd41e5b-f025-4495-a939-bdf3e5e9aeae" href="/program/it/podcasts" title="RSS Feeds and Podcasts">Podcasts</a></p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8b1550b9-3097-42ce-8b69-c8b97550fddb" href="/program/it/help" title="Help">Help</a></p> <p><a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e9711e19-459d-4885-b1cb-1e994d793019" href="/program/it/help/contact" title="Contact Us">Contact Us</a></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--75-25 layout--node-landing_page"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div data-block-plugin-id="extra_field_block:node:landing_page:field_content_archival_notice" class="block--field-content-archival-notice block block-layout-builder block-extra-field-blocknodelanding-pagefield-content-archival-notice"> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> </div> </div> <div class="layout--node-landing_page layout layout--onecol"> <div > </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> </div> <footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--big"> <div class="grid-container usa-footer-return-to-top"> <a id="return-to-top" class="hide" href="#">Top</a> </div> <div class="usa-footer__primary-section"> <div class="grid-container footer__wrapper"> <div class="usa-footer-primary__top padding-bottom-5"> <h3 class="usa-footer__agency-heading tablet:display-inline-block">Bureau of Justice Assistance</h3> </div> <nav class="usa-footer-nav mobile-lg:grid-col-12" aria-label="footer navigation"> <div class="region region-footer-menu"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <section aria-labelledby="section-about" class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible display-block"> <h4 id="section-about" class="usa-footer__primary-link">About</h4> <ul class="add-list-reset usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/about">About BJA</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/about/bja-careers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/contact-us">Contact</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/about/staff">Staff Listing</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/subscribe">Subscribe</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <section aria-labelledby="section-funding-awards" class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible display-block"> <h4 id="section-funding-awards" class="usa-footer__primary-link">Funding & Awards</h4> <ul class="add-list-reset usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/funding/current">Available Funding</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/funding/awards/list">Funding Awards</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/funding/expired">Past Funding</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/funding/performance-measures/overview">Performance Measures</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <section aria-labelledby="section-programs-initiatives" class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible display-block"> <h4 id="section-programs-initiatives" class="usa-footer__primary-link">Programs & Initiatives</h4> <ul class="add-list-reset usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/program/list">BJA Programs</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/program/recognizing-bravery-sacrifice">Recognizing Bravery & Sacrifice</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/toolkits">Toolkits</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/training-technical-assistance">Training & Technical Assistance</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <section aria-labelledby="section-events-resources" class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible display-block"> <h4 id="section-events-resources" class="usa-footer__primary-link">Events & Resources</h4> <ul class="add-list-reset usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/news/announcements">Announcements</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/events/funding-webinars">Funding Webinars</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/library">Publications & Multimedia</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/topics">Topics</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="https://www.ojp.gov/program/civil-rights-office/filing-civil-rights-complaint">File a Civil Rights Complaint</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="footer__social"> <a class="usa-link-facebook margin-right-2" href="https://www.facebook.com/DOJBJA"> <span class="usa-sr-only">Facebook</span><span class="f"> </span> </a> <a class="usa-link-twitter margin-right-2" href="https://twitter.com/DOJBJA"> <span class="usa-sr-only">X</span><span class="t"> </span> </a> <a class="usa-link-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/dojbja"> <span class="usa-sr-only">YouTube</span> <span class="yt"> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer__secondary-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row usa-footer__logos-container "> <div class="usa-footer-logo usa-width-one-half desktop:grid-col-6 desktop:border-right border-base-dark"> <a href="https://www.ojp.gov"> <img class="" src="/themes/custom/ojp/../ojp/assets/images/ojp/ojp-full.svg" alt="U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs Logo"> </a> </div> <div class="desktop:grid-col-6"> <div class="usa-footer__partner-logos 1"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="grid-col-4 flex-align-center usa-footer__partner-logo margin-bottom-3"> <a href="https://bja.ojp.gov" aria-label="Bureau of Justice Administration"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/bja.svg" alt="Bureau of Justice Administration Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-4 flex-align-center usa-footer__partner-logo margin-bottom-3"> <a href="https://bjs.ojp.gov" aria-label="Bureau of Justice Statistics"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/bjs.svg" alt="Bureau of Justice Statistics Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-4 flex-align-center usa-footer__partner-logo margin-bottom-3"> <a href=" https://nij.ojp.gov" aria-label="National Institute of Justice"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/nij.svg" alt="National Institute of Justice Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-4 flex-align-center usa-footer__partner-logo"> <a href="https://ojjdp.ojp.gov" aria-label="Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/ojjdp.svg" alt="Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-4 flex-align-center usa-footer__partner-logo"> <a href="https://ovc.ojp.gov" aria-label="Office for Victims of Crime"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/ovc.svg" alt="Office for Victims of Crime Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-4 flex-align-center usa-footer__partner-logo"> <a href="https://smart.ojp.gov" aria-label="Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking"> <img src="/themes/custom/ojp/assets/images/ojp/smart.svg" alt="Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking Logo" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer-contact-links usa-width-one-half"> <address> <p class="usa-footer-contact-heading">999 N. Capitol St., NE, Washington, DC 20531</p> </address> </div> </div> <div class="wide-nav"> <nav aria-labelledby="block-bja-secondaryfooterlinkmenu-menu" id="block-bja-secondaryfooterlinkmenu" class="navigation menu--secondary-footer-link-menu"> <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-bja-secondaryfooterlinkmenu-menu">Secondary Footer link menu</h2> <ul class="menu"> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.justice.gov/accessibility/accessibility-information">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.justice.gov/open/plain-writing-act">Plain Language</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.justice.gov/doj/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.justice.gov/legalpolicies">Legal Policies and Disclaimer</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.justice.gov/jmd/eeo-program-status-report">No FEAR Act</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.ojp.gov/program/freedom-information-act/foia-overview">Freedom of Information Act</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="https://www.justice.gov/">Justice.gov</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/251146","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"GTM-T33PKX2":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_environment":false}},"tagIds":["GTM-T33PKX2"]},"gtag":{"tagId":"","otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJxdUVGWwyAIvJCNX3seHwpNTIj0iTbNnr4mm3TbfogzDPJwgBQGyaNaOEAXqhaZjR_BzXJ3C_mr5Nl-ceOr9bULA4WJsmkBY5H842j2hEjogqRCqdiqC6qDECRjlNRd8y7g642LCVuhZwmTfcMmMKiu1oPSiWdShZ7UtG5kMdcbcFfAMw0EuA2y5VMbEDj-kkEZnQ6QY-rtGzb0KBzTdHY4qOlFeiZXoLd9C9-8gxEen8nZMKxSi_M1chvAlkWCsFMKpf32VDFqkDvl1UqiphsZbxYhTxfPlS5BhP8QJLysxCzLXtLOdrvTq2NN_3Z-qi9Lm96cij5yLOteg1BgN0rtJ91VJchhsMfXQjN8y567f8NGVy0070t5AlxR39A","theme":"ojp","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"anchorjs":{"selector":".block--body.block-layout-builder h2:not(.usa-accordion__heading), .block--body.block-layout-builder h3, .block--body.block-layout-builder h4, .block--body.block-layout-builder h5, .block-inline-blocktext.block-layout-builder h2:not(.usa-accordion__heading), .block-inline-blocktext.block-layout-builder h3, .block-inline-blocktext.block-layout-builder h4, .block-inline-blocktext.block-layout-builder h5, .block-ojp-taxonomy h3, .block-ojp-core h3, .block-views-blockvideos-multimedia-block h2, .page-node-type-microsite-subpage .block-page-title-block h1, .block--field-faq-sections h3, .view-program-practices-listing-alpha h2"},"bu":{"_core":{"default_config_hash":"hHRgRa8uaUJPBEvzD2uaerY4Z9xdbV4glRDRNp8euEE"},"notify_ie":12,"notify_firefox":56,"notify_opera":49,"notify_safari":10,"notify_chrome":62,"insecure":false,"unsupported":false,"mobile":false,"visibility_type":"hide","visibility_pages":"admin\/*","source":"\/\/browser-update.org\/update.min.js","show_source":"","position":"top","text_override":"{brow_name} is no longer supported. Some features of this site may not display correctly.","reminder":null,"reminder_closed":null,"new_window":false,"url":"","no_close":false,"test_mode":false},"ojp_search":{"search_no_query_text":"Your search yielded no results."},"ajax":[],"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"cdc66c880ef187322b7c4145b9f1a209853a3219f01d049df340385dfa062dd5"}}</script> <script src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/js/js_PYVNGJym3M_qvaM2ljY4MJQ37kYwkm2pg9fm81Tu4k0.js?scope=footer&delta=0&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjmsKxDAIhC8U4q89TzBq02csJqE9_nZLl20XEeZjRhnM1KuNBfASnlqpurjYIDZPvdAk5nRc4Vgne52HPAFbW3H2F7qkmmYJFROkujwR0z97HHF3x18eqtoryBKFWTiQ5iq5Qisbl4BEajxo9p2dBn9qhO_d1fgXO13GekycpcATT7cIGvVw9aEijnUMpUcbcoKbPtObxE5tgZt-A72Mdko"></script> <script src="/libraries/anchor-js/anchor.min.js?v=4.3.0" defer></script> <script src="/libraries/clipboard/dist/clipboard.min.js?v=2.0.6" defer></script> <script src="/modules/custom/anchorjs/js/anchorjs.custom.js?v=0.1.0" defer></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/js/js_OIHJ_318Ctq9FmDzZHQ_-5STxT2TzrlwGqcBEE7w5JQ.js?scope=footer&delta=4&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjmsKxDAIhC8U4q89TzBq02csJqE9_nZLl20XEeZjRhnM1KuNBfASnlqpurjYIDZPvdAk5nRc4Vgne52HPAFbW3H2F7qkmmYJFROkujwR0z97HHF3x18eqtoryBKFWTiQ5iq5Qisbl4BEajxo9p2dBn9qhO_d1fgXO13GekycpcATT7cIGvVw9aEijnUMpUcbcoKbPtObxE5tgZt-A72Mdko"></script> <script src="/extlink/settings.js"></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/js/js_eqERSf5d_9tHtWJAmya2B8KF8CMTFidZRObap2DFv1Y.js?scope=footer&delta=6&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjmsKxDAIhC8U4q89TzBq02csJqE9_nZLl20XEeZjRhnM1KuNBfASnlqpurjYIDZPvdAk5nRc4Vgne52HPAFbW3H2F7qkmmYJFROkujwR0z97HHF3x18eqtoryBKFWTiQ5iq5Qisbl4BEajxo9p2dBn9qhO_d1fgXO13GekycpcATT7cIGvVw9aEijnUMpUcbcoKbPtObxE5tgZt-A72Mdko"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?socria"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?socria"></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/js/js_7JA2pjVACwNqWRrtTHFyuLXFWsOU7C2Tv4hGQOLYGZM.js?scope=footer&delta=9&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjmsKxDAIhC8U4q89TzBq02csJqE9_nZLl20XEeZjRhnM1KuNBfASnlqpurjYIDZPvdAk5nRc4Vgne52HPAFbW3H2F7qkmmYJFROkujwR0z97HHF3x18eqtoryBKFWTiQ5iq5Qisbl4BEajxo9p2dBn9qhO_d1fgXO13GekycpcATT7cIGvVw9aEijnUMpUcbcoKbPtObxE5tgZt-A72Mdko"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/ckeditor5_embedded_content/js/aftermarket/uswds_accordion.js?socria"></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/js/js_PmXwDJl7ONhlJnNA_2orZaMmZyiuvOGWVqNFnjSwryg.js?scope=footer&delta=11&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjmsKxDAIhC8U4q89TzBq02csJqE9_nZLl20XEeZjRhnM1KuNBfASnlqpurjYIDZPvdAk5nRc4Vgne52HPAFbW3H2F7qkmmYJFROkujwR0z97HHF3x18eqtoryBKFWTiQ5iq5Qisbl4BEajxo9p2dBn9qhO_d1fgXO13GekycpcATT7cIGvVw9aEijnUMpUcbcoKbPtObxE5tgZt-A72Mdko"></script> <script src="/libraries/datatables.net/js/jquery.dataTables.js?v=1.x" defer></script> <script src="/libraries/datatables.net-responsive/js/dataTables.responsive.min.js?v=1.x" defer></script> <script src="/modules/custom/ojp_datatables/js/ojp_datatables.js?v=1.x" defer></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/js/js_Khnu4BeE0Z8HiOBsrf7fmifA8sfkztWNK-5FLO4KQ7c.js?scope=footer&delta=15&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjmsKxDAIhC8U4q89TzBq02csJqE9_nZLl20XEeZjRhnM1KuNBfASnlqpurjYIDZPvdAk5nRc4Vgne52HPAFbW3H2F7qkmmYJFROkujwR0z97HHF3x18eqtoryBKFWTiQ5iq5Qisbl4BEajxo9p2dBn9qhO_d1fgXO13GekycpcATT7cIGvVw9aEijnUMpUcbcoKbPtObxE5tgZt-A72Mdko"></script> <script src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=015849196504226064512:zzzhcfq9wdt"></script> <script src="/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/js/js_22gu46IeXgdulzbCp8dByt9wGjj551UXVdJ9T8fXOAA.js?scope=footer&delta=17&language=en&theme=ojp&include=eJxdjmsKxDAIhC8U4q89TzBq02csJqE9_nZLl20XEeZjRhnM1KuNBfASnlqpurjYIDZPvdAk5nRc4Vgne52HPAFbW3H2F7qkmmYJFROkujwR0z97HHF3x18eqtoryBKFWTiQ5iq5Qisbl4BEajxo9p2dBn9qhO_d1fgXO13GekycpcATT7cIGvVw9aEijnUMpUcbcoKbPtObxE5tgZt-A72Mdko"></script> </body> </html>