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href="#Nasapa_a_botanika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nasapa a botanika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasapa_a_botanika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasapa_a_moderno_a_botanika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasapa_a_moderno_a_botanika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Nasapa a moderno a botanika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasapa_a_moderno_a_botanika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderno_a_botanika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderno_a_botanika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Moderno a botanika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderno_a_botanika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagiti_nota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagiti_nota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dagiti nota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagiti_nota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dagiti akinruar a silpo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 179 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-179" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dagiti 179 a pagsasao</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plantkunde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%8B%95%E1%8C%BD" title="ሥነ ዕጽ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ዕጽ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аботаника – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аботаника" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="علم النبات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم النبات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բուսաբանութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բուսաբանութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27avokuaaty" title="Ka'avokuaaty – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ka'avokuaaty" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt-bu%CC%8Dt-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Батаніка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Батаніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Батаніка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Батаніка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बनस्पति बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बनस्पति बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boteni" title="Boteni – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Boteni" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩི་ཤིང་རིག་པ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩི་ཤིང་རིག་པ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louzawouriezh" title="Louzawouriezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Louzawouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaneg" title="Botaneg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Botaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%88%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ގަހަވީ އިލްމު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގަހަވީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaanika" title="Botaanika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Botaanika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Βοτανική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βοτανική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="nasayaat nga artikulo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantoscienco" title="Plantoscienco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plantoscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="گیاه‌شناسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیاه‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanique" title="Botanique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Botanique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaniche" title="Botaniche – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Botaniche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luibheola%C3%ADocht" title="Luibheolaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Luibheolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus-oaylleeaght" title="Lus-oaylleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lus-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luibh-e%C3%B2las" title="Luibh-eòlas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Luibh-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Botánica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="식물학 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식물학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81lailau_nahele" title="Kālailau nahele – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālailau nahele" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բուսաբանություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուսաբանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="वनस्पति विज्ञान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वनस्पति विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botaniko" title="Botaniko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Botaniko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Ботаникæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ботаникæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Grasafræði – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grasafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="בוטניקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוטניקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ბოტანიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოტანიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نَباتیات – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نَباتیات" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losonieth" title="Losonieth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Losonieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubushakashatsi_ku_Bimera" title="Ubushakashatsi ku Bimera – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubushakashatsi ku Bimera" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botania" title="Botania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Botania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etid_plant" title="Etid plant – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Etid plant" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riweknas%C3%AE" title="Riweknasî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Riweknasî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nika" title="Botánika – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Botánika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanice" title="Botanice – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Botanice" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C4%81nika" title="Botānika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Botānika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantk%C3%B3nde" title="Plantkónde – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Plantkónde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/spaske" title="spaske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="spaske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="वनस्पति विज्ञान – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वनस्पति विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="സസ്യശാസ്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സസ്യശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वनस्पतीशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वनस्पतीशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ბოტანიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბოტანიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="علم النبات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم النبات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ургамал судлал – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ургамал судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlanelhuayomatiliztli" title="Tlanelhuayomatiliztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlanelhuayomatiliztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantkunde" title="Plantkunde – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Plantkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="वनस्पति विज्ञान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वनस्पति विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="बोतानी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बोतानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植物学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%8D%DF%98%DF%8D%DF%B2%DF%9D%DF%8B%DF%B2_%DF%A0%DF%8E%DF%AC" title="ߝߍߘߍ߲ߝߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߝߍߘߍ߲ߝߋ߲ ߠߎ߬" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botenii" title="Botenii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Botenii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanikk" title="Botanikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Botanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanikk" title="Botanikk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Botanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botannie" title="Botannie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Botannie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanike" title="Botanike – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Botanike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanica" title="Botanica – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Botanica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Ботанике – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ботанике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiinbiqila" title="Xiinbiqila – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xiinbiqila" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਨਸਪਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%B9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="باٹنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="باٹنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရုက္ခဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%BC%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="بوټپوهنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوټپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batani" title="Batani – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Batani" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A2nica" title="Botânica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Botânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebatiyat" title="Nebatiyat – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Nebatiyat" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanic%C4%83" title="Botanică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Botanică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sach%27a_yachay" title="Sach'a yachay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sach'a yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаніка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ботаніка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वनस्पतिविज्ञानम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वनस्पतिविज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nica" title="Botànica – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Botànica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/But%C3%A0nica" title="Butànica – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Butànica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="උද්භිද විද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="උද්භිද විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany" title="Botany – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Botany" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نباتاتيات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نباتاتيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ڕوەکناسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوەکناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvitiede" title="Kasvitiede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvitiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவரவியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவரவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnm%C9%A3ayt" title="Tasnmɣayt – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasnmɣayt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnim%C9%A3an" title="Tasnimɣan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasnimɣan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="వృక్షశాస్త్రం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వృక్షశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="พฤกษศาสตร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พฤกษศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Гиёҳшиносӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гиёҳшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ботаника" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаніка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ботаніка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نباتیات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نباتیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bot%C3%A0nega" title="Botànega – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Botànega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanik" title="Botanik – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Botanik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="nasayaat nga artikulo"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Thực vật học – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planav" title="Planav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Planav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanike" title="Botanike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Botanike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanika" title="Botanika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Botanika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="植物学" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buotan%C4%97ka" title="Buotanėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Buotanėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="植物学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="植物学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Botani" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ilo" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:Pinguicula_grandiflora_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pinguicula_grandiflora_03.jpg/220px-Pinguicula_grandiflora_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pinguicula_grandiflora_03.jpg/330px-Pinguicula_grandiflora_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pinguicula_grandiflora_03.jpg/440px-Pinguicula_grandiflora_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Ti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinguicula_grandiflora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinguicula grandiflora (awan ti panid)">Pinguicula grandiflora</a></i> ken ammopay pay iti Ingles a kas ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butterwort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butterwort (awan ti panid)">Butterwort</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Ti <b>botanika</b>, <b>siensia dagiti mula</b>, wenno <b>biolohia ti mula</b> (manipud iti <a href="/wiki/Taga-ugma_a_Griego" title="Taga-ugma a Griego">Taga-ugma a Griego</a> <span lang="grc" title="Teksto ti pagsasao a Taga-ugma a Griego (aginggana iti 1453)">βοτάνη</span> <i><i lang="grc-Latn" title="Teksto ti pagsasao a Taga-ugma a Griego (aginggana iti 1453)">botane</i></i>, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagaraban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagaraban (awan ti panid)">pagaraban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruot">ruot</a>, wenno <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamut_ti_ayup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamut ti ayup (awan ti panid)">lamut ti ayup</a>" ken ti manipud iti <span lang="grc" title="Teksto ti pagsasao a Taga-ugma a Griego (aginggana iti 1453)">βόσκειν</span> <i><i lang="grc-Latn" title="Teksto ti pagsasao a Taga-ugma a Griego (aginggana iti 1453)">boskein</i></i>, "agpakan wenno agarab"), ket maysa a disiplina ti <a href="/wiki/Biolohia" title="Biolohia">biolohia</a>, ket isu ti <a href="/wiki/Siensia" title="Siensia">siensia</a> iti <a href="/wiki/Biag" title="Biag">biag</a> ti mula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddellScott1940_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddellScott1940-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordhHeadrick2001134_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordhHeadrick2001134-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnline_a_Diksionario_ti_Etimolohia2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnline_a_Diksionario_ti_Etimolohia2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Iti tinawtawid, daytoy a siensia ket mangiraman ti panagadal dagiti hongo, algas, ken dagiti birus. Ti maysa a tao nga agadadal ti botánika ket matawtawagan a kas ti maysa a botaniko. </p><p>Ti botanika ket maabbonganna ti nawatiwat a panagsakup kadagiti sientipiko a displina a mairaman ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morpolohia_ti_mula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morpolohia ti mula (awan ti panid)">patakder</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagtubo_ti_selula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panagtubo ti selula (awan ti panid)">panagtubo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagpatubo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panagpatubo (awan ti panid)">panagpatubo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morpohenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morpohenesis (awan ti panid)">panagrang-ay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitopatolohia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitopatolohia (awan ti panid)">saksakit</a>, dagiti tagikua ti kimiko, ken dagiti ebolusionario a maikabagian dagiti taksonomiko a grupgrupo. Ti botanika ket nangrugi dagiti nasapa a panagganetget ti nagtagitaon ti panagilasin dagiti makan, makaagas ken makasabidong a mulmula, a mangaramid daytoy ti kadaanan a sanga iti siensia. Iti tattan a panawen, dagiti botaniko ket adadalenda dagiti agarup a 400,000 a <a href="/wiki/Sebbangan" title="Sebbangan">sebbangan</a> dagiti sibibiag nga organismo. </p><p>Dagiti nangrugrugian ti moderno nga estilo a panagidasig a sistema ket mabalin a matugotan kadagiti panawen ti 1500–1600 nga dagidi nadumaduma a panagipadas ket naaramid tapno maidasig a sientipiko dagiti mulmula. Kadagiti maika-19 ken maika-20 a siglo, adda dagiti nangruna a pamay-an a naparang-ay para iti panagadal dagiti mulmula, a mairaman ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikroskopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikroskopia (awan ti panid)">mikroskopia</a>, panagbilbilang dagiti kromosoma, ken dagiti panagusig iti kimiko ti mula. Kadagiti napalabas a dua a dekada iti maika-20 a siglo, ti <a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> ket naus-usar pay ti kaaduan a kinapudno ti panagidasig kadagiti mula. </p><p>Ti botanika a panagsukisok ket mangipatengnga ti isip kadagiti populasion ti mula a grupgrupo, ebolusion, pisiolohia, patakder, ken dagiti sistematiko. Dagiti adda ti baaba a displina ti botanika ket mairaman ti agronomia, panagadal ti kabakiran, hotikultura, ken paleobotanika. Dagiti kangrunaan a sientista iti pakasaritaan ti botánika ket mairaman ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophrastus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophrastus (awan ti panid)">Theophrastus</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Baitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Baitar (awan ti panid)">Ibn al-Baitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Linnaeus">Carl Linnaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Johann_Mendel" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregor Johann Mendel">Gregor Johann Mendel</a>, ken ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Borlaug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Borlaug (awan ti panid)">Norman Borlaug</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pakasaritaan">Pakasaritaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Pakasaritaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Pakasaritaan"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r374240">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Nangruna nga artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakasaritaan_iti_botanika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakasaritaan iti botanika (awan ti panid)">Pakasaritaan iti botanika</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:Botany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Botany.jpg/220px-Botany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Botany.jpg/330px-Botany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Botany.jpg/440px-Botany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2183" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>Dagiti tinawtawid a ramramit ti maysa a botaniko</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nasapa_a_botanika">Nasapa a botanika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Nasapa a botanika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Nasapa a botanika"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ti pakasaritaan iti botánika ket mairaman dagiti taga-ugma a sinursuratan ken dagiti panakaidasig dagiti mulmula a mabirukan kadagiti nadumaduma a kultura. Ti kas pagarigan dagiti nasapa nga obra ti botánika ket nabirukan kadagiti taga-ugama a nasantuan a teksto manipud idiay India, dagiti taga-ugma a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoroastrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoroastrian (awan ti panid)">Zoroastrian</a> a sinursuratan,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyer2009117_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyer2009117-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ken dagiti taga-ugma nga obra dagiti Insik. </p><p>Ti moderno a botanika ket tugotenna ti ramutna manipud kadagiti napalabas a duapulo ket tallo a siglo, manipud iti Ama iti Botánika, a ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theophrastus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theophrastus (awan ti panid)">Theophrastus</a> (c. 371–287 BC), ken maysa nga estudiante ni <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>. Isu ket nagparnuay ken nangipalpalawag kadagiti adu a pamunganayan iti moderno a botanika.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene1909_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene1909-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dagiti dua a kangrunaan nga obrana, ti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historia_Plantarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historia Plantarum (awan ti panid)">Panagsalsalusod kadgiti Mula</a></i> ken <i>Dagiti Gapuanan dagiti Mula</i> ket buklen dagiti kangrunaan a parawad ti siensia ti botánika ti antigo a panawen ken dagiti Tengnga a Panawen, ken nagtengtenggel daytoy a puesto para kadagiti sangapulo ket pito a siglo kalpasan a naisurat dagitoy.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene1909_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene1909-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Theophrastus1902_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theophrastus1902-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ken manipud pay ti Gresia, ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedanius_Dioscorides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedanius Dioscorides (awan ti panid)">Pedanius Dioscorides</a>, iti tengnga ti umuna a siglo, ket nagsurat ti <i>De Materia Medica</i>, ti lima a tomo nga ensiklopedia a maipanggep kadagiti yerba a medisina a nawatiwat a nabasbasa para kadagiti sumurok a 1,500 a tawtawen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMauseth2003532_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMauseth2003532-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dagiti obra manipud iti mediebal a Muslim a lubong ket mairaman ti <i>Nabatean Agriculture</i> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Wahshiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Wahshiyya (awan ti panid)">Ibn Wahshiyya</a>, ti <i>Libro dagiti Mula</i> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ab%C5%AB_%E1%B8%A4an%C4%ABfa_D%C4%ABnawar%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī (awan ti panid)">Abū Ḥanīfa Dīnawarī</a> (828-896) , ken <i>Dagiti Pannakaidasig ti Daga</i> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Bassal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Bassal (awan ti panid)">Ibn Bassal</a>. Idi kasapaan ti maika-13 a siglo, ni Abu al-Abbas al-Nabati, ken ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Baitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Baitar (awan ti panid)">Ibn al-Baitar</a> (d. 1248) ket nagsuratda pay idi kadagiti maipanggep ti botanika.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallal2010197_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallal2010197-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanaino200293_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanaino200293-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey1973116_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey1973116-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nasapa_a_moderno_a_botanika">Nasapa a moderno a botanika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Nasapa a moderno a botanika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nasapa a moderno a botanika"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:H_J_N_Crantz_Classis_cruciformium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/H_J_N_Crantz_Classis_cruciformium.jpg/220px-H_J_N_Crantz_Classis_cruciformium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/H_J_N_Crantz_Classis_cruciformium.jpg/330px-H_J_N_Crantz_Classis_cruciformium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/H_J_N_Crantz_Classis_cruciformium.jpg/440px-H_J_N_Crantz_Classis_cruciformium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>Ti <i>Classis cruciformium...</i> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Johann_Nepomuk_von_Crantz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz (awan ti panid)">Crantz</a>, idi 1769</figcaption></figure> <p>Ti <a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Aleman</a> a mangngagas a ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonhart_Fuchs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonhart Fuchs (awan ti panid)">Leonhart Fuchs</a> (1501–1566) ket maysa idi kadagiti "tallo nga Aleman nga ama ti botanika", a kimmaddua ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Brunfels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Brunfels (awan ti panid)">Otto Brunfels</a> (1489–1534) ken <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hieronymus_Bock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hieronymus Bock (awan ti panid)">Hieronymus Bock</a> (1498–1554) (tinawtawagan pay ti Hieronymus Tragus).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENailian_a_Museo_ti_Gales2007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENailian_a_Museo_ti_Gales2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanivBachrach2005157_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanivBachrach2005157-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerius_Cordus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerius Cordus (awan ti panid)">Valerius Cordus</a> (1515–1544) ket nagsursurat ti maysa a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharmacopoeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharmacopoeia (awan ti panid)">pharmacopoeia</a> iti agpapaut a kinapangruna, ti <i>Dispensatorium</i> idi 1546.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESprague1939_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESprague1939-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conrad_von_Gesner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conrad von Gesner (awan ti panid)">Conrad von Gesner</a> (1516–1565) ken <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Culpeper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Culpeper (awan ti panid)">Nicholas Culpeper</a> (1616–1654) ket nangipablaakda pay kadagiti yerba a nagsaksakup kadagiti pangngagas nga usar ti mulmula. Ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulisse_Aldrovandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulisse Aldrovandi (awan ti panid)">Ulisse Aldrovandi</a> (1522–1605) ket naikedkeddeng idi a ti "ama ti masna apakasaritaan", a nairamraman ti panagadal ti mulmula. Idi 1665, a nagus-usar ti nasapa a mikroskopio, ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hooke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hooke (awan ti panid)">Robert Hooke</a> ket nakaduktal kadagiti <a href="/wiki/Selula_(biolohia)" title="Selula (biolohia)">selula</a>, ti maysa atermino nga inaramidna, iti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tapun_(material)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tapun (material) (awan ti panid)">tapun</a>, ken ti nabiit a panwen kalpasan daytoy kadagiti sibibiag a kulanit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaggoner2001_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaggoner2001-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Idi las-ud ti maika-18 a siglo, dagiti sitema ti panakaidasig ket naparang-ay a maipada kadagiti diagnostiko a tulbek, a dagiti taxa ket naiparbo a naigrupo kadagiti agparis. Ti panagsasaruno dagiti tulbek ket kaykanayon a di mainaig kadagiti bukodda a masna wenno phyletic a pannakaigrupo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–117_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–117-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Babaen ti maiak-18 a siglo dagiti immadadu a bilang ti baro a mulmula ket simmangpet idiay Europa manipud kadagiti baro a naduktalan a pagilian ken dagiti Europeano a kolonia ti sangalubongan ken adu dagiti bilang ti mulmula a nagbalin a mnagun-od para iti panagadal. Dagiti botaniko nga alagaden manipud iti daytoy a paset ti panawen ket manmanu aeng a nailadladawan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–74_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–74-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Idi 1754 ni <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carl von Linné</a> (Carl Linnaeus) ket nangbingbingay kadagiti Pagarian ti mula kadagiti 25 iti maysa a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksonomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taksonomia (awan ti panid)">taksonomia</a> nga adda ti maysa nga alagaden a binomio a sistema ti panaginagan para kadagiti sebbangan ti ayup ken mula. Isu ket nagus-usar ti dua a paset a panaginagan nga ti immuna a nagan ket nangirepresenta ti henero ken ti maikadua ket dagiti sebbangan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapon2005220–223_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapon2005220–223-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maysa kadagiti panangidasig ni Linnaeus, ti <i>Cryptogamia</i>, ket nangiramraman kadagiti amin a mula nga dda kadagiti nailemmeng a reproduktibo a paspaset (dagiti lumot, dagiti hepatika ken dagiti pako), ken algas ken fungi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoekMannJahns20059_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoekMannJahns20059-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ti immad-adu a pannakaaammo ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anatonia_ti_mula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anatonia ti mula (awan ti panid)">anatomia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morpolohia_ti_mula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morpolohia ti mula (awan ti panid)">morpolohia</a> ken dagiti siklo ti biag, ket nangiturong ti pannakaibanagan nga adda dagiti ad-adu pay a masna a pakkayatan a baetan ti mulmula ngem ti seksual a sistema nga inbagbaga ni Linnaeus. Ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Adanson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Adanson (awan ti panid)">Adanson</a> (1763), <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu" title="Antoine Laurent de Jussieu">de Jussieu</a> (1789), ken ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustin_Pyramus_de_Candolle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (awan ti panid)">Candolle</a> (1819) ket nagisingsingasingda amin kadagiti nadumaduma a pagpilian ti masna a sistema a nawatiwat a nasursurot. Dagiti kapanunotan ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masna_apanagpili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masna apanagpili (awan ti panid)">masna apanagpili</a> a kas maysa amekanismo ti <a href="/wiki/Ebolusion" title="Ebolusion">ebolusion</a> ket nakasapsapul kadagiti panagampon iti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Candollea_a_sistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Candollea a sistema (awan ti panid)">Candollea a sistema</a>, a nangirugrugi kadagiti panagadal iti ebolusionario pakikabagian ken dagiti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilohenetiko_a_nomenklatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilohenetiko a nomenklatura (awan ti panid)">pilohenetiko a panakaidasig</a> ti mulmula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEreshefsky1997493–519_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEreshefsky1997493–519-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraySargent1889292–293_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraySargent1889292–293-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ti botanika ket nalatak a naiparparudso babaen ti panagparang ti immuna a "moderno" a libro, a <i><i lang="de" title="Teksto ti pagsasao nga Aleman">Grundzuge der Wissenschaftlichen</i></i> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden (awan ti panid)">Matthias Schleiden</a>, a naipablaak iti Ingles idi 1849 a kas <i>Dagiti Pamunganayan ti Sientipiko a Botánika</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton1981377_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton1981377-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Ludwig_Willdenow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Ludwig Willdenow (awan ti panid)">Carl Willdenow</a> ket nagsuksukisok ti pakaikapetan a baetan ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pannakaiwarwaras_ti_bukel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pannakaiwarwaras ti bukel (awan ti panid)">pannakaiwarwaras ti bukel</a> ken distribusion, ti kasasaad ti pakaigungluan ti mula, ken ti pagbanagan ti heolohiko a pakasaritaan. Ti selula a pagtengngaan ket naduktalan idi babaen ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Brown_(botaniko)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Brown (botaniko) (awan ti panid)">Robert Brown</a> idi 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200076–81_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200076–81-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderno_a_botanika">Moderno a botanika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Moderno a botanika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Moderno a botanika"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adda dagiti adu a bilang ti baro a pannakaammo a nagtaud manipud iti panagadal ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modelo_nga_organismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modelo nga organismo (awan ti panid)">modelo a mulmula</a> a kas ti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabidopsis_thaliana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabidopsis thaliana (awan ti panid)">Arabidopsis thaliana</a></i>. daytoy karuotan a sebbangan ti pamilia ti mustasa (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Brassicaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brassicaceae (awan ti panid)">Brassicaceae</a>) ket maysa idi kadagiti immuna a mula nga adda dagiti bukodna a naipasarsaruno a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henoma (awan ti panid)">henoma</a>. Ti panangipasursaruno iti henoma ti <a href="/wiki/Pagay" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagay">pagay</a> (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), ti bassit laeng a henomana , ken ti maysa a dakkel nga internasional a komunidad ti aksuksukisok ket nakaaramid ti pagay a kas maysa a nangruna a modelo ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirial (awan ti panid)">sirial</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ruot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruot">ruot</a>/<a href="/wiki/Monocot" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocot">monocot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDevosGale2000_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDevosGale2000-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ti sabali pay a sebbangan ti ruot, ti <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brachypodium_distachyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brachypodium distachyon (awan ti panid)">Brachypodium distachyon</a></i> ket maysa pay nga eksperimental a modelo para iti pannakaawat ti henetiko, ti maipapana ti selula ken maipapan ti molekula a biolohia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnibersidad_ti_California-Davis2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnibersidad_ti_California-Davis2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dagiti sabali paya a nangruna a maipapan ti komersio a taraon a kas ti <a href="/wiki/Trigo" title="Trigo">trigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mais" title="Mais">mais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sebada" title="Sebada">sebada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senteno" title="Senteno">senteno</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perlas_a_miho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perlas a miho (awan ti panid)">perlas a miho</a> ken <a href="/wiki/Soybean" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybean">toyo</a> ket naipasarsaruno paya dagiti henomada. Adda kadagitoy ket narigat a maipasaruno gapu ta addaanda ti ad-adu ngem dua a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haploid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haploid (awan ti panid)">haploid</a> (n) dagiti paris ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kromosoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kromosoma (awan ti panid)">kromosoma</a>, ti maysa a kasasaad a kas ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyploid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyploid (awan ti panid)">polyploidy</a>, a kadawyan iti pagarian ti mula. Ti maysa aberde nga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Algas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algas (awan ti panid)">Algas</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (awan ti panid)">Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</a></i>, ket maysa a modelo nga organismo a naikeddeng a nangruna iti panagpasayaat ti pannakaaamo ti biolohia ti selula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Menahem20095370_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Menahem20095370-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Idi 1998 ti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (awan ti panid)">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> ket nangipablaak ti maysa a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilohenetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilohenetiko (awan ti panid)">pilohenia</a> dagiti agsabsabong a mula a naibatay kadagiti panagusig ti panagsasaruno ti <a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> manipud kadagiti kaaduan a pamilia ti agsabsabong a mula. Akas ti nagbanagan daytoy nga obra, adu kadagiti saludsod no ania dagiti pamilia ti mangirepresenta ti kasapaan a sangsanga dagiti <a href="/wiki/Angiospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiospermae">angiospermae</a> ket nasungbatan itan. Ti panagsuksukisok no kasano a mainaig dagiti sebbanagan ti mula iti tunggal maysa ket mangpalubos kadagiti botaniko a mangpasayaat a makaawat ti pamay-an ti ebolusion dagiti mula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2003399–436_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2003399–436-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urayno ti panagadal dagiti modelo a mula ken ti umadadu a panagusar ti ebidensia ti DNA, adda pay laeng dagiti agdama nga obra ken pakisinnaritaan manipud kadagiti taksonomiko no kasano ti kasayaatan a panangidasig ti mulmula kadagiti nadumaduama ataxa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapon2005223_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECapon2005223-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dagiti_nota">Dagiti nota</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Dagiti nota" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Dagiti nota"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r374282">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddellScott1940-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddellScott1940_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiddellScott1940">Liddell & Scott 1940</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFLiddellScott1940 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordhHeadrick2001134-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordhHeadrick2001134_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGordhHeadrick2001">Gordh & Headrick 2001</a>, p. 134.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFGordhHeadrick2001 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnline_a_Diksionario_ti_Etimolohia2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnline_a_Diksionario_ti_Etimolohia2012_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOnline_a_Diksionario_ti_Etimolohia2012">Online a Diksionario ti Etimolohia 2012</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFOnline_a_Diksionario_ti_Etimolohia2012 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIyer2009117-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIyer2009117_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIyer2009">Iyer 2009</a>, p. 117.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFIyer2009 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greene1909-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Greene1909_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greene1909_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r391156">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreene1909" class="citation book cs1">Greene, Edward Lee (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=c6DPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA140"><i>Dulon dagiti pakasaritaan ti botanika: ti panagadal dagiti naisangsangayan a panawen iti panagrangrang-ay iti siensia ti botánika : paset 1, Sakbay ti 1562 A.D.</i></a> Smithsonian Institution. pp. 140–142.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dulon+dagiti+pakasaritaan+ti+botanika%3A+ti+panagadal+dagiti+naisangsangayan+a+panawen+iti+panagrangrang-ay+iti+siensia+ti+bot%C3%A1nika+%3A+paset+1%2C+Sakbay+ti+1562+A.D.&rft.pages=140-142&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Edward+Lee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc6DPAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Filo.wikipedia.org%3ABotanika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Theophrastus1902-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Theophrastus1902_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r391156"><cite id="CITEREFBennettHammond1902" class="citation book cs1">Bennett, Charles E.; Hammond, William A. (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=n0JgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR30"><i>Dagiti Karakter ni Theophrastus [Pangyuna]</i></a>. Longmans, Green, ken Co. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dagiti+Karakter+ni+Theophrastus+%5BPangyuna%5D&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green%2C+ken+Co.&rft.date=1902&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rft.au=Hammond%2C+William+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn0JgAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPR30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Filo.wikipedia.org%3ABotanika" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMauseth2003532-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMauseth2003532_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMauseth2003">Mauseth 2003</a>, p. 532.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFMauseth2003 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDallal2010197-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDallal2010197_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDallal2010">Dallal 2010</a>, p. 197.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFDallal2010 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPanaino200293-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPanaino200293_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPanaino2002">Panaino 2002</a>, p. 93.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFPanaino2002 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELevey1973116-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELevey1973116_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLevey1973">Levey 1973</a>, p. 116.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFLevey1973 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENailian_a_Museo_ti_Gales2007-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENailian_a_Museo_ti_Gales2007_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNailian_a_Museo_ti_Gales2007">Nailian a Museo ti Gales 2007</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFNailian_a_Museo_ti_Gales2007 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanivBachrach2005157-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanivBachrach2005157_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYanivBachrach2005">Yaniv & Bachrach 2005</a>, p. 157.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFYanivBachrach2005 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESprague1939-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESprague1939_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSprague1939">Sprague 1939</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFSprague1939 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaggoner2001-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaggoner2001_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaggoner2001">Waggoner 2001</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFWaggoner2001 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–117-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–117_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScharf2009">Scharf 2009</a>, pp. 73–117.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFScharf2009 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–74-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScharf200973–74_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScharf2009">Scharf 2009</a>, pp. 73–74.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFScharf2009 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapon2005220–223-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapon2005220–223_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCapon2005">Capon 2005</a>, pp. 220–223.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFCapon2005 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoekMannJahns20059-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoekMannJahns20059_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoekMannJahns2005">Hoek, Mann & Jahns 2005</a>, p. 9.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFHoekMannJahns2005 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEreshefsky1997493–519-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEreshefsky1997493–519_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEreshefsky1997">Ereshefsky 1997</a>, pp. 493–519.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFEreshefsky1997 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraySargent1889292–293-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraySargent1889292–293_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraySargent1889">Gray & Sargent 1889</a>, pp. 292–293.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFGraySargent1889 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorton1981377-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorton1981377_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorton1981">Morton 1981</a>, p. 377.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFMorton1981 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris200076–81-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris200076–81_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2000">Harris 2000</a>, pp. 76–81.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFHarris2000 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDevosGale2000-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDevosGale2000_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDevosGale2000">Devos & Gale 2000</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFDevosGale2000 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnibersidad_ti_California-Davis2012-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnibersidad_ti_California-Davis2012_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnibersidad_ti_California-Davis2012">Unibersidad ti California-Davis 2012</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFUnibersidad_ti_California-Davis2012 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen-Menahem20095370-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen-Menahem20095370_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen-Menahem2009">Ben-Menahem 2009</a>, p. 5370.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFBen-Menahem2009 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2003399–436-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase_et_al.2003399–436_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase_et_al.2003">Chase et al. 2003</a>, pp. 399–436.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFChase_et_al.2003 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECapon2005223-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECapon2005223_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCapon2005">Capon 2005</a>, p. 223.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: awan mapuntaan: CITEREFCapon2005 (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Dagiti_biddut_ti_plantilia_Harv_ken_Sfn" title="Kategoria:Dagiti biddut ti plantilia Harv ken Sfn">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dagiti_akinruar_a_silpo">Dagiti akinruar a silpo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Urnosen ti seksion: Dagiti akinruar a silpo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>urnosen</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botanika&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dagiti akinruar a silpo"><span>urnosen ti taudan</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Papeles:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Dagiti midia a mainaig iti <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Botany" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Botany"><span style="">Botanika</span></a> iti Wikimedia Commons<br /> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://huntbot.andrew.cmu.edu/HIBD/Departments/Databases.shtml">Dagiti batayan ti datos ti Botánika</a> idiay Instituto ti Hunt para iti Botaniko a Dokumentasion</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be/bioweb/?page=guide&lang=en/">Dagiti napintas ti kalidadna a ladawan ti mulmula ken dagiti paamo a maipapan kadagitoy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120131150733/http://www.kuleuven-kortrijk.be/bioweb/?page=guide&lang=en%2F">Naiyarkibo</a> 2012-01-31 iti <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> manipud idiay Katoliko nga Unibersidad ti Leuven</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wildflower.utexas.edu/">Pakaamo a Network ti patneng a Mula</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.usda.gov/index.html">Datos a batayan ti mula ti USDA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/www-vl/">Ti Virtual a biblioteka ti Botanika</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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