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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Bilateral relations</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Lebanese-Turkish relations relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_-_Lebanon_Locator.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Turkey and Lebanon"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Turkey and Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Turkey_-_Lebanon_Locator.svg/250px-Turkey_-_Lebanon_Locator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Turkey_-_Lebanon_Locator.svg/375px-Turkey_-_Lebanon_Locator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Turkey_-_Lebanon_Locator.svg/500px-Turkey_-_Lebanon_Locator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="689" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/68px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/90px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/68px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/90px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey">Diplomatic mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; text-align:center">Embassy of Turkey, Beirut</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;">Embassy of Lebanon, Ankara</td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <b>Lebanon–Turkey</b> are the <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral relations">bilateral relations</a> between <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. Lebanon has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> and a consulate general in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>. Turkey has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>. The two nations are connected through history as Lebanon gained independence from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both countries are members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_relations">Historical relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, which controlled Lebanon from 1516 to 1918, had Lebanon as the most diverse region in the Ottoman Empire. There were several ethnic and religious tensions, notably the infamous <a href="/wiki/1840_Lebanon_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="1840 Lebanon conflict">1840 Lebanon conflict</a> and <a href="/wiki/1860_Mount_Lebanon_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1860 Mount Lebanon civil war">1860 Mount Lebanon civil war</a> which devastated Lebanon and the Ottomans further imposed strict rule in Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Ottomans imposed a forcible blockade to prevent supplies from being taken by the French and the British. However, this resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Great Famine of Mount Lebanon</a>, which claimed the lives of a half of the Lebanese population at the time. This formed the basic disdain and hostility against Turkey among Lebanese population.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_relations">Modern relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanitarian_aid">Humanitarian aid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Humanitarian aid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>, in tandem with shipments of aid the Palestinians sent on 19 July and 27 July, the Red Crescent announced on 31 July that two Arctic trucks carrying medical aid, foodstuffs and kitchen utensils were being sent from Turkey to Lebanon.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, following the increasing shortages of electricity in Lebanon, Turkey supplied the country with <a href="/wiki/MV_Karadeniz_Powership_Fatmag%C3%BCl_Sultan" title="MV Karadeniz Powership Fatmagül Sultan">MV Karadeniz Powership Fatmagül Sultan</a> and <a href="/wiki/MV_Karadeniz_Powership_Orhan_Bey" title="MV Karadeniz Powership Orhan Bey">MV Karadeniz Powership Orhan Bey</a> to ensure electric development for the country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_liquidity_crisis" title="Lebanese liquidity crisis">Lebanese liquidity crisis</a>, Turkey provided humanitarian assistance to Lebanon in April 2022. They delivered shipments of food, <a href="/wiki/Infant_formula" title="Infant formula">baby formula</a>, and basic needs.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competing_with_Iran">Competing with Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Competing with Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Turkish Government under <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> has perceived <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, a Shi'a paramilitary and political group backed by <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, with a negative perception, based on historical trauma in Lebanon and the threat to Turkish legacies in Lebanon. Thus Turkey has sought to maintain closer tie with Lebanon, to dismantle Iranian influence inside Lebanon. The influx of Hezbollah fighters coming to Syria fighting against the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is also the reason why Turkey tries to establish stronger ties with Lebanon in order to weaken Iran's role in Lebanon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turkish_influence">Turkish influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Turkish influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Lebanon has been relatively out of the knowledge of the Turkish population, the recent political brawl had led to some several fallouts of relationship. In September 2019, Lebanese President <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a> tweeted his criticism on the Ottoman rule and expressed concerns about the return of Turkey to Lebanon, and summoned the Turkish ambassador as well.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lebanon recognizes the Armenian Genocide.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosions" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Beirut explosions">2020 Beirut explosions</a>, Vice President of Turkey, <a href="/wiki/Fuat_Oktay" title="Fuat Oktay">Fuat Oktay</a>, and Foreign Minister, <a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a>, visited Lebanon and met Lebanese President Michel Aoun and Parliament Speaker <a href="/wiki/Nabih_Berri" title="Nabih Berri">Nabih Berri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aa_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the visit, Çavuşoğlu said: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We also stand with our kin, the Turks and Turkmens in Lebanon and around the world. We will grant Turkish citizenship to our brothers who say 'I am Turkish, I am Turkmen,' and express their desire to become a citizen. These are our [Turkish] President [Recep Tayyip] Erdoğan's instructions.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><sup id="cite_ref-aa_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aa-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resident_diplomatic_missions">Resident diplomatic missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Resident diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Lebanon has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> and a consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.</li> <li>Turkey has an embassy in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon" title="Foreign relations of Lebanon">Foreign relations of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Turks in Lebanon">Turks in Lebanon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2667/pdf/i7.pdf">Iran Daily</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKirk1960" class="citation journal cs1">Kirk, George (1 December 1960). "Lebanon in the Last Days of Feudalism, 1840-1868: A Contemporary Account by Antūn Dāhir Al-e ʽAqiqi and other Documents . Malcolm H. Kerr". <i>The Journal of Modern History</i>. <b>32</b> (4): 396. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F238645">10.1086/238645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=Lebanon+in+the+Last+Days+of+Feudalism%2C+1840-1868%3A+A+Contemporary+Account+by+Ant%C5%ABn+D%C4%81hir+Al-e+%CA%BDAqiqi+and+other+Documents+.+Malcolm+H.+Kerr&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=396&rft.date=1960-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F238645&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeraclides,_AlexisDialla,_Ada2015" class="citation book cs1">Heraclides, Alexis; Dialla, Ada (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1mf71b8.12"><i>Intervention in Lebanon and Syria, 1860–61</i></a>. pp. 134–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt1mf71b8.12">10.2307/j.ctt1mf71b8.12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719098598" title="Special:BookSources/9780719098598"><bdi>9780719098598</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1mf71b8.12">j.ctt1mf71b8.12</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intervention+in+Lebanon+and+Syria%2C+1860%E2%80%9361&rft.pages=134-147&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1mf71b8.12%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt1mf71b8.12&rft.isbn=9780719098598&rft.au=Heraclides%2C+Alexis&rft.au=Dialla%2C+Ada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1mf71b8.12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljadid.com/content/reconstructing-disastrous-history-lebanese-famine">"Reconstructing the Disastrous History of the Lebanese Famine | Al Jadid"</a>. <i>www.aljadid.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljadid.com&rft.atitle=Reconstructing+the+Disastrous+History+of+the+Lebanese+Famine+%26%23124%3B+Al+Jadid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljadid.com%2Fcontent%2Freconstructing-disastrous-history-lebanese-famine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaman.com/?bl=hotnews&alt=&trh=20060727&hn=35116">Red Crescent Aid Convoy Leaves Turkey for Palestine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605050552/http://www.zaman.com/?bl=hotnews&alt=&trh=20060727&hn=35116">Archived</a> 2011-06-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ZAMAN Daily Newspaper</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/11/turkish-power-ship-lights-on-lebanon">"The Turkish 'power ship' keeping the lights on in Lebanon"</a>. <i>the Guardian</i>. 11 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Turkish+%27power+ship%27+keeping+the+lights+on+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2013-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fapr%2F11%2Fturkish-power-ship-lights-on-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-sent-more-humanitarian-aid-to-lebanon-172659">"Turkey sent more humanitarian aid to Lebanon"</a>. <i>Hürriyet Daily News</i>. 2 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Turkey+sent+more+humanitarian+aid+to+Lebanon&rft.date=2022-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fturkey-sent-more-humanitarian-aid-to-lebanon-172659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/humanitarian-aid-ship-t-rkiye-reached-lebanon">"Humanitarian Aid Ship from Türkiye Reached Lebanon - Lebanon"</a>. <i>reliefweb.int</i>. 7 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=reliefweb.int&rft.atitle=Humanitarian+Aid+Ship+from+T%C3%BCrkiye+Reached+Lebanon+-+Lebanon&rft.date=2022-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Flebanon%2Fhumanitarian-aid-ship-t-rkiye-reached-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/world-news/middle-east-dont-use/turkey-lebanons-hezbollah-should-leave-syria">"Turkey: Lebanon's Hezbollah Should Leave Syria | Voice of America - English"</a>. <i>www.voanews.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.voanews.com&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+Lebanon%27s+Hezbollah+Should+Leave+Syria+%26%23124%3B+Voice+of+America+-+English&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fworld-news%2Fmiddle-east-dont-use%2Fturkey-lebanons-hezbollah-should-leave-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1549146/middle-east">"Lebanon summons Turkish ambassador after president raised Ottoman era atrocities"</a>. <i>Arab News</i>. 3 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Lebanon+summons+Turkish+ambassador+after+president+raised+Ottoman+era+atrocities&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1549146%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/fr/genocide/current_status.html">International Affirmation of the Armenian Genocide</a>, armeniaforeignministry.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aa-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aa_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aa_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkey-ready-to-send-more-aid-to-lebanon/1935552#">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Turkey ready to send more aid to Lebanon'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>aa.com</i>. 8 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aa.com&rft.atitle=%27Turkey+ready+to+send+more+aid+to+Lebanon%27&rft.date=2020-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkey-ready-to-send-more-aid-to-lebanon%2F1935552%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALebanon%E2%80%93Turkey+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lebanon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-lebanon.en.mfa">Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Lebanon</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Lebanon&#124;link=Lebanon_Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon" title="Foreign relations of Lebanon">Foreign relations of Lebanon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Libya_relations" title="Lebanon–Libya relations">Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Lebanon"><img alt="Coat of arms of Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="208" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Argentina–Lebanon relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Brazil–Lebanon relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Canada–Lebanon relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Chile–Lebanon relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Lebanon–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Lebanon–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Lebanon–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Armenia–Lebanon relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Bangladesh–Lebanon relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="China–Lebanon relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="India–Lebanon relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Indonesia–Lebanon relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Iran–Lebanon relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Iraq–Lebanon relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Israel–Lebanon relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Jordan–Lebanon relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Lebanon–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Lebanon–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" title="Lebanon–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Lebanon–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Lebanon–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Lebanon–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Cyprus–Lebanon relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="France–Lebanon relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Germany–Lebanon relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Greece–Lebanon relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Holy See–Lebanon relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Italy–Lebanon relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Kosovo–Lebanon relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Lebanon–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Lebanon–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Lebanon–Spain relations">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Lebanon–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Lebanon–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Lebanon" title="List of diplomatic missions of Lebanon">Diplomatic missions of Lebanon</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Lebanon" title="List of diplomatic missions in Lebanon">in Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_diaspora" title="Lebanese diaspora">Lebanese diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Lebanese_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Lebanon" title="Visa policy of Lebanon">Visa policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Template:Foreign relations of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations of Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Bilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">Bilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Angola–Turkey relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Cameroon–Turkey relations">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Central African Republic–Turkey relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Chad–Turkey relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Turkey relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–Turkey relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Equatorial Guinea–Turkey relations">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Gabon–Turkey relations">Gabon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burundi%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Burundi–Turkey relations">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Djibouti–Turkey relations">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Eritrea–Turkey relations">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ethiopia–Turkey relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Kenya–Turkey relations">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Madagascar–Turkey relations">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Malawi–Turkey relations">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Mauritius–Turkey relations">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Mozambique–Turkey relations">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Rwanda–Turkey relations">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Seychelles–Turkey relations">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Somalia–Turkey relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="South Sudan–Turkey relations">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Sudan–Turkey relations">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Tanzania–Turkey relations">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Uganda_relations" title="Turkey–Uganda relations">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Zambia_relations" title="Turkey–Zambia relations">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Turkey–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Algeria–Turkey relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Egypt–Turkey relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Libya–Turkey relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Morocco–Turkey relations">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Tunisia–Turkey relations">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Namibia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Namibia–Turkey relations">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="South Africa–Turkey relations">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benin%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Benin–Turkey relations">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Burkina Faso–Turkey relations">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Cape Verde–Turkey relations">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ivory Coast–Turkey relations">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambia–Turkey relations">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ghana–Turkey relations">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Guinea–Turkey relations">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Guinea-Bissau–Turkey relations">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Liberia–Turkey relations">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Mali–Turkey relations">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Mauritania–Turkey relations">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Niger–Turkey relations">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Nigeria–Turkey relations">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Senegal–Turkey relations">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Sierra Leone–Turkey relations">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Togo–Turkey relations">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas–Turkey relations">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Cuba–Turkey relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Dominican Republic–Turkey relations">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Haiti–Turkey relations">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines–Turkey relations">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Trinidad and Tobago–Turkey relations">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Costa Rica–Turkey relations">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Guatemala–Turkey relations">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Nicaragua–Turkey relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Panama–Turkey relations">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Canada–Turkey relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Mexico–Turkey relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Turkey–United States relations">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Argentina–Turkey relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Bolivia–Turkey relations">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Brazil–Turkey relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Chile–Turkey relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Colombia–Turkey relations">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ecuador–Turkey relations">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguay%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Paraguay–Turkey relations">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Peru–Turkey relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Suriname–Turkey relations">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Turkey–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Turkey–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Afghanistan–Turkey relations">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Kazakhstan–Turkey relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Kyrgyzstan–Turkey relations">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Tajikistan–Turkey relations">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Turkmenistan_relations" title="Turkey–Turkmenistan relations">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Uzbekistan_relations" title="Turkey–Uzbekistan relations">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="China–Turkey relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Japan–Turkey relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Mongolia–Turkey relations">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="North Korea–Turkey relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="South Korea–Turkey relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Taiwan–Turkey relations">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Bangladesh–Turkey relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="India–Turkey relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Maldives–Turkey relations">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Nepal–Turkey relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Pakistan–Turkey relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Sri Lanka–Turkey relations">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Brunei–Turkey relations">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Cambodia–Turkey relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="East Timor–Turkey relations">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Indonesia–Turkey relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Laos–Turkey relations">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Myanmar–Turkey relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Malaysia–Turkey relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Philippines–Turkey relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Singapore–Turkey relations">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Thailand–Turkey relations">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Turkey–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Armenia–Turkey relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Turkey relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Bahrain–Turkey relations">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Georgia–Turkey relations">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Abkhazia–Turkey relations">Abkhazia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Iran–Turkey relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Iraq–Turkey relations">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Kurdistan Region–Turkey relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Israel–Turkey relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Jordan–Turkey relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Kuwait–Turkey relations">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Oman–Turkey relations">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Palestine–Turkey relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Qatar–Turkey relations">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Syria–Turkey relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Turkey–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Yemen_relations" title="Turkey–Yemen relations">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Czech Republic–Turkey relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Hungary–Turkey relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Poland–Turkey relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Slovakia–Turkey relations">Slovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Belarus–Turkey relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Bulgaria–Turkey relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Moldova–Turkey relations">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Romania–Turkey relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Russia–Turkey relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Turkey–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Denmark–Turkey relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Estonia–Turkey relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Finland–Turkey relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Iceland–Turkey relations">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Ireland–Turkey relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Latvia–Turkey relations">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Lithuania–Turkey relations">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Norway–Turkey relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Sweden–Turkey relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Turkey–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Albania–Turkey relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Turkey relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Croatia–Turkey relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Greece–Turkey relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Italy–Turkey relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Kosovo–Turkey relations">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Malta–Turkey relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Montenegro–Turkey relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="North Macedonia–Turkey relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Northern Cyprus–Turkey relations">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Portugal–Turkey relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="San Marino–Turkey relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Serbia–Turkey relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Slovenia–Turkey relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Spain–Turkey relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Holy See–Turkey relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Austria–Turkey relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Belgium–Turkey relations">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="France–Turkey relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Germany–Turkey relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Luxembourg–Turkey relations">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Netherlands–Turkey relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Switzerland–Turkey relations">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Australasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Australia–Turkey relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="New Zealand–Turkey relations">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Melanesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Solomon Islands–Turkey relations">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal">Polynesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samoa%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Samoa–Turkey relations">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Tonga–Turkey relations">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Soviet Union–Turkey relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Turkey–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Multilateral_relations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">Multilateral</a> relations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%27s_membership_of_international_organizations" title="Turkey's membership of international organizations">International organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab League–Turkey relations">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="European Union–Turkey relations">European Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">Accession negotiations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_NATO" title="Turkey in NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_and_the_United_Nations" title="Turkey and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Treaty_Organization" title="Central Treaty Organization">Central Treaty Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact" title="Balkan Pact">First Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact_(1953)" title="Balkan Pact (1953)">Second Balkan Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding-left:75px;"><div id="Diplomacy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peace Agreements and Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Ankara_(1926)" title="Treaty of Ankara (1926)">Treaty of Ankara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Iraq–Turkey border">Border with Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Constantinople_(1913)" title="Treaty of Constantinople (1913)">Treaty of Constantinople</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Bulgaria–Turkey border">Border with Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Greece–Turkey border">Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kars" title="Treaty of Kars">Treaty of Kars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Armenia–Turkey border">Border with Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Azerbaijan–Turkey border">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Georgia–Turkey border">Georgia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Syria–Turkey border">Border with Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zuhab" title="Treaty of Zuhab">Treaty of Zuhab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Turkey_border" title="Iran–Turkey border">Border with Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Straits" title="Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits">Montreux Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">ECHR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Oil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baku%E2%80%93Tbilisi%E2%80%93Ceyhan_pipeline" title="Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline">Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkuk%E2%80%93Ceyhan_Oil_Pipeline" title="Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline">Kirkuk–Ceyhan pipeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus_Water_Supply_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Cyprus Water Supply Project">Northern Cyprus pipeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Stream" title="Blue Stream">Blue Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz%E2%80%93Ankara_pipeline" title="Tabriz–Ankara pipeline">Tabriz–Ankara pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Anatolian_gas_pipeline" title="Trans-Anatolian gas pipeline">Trans-Anatolian pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurkStream" title="TurkStream">TurkStream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_Express" title="Friendship Express">Greece–Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baku%E2%80%93Tbilisi%E2%80%93Kars_railway" title="Baku–Tbilisi–Kars railway">Azerbaijan–Georgia–Turkey</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Turkey" title="List of diplomatic missions of Turkey">Diplomatic missions of Turkey</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Turkey" title="List of diplomatic missions in Turkey">in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)">Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_diplomats" title="List of Turkish diplomats">Diplomatic corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: 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