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Mengenbegriff in der Mengenlehre • 123mathe

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single-layout-1"><header class="entry-header ast-no-thumbnail"><h1 class=entry-title itemprop=headline>Mengenbegriff in der Mengenlehre</h1><div class=entry-meta><span class=ast-terms-link><a href=https://123mathe.de/category/mathematik/aussagen-und-mengen>Aussagen und Mengen</a>, <a href=https://123mathe.de/category/mathematik>Mathematik</a></span></div></header><div class="entry-content clear" itemprop=text><p>In diesem Beitrag gebe ich eine Einführung in die Mengenlehre. Zuerst <strong>definiere</strong> ich die wichtigen<strong> Begriffe: Mathematische Definition der Menge, Elemente, Objekte, leere Menge</strong>. Danach stelle ich die <strong>Darstellung von Mengen, die Mengenschreibweise in beschreibender Form</strong> und die <strong>Darstellung einer Menge im Mengendiagramm </strong>vor. Anschließend verdeutliche ich dies anhand von <strong>Beispielen</strong>.<h2><b class=def>Mathematische Definition der </b><b class=def>Menge</b><b class=def>:</b></h2><p>Eine <strong><i class=merk>Menge</i></strong> ist die Zusammenfassung bestimmter, wohlunterschiedener <strong><i class=merk>Objekte </i></strong>zu einem Ganzen. Diese Objekte werden <strong><i class=merk>Elemente</i> </strong>der Menge genannt werden<strong><i>.</i></strong><br>Bitte verwechselt Sie jedoch den Mengenbegriff nicht mit dem umgangssprachlichen Begriff Menge im Sinne von viel!<br>In der Definition bedeutet <strong>bestimmte Objekte</strong>, dass man genau entscheiden muss, ob das Element zur Menge gehört.<br>Wohlunterschieden bedeutet, dass jedes Element nur einmal in der Menge enthalten ist. Es dürfen also nicht mehrere gleiche Elemente in einer Menge vorhanden sein. Das mehrfach vorkommende Element wird dabei nur einmal in der Menge aufgeführt. Eine Menge, die kein Element enthält, wird <strong><i class=merk>leere Menge</i></strong> genannt.<br>Im folgenden stelle ich Beispiele aus der Mathematik vor.<p>Mengen werden dargestellt mit Hilfe der <strong><i class=merk>Mengenklammern,</i> </strong>in denen man die Elemente aufzählt.<p>Eine andere Darstellung ist das Mengendiagramm (<strong><i class=merk>Euler</i> </strong>– oder <strong><i class=merk>Venn</i> </strong>– Diagramm). Dabei werden die Elemente in das Diagramm eingetragen.<hr noshade size=1><p> <h2 class=px>Darstellung von Mengen</h2><div class=px><p>Symbole für Mengen sind große Buchstaben, z.B. A, B, M, …..<br>Symbole für Elemente sind z.B. kleine Buchstaben oder auch Zahlen a, b, c, x, y, …1, 2, 3, 99, …..<br>Mengenschreibweise in <strong>aufzählender Form</strong>: A = {a; b; c; d}<p>Dies spricht man so aus: A ist die Menge mit den Elementen a, b, c, d<p><img decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/formel/f_560.gif alt=f_560 width=300 height=45 border=0><p><img decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/formel/f_561.gif alt=f_561 width=564 height=77 border=0><p><img decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/formel/f_562.gif alt=f_562 width=384 height=26 border=0><h2>Mengenschreibweise in beschreibender Form:</h2><p><img loading=lazy decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/formel/f_563.gif alt=f_563 width=360 height=21 border=0><p>Dies spricht man so aus: B ist die Menge aller Elemente x, für die gilt: x ist größer oder gleich -3 und kleiner oder gleich 1 und x ist eine ganze Zahl.</div><h2>Darstellung einer Menge im Mengendiagramm:</h2><p><img loading=lazy decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/designer/des_050.gif alt=des_050 width=186 height=157 border=0><h3><b class=sfbeispiel>Beispiel:</b></h3><p>Geben Sie die Menge der geraden natürlichen Zahlen zwischen 9 und 25 an! Und zwar in aufzählender und beschreibender Form sowie im Mengendiagramm.<p><img loading=lazy decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/formel/f_564.gif alt=f_564 width=373 height=26 border=0><p><img loading=lazy decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/formel/f_565.gif alt=f_565 width=612 height=21 border=0><p>Mengendiagramm: <img loading=lazy decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/designer/des_051.gif alt=des_051 width=205 height=138 align=middle border=0><h3><b class=sfbeispiel>Beispiel:</b></h3><p>Die Menge A ist in aufzählender Form geschrieben. Enwickeln Sie eine beschreibende Form!<p><img loading=lazy decoding=async src=https://www.brinkmann-du.de/mathe/fos/formel/f_566.gif alt=f_566 width=481 height=76 border=0><p>Im nächsten Beitrag geht es um <a href=https://123mathe.de/mengen-eigenschaften>Eigenschaften von Mengen.</a><p><strong>Hier findest du eine <a href=https://123mathe.de/aussagen-und-mengen-uebersicht>Übersicht über alle Beiträge und Aufgaben zum Thema Aussagen und Mengen</a>, darin auch Links zu Aufgaben.</strong></div></div></article><nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label=Beitragsnavigation><span class=screen-reader-text>Beitragsnavigation</span><div class=nav-links><div class=nav-previous><a title="Verknüpfung von Aussagen in der Mathematik" href=https://123mathe.de/verknuepfung-von-aussagen rel=prev><span class=ast-left-arrow>←</span> Vorheriger Beitrag</a></div><div class=nav-next><a title="Eigenschaften von Mengen" href=https://123mathe.de/mengen-eigenschaften rel=next>Nächster Beitrag <span 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