Left-Hand Man | Student Voices | Learn Science at Scitable

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return false;" href="#" onmouseover="return displayOnMouseOverText(this);" title="Bookmark"><img title="Bookmark" class="nomargin borderNone pad2px" src="/scitable/natedimages/icon_bookmark.gif"/></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="marginbot20px fontSizeChange" id="fontSizeChange"> <div class="botbordergrey padbot2px"> <div class="fleft bold"> <span class="marginright5px bold">March 24, 2011</span> <span class="marginright5px">|</span> <span class="bold">By: </span> <span class="bold">Tara Tai</span> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="fright padtop15px hideForPrint"> <a class="padright10px" href="javascript:resizeFontScitable('fontSize11')"><span id="sizeNo1" class="px11 mousePointerHand lh22">Aa</span></a> <a class="padright10px" href="javascript:resizeFontScitable('fontSize15')"><span id="sizeNo2" class="px15 mousePointerHand lh22">Aa</span></a> <a class="padright10px" href="javascript:resizeFontScitable('fontSize20')"><span id="sizeNo3" class="mousePointerHand lh22 px20">Aa</span></a> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div id="blogParas" class="botbordergrey padbot4px clearfix margintopn34px "> <h1 id="blogTitle" class="nomargin h2Style fleft w600 padtop5px">Left-Hand Man</h1> <div class="articleContent"> <div class="clear"></div> <div class="contentSection"> <div class="sectionParas"> <p class="px13 nomargin"> <div id="orgCntNew"> <div id="trOutLine"></div> <div id="mainCntArtPageDivRedesign"> <div><img orgheight="500" orgwidth="489" thumbsrc="content/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/18929648/2_1.jpg" isthumbselected="false" src="http://www.nature.com/scitable/nated/../content/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/18929648/2_1.jpg" mce_src="nated/../content/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/ne0000/18929648/2_1.jpg" paraelementcaption="Left-hand||#|$||man" paraelementlegends="Courtesy||#|$||of||#|$||Tara||#|$||Tai" align="right">Recently, I watched <i>The King's Speech</i>, the Academy Award-winning biopic starring Colin Firth and Geoffrey Rush. While I sat down to the film as much out of a vague interest in the subject matter as a feeling that I ought to after all its Oscar buzz, I got up two and some hours later with newfound curiosity in the link between stuttering and left-handedness. A neurobiologist at the core, I found myself positing the popularly contested question: Are handedness and language development linked? If so, does the prevalence of stuttering among lefties connote a common psychological or anatomical basis?</div><div> </div><div> </div><div> </div><div> </div><div><br/>A bit of cursory research unearthed some observations that actually increase the complexity of the matter. For one, people are not necessarily divisible into categories of "right-" or "left-" handed. Many scientists argue that instead, people are either "right-handed" or "non-right-handed."<sup>1</sup> Other researchers propose that handedness falls along a spectrum, with the majority of the human population preferring their right hand to their left, and a small percentage of people preferring their left or even having no preference at all (ambidextrous). And that's not all. Although for most people language specialization occurs in the left-hemisphere — both <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca%27s_area" mce_href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca%27s_area">Broca's</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area" mce_href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area">Wernicke's</a> areas are found in the left-hemisphere — somewhere between 5% and 30% of people have either right-hemisphere or non-lateralized language specialization.<sup>2</sup></div><p><br/>So from the outset, the debate is one complicated by a lack of standard, accepted definitions. Without such a framework, it is difficult to neatly categorize all the existing scientific literature. In spite of this, I have narrowed down the available information to a few bare facts.</p><ul><li>The ratio of lefties to righties has remained constant throughout history at 1:9.</li><li>About 70% to 95% of people have left-hemisphere language specialization.</li><li>About 1% of the human population stutters, more males than females.</li><li>Many studies have both empirically and observationally demonstrated a link between left-handedness and stuttering.<sup>3</sup></li></ul><p> </p><p> </p><p>That's not too much to go on. And what there is to go on is convoluted, confusing, and hotly-debated. So what's a study that could potentially advance us toward a more definitive solution? Barring more invasive (and therefore more ethically questionable tests) I propose taking a large simple random sample of eighteen-month-old babies. (Handedness usually develops between eighteen and thirty-six months.<sup>4</sup>) By conducting a long-term observational study of these babies, charting both handedness and language development throughout the months, it should be possible to monitor what kinds of correlations exist between the progression of hand preference and the onset of stuttering. Moreover, by enlisting a large sample of babies and observing them throughout their childhood, it would additionally be possible to take psychological effects into consideration; that is, researchers could ensure parents and/or teachers aren't confounding the results by forcing the subjects to adopt a non-dominant hand and thereby potentially triggering a psychological state in which stuttering is a symptom.</p><p>Hypothetically speaking, according to causal hypotheses that state stuttering is a consequence of forced handedness, as fewer and fewer parents coerce their children into adopting a non-dominant hand as dominant, the percentage of stutterers should decrease. Yet no such decrease has been observed. This simple piece of evidence casts doubt on a common psychological basis for lefties and stutterers. Much more likely, in my opinion, is a shared neuroanatomical feature driving abnormal brain lateralization that occasionally, though not always, causes both left-handedness (or non-right-handedness) and stuttering. Clues confirming this possibility scattered themselves like bread crumbs throughout my research. For one, the brain hemispheres exhibit oppositional control (i.e., the left-hemisphere controls the right side of the body and vice versa). As both speech and handedness require fine motor control, it is possible that the human brain evolved the two together to avoid redundancy; thus, as language centers are generally found in the left-hemisphere, most people are righties. Yet about 25% of lefties process speech across the two hemispheres, and as I earlier described, not all humans have left-hemisphere language specialization. Take this a step further and it becomes feasible that for about 10% of the human population, fine motor control is somewhat developmentally "shifted" or "misplaced" from its usual position, resulting in left-handedness and, in extreme cases, stuttering.</p><p>Back in the day, the right-hand men of great leaders were also oftentimes the second-in-command: military or political assistants who provided invaluable services to the king or emperor. They were known as "right-hand men" because they were seen as symbolic of the leader's might, his sword hand, and his iron fist. Yet history is littered with a higher-than-proportional number of left-handed rulers. Alexander the Great, Joan of Arc, and Napoleon from days of old; Queen Victoria, Fidel Castro, and Barack Obama from days of new. In fact, 8 of the 44 US presidents have been left-handed, approximately 8.2% more than 10%; moreover, several psychologists have promoted the idea that lefties have personality traits particularly well-suited for political work, such as pushiness, dominance, and shrewdness.<sup>5</sup> Given this odd statistic, it seems that lefties have more to say to the world than Morse code speech; whatever physiological differences are granted to them also seem to imbue at least some of them with a greater ability to lead. All that remains is for neurobiologists to elucidate exactly what hand brain lateralization has in the development of a panoply of characteristics, from handedness and language to leadership skills. In the meanwhile, maybe it's time to rethink the age-old term "right-hand man".</p><p>Image Credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abhi_ryan/2097556320/" mce_href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abhi_ryan/2097556320/">*_Abhi_*</a> (via <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abhi_ryan/" mce_href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/abhi_ryan/">Flickr</a>)</p><p>References:</p><p><span class="Z3988">Jones, R. K. (1966). Observations on stammering after localized cerebral injury. <span style="font-style: italic;">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 29</span>, 192-195 PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5937632" rev="review">5937632</a></span> </p><p><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Perceptual+and+Motor+Skills&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5454044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fresearchblogging.org&rft.atitle=Handedness%3A+proficiency+versus+stated+preference.&rft.issn=0031-5125&rft.date=1970&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=&rft.spage=343&rft.epage=362&rft.artnum=&rft.au=Barnsley%2C+R.+H.&rft.au=Rabinovitch%2C++M.+S.&rfe_dat=bpr3.included=1;bpr3.tags=Biology%2COther%2CNeuroscience">1. Barnsley, R. H., & Rabinovitch, M. S. (1970). Handedness: proficiency versus stated preference. <span style="font-style: italic;">Perceptual and Motor Skills, 30</span>, 343-362 PMID: <a rev="review" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5454044">5454044</a></span> </p><p>2. <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Neurosciences&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0166-2236%2884%2980085-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fresearchblogging.org&rft.atitle=Right+hemisphere%27s+role+in+language%2C+affective+behavior%2C+and+emotion&rft.issn=01662236&rft.date=1984&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=&rft.spage=342&rft.epage=346&rft.artnum=http%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0166223684800855&rft.au=Ross%2C+E.&rfe_dat=bpr3.included=1;bpr3.tags=Biology%2COther%2CNeuroscience">Ross, E. (1984). Right hemisphere's role in language, affective behavior, and emotion <span style="font-style: italic;">Trends in Neurosciences, 7</span>, 342-346 DOI: <a rev="review" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236%2884%2980085-5">10.1016/S0166-2236(84)80085-5</a></span></p><p>3. <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Heredity&rft_id=info%3A%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fresearchblogging.org&rft.atitle=Left-handedness+and+stuttering&rft.issn=&rft.date=1933&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=&rft.spage=387&rft.epage=390&rft.artnum=&rft.au=Bryngelson%2C+B.&rft.au=Clark%2C+T.&rfe_dat=bpr3.included=1;bpr3.tags=Biology%2COther%2CNeuroscience">Bryngelson, B., & Clark, T. (1933). Left-handedness and stuttering <span style="font-style: italic;">Journal of Heredity, 24</span>, 387-390</span></p><p>4. Santrock, J. W. A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development. 5th ed. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2008: 172-205.<br/></p><p>5. Niedowski, E. "The Curious Creation of Left-handed Leaders." <i>The National</i>. July 28, 2008. </p> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"><div class="fright inlineForPrintRightComment"><span class="bold marginright5px">1 Comment</span> </div></div> <div class="cleartboth"></div> </div> <div class="comments marginbot25px" id="commentsId"> <div class="barcolor margintop1px marginbot17px h20 padleft10px clearfix"> <img class="padtop1px fleft" alt="Comments" title="Comments" src="/scitable/natedimages/blogcomments.gif"/> </div> <div class="padleft10px fontSizeChange"> <div class="clearfix"> <div class="fleft bold inlineForPrint">March 24, 2011 | 09:13 PM</div> <div class="fright inlineForPrintRight"> <span class="bold">Posted By: </span> <span class="bold">Khalil A. Cassimally</span> </div> </div> <div> It's interesting that the picture depicts a man's right hand though! </div> </div> </div> <div> <input type="hidden" name="weblogEntryId" id="weblogEntryId" value="183467"> <input type="hidden" name="weblogHandle" id="weblogHandle" value="5"> <input type="hidden" name="weblogEntryAnchor" id="weblogEntryAnchor" value="lefthand_man"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="weblogEntryId" id="weblogEntryId" value="183467"> <input type="hidden" name="weblogHandle" id="weblogHandle" value="5"> <input type="hidden" name="weblogEntryAnchor" id="weblogEntryAnchor" value="lefthand_man"> <input type="hidden" name="commentPosted" id="commentPosted" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="commentAuthenticated" id="commentAuthenticated" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="isPreview" id="isPreview" value="" /> <div id="shareWIthOthers" class="shareBox"> <div class="edge padleft90px"><img src="/scitable/natedimages/pointedge.gif" alt="" /></div> <div 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alt="Blogger Profiles" src="/scitable/profileimage/blog-images/5/1370985968340_blog_img_leftail_StudetVoices.jpg"/> </div> <div class="leftRailContent"> <div id="leftBlog" class="lrContentHead"> <img src="/scitable/natedimages/recent_posts.gif" alt="Recent Posts" title="Recent Posts" /> </div> <div id="blogs-tab-content" class="view-discuss-blog-content"> <ul class="vertIndentList"> <div id="leftBlogPage_1"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/fish_skin_bandaids_a_natural'> <b>May 27, 2015</b><br/> Fish Skin Band-Aids: a natural way to speed wou... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/do_8220smart_pills8221_really_make'> <b>March 19, 2014</b><br/> Do “Smart Pills” Really Make You Sm... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_invasive_species_wriggling_beneath'> <b>February 24, 2014</b><br/> The Invasive Species Wriggling Beneath Your Feet </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/getting_the_straight_dope_on'> <b>December 09, 2013</b><br/> Getting the Straight Dope on Weed </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_2" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_delta_fingerprint_anthropogenic_climate'> <b>October 07, 2013</b><br/> The Delta Fingerprint: Anthropogenic Climate Ch... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/keep_it_simple_students_mapping'> <b>September 30, 2013</b><br/> Keep It Simple Students: Mapping the Biological... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/keep_it_simple_students_how'> <b>September 25, 2013</b><br/> Keep It Simple Students: How You Were Copied </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/keep_it_simple_students_camouflage'> <b>September 19, 2013</b><br/> Keep It Simple Students: Camouflage </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_3" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/nietzsches_butterfly_an_introduction_to'> <b>September 04, 2013</b><br/> Nietzsche's Butterfly: An Introduction to Chaos... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/obituary_kepler_spacecraft_8220planet_hunter8221'> <b>August 23, 2013</b><br/> Obituary: Kepler Spacecraft “Planet Hunte... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_poets_of_starlight'> <b>July 26, 2013</b><br/> The Poets of Starlight </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/socks_the_doctor_and_the'> <b>July 10, 2013</b><br/> Socks, the Doctor and the End of the Universe </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_4" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/poo_transplants_sniffing_out_the'> <b>June 18, 2013</b><br/> Poo Transplants: Sniffing Out the Story </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/we8217re_launching_ten_new_blogs'> <b>May 23, 2013</b><br/> We’re Launching Ten New Blogs and One New... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/misophonia_enraged_by_everyday_sounds'> <b>May 16, 2013</b><br/> Misophonia: Enraged by Everyday Sounds </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/male_black_widows_sniff_out'> <b>May 14, 2013</b><br/> Male Black Widows Sniff Out Femme Fatales </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_5" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_science_of_earth_and'> <b>May 13, 2013</b><br/> The Science of Earth and the Human Policies tha... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/dream_catcher_the_neuroscience_behind'> <b>May 08, 2013</b><br/> Dream Catcher: The Neuroscience Behind Decoding... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/if_your_head_is_in'> <b>February 04, 2013</b><br/> If Your Head Is In the Clouds At Least It Won't... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_foundation_of_cosmetics'> <b>October 11, 2012</b><br/> The Foundation of Cosmetics </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_6" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30daygreen_day_19_synthetic_meat'> <b>October 05, 2012</b><br/> #30DayGreen Day 19: Synthetic Meat </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30daygreen_day_12_hard_times'> <b>September 28, 2012</b><br/> #30DayGreen Day 12: Hard Times </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30daygreen_day_8_green_bathroom'> <b>September 24, 2012</b><br/> #30DayGreen Day 8: Green Bathroom </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30daygreen_day_5_recycling_right'> <b>September 23, 2012</b><br/> #30DayGreen Day 5: Recycling Right </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_7" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30daygreen_day_3_carnivores'> <b>September 20, 2012</b><br/> #30DayGreen Day 3: Carnivores </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_designers_detritus_encode_junk'> <b>September 20, 2012</b><br/> The Designer's Detritus: ENCODE, Junk DNA, and ... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30daygreen_day_2'> <b>September 19, 2012</b><br/> #30DayGreen Day 2. Talking Rubbish: The Indian ... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30_days_of_green_day'> <b>September 17, 2012</b><br/> 30 Days of Green: Day 1 </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_8" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/30daygreen_a_scitable_recycling_challenge'> <b>September 10, 2012</b><br/> #30DayGreen: A Scitable Recycling Challenge </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/how_we_represent_risk_isnt'> <b>August 30, 2012</b><br/> How We Represent Risk Isn't Helping Medical Scr... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/an_ecology_of_houses'> <b>August 21, 2012</b><br/> An Ecology of Houses </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/occupy_aloha_2012_a_tribute'> <b>August 10, 2012</b><br/> Occupy ALOHA 2012: A tribute to Bob Dylan </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_9" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/once_upon_a_time_the'> <b>August 01, 2012</b><br/> Once upon a time: The possible story of viruses </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/skepticism_and_the_second_enlightenment'> <b>July 26, 2012</b><br/> Skepticism And The Second Enlightenment </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/of_misplaced_pride_and_everlasting'> <b>July 19, 2012</b><br/> Of (misplaced) Pride and (everlasting) Prejudice </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/how_about_that_cup_of'> <b>July 13, 2012</b><br/> How About That Cup Of Coffee? </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_10" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_great_8220detox8221_deception'> <b>July 10, 2012</b><br/> The Great “Detox” Deception </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/painless_injections'> <b>July 08, 2012</b><br/> Painless Injections </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/why_walk_when_you_can'> <b>June 29, 2012</b><br/> Why walk when you can jump? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/to_be_or_not_to'> <b>June 21, 2012</b><br/> To be or not to be good science </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_11" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/cell_phones_and_health_hazards'> <b>June 12, 2012</b><br/> Cell Phones and Health Hazards: Mythbusting in ... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/what_statistics_can_teach_us'> <b>June 04, 2012</b><br/> What Statistics Can Teach Us About History (and... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/im_not_a_speciesist_but'> <b>June 01, 2012</b><br/> I'm not a speciesist, but... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/how_whales_fly'> <b>May 07, 2012</b><br/> How Whales Fly? </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_12" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/a_case_for_oral_contraceptives'> <b>April 28, 2012</b><br/> A Case for Oral Contraceptives </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/managing_expectations_and_views_in'> <b>March 17, 2012</b><br/> Managing views and expectations in science </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/a_peek_on_8220lenses_on'> <b>March 05, 2012</b><br/> A Peek on “Lenses on Biology” </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_messenger_goddess_of_exercise'> <b>February 23, 2012</b><br/> The messenger goddess of exercise </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_13" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/preparing_for_the_pandemic'> <b>February 01, 2012</b><br/> Preparing for the pandemic </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/veggie_tales'> <b>December 16, 2011</b><br/> Veggie Tales and the Environment </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/do_our_brains_determine_our'> <b>November 28, 2011</b><br/> Do Our Brains Determine Our Facebook Friend Count? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/flying_frogs'> <b>November 28, 2011</b><br/> Flying Frogs </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_14" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/a_closer_look_at_quantum'> <b>November 09, 2011</b><br/> A Closer Look at Quantum Levitation </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/shortcuts_for_supercentenarians'> <b>October 26, 2011</b><br/> Shortcuts for supercentenarians </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/reconstructing_the_minds_eye'> <b>October 05, 2011</b><br/> Reconstructing the Mind's Eye </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/one_mans_peptic_ulcer_earns'> <b>October 03, 2011</b><br/> Peptic Ulcers and a Nobel Prize </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_15" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/genetic_algorithms'> <b>September 15, 2011</b><br/> Genetic Algorithms: Harnessing Natural Selection </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/spore_ballistics'> <b>September 10, 2011</b><br/> Spore Ballistics </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/chasing_earthquakes'> <b>September 04, 2011</b><br/> Chasing Earthquakes </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/earthquakes_and_social_media'> <b>September 02, 2011</b><br/> Earthquakes and Social Media </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_16" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/artificial_photosynthesis_adapting_nature8217s_energy'> <b>August 23, 2011</b><br/> Artificial Photosynthesis: Adapting Nature&#821... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/butterflies_prevent_forgery'> <b>August 21, 2011</b><br/> Butterflies Prevent Forgery? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/fluid_dynamics_from_felis_catus'> <b>August 09, 2011</b><br/> Fluid Dynamics from Felis catus </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/keeping_cool_with_biomimicry'> <b>August 08, 2011</b><br/> Keeping Cool with Biomimicry </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_17" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_age_of_mindcontrolled_computers'> <b>August 04, 2011</b><br/> The Age of Mind-Controlled Computers </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/in_athletics_a_technological_arms'> <b>August 04, 2011</b><br/> In athletics, a technological arms race </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/getting_shape_to_go_into'> <b>July 12, 2011</b><br/> Getting in Shape to Go into Space </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/of_biomimicry_and_learning_from'> <b>July 08, 2011</b><br/> Of Biomimicry and Learning From Ants </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_18" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/of_love_handles_and_losing'> <b>July 07, 2011</b><br/> Of Love Handles and Losing Weight </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_synthetic_biology_gets'> <b>June 27, 2011</b><br/> Guest Post: Synthetic Biology Gets More Digital </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/inspirational_research_has_reopened_my'> <b>June 24, 2011</b><br/> Inspirational Research Has Re-opened My Eyes </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/smelly_hangups_for_mosquitoes_and'> <b>June 17, 2011</b><br/> Smelly Hangups for Mosquitoes... and Bedbugs? </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_19" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/to_use_or_not_to'> <b>June 10, 2011</b><br/> To Use or Not to Use: Cellphones and Health </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/nutrition_guidelines_from_pyramid_to'> <b>June 09, 2011</b><br/> Nutrition Guidelines: From Pyramid to ‘Pi... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/gas_hub_threatens_dinosaur_footprints'> <b>June 02, 2011</b><br/> Gas Hub Threatens Dinosaur Footprints </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/an_xray_of_the_sky'> <b>May 26, 2011</b><br/> An X-Ray of the Sky </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_20" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/what_googles_chromebook_means_to'> <b>May 16, 2011</b><br/> What Google's Chromebook Means To Education </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/richard_branson_noble_conservationist_or'> <b>April 26, 2011</b><br/> Richard Branson: Noble Conservationist or Meddl... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/a_new_particle_could_spell'> <b>April 21, 2011</b><br/> New Particle Could Signal End of Standard Model </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/melbourne_says_no_to_medical'> <b>April 12, 2011</b><br/> Melbourne Says No to Medical Research Funding Cuts </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_21" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/some_like_it_very_very'> <b>March 31, 2011</b><br/> Some Like It Very, Very Hot </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/big_crayfish_could_be_key'> <b>March 29, 2011</b><br/> Big Crayfish Could Be Key to Population Stability </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/lefthand_man'> <b>March 24, 2011</b><br/> Left-Hand Man </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_unchanging_face_of_drug'> <b>March 22, 2011</b><br/> The Unchanging Face of Drug Discovery </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_22" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_rise_and_fall_of'> <b>March 17, 2011</b><br/> The Rise and Fall of Helium </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_sound_of_epigenetics'> <b>March 16, 2011</b><br/> The Sound of Epigenetics </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_false_dichotomy_of_the'> <b>March 15, 2011</b><br/> The False Dichotomy Of the Nature-Nurture Debate </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_tangle_of_the_naturenurture'> <b>March 10, 2011</b><br/> The Tangle of the Nature-Nurture Debate </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_23" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/rave_culture_correlation_doesnt_equal'> <b>March 08, 2011</b><br/> Rave Culture: Correlation Doesn't Equal Causation </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_end_of_the_shuttle'> <b>March 03, 2011</b><br/> The End of the Shuttle Era </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_cocaine_vaccine'> <b>March 01, 2011</b><br/> The Cocaine Vaccine </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/engineering_solar_bacteria'> <b>February 15, 2011</b><br/> Engineering Solar Bacteria </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_24" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_importance_of_translation'> <b>February 10, 2011</b><br/> The Importance of Translation </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_the_world_through'> <b>February 08, 2011</b><br/> Guest Post: The World Through Wired Eyes </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/earth_calling_space'> <b>February 03, 2011</b><br/> Earth Calling Space </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/beyond_bamboo_pandas_need_more'> <b>January 28, 2011</b><br/> Pandas Need More Than Just Shoots and Leaves </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_25" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/blaming_ourselves'> <b>January 25, 2011</b><br/> Blaming Ourselves </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/still_dont_drink_the_water'> <b>January 20, 2011</b><br/> Still Don't Drink the Water? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_forgotten_fathers'> <b>January 18, 2011</b><br/> The Forgotten Fathers </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/not_mentally_crazy'> <b>January 11, 2011</b><br/> Not Mentally Crazy </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_26" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/storytime'> <b>January 04, 2011</b><br/> Storytime </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/artificial_human_ovary'> <b>December 28, 2010</b><br/> Artificial Human Ovary </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/ivf_why_were_making_the'> <b>December 21, 2010</b><br/> The Debate Around IVF </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_engineering_the_science'> <b>December 17, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: Engineering the Science of Today </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_27" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/such_great_heights'> <b>December 14, 2010</b><br/> Such Great Heights </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/pregnant_while_already_pregnant'> <b>December 07, 2010</b><br/> Pregnant While Already Pregnant </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/barcoding_guts'> <b>December 03, 2010</b><br/> Barcoding Guts </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_age_of_genomic_sequencing'> <b>November 30, 2010</b><br/> Genomic Sequencing and Information Bottleneck </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_28" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/interviewing_science_writers_melinda_wenner'> <b>November 25, 2010</b><br/> An Interview with Melinda Wenner Moyer </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_a_year_in'> <b>November 22, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: A Year in Neuroscience </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/dam'> <b>November 18, 2010</b><br/> Lessons from the Dam </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/interviewing_science_writers_ferris_jabr'> <b>November 16, 2010</b><br/> An Interview with Ferris Jabr </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_29" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_architecture_of_choice'> <b>November 11, 2010</b><br/> The Architecture of Choice </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_learning_from_the'> <b>November 09, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: Learning from the Luminaries </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/turing_test_cracked_by_a'> <b>November 04, 2010</b><br/> Cracking the Turing Test </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/can_microrna_cure_cocaine_addiction'> <b>November 02, 2010</b><br/> Can miRNA Cure Cocaine Addiction? </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_30" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/if_youre_reading_this_youre'> <b>October 28, 2010</b><br/> If You're Reading This, You're Probably Weird </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/lindau_meetings_hamilton_smith_on'> <b>October 26, 2010</b><br/> Lindau Meetings: Hamilton Smith on Miniature Ro... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/lindau_meetings_francoise_barresinoussi_on'> <b>October 26, 2010</b><br/> Lindau Meetings: Francoise Barre-Sinoussi on th... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/world_statistics_day'> <b>October 20, 2010</b><br/> World Statistics Day </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_31" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_golgi_apparatus'> <b>October 15, 2010</b><br/> The Golgi Apparatus </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/lindau_meetings_jack_szostak_on'> <b>October 12, 2010</b><br/> Lindau Meetings: Jack Szostak on the Origin of ... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/mighty_mitochondria'> <b>October 07, 2010</b><br/> Mighty Mitochondria </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/lindau_meetings_the_systems_skeptic'> <b>October 04, 2010</b><br/> Lindau Meetings: Tim Hunt on Systems Biology </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_32" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/a_long_wait_in_the'> <b>October 01, 2010</b><br/> A Long Wait in the Que </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/organelle_series_my_er_play'> <b>September 27, 2010</b><br/> My ER Play </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/cell_bio_at_scitable_is'> <b>September 21, 2010</b><br/> Cell Bio at Scitable is Coming! </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/stem_cells_please'> <b>September 10, 2010</b><br/> Stem Cells, Please? </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_33" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/an_eye_for_an_eye'> <b>August 30, 2010</b><br/> An Eye for an Eye? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/under_the_scalpel'> <b>August 24, 2010</b><br/> Under the Scalpel </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/color_and_depression_in_the'> <b>August 18, 2010</b><br/> Color and Depression in the Eye of the Beholder </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_if_you_build'> <b>August 10, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: If You Build It, They Will Come </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_34" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_assessing_the_risks'> <b>August 06, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: Assessing the Risks of Personal Gen... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_the_limits_of'> <b>August 05, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: The Limits of Science in Medicine a... </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_introduction_to_terry'> <b>August 04, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: Introduction to Terry </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/a_whiff_of_bee_evolution'> <b>July 30, 2010</b><br/> A Whiff of Bee Evolution </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_35" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/naturally_obsessed_the_making_of'> <b>July 27, 2010</b><br/> Naturally Obsessed: The Making of a Scientist </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/when_we_share_ideas_we'> <b>July 15, 2010</b><br/> When We Share Ideas, We All Get More </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/bee_happy'> <b>July 13, 2010</b><br/> Bee Happy? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/of_exams_and_world_cup'> <b>July 02, 2010</b><br/> Of Exams and World Cup </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_36" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/summer_science_fiction'> <b>June 23, 2010</b><br/> Summer Science Fiction </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_colorful_life_of_the'> <b>June 14, 2010</b><br/> The Colorful Life of the Rainbow Eucalyptus </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/oil_and_water'> <b>June 07, 2010</b><br/> Oil and Water </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/a_science_students_typical_day'> <b>June 04, 2010</b><br/> A Science Student's Typical Day: Colombian Edition </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_37" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_art_of_the_sloth'> <b>May 24, 2010</b><br/> The Art of the Sloth </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/synthetic_life_and_other_news'> <b>May 21, 2010</b><br/> Synthetic Life and Other News </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_scary_diseases_part'> <b>May 17, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: Scary Diseases Part 3 </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/guest_post_matt_schiller_of'> <b>May 07, 2010</b><br/> Guest Post: Matt Schiller of the AMSJ </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_38" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/get_contaminated'> <b>April 29, 2010</b><br/> Get Contaminated </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/learning_without_brains'> <b>April 22, 2010</b><br/> Learning without Brains? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/goes_down_the_drain'> <b>April 15, 2010</b><br/> Goes Down the Drain </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/dont_drink_the_water'> <b>April 08, 2010</b><br/> Don't Drink The Water? </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_39" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/deciphering_water'> <b>April 06, 2010</b><br/> Deciphering Water </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_water_series'> <b>March 31, 2010</b><br/> The Water Series </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/predicting_upsets'> <b>March 29, 2010</b><br/> Predicting Upsets </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/miraculous_miraculin'> <b>March 25, 2010</b><br/> Miraculous Miraculin </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_40" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/314159_day'> <b>March 16, 2010</b><br/> 3.14159 . . . Day </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/working_5_to_9'> <b>March 12, 2010</b><br/> Working "5 to 9" </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_mathematics_and_neurology_of'> <b>March 05, 2010</b><br/> The Mathematics and Neurology of Wonderland </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/whitneys_favorite_links'> <b>February 26, 2010</b><br/> Whitney's Favorite Links </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_41" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/khalils_favorite_links'> <b>February 23, 2010</b><br/> Khalil's Favorite Links </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/justines_favorite_links'> <b>February 19, 2010</b><br/> Justine's Favorite Links </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/taras_favorite_links'> <b>February 16, 2010</b><br/> Tara's Favorite Links </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/film_and_flora'> <b>February 12, 2010</b><br/> Film and Flora </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_42" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/are_we_friends_with_them'> <b>February 08, 2010</b><br/> Are We Friends with Them? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/of_gorgeous_sceneries_and_giant'> <b>February 01, 2010</b><br/> Of Gorgeous Sceneries and Giant Lizards </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/r2d2_go_3d2_stay'> <b>January 25, 2010</b><br/> R2D2 Go; 3D2 Stay? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/iavatari_power_in_surrender'> <b>January 20, 2010</b><br/> <i>Avatar</i>: Power in Surrender </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_43" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/iavatari_in_review'> <b>January 20, 2010</b><br/> <i>Avatar</i> in Review </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/prize_fight'> <b>January 11, 2010</b><br/> Prize Fight </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/copenhagen_far_from_the_end'> <b>January 08, 2010</b><br/> Copenhagen: Far from the End </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/getting_it_write'> <b>January 07, 2010</b><br/> Getting It Write </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_44" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/what_would_jesus_do'> <b>December 30, 2009</b><br/> What Would Jesus Do? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/finals_the_real_grinch'> <b>December 21, 2009</b><br/> Finals: The Real Grinch </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/let_it_snow'> <b>December 14, 2009</b><br/> Let It Snow </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/the_mouse_is_mightier_or'> <b>December 07, 2009</b><br/> The Mouse Is Mightier, or Is It? </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_45" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/chemistry_magic'> <b>November 30, 2009</b><br/> Chemistry Magic </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/stupak_or_a_step_back'> <b>November 24, 2009</b><br/> Stupak, or a Step Back? </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/beautiful_creative_science_photography'> <b>November 04, 2009</b><br/> Creative science photography </a> </li> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/pre_med_don_t_ask'> <b>October 29, 2009</b><br/> Pre-med Don't Ask, Dont Tell </a> </li> </div> <div id="leftBlogPage_46" style="display:none"> <li> <a href='http://www.nature.com/scitable/blog/student-voices/memorizing_techniques_from_around_the'> 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id="signInSplashLBFade" class="transparent_lightbox_overlay"></div> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> var linkListArray = {}; var globalIndex = -1; var globalHref = -1; </script> <div id="topicAssoDissoLBPopupNew" class="lightBoxPopup lightbox_popup_learnMore nopad" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden; width:720px !important; left:140px !important;"> </div> <div id="topicAssoDissoLBOverlayNew" class="transparent_lightbox_overlay"></div> <hr class='normalStrip'/> <div class="clear hide"></div> <div class='topicHead biology'> <img src="/scitable/natedimages/hdr_blog.gif" alt='Blogs' title='Blogs' /> </div> <div class="clear hide"></div> </div> <div id="siteNewHeaderOuter" class="hide"> </div> <input type="hidden" id="criteriaStringValue1" value="" /> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> //$(document).ready(function(){ try { /*$("#header").html($("#headerOuter").html()) ; $("#headerOuter").html('');*/ var str = document.getElementById("headerOuter").innerHTML; document.getElementById("headerOuter").innerHTML = ""; document.getElementById("header").innerHTML = str; if(document.getElementById("site-new-header-section")){ document.getElementById("site-new-header-section").innerHTML = document.getElementById("siteNewHeaderOuter").innerHTML; document.getElementById("site-new-header-section").style.display = 'block'; } // document.getElementById(). } catch(e) { } //}); placeBool = false; var signINReqMsgNonLoggedIN = "Scitable requires you to be signed in to use this feature. If you are not a member of Scitable, registration is free and easy. As a registered user you can have access to all content in Scitable, interact directly with community members, create a personal locker, start and join groups and discussions, and more"; var signINReqMsgNonLoggedINToolTip = "You have to be logged in to use this feature."; var collapseLabelPage = "View Fewer"; </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> var isTopicLandingPageFllg = ''; var topicID = '5'; var invToJoinGrpGrpID = ""; var currentPagerItem = 1; </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> var weblogId = '5'; var urlLoc = 'genetics-5'; var commentPostedAdmin = ''; var topicPageUrlPresent = ""; var entryId = null; var commentId = null; var commentPostedByUserId = null; var blogSpaceUrl = "student-voices"; var isBlogPageVdoPl = 'Y'; var fontSizeCookie = 'null'; function blogMainPage() { $(document).ready(function() { try { executeLoadedScript(document.getElementById('blogPollElement')); document.getElementById('blogPollElement').style.display = 'block'; alignLegend('hp'); } catch (err) { //alert(err); } }); try { loadContentBlockForBlog(); } catch(err) {} loadPermalink(); resizeFontScitable(fontSizeCookie); try { if(document.getElementById('autoShareEnabledForUser')){ window.setTimeout("checkFBLoginStatus('BLG', '"+weblogId+"')", 5000); } } catch(e){} } function loadContentBlockForBlog() { var cleanUrlContextPath = "/scitable"; var imgList = $("img", document.getElementById("blogParas")); var alignClass = "Left"; var marginTopClass = ""; var str = ""; var copyRightStr = ""; var paraelementcaption = ""; var captionprinty = ""; var paraelementlegends = ""; var legendprinty = ""; var paraelementfignums = ""; var paraelementcopyright = ""; var imageinsertyr = ""; var legalowner = ""; var termsofuse = ""; var copyrightflag = ""; var copyrightadditionaltextflag = ""; var copyRightAdditionalText = ""; var customlegalowner = ""; var imageCopyrightURL = ""; var licensetypepk = ""; var displaycopysymbol = ""; var displaylegalowner = ""; var displayimginsertyr = ""; var displaytermsofuse = ""; var displaycopydesc = ""; if (imgList != null) { for (var i=0; i< imgList.size();i++ ) { if (typeof imgList.eq(i).attr("media_src") == 'undefined' || imgList.eq(i).attr("media_src") == false) { if (imgList.eq(i).attr("align") == "right") { alignClass = "Right marginleft10px"; } else if (imgList.eq(i).attr("align") == "middle") { alignClass = "horzAlignCenter"; } else { alignClass = "Left marginright10px"; } if (isFirstParaLine(imgList.eq(i))) { marginTopClass = ""; } else { marginTopClass = "margintop5px"; } width = parseInt(imgList.eq(i).attr("width")) - 6; paraelementcaption = imgList.eq(i).attr("paraelementcaption"); if(paraelementcaption && paraelementcaption != '') { paraelementcaption = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(paraelementcaption); } else { paraelementcaption = ""; } captionprinty = imgList.eq(i).attr("captionprinty"); if(captionprinty && captionprinty != '') { captionprinty = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(captionprinty); } else { captionprinty = ""; } paraelementlegends = imgList.eq(i).attr("paraelementlegends"); if(paraelementlegends && paraelementlegends != '') { paraelementlegends = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(paraelementlegends); } else { paraelementlegends = ""; } legendprinty = imgList.eq(i).attr("legendprinty"); if(legendprinty && legendprinty != '') { legendprinty = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(legendprinty); } else { legendprinty = ""; } paraelementfignums = imgList.eq(i).attr("paraelementfignums"); if(paraelementfignums && paraelementfignums != '') { paraelementfignums = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(paraelementfignums); } else { paraelementfignums = ""; } paraelementcopyright = imgList.eq(i).attr("paraelementcopyright"); if(paraelementcopyright && paraelementcopyright != '') { paraelementcopyright = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(paraelementcopyright); } else { paraelementcopyright = ""; } imageinsertyr = imgList.eq(i).attr("imageinsertyr"); if(imageinsertyr && imageinsertyr != '') { imageinsertyr = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(imageinsertyr); } else { imageinsertyr = ""; } legalowner = imgList.eq(i).attr("legalowner"); if(legalowner && legalowner != '') { legalowner = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(legalowner); } else { legalowner = ""; } termsofuse = imgList.eq(i).attr("termsofuse"); if(termsofuse && termsofuse != '') { termsofuse = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(termsofuse); } else { termsofuse = ""; } customlegalowner = imgList.eq(i).attr("customlegalowner"); if(customlegalowner && customlegalowner != '') { customlegalowner = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(customlegalowner); } else { customlegalowner = ""; } licensetypepk = imgList.eq(i).attr("licensetypepk"); if(licensetypepk && licensetypepk != '') { licensetypepk = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(licensetypepk); } else { licensetypepk = ""; } copyrightflag = imgList.eq(i).attr("copyrightflag"); if(copyrightflag && copyrightflag != '') { copyrightflag = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(copyrightflag); } else { copyrightflag = ""; } copyrightadditionaltextflag = imgList.eq(i).attr("copyrightadditionaltextflag"); if(copyrightadditionaltextflag && copyrightadditionaltextflag != '') { copyrightadditionaltextflag = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(copyrightadditionaltextflag); } else { copyrightadditionaltextflag = ""; } copyRightAdditionalText = imgList.eq(i).attr("copyRightAdditionalText"); if(copyRightAdditionalText && copyRightAdditionalText != '') { copyRightAdditionalText = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(copyRightAdditionalText); } else { copyRightAdditionalText = ""; } imageCopyrightURL = imgList.eq(i).attr("imageCopyrightURL"); if(imageCopyrightURL && imageCopyrightURL != '') { imageCopyrightURL = replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(imageCopyrightURL); } else { imageCopyrightURL = ""; } displaycopysymbol = imgList.eq(i).attr("displaycopysymbol"); if(displaycopysymbol && displaycopysymbol != '') { // do nothing } else { displaycopysymbol = ""; } displaylegalowner = imgList.eq(i).attr("displaylegalowner"); if(displaylegalowner && displaylegalowner != '') { // do nothing } else { displaylegalowner = ""; } displayimginsertyr = imgList.eq(i).attr("displayimginsertyr"); if(displayimginsertyr && displayimginsertyr != '') { // do nothing } else { displayimginsertyr = ""; } displaytermsofuse = imgList.eq(i).attr("displaytermsofuse"); if(displaytermsofuse && displaytermsofuse != '') { // do nothing } else { displaytermsofuse = ""; } displaycopydesc = imgList.eq(i).attr("displaycopydesc"); if(displaycopydesc && displaycopydesc != '') { // do nothing } else { displaycopydesc = ""; } if (alignClass == "horzAlignCenter") str = "<div class='imageSet " + alignClass + "' style='width: " + width + "px;'><div style='width: " + width + "px;'>"; else str = "<div class='imageSet " + alignClass + "' style=''><div style=''>"; if(trim(paraelementcaption) != '') { str += "<img title=\"" + replaceSplSequenceWithSpace(imgList.eq(i).attr("paraelementcaption")) + "\" src=\"" + imgList.eq(i).attr("src") + "\"><div class=\"clear\"></div>"; } else { str += "<img src=\"" + imgList.eq(i).attr("src") + "\"><div class=\"clear\"></div>"; } if((captionprinty == "true" || captionprinty == "Y") && paraelementcaption != "") { paraelementcaption = "<div class=\"imageCaption pipeblack bold nopad\">" + paraelementcaption + "</div>"; } else { paraelementcaption = ""; } if((legendprinty == "true" || legendprinty == "Y") && paraelementlegends != "") { paraelementlegends = "<div class=\"imageLegend pipeblack nopad\">" + paraelementlegends + "</div>"; } else { paraelementlegends = ""; } copyRightStr = ""; //if(displaycopysymbol != "") { if(copyrightflag == "Y" || copyrightflag == "true") { if(displaycopysymbol == "Y") { copyRightStr += "© "; } if(displayimginsertyr == "Y" && trim(imageinsertyr) != '') { copyRightStr += imageinsertyr + " "; } if(displaylegalowner == "Y") { if(legalowner == 'Public Domain') { copyRightStr += legalowner + " "; } else { copyRightStr += " <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"" + imageCopyrightURL + "\" class=\"inlineLinks\">" + legalowner + "</a>"; } } if(trim(copyrightadditionaltextflag) != '' && copyrightadditionaltextflag == 'Y' && trim(copyRightAdditionalText) != '') { copyRightStr += copyRightAdditionalText + " "; } if(trim(licensetypepk) != '') { if(displaycopydesc == 'Y') { if(trim(paraelementcopyright) != '') { copyRightStr += " "+paraelementcopyright + " "; } } if(trim(termsofuse) != '' && displaytermsofuse == 'Y') { copyRightStr += "<a href=\"javascript:show_inform('Terms of Use', '" + replaceSpecialSequences(termsofuse) + "');\" class=\"inlineLinks\" title=\"View Terms of Use\">" + "<img class=\"nomargin infoImg nofloat\" height=\"13px\" width=\"13px\" src=\"" + cleanUrlContextPath + "/natedimages/info_icon.png\" /></a>"; } } } //} if(paraelementfignums != "" || paraelementcaption != "" || paraelementlegends != "" || copyRightStr != "") { str += "<div class=\"imageCaption pipeblack bold\" style=\"width:"+width+"px;\">"; if(paraelementcaption != "") { str += replaceSpecialSequences(paraelementcaption); } if(paraelementlegends != "") { str += replaceSpecialSequences(paraelementlegends); } if(copyRightStr != "") { str += "<div class=\"creditLine bold nopad\">" + copyRightStr + "</div>"; } str += "<div class=\"clear\"></div></div>"; } str += "</div></div>"; if (alignClass == "horzAlignCenter") str += "<div class=\"clear\"></div>"; imgList.eq(i).before(str); imgList.eq(i).remove(); } } } } function loadCaptchaImageBlogContent() { now = new Date(); var capchaUrl = baseURL+'jimager?flag=blogComment&count=' + now.getUTCDate() + now.getHours() + now.getMinutes() + now.getSeconds() + now.getUTCMilliseconds(); var msg = "<img src='" + capchaUrl + "' height='50' width='150'/>"; document.getElementById('captchaDivID').innerHTML = msg; } function processVideoFLV() { var videoList = $(".mceItemWindowsMedia", document.getElementById('articleContent')); if (videoList != null) { for (var i=0; i<videoList.size(); i++) { var align = videoList.eq(i).attr("align"); if(align == "left") { align = "Left"; } else if(align == "right") { align = "Right"; } var mediaSrc = videoList.eq(i).attr("media_src"); var videoStr = "<a name=\"anchEmbedImg_" + i + "\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"hidEmbedImg_" + i + "\" name=\"hidEmbedImg\" value=\"" + cleanBaseURL + mediaSrc + "\" />"; videoStr = videoStr + "<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"hidEmbedPlayerState\" id=\"hidEmbedPlayerState_" + i + "\" value=\"uninitedvideo\"/></a>"; videoStr = videoStr + "<span class=\"Photo imageSet " + align + " margintop20px marginbot20px\" align=\"" + align + "\" style=\"width: 322px !important; float: " + align + "\">"; videoStr = videoStr + "<span id=\"spanVideoPlayer_" + i + "\">"; videoStr = videoStr + "<noscript>"; videoStr = videoStr + "<object classid=\"clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=8\" "; videoStr = videoStr + "width=\"320\" height=\"220\" id=\"videoPlayer_" + i + "\" >"; videoStr = videoStr + "<param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">"; videoStr = videoStr + "<param name=\"allowScriptAccess\" value=\"always\">"; videoStr = videoStr + "<param name=\"FlashVars\" value=\"file=" + cleanBaseURL + mediaSrc + "&autostart=false&fullscreen=true&backcolor=0xffffff&stretching=exactfit&javascriptid=videoPlayer_" + i + "\">"; videoStr = videoStr + "<embed type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" pluginspage=\"http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer\" width=\"320\" height=\"220\" name=\"videoPlayer\" src=\"" + cleanBaseURL + "/nated/media/player.swf\" flashvars=\"file=" + cleanBaseURL + mediaSrc + "&autostart=false&fullscreen=true&backcolor=0xffffff&stretching=exactfit&javascriptid=videoPlayer_" + i + "\">"; videoStr = videoStr + "</embed></object></noscript></span></span>"; videoList.eq(i).before(videoStr); videoList.eq(i).remove(); } } } function processAudio() { var audioList = $(".mceItemRealMedia", document.getElementById('articleContent')); if (audioList != null) { for (var i=0; i<audioList.size(); i++) { var align = audioList.eq(i).attr("align"); if(align == "left") { align = "Left"; } else if(align == "right") { align = "Right"; } var mediaSrc = audioList.eq(i).attr("media_src"); var audioStr = "<span class=\"Photo imageSet " + align + " \" align=\"" + align + "\" style=\"width: 322px !important; float: " + align + "\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<div class=\"nomargin padleft4px pipeblack bold textalignleft\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<object style=\"margin-top:5px;float:left\" classid=\"clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=8\" width=\"320\" height=\"20\" id=\"audioPlayer_\"" + i + "\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<param name=\"movie\" value=\"" + cleanBaseURL + "/nated/media/mediaplayer.swf\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<param name=\"bgcolor\" value=\"#ffffff\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<param name=\"allowScriptAccess\" value=\"always\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<param name=\"swLiveConnect\" value=\"true\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<param name=\"FlashVars\" value=\"file=" + cleanBaseURL + mediaSrc + "&autostart=false&fullscreen=true&backcolor=0xffffff&stretching=exactfit&width=320&height=20&javascriptid=audioPlayer_" + i + "\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "<embed type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" pluginspage=\"http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer\" width=\"315\" height=\"20\" name=\"audioPlayer\" src=\"" + cleanBaseURL + "/nated/media/mediaplayer.swf\" flashvars=\"file=" + cleanBaseURL + mediaSrc + "&width=320&height=20&autostart=false&fullscreen=true&backcolor=0xffffff&stretching=exactfit&javascriptid=audioPlayer_" + i + "\">"; audioStr = audioStr + "</embed></object></div></span>"; audioList.eq(i).before(audioStr); audioList.eq(i).remove(); } } } function processVideoYouTube() { var align = $("span[name='externalMediaSpan']").attr("align"); $("span[name='externalMediaSpan'] img").remove(); $("span[name='externalMediaSpan']").css("margin", "5px").css("float", align); } </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cc-script="C04"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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