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Эффективлă температура — Википеди
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for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Тӗп меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тӗп меню</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Навигаци </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Тӗп страницӑна куҫ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Тӗп страница</span></a></li><li id="n-index" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8"><span>А-Я индекс</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-menu-heading"> Хутшăнасси </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Проект пирки, кунта мӗн тума май пулли ҫинчен, тата ӑҫта мӗн вырнаҫни пирки"><span>Портал</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%83"><span>Канашлу</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8:%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83" title="Ыйтса пӗлмелли вырӑн"><span>Пулăшу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BF_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Википеди" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-cv.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-cv.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Шырав [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Шырамалли</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Википеди сайтра шыра" aria-label="Википеди сайтра шыра" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Шырав [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Ятарлă:Поиск"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Шыра</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Курӑнакан калӑплав</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv" class=""><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр" class=""><span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Çĕр_чăмăрĕн_эффективлă_температури" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çĕр_чăмăрĕн_эффективлă_температури"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Çĕр чăмăрĕн эффективлă температури</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çĕр_чăмăрĕн_эффективлă_температури-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çавăн_пекех" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çавăн_пекех"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Çавăн пекех</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çавăн_пекех-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асăрхавсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асăрхавсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Асăрхавсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асăрхавсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Эффективлă температура</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 42 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiewe_temperatuur" title="Effektiewe temperatuur — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Effektiewe temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9" title="درجة الحرارة الفعالة — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="درجة الحرارة الفعالة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efectivo" title="Temperatura efectivo — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Temperatura efectivo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ефективна температура — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ефективна температура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efectiva" title="Temperatura efectiva — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Temperatura efectiva" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efektivn%C3%AD_teplota" title="Efektivní teplota — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Efektivní teplota" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_temperatur_(stjerne)" title="Effektiv temperatur (stjerne) — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Effektiv temperatur (stjerne)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektive_Temperatur" title="Effektive Temperatur — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Effektive Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ενεργός θερμοκρασία — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενεργός θερμοκρασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Effective temperature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efika_temperaturo" title="Efika temperaturo — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Efika temperaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efectiva" title="Temperatura efectiva — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Temperatura efectiva" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenperatura_efektibo" title="Tenperatura efektibo — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tenperatura efektibo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A4%D8%AB%D8%B1" title="دمای مؤثر — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دمای مؤثر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintal%C3%A4mp%C3%B6tila" title="Pintalämpötila — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pintalämpötila" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_effective" title="Température effective — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Température effective" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_efektif" title="Suhu efektif — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suhu efektif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okpom%E1%BB%8Dk%E1%BB%A5_d%E1%BB%8B_ir%C3%A8" title="Okpomọkụ dị irè — игбо" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Okpomọkụ dị irè" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="игбо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efficace" title="Temperatura efficace — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Temperatura efficace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%8A%B9%E6%B8%A9%E5%BA%A6" title="有効温度 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="有効温度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%BA%93%C9%A3elt_tamellilt" title="Taẓɣelt tamellilt — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taẓɣelt tamellilt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%ED%9A%A8%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="유효온도 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유효온도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_Temperatur" title="Effektiv Temperatur — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Effektiv Temperatur" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efektin%C4%97_temperat%C5%ABra" title="Efektinė temperatūra — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Efektinė temperatūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Делотворна температура — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Делотворна температура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu_berkesan" title="Suhu berkesan — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Suhu berkesan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effectieve_temperatuur" title="Effectieve temperatuur — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Effectieve temperatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_temperatur" title="Effektiv temperatur — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Effektiv temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_temperatur" title="Effektiv temperatur — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Effektiv temperatur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efektywna_(fizyka)" title="Temperatura efektywna (fizyka) — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Temperatura efektywna (fizyka)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatura_efetiva" title="Temperatura efetiva — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Temperatura efetiva" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83_efectiv%C4%83" title="Temperatură efectivă — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Temperatură efectivă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Эффективная температура — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эффективная температура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_temperature" title="Effective temperature — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Effective temperature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efektivna_temperatura" title="Efektivna temperatura — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Efektivna temperatura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effektiv_temperatur" title="Effektiv temperatur — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Effektiv temperatur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5" title="อุณหภูมิยังผล — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุณหภูมิยังผล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etkin_s%C4%B1cakl%C4%B1k" title="Etkin sıcaklık — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Etkin sıcaklık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ефективна температура — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ефективна температура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarador_harorat" title="Samarador harorat — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Samarador harorat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_hi%E1%BB%87u_d%E1%BB%A5ng" title="Nhiệt độ hiệu dụng — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt độ hiệu dụng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%BA%AB%E5%BA%A6" title="有效溫度 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="有效溫度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q854050#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Статьяна пăх [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Страница</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8:%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Статьяна сӳтсе явасси (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Сӳтсе яв</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Чӗлхе вариантне улӑштар" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">чӑвашла</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Пурĕ пăхнă"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=history" title="Страницӑна улӑштарнин журналӗ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Хатĕрсем</span> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Кодне тӳрлет</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=history"><span>Истори</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пӗтӗмӗшле </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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тие</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ятарлӑ страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&oldid=789368" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&id=789368&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25AD%25D1%2584%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25C4%2583_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25AD%25D1%2584%25D1%2584%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BB%25C4%2583_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2583%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q854050" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Blackbody-colours-vertical.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Blackbody-colours-vertical.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="800" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Эффекти́влă температу́ра</b> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{E}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{E}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ceedee3f98b23ebe40bc74343ef0ffb9070f4f83" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.845ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{E}}"></span> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Астрономири объект">тӳпери ĕскерĕн</a> (е урăх объектăн) <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85" title="Çутатаслăх">çутатаслăхне</a> (пайăркалавăн тулли <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хăват">хăватне</a>) палăрăмлăхлатакан параметр. Çапла вара, ку тÿпери ĕскерĕн хапипе тан тата вăхăт пĕрчин хушшинче çавăн чухлех <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Энерги">энерги</a> пайăркалакан <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%C4%95%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Абсолютлă хура ĕскер">абсолютлă хура ĕскерĕн</a> температури<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD_%E2%80%94_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стефан — Больцман саккунĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Стефан — Больцман саккунĕпе</a> килĕшÿллĕн, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span> радиуслă сферăлла, эппин, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 4\pi R^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π<!-- π --></mi> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 4\pi R^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8ebf047836476dc57dd8c3758e0fb2aeb950ef8d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.313ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 4\pi R^{2}}"></span> пайăркалав çийĕллĕ абсолютлă хура ĕскерĕн çутатаслăхĕ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}"></span> çапла: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L=4\pi R^{2}\sigma T_{E}^{4}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π<!-- π --></mi> <msup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi> <msubsup> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L=4\pi R^{2}\sigma T_{E}^{4}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86eb9f235d96d71ea29b261e0f291e44182ff75f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:14.169ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L=4\pi R^{2}\sigma T_{E}^{4}}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Кунта <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ<!-- σ --></mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59f59b7c3e6fdb1d0365a494b81fb9a696138c36" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma }"></span> — <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стефан-Больцман константти (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Стефан-Больцман константти</a>, вăл 5,67·10<sup>-8</sup> Вт/(м<sup>2</sup> К<sup>4</sup>) чухлĕ. </p><p><br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çĕр_чăмăрĕн_эффективлă_температури"><span id=".C3.87.C4.95.D1.80_.D1.87.C4.83.D0.BC.C4.83.D1.80.C4.95.D0.BD_.D1.8D.D1.84.D1.84.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BB.C4.83_.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.BF.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B8"></span>Çĕр чăмăрĕн эффективлă температури</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Çĕр чăмăрĕн эффективлă температури пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çĕр чăмăрĕн эффективлă температури»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Çĕр чăмăрĕн эффективлă температури, шутласа пăхсан, 249 К, е −24 °C пулать. Чăннипе вара вăл чылай пысăкрах, мĕншĕн тесен <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парникла эффект (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">парникла эффект</a> витĕмĕ пур. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çавăн_пекех"><span id=".C3.87.D0.B0.D0.B2.C4.83.D0.BD_.D0.BF.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.B5.D1.85"></span>Çавăн пекех</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Çавăн пекех пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Çавăн пекех»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Парникла эффект (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Парникла эффект</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ялтравла температура (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Ялтравла температура</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Асăрхавсем"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.C4.83.D1.80.D1.85.D0.B0.D0.B2.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Асăрхавсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Асăрхавсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Асăрхавсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Бычков К. В. Эффективная температура // Физическая энциклопедия : [в 5 т.] / Гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. — М.: Большая российская энциклопедия, 1999. — Т. 5: Стробоскопические приборы — Яркость. — С. 645—646. — 692 с. — 20 000 экз. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5852701017" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-85270-101-7</a>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Archie E. Roy, David Clarke. Astronomy. — CRC Press, 2003. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/9780750309172" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7503-0917-2</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101030234253/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">Earth Fact Sheet</a>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/earthfact.html">çăлкуçран архивланă</a> 30 Юпа уйӑхӗн 2010.</small> <small>Тĕрĕсленĕ 8 Ҫу уйӑхӗн 2018.</small></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible collapsed nowraplinks" style="margin:auto;;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Шаблон:Çăлтăрсем"><span title="Шаблоне пăх" style="">п</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8:%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблона сӳтсе явмалли:Çăлтăрсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span title="Шаблоне сӳтсе явни" style="">с</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit"><span title="Шаблоне тӳрлет" style=";">т</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Çăлтăр">Çăлтăрсем</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th scope="row" 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href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Планетăлла тĕтрелĕх">Планетăлла тĕтрелĕх</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Протопланетăлла тĕтрелĕх (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Протопланетăлла тĕтрелĕх</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йăмăх сенкер улшăнуллă çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Йăмăх сенкер улшăнуллă çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%E2%80%94_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%95" title="Вольф — Райе çăлтăрĕ">Вольф — Райе çăлтăрĕ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Псевдо-вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр">Псевдо-вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр">Вышкайсăр çĕнĕ çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Гиперçĕнĕ çăлтăр">Гиперçĕнĕ çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D1%88%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Герцшпрунг-Рассел диаграмми (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Герцшпрунг-Рассел диаграмми</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çăлтăрла популяци (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çăлтăрла популяци</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background: lemonchiffon;;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Протоçăлтăр">Протоçăлтăрсем</a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.5em;;background:#fafafa;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%C4%95%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%87%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Молекула пĕлĕчĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Молекула пĕлĕчĕ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ГБок глобули (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">ГБок глобули</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Протоçăлтăр">çăлтăрла çамрăк объектсем</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B3_%E2%80%94_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%87%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хербиг — Аро объекчĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хербиг — Аро объекчĕ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хаяси трекĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хаяси трекĕ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хаяси чикки (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хаяси чикки</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хеньи трекĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хеньи трекĕ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Орионла улшăнуллăскер">Орионла улшăнуллăскер</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=T_%D0%92%C4%83%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%80_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T Вăкăр çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">T Вăкăр çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фуор (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Фуор</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B3_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%95_(Ae/Be)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хербиг çăлтăрĕ (Ae/Be) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хербиг çăлтăрĕ (Ae/Be)</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background: lemonchiffon;;">Çăлтăрсен тĕсĕсем</th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.5em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Субкарлик">Субкарлик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Карликла çăлтăр">Карликсем</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хĕрлĕ карлик">Хĕрлĕ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%83_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сарă карлик">Сарă</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%C4%83_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Оранжă карлик">Оранжă</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сенкер карлик">Сенкер</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Субгигант">Субгигант</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Гигант (астрономи)">Гигантсем</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Хĕрлĕ гигант">Хĕрлĕ гигант</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Сенкер гигант">Сенкер гигант</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Йăмăх гигант">Йăмăх гигант</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вышкайсăр гигант">Вышкайсăр гигант</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Хĕрлĕ вышкайсăр гигант">Хĕрлĕ вышкайсăр гигант</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%83_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Сарă вышкайсăр гигант">Сарă вышкайсăр гигант</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%C4%83%D1%80_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Сенкер вышкайсăр гигант">Сенкер вышкайсăр гигант</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Гипергигант">Гипергигант</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%C4%83_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сарă гипергигант (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сарă гипергигант</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%BD%C4%95_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Сивĕннĕ сенкер çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Сивĕннĕ сенкер çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Йăлхахла çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Йăлхахла çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%83%D0%BC%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Кăмрăкамăшла çăлтăр">Кăмрăкамăшла çăлтăр</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Метинлă çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Метинлă çăлтăр</a>) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Барийле çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Барийле çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=S_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%95_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S тĕслĕ çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">S тĕслĕ çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пекулярла çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пекулярла çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Технецийле çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Технецийле çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BA%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чĕркĕмĕлле-марганецла çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Чĕркĕмĕлле-марганецла çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Улшăнуллă çăлтăр">Улшăнуллă çăлтăр</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background: lemonchiffon;;">Юхăннă<br /> çăлтăрсем</th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.5em;;background:#fafafa;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Шурă карлик">Шурă карлик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хура карлик">Хура карлик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Нейтронла çăлтăр">Нейтронла çăлтăр</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Пульсар">Пульсар</a>: (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Радиопульсар">Радиопульсар</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рентгенла пульсар">Рентгенла пульсар</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Магнетар">Магнетар</a>: (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%95_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аномаллĕ Рентгенла пульсар">Аномаллĕ Рентгенла пульсар</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5-%C3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A7%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0-%C3%A7%D0%B8%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%C3%A7%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çине-çине пулакан çемçе гамма-çиçевсен çăлкуçĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çине-çине пулакан çемçе гамма-çиçевсен çăлкуçĕ</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85_(%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Чаплă çиччĕлĕх (астрономи) (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Чаплă çиччĕлĕх</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çаврăнан радиотранзиент (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çаврăнан радиотранзиент</a>) • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%85%C4%83%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%BB" title="Хура хăвăл">Хура хăвăл</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BB%C4%83_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Компактлă çăлтăр">Компактлă çăлтăр</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Экзотикăлла çăлтăр">Экзотикăлла çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Кваркла çăлтăр">Кваркла çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Преонла çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Преонла çăлтăр</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Q-%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Q-çăлтăр (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Q-çăлтăр</a>)  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80_%C3%A7%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80" title="Тимĕр çăлтăр">Тимĕр çăлтăр</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background: lemonchiffon;;">Çăлтарçумла объектсем</th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.5em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Хăмăр карлик">Хăмăр карлик</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Субхăмăр карлик (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Субхăмăр карлик</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Планетар">Планетар</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background: lemonchiffon;;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Çăлтăрсен тытăмĕ">Çăлтăрсен тытăмĕ</a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.5em;;background:#fafafa;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a 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class="new" title="Çăлтăр кăшăлĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çăлтăр кăшăлĕ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80_%C3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95" title="Çăлтăр çилĕ">Çăлтăр çилĕ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80_%C3%A7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çăлтăр çиллин хăмпи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Çăлтăр çиллин хăмпи</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Металлăх (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Металлăх</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Çăлтăрăн магнитла уйĕ">Çăлтăрăн магнитла уйĕ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Астросейсмологи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Астросейсмологи</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B2%C4%95%D1%80_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Хĕвелĕнни евĕр осцилляцисем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Хĕвелĕнни евĕр осцилляцисем</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эддингтон чикки (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Эддингтон чикки</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style=";background: lemonchiffon;;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BB%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Çăлтăрсенчи нуклонсарла реакци">Çăлтăрсенчи<br /> нуклеосинтез</a></th><td style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:1.5em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S-процесс (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">s-процесс</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=R-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R-процесс (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">r-процесс</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=P-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-процесс (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">p-процесс</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rp-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rp-процесс (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">rp-процесс</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Альфа-процесс (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Альфа-процесс</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%C3%A7%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Виççĕлле гелийле реакци (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Виççĕлле гелийле реакци</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Протон-протон циклĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Протон-протон циклĕ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=CNO-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CNO-цикл (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Кăмрăкамăш-азот циклĕ</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C3%A7%D0%B8%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гелийле çиçев (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Гелийле çиçев</a> • <a 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