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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Stofwisseling" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Stofwisseling" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Stofwisseling" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Functies_van_de_stofwisseling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functies_van_de_stofwisseling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Functies van de stofwisseling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Functies_van_de_stofwisseling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katabolisme_en_anabolisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katabolisme_en_anabolisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Katabolisme en anabolisme</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Katabolisme_en_anabolisme-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Katabolisme en anabolisme-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Katabolisme_en_anabolisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Katabolisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katabolisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Katabolisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katabolisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anabolisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anabolisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Anabolisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anabolisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energiebron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energiebron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Energiebron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energiebron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fototroof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fototroof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Fototroof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fototroof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mixotroof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixotroof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Mixotroof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixotroof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemotroof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemotroof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>Chemotroof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemotroof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elektronendonor_of_reductor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronendonor_of_reductor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Elektronendonor of reductor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronendonor_of_reductor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organotroof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organotroof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Organotroof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organotroof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithotroof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithotroof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Lithotroof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithotroof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Koolstofbron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Koolstofbron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Koolstofbron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Koolstofbron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heterotroof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heterotroof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Heterotroof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heterotroof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autotroof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autotroof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Autotroof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autotroof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belangrijke_stofwisselingsprocessen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belangrijke_stofwisselingsprocessen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belangrijke stofwisselingsprocessen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belangrijke_stofwisselingsprocessen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metabolieten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolieten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Metabolieten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolieten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Stofwisseling</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 128 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoffwechsel" title="Stoffwechsel – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stoffwechsel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%88%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A3%E1%8D%8D%E1%88%AB%E1%88%BD_%E1%89%85%E1%8A%95%E1%89%A3%E1%88%AE" title="ገንባፍራሽ ቅንባሮ – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ገንባፍራሽ ቅንባሮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="أيض – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="বিপাক ক্ৰিয়া – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বিপাক ক্ৰিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismu" title="Metabolismu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Metabolismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Avarisch" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madd%C9%99l%C9%99r_m%C3%BCbadil%C9%99si" title="Maddələr mübadiləsi – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maddələr mübadiləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="متابولیسم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="متابولیسم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabol%C4%97zmos" title="Metabolėzmos – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Metabolėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метабалізм – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Метабалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Мэтабалізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэтабалізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Метаболизъм – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Метаболизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="मेटाबॉलिज्म – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मेटाबॉलिज्म" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95" title="বিপাক – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিপাক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolegezh" title="Metabolegezh – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Metabolegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Metabolizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="مێتابۆلیزم – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێتابۆلیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismus" title="Metabolismus – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Metabolismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolaeth" title="Metabolaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Metabolaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stofskifte" title="Stofskifte – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stofskifte" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoffwechsel" title="Stoffwechsel – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stoffwechsel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Μεταβολισμός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταβολισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolo" title="Metabolo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Metabolo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismu" title="Metabolismu – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Metabolismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="متابولیسم – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="متابولیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aineenvaihdunta" title="Aineenvaihdunta – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aineenvaihdunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tabolisme" title="Métabolisme – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métabolisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoofwaksel" title="Stoofwaksel – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stoofwaksel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisim" title="Metabolisim – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Metabolisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitibileacht" title="Meitibileacht – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meitibileacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tete_reko" title="Tete reko – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tete reko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%AF" title="ચયાપચય – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચયાપચય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoi-chhia" title="Thoi-chhia – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thoi-chhia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מטבוליזם – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטבוליזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" title="चयापचय – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चयापचय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Metabolizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolis" title="Metabolis – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Metabolis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyagcsere" title="Anyagcsere – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Anyagcsere" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Նյութափոխանակություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նյութափոխանակություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="ХӀамаш хувцаялар – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀамаш хувцаялар" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolio" title="Metabolio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Metabolio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efnaskipti" title="Efnaskipti – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Efnaskipti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="代謝 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="代謝" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tabolisme" title="Métabolisme – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Métabolisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მეტაბოლიზმი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეტაბოლიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizm" title="Metabolizm – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Metabolizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%83" title="Зат алмасу – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зат алмасу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%AF" title="ಚಯಾಪಚಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಯಾಪಚಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="물질대사 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물질대사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaboledh" title="Metaboledh – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Metaboledh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83%D1%83" title="Зат алмашуу – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зат алмашуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismus" title="Metabolismus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metabolismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismus" title="Metabolismus – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Metabolismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Lezgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizmas" title="Metabolizmas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Metabolizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vielmai%C5%86a" title="Vielmaiņa – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vielmaiņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Метаболизам – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Метаболизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഉപാപചയം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉപാപചയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Бодисын солилцоо – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бодисын солилцоо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" title="चयापचय – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चयापचय" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%99%E1%80%96%E1%80%BC%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" title="ဇီဝကမ္မဖြစ်စဉ် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇီဝကမ္မဖြစ်စဉ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoffwessel" title="Stoffwessel – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Stoffwessel" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AE" title="मेटाबोलिजम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मेटाबोलिजम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoffskifte" title="Stoffskifte – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stoffskifte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoffskifte" title="Stoffskifte – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stoffskifte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Metabolisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadheefa" title="Nadheefa – Afaan Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Nadheefa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Afaan Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE" title="ମେଟାବୋଲିଜିମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମେଟାବୋଲିଜିମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਮੈਟਾਬੋਲਿਜ਼ਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਟਾਬੋਲਿਜ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizm" title="Metabolizm – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Metabolizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85" title="میٹابولزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میٹابولزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="استقلاب – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="استقلاب" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imayay_yamkiy" title="Imayay yamkiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Imayay yamkiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2" title="Обмен веществ – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Обмен веществ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболізм – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Метаболізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Metabolizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1tkov%C3%A1_premena" title="Látková premena – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Látková premena" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presnova" title="Presnova – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Presnova" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizmi" title="Metabolizmi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Metabolizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Метаболизам – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Метаболизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tabolisme" title="Métabolisme – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Métabolisme" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Metabolism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaboli" title="Metaboli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Metaboli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வளர்சிதை மாற்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளர்சிதை மாற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%A1" title="เมแทบอลิซึม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมแทบอลิซึม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizma" title="Metabolizma – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Metabolizma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Метаболизм – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Метаболизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Обмін речовин – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Обмін речовин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84" title="تحول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تحول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizm" title="Metabolizm – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Metabolizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolizm" title="Metabolizm – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Metabolizm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trao_%C4%91%E1%BB%95i_ch%E1%BA%A5t" title="Trao đổi chất – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trao đổi chất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Metabolismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="新陳代謝 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="新陳代謝" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მეტაბოლიზმი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეტაბოლიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מעטאבאליזם – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מעטאבאליזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="代谢 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="代谢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="代謝 – Klassiek Chinees" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="代謝" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassiek Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-si%C4%81" title="Tāi-siā – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-siā" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%99%B3%E4%BB%A3%E8%AC%9D" title="新陳代謝 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="新陳代謝" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1057#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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/><big><big>Biochemie</big></big> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cytochrome_C_1cyt_Fe_rib.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruimtelijke structuur van cytochroom c"><img alt="Ruimtelijke structuur van cytochroom c" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cytochrome_C_1cyt_Fe_rib.tif/lossy-page1-264px-Cytochrome_C_1cyt_Fe_rib.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cytochrome_C_1cyt_Fe_rib.tif/lossy-page1-396px-Cytochrome_C_1cyt_Fe_rib.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Cytochrome_C_1cyt_Fe_rib.tif/lossy-page1-528px-Cytochrome_C_1cyt_Fe_rib.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small><a href="/wiki/Eiwitstructuur" title="Eiwitstructuur">Ruimtelijke structuur</a> van <a href="/wiki/Cytochroom" title="Cytochroom">cytochroom <i>c</i></a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Biomoleculen </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Eiwitten" title="Eiwitten">Eiwit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraten" title="Koolhydraten">Koolhydraat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Natuurproduct_(scheikunde)" title="Natuurproduct (scheikunde)">Natuurproduct</a> · <br /> <a href="/wiki/Nucle%C3%AFnezuur" title="Nucleïnezuur">Nucleïnezuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Metaboliet" title="Metaboliet">Metaboliet</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide">Lipide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine">Vitamine</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Stofwisseling </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Anabolisme" title="Anabolisme">Anabolisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celademhaling" title="Celademhaling">Celademhaling</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eiwitsynthese" title="Eiwitsynthese">Eiwitsynthese</a> · <a href="/wiki/Enzymatische_katalyse" title="Enzymatische katalyse">Katalyse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">Fotosynthese</a> · <a href="/wiki/Katabolisme" title="Katabolisme">Katabolisme</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="3">Verwante onderwerpen </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"> <p><a href="/wiki/Bio-informatica" title="Bio-informatica">Bio-informatica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Enzymologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymologie">Enzymologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">Moleculaire biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Structuurbiologie" title="Structuurbiologie">Structuurbiologie</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop center notheme" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Stofwisseling</b> of <b>metabolisme</b> (uit het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a>: <i>μεταβολισμός</i> <i>metabolismos</i> = verandering of omzetting) is het geheel van <a href="/wiki/Biochemie" title="Biochemie">biochemische</a> processen dat plaatsvindt in de <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">cellen</a> van <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organismen</a>. <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzymen</a> spelen bij deze omzettingen een centrale rol. Er wordt onderscheid gemaakt tussen de opbouw van <a href="/wiki/Biomolecuul" title="Biomolecuul">stoffen</a> onder gebruik van energie (<a href="/wiki/Anabolisme" title="Anabolisme">anabolisme</a>) en de afbraak van biomoleculen, waarbij energie vrijkomt (<a href="/wiki/Katabolisme" title="Katabolisme">katabolisme</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functies_van_de_stofwisseling">Functies van de stofwisseling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Functies van de stofwisseling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Functies van de stofwisseling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De stofwisseling heeft onder meer de volgende <a href="/wiki/Functie_(biologie)" title="Functie (biologie)">functies</a>: </p> <ul><li>Het vastleggen van <a href="/wiki/Zonne-energie" title="Zonne-energie">zonne-energie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chemische_energie" title="Chemische energie">chemische energie</a> door de <a href="/wiki/Biosynthese" title="Biosynthese">aanmaak</a> van <a href="/wiki/Reservestof" title="Reservestof">reservestoffen</a>.</li> <li>Het vrijmaken van <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> uit onder andere opgenomen stoffen en reservestoffen.</li> <li>Het opnemen van <a href="/wiki/Voedingsstof" title="Voedingsstof">stoffen</a>.</li> <li>Het gebruik van bouwstoffen en energie als bron voor alle biologische processen.</li> <li>Het verwerken van afvalstoffen.</li> <li>Een eventueel teveel aan opbouwstoffen elimineren.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Katabolisme_en_anabolisme">Katabolisme en anabolisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Katabolisme en anabolisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Katabolisme en anabolisme"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katabolisme">Katabolisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Katabolisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Katabolisme"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Katabolisme" title="Katabolisme">Katabolisme</a> is de afbraak van <a href="/wiki/Biomolecuul" title="Biomolecuul">organische stoffen</a> binnen een organisme; het omvat verschillende manieren van stofwisseling in een <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">cel</a>, afhankelijk van de verschillende soorten <a href="/wiki/Biopolymeer" title="Biopolymeer">biopolymeren</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polysacharide" title="Polysacharide">Polysachariden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide">lipiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nucle%C3%AFnezuur" title="Nucleïnezuur">nucleïnezuren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFne" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïne">proteïnen</a> worden eerst, via <a href="/wiki/Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">hydrolyse</a>, afgebroken tot <a href="/wiki/Monomeer" title="Monomeer">kleinere moleculen</a>, respectievelijk <a href="/wiki/Monosacharide" title="Monosacharide">monosachariden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vetzuur" title="Vetzuur">vetzuren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nucleotide" title="Nucleotide">nucleotiden</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur">aminozuren</a>. Vervolgens kunnen de gevormde monomeren binnen de cel gebruikt worden voor de aanmaak van nieuwe biopolymeren (anabolisme), of voor de <a href="/wiki/Celademhaling" title="Celademhaling">celademhaling</a>, waarbij het kleine molecuul (vooral glucose) met behulp van <a href="/wiki/Dizuurstof" title="Dizuurstof">zuurstof</a> in <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">energie</a> wordt omgezet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anabolisme">Anabolisme</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Anabolisme" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Anabolisme"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anabolisme" title="Anabolisme">Anabolisme</a> of <a href="/wiki/Biosynthese" title="Biosynthese">biosynthese</a> is de opbouw van organische stoffen, waarbij energie wordt gebruikt of wordt opgeslagen, bijvoorbeeld in <a href="/wiki/Adenosinetrifosfaat" title="Adenosinetrifosfaat">ATP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide">NADPH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">koolhydraten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Biopolymeer" title="Biopolymeer">biopolymeren</a>. De energie wordt geleverd door licht (bij <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">fotosynthese</a>) of door <a href="/wiki/Redoxreactie" title="Redoxreactie">redoxreacties</a> (bij <a href="/wiki/Chemosynthese" title="Chemosynthese">chemosynthese</a>). Anabolisme behelst de reeks metabole <a href="/wiki/Pathway_(biochemie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathway (biochemie)">routes</a> waardoor uit kleinere moleculen grotere moleculen worden gevormd.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anabolisme is een vorm van <a href="/wiki/Assimilatie_(biochemie)" title="Assimilatie (biochemie)">assimilatie</a> waarbij <a href="/wiki/Weefsel_(biologie)" title="Weefsel (biologie)">weefsels</a> en <a href="/wiki/Orgaan" title="Orgaan">organen</a> zoals <a href="/wiki/Spier_(anatomie)" title="Spier (anatomie)">spieren</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bot_(anatomie)" title="Bot (anatomie)">botten</a> worden opgebouwd. Dit gebeurt dankzij <a href="/wiki/Groei_(fysiologie)" title="Groei (fysiologie)">groei</a> en <a href="/wiki/Celdifferentiatie" title="Celdifferentiatie">celdifferentiatie</a>. </p><p>De grote variatie aan metabole processen tussen verschillende soorten organismen kan worden gebruikt bij hun <a href="/wiki/Taxonomie" title="Taxonomie">taxonomische</a> <a href="/wiki/Classificatie" title="Classificatie">classificatie</a>; belangrijke indelingscriteria zijn: </p> <ol><li>de herkomst van de energie die nodig is om de processen te doen plaatsvinden,</li> <li>de <a href="/wiki/Reductor" title="Reductor">elektronendonor (reductor)</a>, die betrokken is bij bovenstaande processen,</li> <li>de herkomst van de benodigde koolstof voor de opbouw van organische stoffen, zoals bouwstoffen, enzymen, reservestoffen.</li></ol> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00" rowspan="3"><b>Energiebron</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00"><a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00"><a href="/wiki/Fototroof" title="Fototroof">foto-</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <th bgcolor="#7FC31C" rowspan="7">-troof </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00"><a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">Licht</a> & <a href="/wiki/Redoxreactie" title="Redoxreactie">redoxreactie</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00"><a href="/wiki/Mixotroof" title="Mixotroof">mixo-</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00"><a href="/wiki/Redoxreactie" title="Redoxreactie">Redoxreactie</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF00"><a href="/wiki/Chemotroof" title="Chemotroof">chemo-</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFB300" rowspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Reductor" title="Reductor">Elektronendonor</a></b> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFB300"><a href="/wiki/Organische_verbinding" title="Organische verbinding">Organische verbinding</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFB300"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFB300"><a href="/wiki/Organotroof" title="Organotroof">organo-</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFB300"><a href="/wiki/Anorganische_verbinding" title="Anorganische verbinding">Anorganische verbinding</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFB300"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFB300"><a href="/wiki/Lithotroof" title="Lithotroof">litho-</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FB805F" rowspan="2"><b>Koolstofbron</b> </td> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"><a href="/wiki/Organische_verbinding" title="Organische verbinding">Organische verbinding</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"><a href="/wiki/Heterotroof" title="Heterotroof">hetero-</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"><a href="/wiki/Anorganische_verbinding" title="Anorganische verbinding">Anorganische verbinding</a> </td> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"> </td> <td bgcolor="#FB805F"><a href="/wiki/Autotroof" title="Autotroof">auto-</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energiebron">Energiebron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Energiebron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Energiebron"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fototroof">Fototroof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Fototroof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Fototroof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een organisme is <a href="/wiki/Fototroof" title="Fototroof">fototroof</a> als het <a href="/wiki/Homeostase_(fysiologie)" title="Homeostase (fysiologie)">zich in leven houdt</a> met licht als energiebron, naast de opname van <a href="/wiki/Anorganische_verbinding" title="Anorganische verbinding">anorganische</a> stoffen. Fototroof komt van <a href="/wiki/Oudgrieks" title="Oudgrieks">Oudgrieks</a> φῶς <i>phōs</i> (licht) + τροφή <i>trophē</i> (voeding). </p><p>De <a href="/wiki/Licht" title="Licht">lichtenergie</a> wordt bij fototrofe organismen vastgelegd via <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">fotosynthese</a> en hoofdzakelijk gebruikt voor de <a href="/wiki/Groei_(fysiologie)" title="Groei (fysiologie)">groei</a> en voor het <a href="/wiki/Biosynthese" title="Biosynthese">aanmaken</a> van energierijke reservestoffen. Daarnaast wordt de lichtenergie gebruikt voor onder andere de opname van anorganische stoffen door planten<a href="/wiki/Wortel_(plant)" title="Wortel (plant)">wortels</a> tegen de <a href="/wiki/Concentratiegradi%C3%ABnt" title="Concentratiegradiënt">concentratiegradiënt</a> in, voor het transport van water met de daarin opgeloste stoffen binnen de plant, en voor de beweging van de plant, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Fototropie" title="Fototropie">fototropie</a>. Fototrofe organismen voorzien zichzelf van de benodigde voedingsstoffen: ze zijn <a href="/wiki/Autotroof" title="Autotroof">autotroof</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mixotroof">Mixotroof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mixotroof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mixotroof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een <a href="/wiki/Mixotroof" title="Mixotroof">mixotroof</a> organisme kan zowel de benodigde energie uit licht (fototroof) als chemische stoffen (chemotroof) verkrijgen. Mixotrofe organismen kunnen voor <a href="/wiki/Assimilatie_(biochemie)" title="Assimilatie (biochemie)">assimilatie</a> gebruikmaken van licht (fotosynthese), maar kunnen ook (an)organische verbindingen hiervoor gebruiken (chemosynthese). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chemotroof">Chemotroof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Chemotroof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Chemotroof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een organisme is <a href="/wiki/Chemotroof" title="Chemotroof">chemotroof</a> als het in staat is om met behulp van <a href="/wiki/Chemische_reactie" title="Chemische reactie">chemische omzettingen</a> als energiebron te leven. Er bestaan zowel <a href="/wiki/Autotroof" title="Autotroof">autotrofe</a> (zelfvoorzienende) als <a href="/wiki/Heterotroof" title="Heterotroof">heterotrofe</a> (afhankelijke) chemotrofe organismen. Ze verkrijgen hun benodigde energie door <a href="/wiki/Oxidatie" title="Oxidatie">oxidatie</a> van respectievelijk <a href="/wiki/Anorganisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Anorganisch">anorganische</a> en <a href="/wiki/Organische_verbindingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Organische verbindingen">organische</a> (door andere organismen aangemaakte) <a href="/wiki/Samengestelde_stof" title="Samengestelde stof">moleculen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elektronendonor_of_reductor">Elektronendonor of reductor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Elektronendonor of reductor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Elektronendonor of reductor"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Organotroof">Organotroof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Organotroof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Organotroof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een <a href="/wiki/Organotroof" title="Organotroof">organotroof</a> organisme verkrijgt de energiebehoefte uit chemische omzettingen van <a href="/wiki/Biomolecuul" title="Biomolecuul">organische stoffen</a>. Organotrofie is een vorm van <a href="/wiki/Chemotroof" title="Chemotroof">chemotrofie</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heterotroof" title="Heterotroof">Heterotrofe</a> organismen worden ook wel met de term organotroof aangeduid. Een heterotroof organisme bouwt zijn organische <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">celmateriaal</a> op uit <a href="/wiki/Organische_stof" title="Organische stof">organische stoffen</a>, gemaakt door andere organismen en is dus afhankelijk van andere organismen. Het <a href="/wiki/Dissimilatie_(chemie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissimilatie (chemie)">dissimileert</a> moleculen die door autotrofe organismen <a href="/wiki/Assimilatie_(chemie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilatie (chemie)">geassimileerd</a> zijn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lithotroof">Lithotroof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lithotroof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lithotroof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een <a href="/wiki/Lithotroof" title="Lithotroof">lithotroof</a> organisme is een organisme dat de energiebehoefte verkrijgt uit chemische omzettingen van anorganische stoffen. Het woord lithotroof is afkomstig van het Griekse woord <i>lithos</i> dat steen en <i>trophe</i> dat voeding betekent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Koolstofbron">Koolstofbron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Koolstofbron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Koolstofbron"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Naar de herkomst van koolstof voor de opbouw van de organische stoffen en het celmateriaal kan men heterotrofe organismen onderscheiden van autotrofe organismen. </p><p>Onderscheiden kan worden naar koolstofbron: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithoheterotroof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithoheterotroof (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lithoheterotroof</a>, waarbij organisch materiaal als koolstofbron gebruikt wordt.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lithoautotroof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lithoautotroof (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lithoautotroof</a>, waarbij kooldioxide uit de lucht als koolstofbron gebruikt wordt.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixotroof" title="Mixotroof">Mixotroof</a>, waarbij naast kooldioxide uit de lucht ook organisch materiaal gebruikt wordt als koolstofbron.</li></ul> <p>In aanvulling op deze indeling kan verder onderscheiden worden naar energiebron: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemolithotroof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemolithotroof (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chemolithotroof</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotolithotroof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotolithotroof (de pagina bestaat niet)">Fotolithotroof</a>. Deze bacteriën komen voor bij de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromatiaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromatiaceae (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chromatiaceae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorobiaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorobiaceae (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chlorobiaceae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloroflexaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloroflexaceae (de pagina bestaat niet)">Chloroflexaceae</a> en <a href="/wiki/Cyanobacteri%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanobacteriën">Cyanobacteriën</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Heterotroof">Heterotroof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Heterotroof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Heterotroof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organisme</a> is heterotroof, als het zijn <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">celmateriaal</a> opbouwt uit <a href="/wiki/Biomolecuul" title="Biomolecuul">organische stoffen</a>, dat wil zeggen <a href="/wiki/Stof_(scheikunde)" title="Stof (scheikunde)">stoffen</a> afkomstig van andere organismen. Het woord heterotroof is afkomstig uit het <a href="/wiki/Grieks" title="Grieks">Grieks</a> en betekent letterlijk zich van anderen voedend (<i>heteros</i> - vreemd, een andere; <i>trophein</i> - voeden). Een heterotroof organisme is voor zijn energievoorziening afhankelijk van andere organismen: het <a href="/wiki/Dissimilatie_(chemie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissimilatie (chemie)">dissimileert</a> <a href="/wiki/Molecuul" title="Molecuul">moleculen</a> die oorspronkelijk door <a href="/wiki/Autotroof" title="Autotroof">autotrofe</a> organismen <a href="/wiki/Assimilatie_(chemie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilatie (chemie)">geassimileerd</a> zijn. </p><p>De simpelste heterotrofen zijn <a href="/wiki/Gist" title="Gist">gisten</a>, maar ook de mens is heterotroof en wel chemo-organoheterotroof. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Autotroof">Autotroof</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Autotroof" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Autotroof"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Autotrofe organismen zijn <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organismen</a> die <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">CO<sub>2</sub> (kooldioxide)</a> gebruiken als bron van <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">koolstof</a> voor hun <a href="/wiki/Cel_(biologie)" title="Cel (biologie)">cellen</a>. Autotroof is een samenstelling van de Griekse woorden <i>autos</i> (zelf) en <i>trophein</i> (voeden). Dit betekent dat het organisme zelf voedsel kan aanmaken en het niet hoeft te betrekken van een ander organisme. </p><p>Autotrofe organismen halen hun energie uit <a href="/wiki/Anorganische_stof" class="mw-redirect" title="Anorganische stof">anorganische stoffen</a> of uit <a href="/wiki/Zonlicht" title="Zonlicht">zonlicht</a>. De energie gebruiken zij om kooldioxide om te zetten in <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>. Door gebruik van de genoemde energiebronnen zal door de activiteit van autotrofe organismen de hoeveelheid organische stof toenemen. </p><p>Naar de herkomst van de benodigde energie onderscheidt men: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fototroof" title="Fototroof">fotoautotrofe</a> organismen: deze maken gebruik van zonlicht voor het verkrijgen van de benodigde energie voor fotosynthese.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemotroof" title="Chemotroof">chemo-autotrofe</a> organismen: deze maken gebruik van oxidatieprocessen van <a href="/wiki/Anorganische_chemie" title="Anorganische chemie">anorganische stoffen</a> voor het verkrijgen van de benodigde energie.</li></ul> <p>Voorbeelden van autotrofe bacteriën zijn <a href="/wiki/Nitrificatie" title="Nitrificatie">nitrificeerders</a> en <a href="/wiki/Anammox" title="Anammox">anammox</a> bacteriën. Anammox bacteriën zijn aerotolerante (zuurstoftolerante) chemo-litho-autotrofe micro-organismen en behoren tot de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planctomycetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planctomycetes (de pagina bestaat niet)">planctomycetes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belangrijke_stofwisselingsprocessen">Belangrijke stofwisselingsprocessen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Belangrijke stofwisselingsprocessen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Belangrijke stofwisselingsprocessen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koolhydraten" title="Koolhydraten">Koolhydraten</a> worden omgezet in <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glycolyse" title="Glycolyse">Glycolyse</a> bestaat uit de afbraak van glucose tot <a href="/wiki/Pyrodruivenzuur" title="Pyrodruivenzuur">pyrodruivenzuur</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vet" title="Vet">Vetten</a> worden omgezet in <a href="/wiki/Vetzuren" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetzuren">vetzuren</a>. Vetzuren worden afgebroken tot acetyl-CoA in een proces dat <a href="/wiki/Beta-oxidatie" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-oxidatie">beta-oxidatie</a> wordt genoemd.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFne" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïne">Eiwitten</a> worden in de <a href="/wiki/Lever" title="Lever">lever</a> afgebroken tot <a href="/wiki/Aminozuur" title="Aminozuur">aminozuren</a>. De aminozuren kunnen vervolgens weer gebruikt worden om nieuwe eiwitten te maken.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acetyl-CoA" title="Acetyl-CoA">Acetyl-CoA</a> doorloopt de <a href="/wiki/Citroenzuurcyclus" title="Citroenzuurcyclus">citroenzuurcyclus</a>. Daarbij komen energierijke <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektronen</a> vrij en wordt <a href="/wiki/Koolstofdioxide" title="Koolstofdioxide">koolstofdioxide</a> gevormd als afvalproduct.</li> <li>De energierijke elektronen uit de citroenzuurcyclus doorlopen de <a href="/wiki/Oxidatieve_fosforylering" title="Oxidatieve fosforylering">oxidatieve fosforylering</a>. De energie uit deze elektronen wordt gebruikt voor het genereren van <a href="/wiki/Adenosinetrifosfaat" title="Adenosinetrifosfaat">ATP</a>, de belangrijkste energiebron voor de cel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamine" title="Vitamine">Vitaminen</a> spelen vaak als <a href="/wiki/Co-enzym" title="Co-enzym">co-enzym</a> een rol bij diverse stofwisselingsprocessen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metabolieten">Metabolieten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Metabolieten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Metabolieten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strikt genomen zijn <a href="/wiki/Metaboliet" title="Metaboliet">metabolieten</a> de producten van stofwisselingsprocessen. De term metabolieten wordt echter meestal alleen gebruikt voor kleine moleculen, zoals glucose en aminozuren. </p><p>Er wordt soms ook een onderscheid gemaakt tussen primaire en <a href="/wiki/Secundaire_metaboliet" title="Secundaire metaboliet">secundaire metabolieten</a>. Zo zijn de <a href="/wiki/Aminozuren" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminozuren">aminozuren</a> waaruit <a href="/wiki/Prote%C3%AFne" class="mw-redirect" title="Proteïne">eiwitten</a> worden opgebouwd voorbeelden van primaire metabolieten, maar het <a href="/wiki/Alkalo%C3%AFde" title="Alkaloïde">alkaloïde</a> <a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">nicotine</a> daarentegen een secundaire metaboliet in bepaalde planten. </p> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Secundaire_metaboliet" title="Secundaire metaboliet">Secundaire metaboliet</a> en <a href="/wiki/Secundaire_plantenstoffen" title="Secundaire plantenstoffen">Secundaire plantenstoffen</a> voor de hoofdartikelen over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Secundaire metabolieten bij planten zijn plantenstoffen (<a href="/wiki/Metaboliet" title="Metaboliet">metabolieten</a>) die niet direct betrokken zijn bij primaire processen (zoals <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">fotosynthese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citroenzuurcyclus" title="Citroenzuurcyclus">citroenzuurcyclus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiwitsynthese" title="Eiwitsynthese">eiwitsynthese</a>). Ze zijn niet direct noodzakelijk voor het overleven van het organisme, maar dragen wel bij tot zijn overlevingskansen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stofwisseling&action=edit&section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68724794">.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ul,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst li,.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst dd{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0.1em;page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-0 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8714285em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.9em}html.vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-2 .mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst sup{line-height:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .kolommen-lijst{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst figure{break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .kolommen-lijst{clear:both}}</style><div class="kolommen-lijst" style="column-width:18em; column-count:4; max-width:75em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basaal_metabolisme" title="Basaal metabolisme">Basaal metabolisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celfysiologie" title="Celfysiologie">Celfysiologie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energiemobilisatie" title="Energiemobilisatie">Energiemobilisatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excretie" title="Excretie">Excretie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolisch_netwerk" title="Metabolisch netwerk">Metabolisch netwerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolisme_van_micro-organismen" title="Metabolisme van micro-organismen">Metabolisme van micro-organismen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MET-waarde" title="MET-waarde">MET-waarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactiepad_(biochemie)" title="Reactiepad (biochemie)">Reactiepad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stofwisselingsziekte" title="Stofwisselingsziekte">Stofwisselingsziekte</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>de Bolster, M.W.G. (1997). "Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Anabolism". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bioinorg/AB.html#20">http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bioinorg/AB.html#20</a>. Retrieved 2007-10-30</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060218034732/http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/integration.htm">De belangrijkste paden van de stofwisseling in het menselijk lichaam</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Biologie" data-expandtext="Uitklappen" data-collapsetext="Inklappen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div 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title="Biochemie">Biochemie</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fysiologie" title="Fysiologie">fysiologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bioanorganische_chemie" title="Bioanorganische chemie">Bioanorganische chemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Biofysica" title="Biofysica">Biofysica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Celfysiologie" title="Celfysiologie">Celfysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elektrofysiologie" title="Elektrofysiologie">Elektrofysiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Endocrinologie" title="Endocrinologie">Endocrinologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glycobiologie" title="Glycobiologie">Glycobiologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Immunologie" title="Immunologie">Immunologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Immuunhistochemie" title="Immuunhistochemie">Immuunhistochemie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klinische_biologie" title="Klinische biologie">Klinische biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moleculaire_biologie" title="Moleculaire biologie">Moleculaire biologie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neurobiologie" title="Neurobiologie">Neurobiologie</a> · <a 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