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href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-308" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys 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href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-365" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-369" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer 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href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a 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<div class="sprites-esologo"></div> <span>European<br>Southern<br>Observatory</span> </div> </a> </div> <div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class='page-content'> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>DFOSC</h1> <h2>Danish Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera</h2> <div style="position: relative; overflow: hidden; height: 253px; margin-bottom: 30px;"><a href="/public/images/tewes-9861/"> <img style="position: absolute; top: -200%; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -100%; margin: auto;" src="/public/archives/images/screen/tewes-9861.jpg" alt="Catching light" border="0" /> </a></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p dir="ltr">The Danish Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (DFOSC) is an instrument which was installed on the <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/">Danish 1.54-metre telescope</a> at <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/">La Silla Observatory</a> in 1992. The telescope is a Danish national facility now jointly run by Ondřejov Observatory in Czechia and the Niels Bohr Institute in Denmark, with on demand support from ESO.</p> <p dir="ltr">DFOSC was built as a spectrograph and camera similar to ESO’s EFOSC1 and <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/">EFOSC2</a>. The original purpose of DFOSC was to provide a versatile instrument for the Danish community, to allow Danish astronomers to do much of the same research that was possible with the larger ESO telescopes.</p> <p dir="ltr">DFOSC initially had the ability to change between imaging and <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/technology/spectroscopy/">spectroscopy</a>, and could do so within one minute. The imager had an attached focal reducer, which changed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length">focal length</a> of the telescope and allowed for a wider field of view on the sky. In the spectroscopic mode, DFOSC could separate visible wavelengths into a spectrum to allow astronomers to determine different characteristics, like chemical composition or rotation, of astronomical objects. The spectrograph on DFOSC was decommissioned in 2003.</p> <p dir="ltr">DFOSC has allowed astronomers to make several first discoveries. In <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0034/">2000</a>, DFOSC helped to determine the distance to the most distant long gamma-ray burst known at the time. <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0533/">Five years later</a>, the visible light from a short gamma-ray burst was observed for the first time with DFOSC. In <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0603/">2006</a>, together with other telescopes, DFOSC contributed to the discovery of an exoplanet about five times the mass of the Earth that orbits its star around once every ten years.</p> <p dir="ltr">DFOSC has received a number of updates since seeing first light. DFOSC now uses an EMCCD, which is a detector that uses the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_imaging">lucky imaging</a> technique. With this technique, the imager takes many images per second and picks only those that are sharper than the average “seeing” at the time, which is a measure of how the atmosphere distorts the incoming light. This instrument discovered the rings around the asteroid Chariklo, which was only possible because the imager took 10 exposures per second (<a href="http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1410/">eso1410</a>). The instrument could be used remotely thanks to a complete renovation of the control system in 2012.</p> <p dir="ltr">Two DFOSC sister instruments were also built. One instrument was for the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Spain, and is in operation at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Optical_Telescope">Nordic Optical Telescope</a>, while the other one was for the <a href="http://www.bo.astro.it/">INAF–Bologna Astronomical Observatory</a> <a href="http://www.bo.astro.it/">i</a>n Italy, and has been in operation since 1993 at the Loiano Site.</p> <h2>Science highlights with DFOSC</h2> <ul> <li>ESO telescopes see afterglows of elusive short gamma-ray bursts (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso0533/">eso0533</a>)</li> <li>First ESO image of new comet 1998 P1 (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso9838/">eso9838</a>)</li> <li>New discoveries about comet Hyakutake (<a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso9616/">eso9616</a>, <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso9615/">eso9815</a>, <a href="https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso9614/">eso9814</a>)</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr"> </p> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>DFOSC</h3> <p><small>This table lists the global capabilities of the instrument.</small></p> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Location:</strong></td> <td valign="top">La Silla Observatory</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="30"><strong>Telescope:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/">Danish 1.54-metre telescope</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Focus:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Cassegrain</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Type:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> <p dir="ltr">Visible Imager with focal reducer</p> <p dir="ltr">Visible spectrograph (decommissioned)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Wavelength range:</strong></td> <td valign="top">320–1000 nm</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Seeing limited with 0.4" pixels, typical seeing 0.8"</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spectral resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>First light:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.79-mar95/messenger-no79-12-14.pdf">December 1992</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Science goal:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> <ul> <li>Spectroscopy of galaxies and QSO’s</li> <li>Elliptical galaxies</li> <li>Photometry</li> <li>Stellar populations</li> <li>Comets</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images taken with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/public/images/archive/search/?instrument=21">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Images of the <strong>instrument</strong>:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/images/archive/search/?subject_name=Danish%20Faint%20Object%20Spectrograph%20and%20Camera">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with the <strong>instrument</strong>:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="/public/news/archive/search/?published_until_year=0&published_until_day=0&description=&title=&instruments=21&subject_name=&published_since_day=0&published_since_month=0&published_until_month=0&id=&published_since_year=0">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Consortium:</strong></td> <td valign="top"> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.nbi.ku.dk/english/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Niels Bohr Institute</a> (Denmark) with funding from the Carlsberg Foundation</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> 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