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searchaux" style="display:none">Preservation of gramophone collections</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemexcham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Chemexcham.jpg/300px-Chemexcham.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Chemexcham.jpg/450px-Chemexcham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Chemexcham.jpg/600px-Chemexcham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Chemical Exposure Chamber, Southwest Research Institute of San Antonio. Vinyl, acetate, and shellac discs being exposed to soil and fungus spores. Library of Congress Study, 1959.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b> conservation and restoration of vinyl discs</b> refers to the preventive measures taken to defend against damage and slow degradation, and to maintain <a href="/wiki/Fidelity" title="Fidelity">fidelity</a> of singles, 12" singles, EP’s, and LP’s in 45 or 33⅓ rpm 10" <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">disc</a> <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">recordings</a>. </p><p>Vinyl LP preservation is generally considered separate from conservation, which refers to the repair and stabilization of individual discs. Commonly practiced in major sound archives and research <a href="/wiki/Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries">libraries</a> that house large collections of <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">audio</a> recordings, it is also frequently followed by <a href="/wiki/Audiophiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiophiles">audiophiles</a> and home record collectors. </p><p>Because <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_group" title="Vinyl group">vinyl</a>—a light plastic made up of polyvinyl chloride acetate copolymer, or <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a>—is considered the most stable of analog recording media, it is seen as less a concern for deterioration than earlier sound recordings made from more fragile materials such as acetate, vulcanite, or <a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">shellac</a>. This hardly means that vinyl recordings are infallible, however, and research—both expert and evidential—has shown that the way in which discs are handled and cared for can have a profound effect on their <a href="/wiki/Longevity" title="Longevity">longevity</a>. Though some <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">45s</a> (7"s) are also made from vinyl, many of them are actually <a href="/wiki/Polystyrene" title="Polystyrene">polystyrene</a>—a more fragile medium that is prone to fracturing from internal stress.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, many of the recommendations for the care of vinyl LPs can be applied to 45s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fonoteca_Nacional_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Fonoteca_Nacional_01.JPG/220px-Fonoteca_Nacional_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Fonoteca_Nacional_01.JPG/330px-Fonoteca_Nacional_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Fonoteca_Nacional_01.JPG/440px-Fonoteca_Nacional_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Modern vinyl disc machine cleaning at the Fonoteca Nacional (National Sound Archive of Mexico)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_development_and_standards">Historical development and standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical development and standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1959—roughly a decade after <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">vinyl</a> LPs first became widely available to <a href="/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer">consumers</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> published <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://csumc.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1101/2015/10/REPORT-Preservation-and-Storage-of-Sound-Recordings-Lemcoe-M.M.-Picket-A.G.-undated.pdf"><i>Preservation of Sound Recordings</i> (A.G. Pickett and M.M. Lemcoe)</a>, the first and most extensive investigation of the deterioration of grooved discs and <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a>. Funded by a grant from the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a>, the purpose of the investigation was to establish suitable guidelines for the storage and preservation of <a href="/wiki/Sound_recordings" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recordings">sound recordings</a> for libraries. Conducted at the Southwest Research Institute of San Antonio, the study involved subjecting sound recordings to a series of lab tests, from accelerated aging to fungal exposure. Though considered the definitive study in the field, the chemical makeup of <a href="/wiki/Plastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastics">plastics</a> and how they perform under stress was the primary focus of the report, whereas playback deterioration—a significant concern to sound archivists and record collectors—was excluded from the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Preservation and Restoration of Sound Recordings</i> (Jerry McWilliams), published in 1979 by the American Association of State and Local History, did include information about disc wear through playback, and is still a practical source of information on sound recording preservation. A comprehensive manual based on reports gathered from library professionals, sound <a href="/wiki/Archivists" class="mw-redirect" title="Archivists">archivists</a>, audio engineers, and other experts, it included information on such topics as disc damage from frequency of use, stylus wear, and inferior or improperly adjusted equipment. </p><p>In 1986 the Association of Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC) Associated Archives (AAA) Committee received a grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a> to conduct an in-depth study in order to identify the problems of preservation and access for sound recordings. Their 860-page report, titled <i>Audio Preservation, A Planning Study</i> was published in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the shift from <a href="/wiki/Analog_signal" title="Analog signal">analog</a> to <a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">digital recording</a>, research in the preservation of sound recordings has been in serious decline. Gerald L. Gibson, the head of the Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> expressed his concern on this issue in 1991, by referencing an investigation on the effects of fire on sound and audiovisual recordings as some of the only new research being done on the topic, stating, "Comparatively little is known about the preservation, conservation, aging problems, or properties of sound recordings…virtually no independent work is going on in these areas." (Gerald L. Gibson, Head of the Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division of the Library of Congress, 1991).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though guidelines and recommendations for the care, handling, and proper storage of vinyl LPs are available from such resources as The Library of Congress and the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Canada">National Library of Canada</a>, to this date there are no nationally agreed upon standards for audio preservation.<sup id="cite_ref-arl_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arl-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2007, a five-page letter was sent to the National Recording Preservation Board at the Library of Congress on behalf of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) in support of a study on the current state of recorded sound preservation in the United States, stating "the lack of agreed upon standards and commonly accepted best practices presents a major barrier to effective audio preservation."(Prudence S. Adler, Associate Executive Director and Karla L. Hahn, Director, Office of Scholarly Communication, Association of Research Libraries, Jan. 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-arl_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arl-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recommendations">Recommendations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recommendations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though recommendations for LP preservation differ among professionals, the majority are in agreement on some basic <a href="/wiki/Guidelines" class="mw-redirect" title="Guidelines">guidelines</a>: discs need to be kept clean, stored in such a way to prevent distortion, and maintained in a stable, climate-controlled environment. Routine <a href="/wiki/Preventive_maintenance" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive maintenance">maintenance</a> of <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">turntable</a> equipment including regular inspection of the weight, tracking, and condition of the <a href="/wiki/Stylus" title="Stylus">stylus</a> is also advised. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleaning">Cleaning</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cleaning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though proper methods are debated, <a href="/wiki/Parts_cleaning" title="Parts cleaning">cleaning</a> is extremely important in maintaining the <a href="/wiki/Fidelity" title="Fidelity">fidelity</a> of LPs. As Gibson stated, "As with most things in the field, there is very little certainty regarding cleaning. What is known is based on trial-and-error, not upon controlled, scientific study…however, one thing is certain: playing a dirty recording, regardless of its format, is one of the most damaging things you can do to it."(Gerald L. Gibson, Head of the Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division of the Library of Congress, 1991)<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson,_Gerald_D._1991_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson,_Gerald_D._1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is imperative that LPs be kept free from foreign matter deposits. <a href="/wiki/Oils" class="mw-redirect" title="Oils">Oils</a> from fingerprints, adhesives, and soot are damaging, as are air <a href="/wiki/Pollutants" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollutants">pollutants</a> like cigarette smoke. Even <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">grease</a> from cooking can deposit itself on LPs. Probably the number one contributor to damage, however, is ordinary household <a href="/wiki/Dust" title="Dust">dust</a>. Dust can become embedded permanently into the disc's grooves, causing distortion of the transmitting signal, ticks, pops, and inferior sound quality. Vinyl discs can become so dirty and scratched that they are virtually unlistenable. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filz-_und_Carbonb%C3%BCrste_zum_Reinigen_von_Schallplatten_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Filz-_und_Carbonb%C3%BCrste_zum_Reinigen_von_Schallplatten_26.jpg/220px-Filz-_und_Carbonb%C3%BCrste_zum_Reinigen_von_Schallplatten_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Filz-_und_Carbonb%C3%BCrste_zum_Reinigen_von_Schallplatten_26.jpg/330px-Filz-_und_Carbonb%C3%BCrste_zum_Reinigen_von_Schallplatten_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Filz-_und_Carbonb%C3%BCrste_zum_Reinigen_von_Schallplatten_26.jpg/440px-Filz-_und_Carbonb%C3%BCrste_zum_Reinigen_von_Schallplatten_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Felt and carbon-fibre brush</figcaption></figure> <p>It is recommended that discs be cleaned before—and after—each playback, carbon-fibre brushes are quite effective. Records should be cleaned in a circular motion, in the direction of the grooves. <a href="/wiki/Distilled_water" title="Distilled water">Distilled water</a> (not tap water as it will leave behind mineral deposits) and a soft, lint-free cloth are a common method of cleaning. Another method is to clean the LP on the turntable with a disc cleaning brush (the Discwasher system is frequently recommended by the audio press).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A simple "cleaning bath" device called the Spin Clean gives good results,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (November 2015)">according to whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> and there are also vacuum machines on the market such as the Nitty Gritty, Keith Monks, Clearaudio, and VPI, which are recommended for more a thorough cleaning.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibson,_Gerald_D._1991_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibson,_Gerald_D._1991-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In recent years, ultrasonic cleaning machines from manufacturers such as Klaudio (Korea) and Audio Desk Systeme (Germany) have also been used with great success. The effectiveness of the ultrasonic machines coupled with their premium price tags (both US$4,000 in January 2015) has opened the door for companies to offer professional ultrasonic cleaning at an affordable cost of just a few dollars per record.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another cleaning product recently released called Record Revirginizer uses a polymer that is applied to record surface then left to dry; the polymer is then peeled from the surface taking the microscopic contaminants with it.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though in the past, using <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a> on vinyl LPs was considered safe, experts now caution against it unless absolutely necessary, as alcohol threatens the loss of the plasticizer or stabilizer.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As vinyl is often prone to electrostatic charges that cause dust and debris to be attracted to its surface, anti-static products can be used if needed. </p><p>Other recommendations for the care, handling, and storage of LPs include the following:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Handling">Handling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Handling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>When possible, use clean, white, lint-free gloves for handling.</li> <li>Handle by edge and label areas only, with the third and fourth fingers balancing the label and the thumb supporting the rim.</li> <li>Remove from jacket by bowing the jacket open and holding it against the body and letting the LP with its inner sleeve slide out gently (following the same method for removing the inner sleeve).</li> <li>Do not expose to air or light unnecessarily. Return LPs to their jackets immediately after playback.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storing">Storing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Storing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_LP_records_rack_in_Tuntorp_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_LP_records_rack_in_Tuntorp_3.jpg/220px-Blue_LP_records_rack_in_Tuntorp_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_LP_records_rack_in_Tuntorp_3.jpg/330px-Blue_LP_records_rack_in_Tuntorp_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Blue_LP_records_rack_in_Tuntorp_3.jpg/440px-Blue_LP_records_rack_in_Tuntorp_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3160" data-file-height="3160" /></a><figcaption>Blue plastic rack for LP records</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Store exactly vertically to prevent <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warp" class="extiw" title="wikt:warp">warping</a>. Spacers are recommended for every four to six inches.</li> <li>Store LPs with other LPs. Avoid mixing with other sizes such as 10" and 7" discs. Never use bookends.</li> <li>Store on metal shelves (as opposed to wood, which expands and contracts).</li> <li>Do not allow LPs to hang over the edge of shelves.</li> <li>Remove shrink wrap from dust jackets immediately after acquiring.</li> <li>Use polyethylene inner sleeves. Never use PVC sleeves as their chemical makeup is too close to vinyl and may cause imprints or fuse to the LP.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Replace paper sleeves as paper deteriorates, leaving oil and paper residue.</li> <li>Store in-use LPs at a temperature of 65 to 70 °F (18 to 21 °C). Those in long-term storage should be kept at 45 to 50 °F (7 to 10 °C). Though <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (RH) is considered less an issue for vinyl than other recorded media,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is recommended that LPs be stored at 45–50% RH.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playback_equipment">Playback equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Playback equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The stylus tip should be kept clean at all times. A soft, camelhair brush is recommended with a drop of Discwasher solution. Only clean from back to front.</li> <li>The stylus should be periodically inspected as it is gradually worn by use. Never play LPs with a worn stylus.</li> <li>Maintain proper tracking force. If too high, the stylus will bear down on the groove walls of the LP; if too low, the stylus will bounce in the groove.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reformatting">Reformatting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reformatting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As vinyl recordings are known to degrade after repeated playback, preservation copying is recommended for archival purposes. This is especially true for rare recordings or those that have special value. A general guideline is to digitise the recording using the appropriate stylus, tracking weight, equalisation curve and other playback parameters and use high-quality analogue-to-digital converters.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A service copy of the recording can then be created (on CD or other format) from the preservation master. A second option is to create three copies, the second copy acting as a duplicating master and the third for public use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/28px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/42px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/55px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_Preservation_and_Digitization_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project">Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">Gramophone record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LP_album" class="mw-redirect" title="LP album">LP album</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Recording_Preservation_Board" title="National Recording Preservation Board">National Recording Preservation Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Phonograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archival_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preservation (library and archival science)">Preservation (library and archival science)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">Sound recording and reproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_turntable" title="Laser turntable">Laser turntable</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McWilliams, Jerry. <i>The Preservation and Restoration of Sound Recordings,</i> page 42. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1979. , page 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pickett, A. G., and M. M. Lemcoe. <i>Preservation and Storage of Sound Recordings,</i> page iv. Washington: Library of Congress, 1959.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Swartzburg, Susan G. <i>Preserving Library Materials: A Manual</i>, page 201. N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, Gerald D. “Preservation and Conservation of Sound Recordings,” page 27 in <i>Conserving and Preserving Materials in Nonbook Formats</i>. Henderson, Kathryn L. and William T., editors. Urbana-Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arl-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arl_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arl_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Association of Research Libraries, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/stsrfinal.pdf">Letter to National Recording Preservation Board</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205233725/http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/stsrfinal.pdf">Archived</a> 2007-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Library of Congress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gibson,_Gerald_D._1991-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson,_Gerald_D._1991_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gibson,_Gerald_D._1991_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, Gerald D. “Preservation and Conservation of Sound Recordings,” page 32 in <i>Conserving and Preserving Materials in Nonbook Formats</i>. Henderson, Kathryn L. and William T., editors. Urbana-Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McWilliams, Jerry. <i>The Preservation and Restoration of Sound Recordings,</i> page 60. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stereophile review of Audio Desk Systeme Vinyl Cleaner <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.stereophile.com/content/audio-desk-systeme-vinyl-cleaner">[1]</a> Websites for professional ultrasonic cleaning service <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://originalsvinyl.com">[2]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://recordgenie.com">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Queensland university student restores retro records <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://newsmaker.com.au/news/2741">[4]</a> Official Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://recordrevirginizer.com">[5]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, Gerald D. “Preservation and Conservation of Sound Recordings,” page 33 in <i>Conserving and Preserving Materials in Nonbook Formats</i>. Henderson, Kathryn L. and William T., editors. Urbana-Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/preserv/care/record.html">Cylinder, Disc, and Tape Care in A Nutshell</a>, Library of Congress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.ca/6/28/s28-10190e.html">The Preservation of Recorded Sound Materials</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, National Library of Canada</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, Gerald D. “Preservation and Conservation of Sound Recordings,” page 34 in <i>Conserving and Preserving Materials in Nonbook Formats</i>. Henderson, Kathryn L. and William T., editors. Urbana-Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois, Graduate School of Library and Information Science, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McWilliams, Jerry. <i>The Preservation and Restoration of Sound Recordings,</i> page 42. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McWilliams, Jerry. <i>The Preservation and Restoration of Sound Recordings,</i> page 74. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1979.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/audio-preservation"><i>Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects</i> (IASA TC04)</a> International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives 2009.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arsc-audio.org/">Association for Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iasa-web.org/">International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byauth/st-laurent/care.html">The Care and Handling of Recorded Sound Materials</a>. Updated version; original: St.-Laurent, Gilles. "Preservation of Recorded Sound Materials." ARSC Journal 23, no. 2 (December 1991): 425-436.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070402195808/http://www.arl.org/preserv/sound_savings_proceedings/Pictorial_guide.shtml">Association of Research Libraries: Pictorial Guide to Sound Recording Media</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/preventive-conservation/guidelines-collections/caring-audio-video-data-recording-media.html">The Preservation of Recorded Sound Materials, Government of Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/preserv/care/record.html">Cylinder, Disc, and Tape Care in A Nutshell, Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819083906/http://library.syr.edu/information/belfer/bibliogr.htm">Audio Archiving, Current Issues and Selected Readings, Syracuse University Library</a></li></ul> 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Phonograph/gramophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_turntable" title="Direct-drive turntable">Direct-drive turntable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt-drive_turntable" title="Belt-drive turntable">Belt-drive turntable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox" title="Jukebox">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeburg_1000" title="Seeburg 1000">Seeburg 1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Hi-Fi" title="Highway Hi-Fi">Highway Hi-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_changer" title="Record changer">Record changer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_turntable" title="Laser turntable">Laser turntable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">Phonograph cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record">Phonograph record</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_phonograph_records" title="Production of phonograph records">production</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Conservation and restoration of vinyl discs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_revival" title="Vinyl revival">Vinyl revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/32px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cultural_heritage_and_historic_preservation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Template:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Template talk:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural_Conservation-Restoration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cultural Conservation-Restoration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cultural_heritage_and_historic_preservation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">historic preservation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br /> and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agents_of_deterioration" title="Agents of deterioration">Agents of deterioration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archival_processing" title="Archival processing">Archival processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_science" title="Archaeological science">Archaeological science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioarchaeology" title="Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(archives)" title="Calendar (archives)">Calendar (archives)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of cultural property">Conservation and restoration of cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_immovable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property">Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_movable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property">Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_science_(cultural_property)" title="Conservation science (cultural property)">Conservation science (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collecting" title="Collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(museum)" title="Collection (museum)">Collection (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_catalog" title="Collection catalog">Collection catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_maintenance" title="Collections maintenance">Collections maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_management" title="Collections management">Collections management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collections_management_system" title="Collections management system">Collections management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_management" title="Cultural heritage management">Cultural heritage management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property" title="Cultural property">Cultural property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_documentation" title="Cultural property documentation">Cultural property documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_exhibition" title="Cultural property exhibition">Cultural property exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_imaging" title="Cultural property imaging">Cultural property imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_storage" title="Cultural property storage">Cultural property storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_resources_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural resources management">Cultural resources management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_preservation" title="Database preservation">Database preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaccessioning_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaccessioning (museum)">Deaccessioning (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_photograph_restoration" title="Digital photograph restoration">Digital photograph restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_preservation" title="Digital preservation">Digital preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_preparedness_(cultural_property)" title="Disaster preparedness (cultural property)">Disaster preparedness (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_preservation" title="Film preservation">Film preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_aid" title="Finding aid">Finding aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonds" title="Fonds">Fonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_in_collection" title="Found in collection">Found in collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_asset" title="Heritage asset">Heritage asset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_science" title="Heritage science">Heritage science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inherent_vice" title="Inherent vice">Inherent vice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">Intangible cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_pest_management_(cultural_property)" title="Integrated pest management (cultural property)">Integrated pest management (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventory_(library_and_archive)" title="Inventory (library and archive)">Inventory (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventory_(museum)" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventory (museum)">Inventory (museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_preservation" title="Media preservation">Media preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_control_and_prevention_(library_and_archive)" title="Mold control and prevention (library and archive)">Mold control and prevention (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_media_preservation" title="Optical media preservation">Optical media preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation (library and archive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_metadata" title="Preservation metadata">Preservation metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_survey" title="Preservation survey">Preservation survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">Provenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repatriation_(cultural_property)" title="Repatriation (cultural property)">Repatriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins" title="Ruins">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_preservation" title="Sustainable preservation">Sustainable preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure" title="Treasure">Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_archiving" title="Web archiving">Web archiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles<br /> and expertise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archivist" title="Archivist">Archivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_dealer" title="Art dealer">Art dealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_handler" title="Art handler">Art handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auctioneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Auctioneer">Auctioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_manager" title="Collection manager">Collection manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservator-restorer" title="Conservator-restorer">Conservator-restorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_scientist" title="Conservation scientist">Conservation scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_technician" title="Conservation technician">Conservation technician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator" title="Curator">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_designer" title="Exhibition designer">Exhibition designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_maker" title="Mount maker">Mount maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objects_conservator" title="Objects conservator">Objects conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_conservator" title="Paintings conservator">Paintings conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph_conservator" title="Photograph conservator">Photograph conservator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservationist" title="Preservationist">Preservationist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registrar_(cultural_property)" title="Registrar (cultural property)">Registrar (cultural property)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_conservator" title="Textile conservator">Textile conservator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods<br /> and techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_(artwork)" title="Aging (artwork)">Aging (artwork)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anastylosis" title="Anastylosis">Anastylosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrested_decay" title="Arrested decay">Arrested decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cradling_(paintings)" title="Cradling (paintings)">Cradling (paintings)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_property_radiography" title="Cultural property radiography">Cultural property radiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_of_wall_paintings" title="Detachment of wall paintings">Detachment of wall paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmet_method" title="Desmet method">Desmet method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_case" title="Display case">Display case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_repository_audit_method_based_on_risk_assessment" title="Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment">Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_paint_analysis" title="Historic paint analysis">Historic paint analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpainting" title="Inpainting">Inpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintsugi" title="Kintsugi">Kintsugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leafcasting" title="Leafcasting">Leafcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lining_of_paintings" title="Lining of paintings">Lining of paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_deacidification" title="Mass deacidification">Mass deacidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpainting" title="Overpainting">Overpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-inspiration" title="Paleo-inspiration">Paleo-inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_splitting" title="Paper splitting">Paper splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_(architecture)" title="Reconstruction (architecture)">Reconstruction (architecture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rissverklebung" title="Rissverklebung">Rissverklebung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_stabilization" title="Textile stabilization">Textile stabilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_panel_paintings" title="Transfer of panel paintings">Transfer of panel paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVC-based_preservation" title="UVC-based preservation">UVC-based preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisualAudio" title="VisualAudio">VisualAudio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_immovable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property">Conservation<br /> and restoration<br /> of immovable <br /> cultural property</a><br /> by item type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_archaeological_sites" title="Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_frescos" title="Conservation and restoration of frescos">Frescos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_historic_gardens" title="Conservation and restoration of historic gardens">Historic gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_artworks" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor artworks">Outdoor artworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_bronze_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor bronze objects">Outdoor bronze objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_outdoor_murals" title="Conservation and restoration of outdoor murals">Outdoor murals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_movable_cultural_property" title="Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property">Conservation<br /> and restoration<br /> of movable <br /> cultural property</a><br /> by item type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of aircraft">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ancient_Greek_pottery" title="Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery">Ancient Greek pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_bone,_horn,_and_antler_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of bone, horn, and antler objects">Bone, horn, and antler objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ceramic_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of ceramic objects">Ceramic objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_clocks" title="Conservation and restoration of clocks">Clocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_copper-based_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of copper-based objects">Copper-based objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_feathers" title="Conservation and restoration of feathers">Feathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_flags_and_banners" title="Conservation and restoration of flags and banners">Flags and banners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_fur_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of fur objects">Fur objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_glass_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of glass objects">Glass objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_herbaria" title="Conservation and restoration of herbaria">Herbaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_human_remains" title="Conservation and restoration of human remains">Human remains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_illuminated_manuscripts" title="Conservation and restoration of illuminated manuscripts">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_insect_specimens" title="Conservation and restoration of insect specimens">Insect specimens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_iron_and_steel_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of iron and steel objects">Iron and steel objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_ivory_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of ivory objects">Ivory objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Judaica" title="Conservation and restoration of Judaica">Judaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_lacquerware" title="Conservation and restoration of lacquerware">Lacquerware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_leather_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of leather objects">Leather objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_lighthouses" title="Conservation and restoration of lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_metals" title="Conservation and restoration of metals">Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_musical_instruments" title="Conservation and restoration of musical instruments">Musical instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_neon_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of neon objects">Neon objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_new_media_art" title="Conservation and restoration of new media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of paintings">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_painting_frames" title="Conservation and restoration of painting frames">Painting frames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_panel_paintings" title="Conservation and restoration of panel paintings">Panel paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_papyrus" title="Conservation and restoration of papyrus">Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_parchment" title="Conservation and restoration of parchment">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_performance_art" title="Conservation and restoration of performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">Photographic plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_plastic_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of plastic objects">Plastic objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_rail_vehicles" title="Conservation and restoration of rail vehicles">Rail vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_road_vehicles" title="Conservation and restoration of road vehicles">Road vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_shipwreck_artifacts" title="Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts">Shipwreck artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_silver_objects" title="Conservation and restoration of silver objects">Silver objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_South_Asian_household_shrines" title="Conservation of South Asian household shrines">South Asian household shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_stained_glass" title="Conservation and restoration of stained glass">Stained glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_taxidermy" title="Conservation and restoration of taxidermy">Taxidermy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_textiles" title="Conservation and restoration of textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Tibetan_thangkas" title="Conservation and restoration of Tibetan thangkas">Tibetan thangkas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_time-based_media_art" title="Conservation and restoration of time-based media art">Time-based media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_totem_poles" title="Conservation and restoration of totem poles">Totem poles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vinyl discs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_woodblock_prints" title="Conservation and restoration of woodblock prints">Woodblock prints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_wooden_artifacts" title="Conservation and restoration of wooden artifacts">Wooden artifacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_wooden_furniture" title="Conservation and restoration of wooden furniture">Wooden furniture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage" title="Intangible cultural heritage">Intangible<br /> cultural heritage</a><br /> preservation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_music" title="Ancient music">Ancient music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_folklore" title="Applied folklore">Applied folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">Dance notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_language" title="Endangered language">Endangered language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnochoreology" title="Ethnochoreology">Ethnochoreology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">Ethnomusicology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopoetics" title="Ethnopoetics">Ethnopoetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_folklore" title="Family folklore">Family folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">Folk etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_instrument" title="Folk instrument">Folk instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk medicine">Folk medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_process" title="Folk process">Folk process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_play" title="Folk play">Folk play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodways" title="Foodways">Foodways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">Folklore studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_language" title="Heritage language">Heritage language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_language_learning" title="Heritage language learning">Heritage language learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Indigenous intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous culture">Indigenous culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Indigenous language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_death" title="Language death">Language death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_preservation" title="Language preservation">Language preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_revitalization" title="Language revitalization">Language revitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_history" title="Living history">Living history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_history_preservation" title="Oral history preservation">Oral history preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_of_meaning" title="Preservation of meaning">Preservation of meaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Primitive music">Primitive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition#Preservation" title="Tradition">Tradition preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_knowledge" title="Traditional knowledge">Traditional knowledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable<br />projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_issues_of_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum" title="Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum">Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecce_Homo_(Mart%C3%ADnez_and_Gim%C3%A9nez)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecce Homo (Martínez and Giménez)">Conservation-restoration of <i>Ecce Homo</i> by Elías García Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_Thomas_Eakins%27_The_Gross_Clinic" title="Conservation-restoration of Thomas Eakins' The Gross Clinic">Conservation-restoration of <i>The Gross Clinic</i> by Thomas Eakins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci%27s_The_Last_Supper" title="Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper">Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's <i>The Last Supper</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_Pompeian_frescoes" title="Conservation and restoration of Pompeian frescoes">Pompeian frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Shroud_of_Turin" title="Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin">Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_of_the_Sistine_Chapel_frescoes" title="Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes">Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty" title="Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty">Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation-restoration_of_the_H.L._Hunley" title="Conservation-restoration of the H.L. Hunley">Conservation-restoration of the <i>H.L. Hunley</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_flood_of_the_Arno" title="1966 flood of the Arno">Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_and_Contemporary_Art_Research_Initiative" title="Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative">Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_Metadata:_Implementation_Strategies" title="Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies">Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&oldid=1180377368">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_and_restoration_of_vinyl_discs&oldid=1180377368</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Audio_storage" title="Category:Audio storage">Audio storage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservation_and_restoration_of_cultural_heritage" title="Category:Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage">Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Record_collecting" title="Category:Record collecting">Record collecting</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from July 2019">Articles with dead external links from July 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_November_2015" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2015">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2015</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2023, at 07:19<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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