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href="/democratization" title="Democratization " class="translation-link active active" hreflang="en">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ru"><a href="/ru/democratization" title="Демократизация" class="translation-link" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="node_translation_fr"><a href="/fr/democratization" title="Démocratisation" class="translation-link" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li> <li class="node_translation_de"><a href="/de/democratization" title="Demokratisierung" class="translation-link" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="node_translation_it"><a href="/it/democratization" title="Democratizzazione" class="translation-link" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li class="node_translation_es last"><a href="/es/democratization" title="Democratización" class="translation-link" hreflang="es">Español</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="panel-pane pane-banner" > <div class="pane-content"> What we do </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="rounded-shadow-bottom-edge"> <div class="rounded-shadow-left"></div><div class="rounded-shadow-right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content--sidebar-top"> <div class="panel-pane pane-views pane-logo" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-logo view-id-logo view-display-id-default view-dom-id-logo-default"> <div class="view-empty"> <div style="display: none"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-menu-what-we-do" > <div class="pane-content"> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-black osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-block osce-box-menu-menu-whatwedo"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><a href="/what-we-do" class="" >What We Do</a></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <ul class="menu"><li class="collapsed first"><a href="/arms-control" title="Arms control" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Arms control</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/border-management" title="Border management" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Border management</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/combating-human-trafficking" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Combating trafficking in human beings</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/countering-terrorism" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Countering terrorism</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/conflict-prevention-and-resolution" title="" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Conflict prevention and resolution</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/cyber-ict-security" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Cyber/ICT Security</a></li> <li class="expanded active-trail"><a href="/democratization" hreflang="en" class="has-children active">Democratization </a><ul class="menu"><li class="expanded first"><a href="/odihr" hreflang="en" class="has-children"> Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a><ul class="menu"><li class="leaf first"><a href="/odihr/democracy" hreflang="en">Democratization</a></li> <li class="leaf last"><a href="/odihr/legislative-support" hreflang="en">Legislative support</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/presence-in-albania/democratization" title="" hreflang="en">Presence in Albania</a></li> <li class="leaf last"><a href="/mission-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina/democratization" title="" hreflang="en">Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/economic-activities" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Economic activities</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/education" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Education</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/elections" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Elections</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/environmental-activities" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Environmental activities</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/gender-equality" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Gender equality</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/good-governance" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Good governance</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/human-rights" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Human rights</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/media-freedom-and-development" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Media freedom and development</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/migration" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Migration</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/national-minority-issues" hreflang="en" class="has-children">National minority issues</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/policing" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Policing</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/reform-and-cooperation-in-the-security-sector" title="" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Reform and co-operation in the security sector</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/roma-and-sinti" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Roma and Sinti</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/rule-of-law" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Rule of law</a></li> <li class="collapsed"><a href="/tolerance-and-nondiscrimination" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Tolerance and non-discrimination</a></li> <li class="collapsed last"><a href="/youth" hreflang="en" class="has-children">Youth</a></li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content--content"> <h1>Democratization </h1><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-teaser-photo" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="osce-figure-wrapper osce-figure-full osce-figure-captioned"> <div class="osce-figure"> <div class="osce-figure-content"> <div class="panel-pane pane-content-field pane-field-image-hi-res" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-type-filefield field-field-image-hi-res"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/10_large_gallery/f/images/hires/4/1/100189.jpg?1517405628" alt="" title="" width="940" height="508" class="imagecache imagecache-10_large_gallery imagecache-default imagecache-10_large_gallery_default"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="osce-figure-caption"> <div class="panel-pane pane-content-field pane-field-photo-caption display-inline" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-photo-caption"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Members of parliament raise their hands during a vote at a session of the Polish parliament, the Sejm, Warsaw. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> (Polish parliament/Krzysztof Białoskórski) </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-content-field pane-field-description" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-description"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> The OSCE helps its participating States build and consolidate democratic institutions. This means helping governments become more responsive, accountable and representative. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-node-body node-content html-formatted" > <div class="pane-content"> <p>As one of the world’s principal regional human rights bodies, the OSCE <a href="//www.osce.org/odihr" rel="nofollow">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a> (ODIHR) works with government institutions, political parties and parliaments, and assists civil society in policy-making. ODIHR also supports the efforts of <a href="/states">participating States</a> in increasing the participation of women and youth in politics, strengthening parliaments, developing multiparty political landscapes, improving the integration of migrants and modernizing population-registration systems.</p> <p>A number of OSCE field operations also actively work in supporting democratic institutions in their countries of operation. Some of their activities include:</p> <ul> <li>Running public information, awareness-raising and outreach campaigns;</li> <li>Working with government structures and civil society organizations on capacity building;</li> <li>Working with government institutions and civil society to encourage civic participation;</li> <li>Supporting parliamentary bodies in the oversight of the security sector;</li> <li>Providing an informal and non-partisan forum for government, political parties and constituents;</li> <li>Supporting media reform; and</li> <li>Helping further electoral and political processes in line with international standards.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-white osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-views_panes osce-box-taxonomy_stories-panel_pane_2 osce-borderless"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <div class="osce-box-label">Democratization </div> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Stories</span><a href="/stories?=117" class="link-see-all" >See all</a></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="view view-taxonomy-stories view-id-taxonomy_stories view-display-id-panel_pane_2 view-dom-id-a85e2980c1aa1490c581f645c2a1f586"> <div class="view-content"> <div class=""> <div class="osce-slick osce-slick-related-stories" data-slick-config="related-stories" id="" data-slick-navigates=""> <div class=" slick-row slick-row-0"><div class="osce-figure-wrapper osce-figure- osce-figure-captioned"> <div class="osce-figure"> <div class="osce-figure-content"> <div class="views-field-path"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/mission-to-serbia/562842 "><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/30_small/f/images/hires/8/b/557607.jpg?1699525636" alt="" title="" width="300" height="200" class="imagecache imagecache-30_small imagecache-default imagecache-30_small_default"/></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="osce-figure-caption"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content">Cultivating Serbia's future environmental guardians: OSCE Mission's lasting impact through the environmental law clinic</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/mission-to-serbia/562842">More info...</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" slick-row slick-row-1"><div class="osce-figure-wrapper osce-figure- osce-figure-captioned"> <div class="osce-figure"> <div class="osce-figure-content"> <div class="views-field-path"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/secretariat/523913 "><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/30_small/f/images/hires/9/a/523910.jpg?1659953919" alt="" title="" width="300" height="200" class="imagecache imagecache-30_small imagecache-default imagecache-30_small_default"/></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="osce-figure-caption"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content">Gender Justice, a Constitutional Right</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/secretariat/523913">More info...</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" slick-row slick-row-2"><div class="osce-figure-wrapper osce-figure- osce-figure-captioned"> <div class="osce-figure"> <div class="osce-figure-content"> <div class="views-field-path"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/mission-to-serbia/522241 "><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/30_small/f/images/hires/9/7/522217.png?1657200388" alt="" title="" width="300" height="200" class="imagecache imagecache-30_small imagecache-default imagecache-30_small_default"/></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="osce-figure-caption"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content">OSCE-supported campaign “Keep it personal” raises citizens’ awareness on personal data protection</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/mission-to-serbia/522241">More info...</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" slick-row slick-row-3"><div class="osce-figure-wrapper osce-figure- osce-figure-captioned"> <div class="osce-figure"> <div class="osce-figure-content"> <div class="views-field-path"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/programme-office-in-bishkek/521050 "><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/30_small/f/images/hires/e/6/521056.JPG?1655974255" alt="" title="" width="300" height="200" class="imagecache imagecache-30_small imagecache-default imagecache-30_small_default"/></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="osce-figure-caption"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content">Women’s leadership – a force for change</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/programme-office-in-bishkek/521050">More info...</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class=" slick-row slick-row-4"><div class="osce-figure-wrapper osce-figure- osce-figure-captioned"> <div class="osce-figure"> <div class="osce-figure-content"> <div class="views-field-path"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/stories/when-click-does-the-trick "><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/30_small/f/images/hires/d/8/305496.jpg?1517413206" alt="" title="" width="300" height="200" class="imagecache imagecache-30_small imagecache-default imagecache-30_small_default"/></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="osce-figure-caption"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content">When click does the trick</span> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/stories/when-click-does-the-trick">More info...</a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <aside class="osce-box osce-grid-3col osce-grid-bordered osce-box-borderless osce-box-style-white osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-content_field osce-box-field_content_refs"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <div class="osce-box-label">Democratization </div> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Highlights</span></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-content-refs"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-cref-pnlz-default" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-pane pane-content-field pane-field-item-source" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-item-source"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="/serbia/76872"><div class="osce-figure"><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/41_xsmall_panorama/f/images/web/f/a/11882.jpg?1517401721" alt="One hundred and fifty students from Serbia and abroad took part in a debating tournament on minority rights, organized by the OSCE Mission to Serbia in partnership with Debate Club Open Communication, Belgrade University Law Faculty, 28 February 2010. (OSCE/Milan Obradovic)" title="One hundred and fifty students from Serbia and abroad took part in a debating tournament on minority rights, organized by the OSCE Mission to Serbia in partnership with Debate Club Open Communication, Belgrade University Law Faculty, 28 February 2010. (OSCE/Milan Obradovic)" width="181" height="84" class="imagecache imagecache-41_xsmall_panorama"/></div></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-content-field pane-field-item-source content-ref-title" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-item-source"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="/serbia/76872">Democratization activities in pictures</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-content-field pane-field-description content-ref-description" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-description"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> By OSCE Mission to Serbia </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-white osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-views_panes osce-box-node_multimedia-panel_pane_1 osce-borderless osce-box-empty"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <div class="osce-box-label">What we do</div> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Video & Photography</span></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="view view-node-multimedia view-id-node_multimedia view-display-id-panel_pane_1 view-dom-id-bf4e2f0fbd3aedb1a4b6c77b25cd1f33"> <div class="view-empty"> <div style="display: none"></div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-key-resources-activities-only key-resources" > <div class="pane-content"> <aside class="osce-box osce-grid-wide osce-grid-bordered osce-box-borderless osce-box-style-white osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-content_field osce-box-field_links"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <div class="osce-box-label">Democratization </div> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Key Resources</span></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-links"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="link-item"> <div class="link-item-link"> <a href="/odihr/elections/13956"><div class="osce-figure"><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/50_thumb/f/images/hires/d/a/4769.png?1517325663" alt="Front cover of "Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" (OSCE)" title="Front cover of "Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" (OSCE)" width="75" height="100" class="imagecache imagecache-50_thumb"/></div></a><a href="/odihr/elections/13956" title="Front cover of "Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" (OSCE)" class="title">Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States</a> </div> <div class="link-item-type"> <span> Guide / manual / handbook </span> </div> <div class="link-translations"> <ul class="links"><li class="node_translation_en active first"><a href="/files/f/documents/0/d/13956.pdf" title="Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" class="translation-link active" hreflang="en" data-nid="13956" data-tnid="13956" data-title="Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" data-language="en">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ru"><a href="/files/f/documents/d/2/13957.pdf" title="Существующие обязательства по проведению демократических выборов в государствах-участниках ОБСЕ" class="translation-link" hreflang="ru" data-nid="13957" data-tnid="13956" data-title="Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" data-language="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="node_translation_sq"><a href="/files/f/documents/0/8/70285.pdf" title="Zotimet Ekzistuese për Zgjedhje Demokratike në Shtetet Pjesëmarrëse në OSBE" class="translation-link" hreflang="sq" data-nid="70285" data-tnid="13956" data-title="Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" data-language="sq">Shqip</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ar"><a href="/files/f/documents/f/3/103333.pdf" title="لودلل ةيطارقيمدلا تاباختنلال ةيلاحلا تامازتللا اابوروأ في نواعتلاو نملأا ةمظنم في ةكراشلما " class="translation-link" hreflang="ar" data-nid="103333" data-tnid="13956" data-title="Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" data-language="ar">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_mk last"><a href="/files/f/documents/a/2/70286.pdf" title="Постојни заложби за демократски избори во земјите-членки на ОБСЕ" class="translation-link" hreflang="mk" data-nid="70286" data-tnid="13956" data-title="Existing Commitments for Democratic Elections in OSCE Participating States" data-language="mk">Македонски</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item even"> <div class="link-item"> <div class="link-item-link"> <a href="/odihr/104416"><div class="osce-figure"><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/50_thumb/f/images/hires/5/0/104417.png?1517406114" alt="Front cover of a factsheet explaining the work of the OSCE/ODIHR in assisting OSCE participating States in the area of democratic governance. (OSCE)" title="Front cover of a factsheet explaining the work of the OSCE/ODIHR in assisting OSCE participating States in the area of democratic governance. (OSCE)" width="75" height="100" class="imagecache imagecache-50_thumb"/></div></a><a href="/odihr/104416" title="Front cover of a factsheet explaining the work of the OSCE/ODIHR in assisting OSCE participating States in the area of democratic governance. (OSCE)" class="title">ODIHR and Democratic Governance</a> </div> <div class="link-item-type"> <span> Factsheet </span> </div> <div class="link-translations"> <ul class="links"><li class="node_translation_en active first"><a href="/files/f/documents/b/c/104416.pdf" title="ODIHR and Democratic Governance" class="translation-link active" hreflang="en" data-nid="104416" data-tnid="104416" data-title="ODIHR and Democratic Governance" data-language="en">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ru last"><a href="/files/f/documents/c/3/147331.pdf" title="БДИПЧ и демократическое управление" class="translation-link" hreflang="ru" data-nid="147331" data-tnid="104416" data-title="ODIHR and Democratic Governance" data-language="ru">Русский</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="link-item"> <div class="link-item-link"> <a href="/odihr/98924"><div class="osce-figure"><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/50_thumb/f/images/hires/f/8/98925.jpg?1517405504" alt="Front cover of the "Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" (OSCE)" title="Front cover of the "Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" (OSCE)" width="75" height="100" class="imagecache imagecache-50_thumb"/></div></a><a href="/odihr/98924" title="Front cover of the "Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" (OSCE)" class="title">Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians</a> </div> <div class="link-item-type"> <span> Study / report </span> </div> <div class="link-translations"> <ul class="links"><li class="node_translation_en active first"><a href="/files/f/documents/7/7/98924.pdf" title="Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" class="translation-link active" hreflang="en" data-nid="98924" data-tnid="98924" data-title="Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" data-language="en">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ru"><a href="/files/f/documents/b/5/99694.pdf" title="Профессиональные и этические стандарты для парламентариев: Анализ существующей ситуации" class="translation-link" hreflang="ru" data-nid="99694" data-tnid="98924" data-title="Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" data-language="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ar"><a href="/files/f/documents/8/f/101899.pdf" title="الدراسة الأساسية: المعايير المهنية والأخلاقية للبرلمانيين" class="translation-link" hreflang="ar" data-nid="101899" data-tnid="98924" data-title="Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" data-language="ar">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ka last"><a href="/files/f/documents/5/1/103110.pdf" title="Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians (ka)" class="translation-link" hreflang="ka" data-nid="103110" data-tnid="98924" data-title="Background Study: Professional and Ethical Standards for Parliamentarians" data-language="ka">ქართული</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field-item even"> <div class="link-item"> <div class="link-item-link"> <a href="/odihr/77812"><div class="osce-figure"><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/50_thumb/f/images/hires/e/8/84499.png?1517403747" alt="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation (OSCE)" title="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation (OSCE)" width="75" height="100" class="imagecache imagecache-50_thumb"/></div></a><a href="/odihr/77812" title="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation (OSCE)" class="title">Guidelines on Political Party Regulation</a> </div> <div class="link-item-type"> <span> Guide / manual / handbook </span> </div> <div class="link-translations"> <ul class="links"><li class="node_translation_en active first"><a href="/files/f/documents/2/b/77812.pdf" title="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation" class="translation-link active" hreflang="en" data-nid="77812" data-tnid="77812" data-title="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation" data-language="en">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ru"><a href="/files/f/documents/1/f/81988.pdf" title="Руководящие принципы правового регулирования деятельности политических партий" class="translation-link" hreflang="ru" data-nid="81988" data-tnid="77812" data-title="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation" data-language="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ar"><a href="/files/f/documents/8/8/91360.pdf" title="إرشادات حول تنظيم الأحزاب السياسية" class="translation-link" hreflang="ar" data-nid="91360" data-tnid="77812" data-title="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation" data-language="ar">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_fr last"><a href="/files/f/documents/9/b/91398.pdf" title="Lignes directrices sur la reglementation des partis politiques" class="translation-link" hreflang="fr" data-nid="91398" data-tnid="77812" data-title="Guidelines on Political Party Regulation" data-language="fr">Français</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="panel-pane pane-button" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/resources/publications?filters=im_taxonomy_vid_3:(117)" class="call2action">See all publications</a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-button" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/resources/documents?filters=im_taxonomy_vid_3:(117)" class="call2action">See all documents</a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-pane pane-button" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/resources/multimedia?filters=im_taxonomy_vid_3:(117)" class="call2action">See all multimedia</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-white osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-panels_mini osce-box-activity_accordions"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <div class="osce-box-label">Democratization</div> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>OSCE in Action</span></h2> <div class="osce-box-subtitle">Information and activities on Democratization from across the Organization.</div> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-gray osce-box-collapse-always osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-views_panes osce-box-taxonomy_pages-panel_pane_3 osce-box-collapse"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Institutions and Structures</span></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="view view-taxonomy-pages view-id-taxonomy_pages view-display-id-panel_pane_3 taxonomy-pages-institutions view-dom-id-e17c6bad4dac1d32ea966dff166fa2b6"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="osce-views-accordion osce-accordion-mobile-all osce-accordion-desktop-all"><div class="osce-accordion-section"> <div class="osce-accordion-title">OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</div> <div class="osce-accordion-content"> <div class="osce-teaser osce-teaser--with-image"> <div class="osce-teaser--image"> <div class="views-field-field-image-hi-res-fid"> <span class="field-content"><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/40_xsmall/f/images/hires/4/1/100189.jpg?1517405628" alt="" title="" width="205" height="138" class="imagecache imagecache-40_xsmall imagecache-default imagecache-40_xsmall_default"/></span> </div> </div> <div class="osce-teaser--text"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content">Democratization</span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-description-value"> <div class="field-content">By assisting states in building and consolidating democratic institutions, ODIHR aims to help governments become more responsive, accountable and representative. The Office works with government institutions, political parties and parliaments, and assists civil society in policy-making. ODIHR also supports the efforts of participating States in increasing the participation of women and youth in politics, strengthening parliaments, developing multiparty political landscapes, improving the integration of migrants and modernizing population-registration systems. These activities are often undertaken to assist states in implementing recommendations made by ODIHR election observation missions.</div> </div> <div class="views-field-title-1"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/odihr/democracy">More about Democratization </a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="osce-teaser osce-teaser--with-image"> <div class="osce-teaser--image"> <div class="views-field-field-image-hi-res-fid"> <span class="field-content"><img src="https://www.osce.org/files/imagecache/40_xsmall/f/images/hires/7/9/75040.jpg?1517402734" alt="" title="" width="205" height="138" class="imagecache imagecache-40_xsmall imagecache-default imagecache-40_xsmall_default"/></span> </div> </div> <div class="osce-teaser--text"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content">Legislative support</span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-description-value"> <div class="field-content">Good and effective legislation is the foundation of every functioning state based on the rule of law. Laws should be adopted through democratic procedures and be clear and concise. To ensure the quality and effectiveness of laws related to the human dimension, ODIHR supports participating States by reviewing their law-making systems and relevant draft and existing legislation. In providing such support, the Office draws on legislative guidelines in specific areas, such as election, freedom of assembly and political party legislation, as well as the resources of Legislationline.org, ODIHR’s online legislative database.</div> </div> <div class="views-field-title-1"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/odihr/legislative-support">More about Legislative support </a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-gray osce-box-collapse-always osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-views_panes osce-box-taxonomy_pages-panel_pane_2 osce-box-collapse"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Field Operations</span></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="view view-taxonomy-pages view-id-taxonomy_pages view-display-id-panel_pane_2 view-dom-id-b3d8ae25ef38393643d02ef92bc2ebd1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="osce-views-accordion osce-accordion-mobile-all osce-accordion-desktop-all"> <div class="osce-accordion-section"> <div class="osce-accordion-title">OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</div> <div class="osce-accordion-content"> <div class="views-field-field-image-hi-res-fid"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-description-value"> <div class="field-content">In the thematic area of democratization, the Mission works on safeguarding the main principles of democratic governance at all levels of authority and ensuring that institutions and governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina are responsive, transparent, effective, representative of and accountable to citizens.</div> </div> <div class="views-field-title-1"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/mission-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina/democratization">More about Democratization </a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="osce-accordion-section"> <div class="osce-accordion-title">OSCE Presence in Albania</div> <div class="osce-accordion-content"> <div class="views-field-field-image-hi-res-fid"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-description-value"> <div class="field-content">The Presence supports a strengthened role of Albania’s Parliament and its capacity building in performing its core functions with a focus on oversight and representative ones. It offers support to parliamentarians and parliamentary committees to increase their legislative and oversight role by introducing standardized practices and tools, promoting outreach and public hearings, monitoring committee visits in different regions of the country, to help bringing greater accountability toward citizens and increased efforts to gain public trust.</div> </div> <div class="views-field-title-1"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/presence-in-albania/democratization">More about Democratization </a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="content--sidebar-bottom"> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-white osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-panels_mini osce-box-latest_news_activities osce-borderless"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <div class="osce-box-label">Democratization </div> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Latest News</span><a href="http://feeds.osce.org/OSCELatestNews" class="rss-link" ><i class="icon icon-rss"></i></a></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="panel-pane pane-views pane-taxonomy-news" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="view view-taxonomy-news view-id-taxonomy_news view-display-id-embed_1 view-dom-id-610ade299669112a2261ef046d991297"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/presence-in-albania/589056">OSCE Presence, General Prosecutor’s Office organize workshop on strengthening prosecutors’ role in combating electoral crimes in Albania</a></span> </div> <span class="views-field-field-date-value"> <span class="field-content"><span class="date-display-single">10 April 2025</span></span> </span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/mission-to-montenegro/587984">Ecological perspective in spatial planning focus of OSCE-supported workshop in Podgorica</a></span> </div> <span class="views-field-field-date-value"> <span class="field-content"><span class="date-display-single">24 March 2025</span></span> </span> </div> <div class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/mission-in-kosovo/587894">OSCE launches new Policy Briefs on Media and Information Literacy to strengthen media resilience in Kosovo</a></span> </div> <span class="views-field-field-date-value"> <span class="field-content"><span class="date-display-single">20 March 2025</span></span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <a href="/press-releases?filters=+im_taxonomy_vid_3:(117)">View all News</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <aside class="osce-box osce-box-style-white osce-box-collapse-never osce-box-gridlayout-nogrid osce-box-views_panes osce-box-taxonomy_upcoming_events-panel_pane_2 osce-borderless"> <header class="osce-box-header"> <div class="osce-box-label">Democratization </div> <h2 class="osce-box-title"><span>Events</span><a href="http://feeds.osce.org/OSCE-Events" class="rss-link" ><i class="icon icon-rss"></i></a></h2> </header> <div class="osce-box-content "> <div class="view view-taxonomy-upcoming-events view-id-taxonomy_upcoming_events view-display-id-panel_pane_2 view-dom-id-a33fc55fa7a646be62554939d486b37a"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/odihr/SPLA2025">ODIHR/FES School on Politics, Leadership and Advocacy</a></span> </div> <span class="views-field-field-location-value"> <span class="field-content">Warsaw, Poland</span> </span> <span class="views-field-field-date-location-separator">, </span> <span class="views-field-field-event-date-value2"> <span class="field-content"><span class="views-field-field-date-value"><span class="date-display-start">2 June 2025</span><span class="date-display-separator"> - 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