CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Moken language - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c75f0dab-bb37-47ac-b9a8-ec0e84146a53","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Moken_language","wgTitle":"Moken language","wgCurRevisionId":1256651239,"wgRevisionId":1256651239,"wgArticleId":19138433,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Harv and Sfn no-target errors","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with unnamed Glottolog code","ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue","Pages with plain IPA","Articles containing Moken-language text","Articles containing Burmese-language text","Articles containing Kita Maninkakan-language text","Moklenic languages","Languages of Myanmar","Languages of Thailand"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage": "en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Moken_language","wgRelevantArticleId":19138433,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3217488","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":[ "brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Moken language - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moken_language"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moken_language"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Moken_language rootpage-Moken_language skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Moken+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Moken+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Moken+language" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Moken+language" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endangerment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endangerment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Endangerment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endangerment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geographic_distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geographic distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialects/Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialects/Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dialects/Varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialects/Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonotactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonotactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Phonotactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonotactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intonation_and_stress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intonation_and_stress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Intonation and stress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intonation_and_stress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Morphology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verbal_derivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbal_derivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Verbal derivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbal_derivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nominal_derivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nominal_derivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Nominal derivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nominal_derivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moken language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Moken" title="Tataramon na Moken – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Moken" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokeni_keel" title="Mokeni keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mokeni keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moken_(langue)" title="Moken (langue) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moken (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%BC%84%EC%96%B4" title="모켄어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모켄어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Moken" title="Pagsasao a Moken – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Moken" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Moken" title="Bahasa Moken – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Moken" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingue_moklen" title="Lingue moklen – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingue moklen" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimoken" title="Kimoken – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kimoken" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Мокленски јазици – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мокленски јазици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="မော်ကယ်ဘာသာစကား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မော်ကယ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Moken" title="Lenga Moken – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Moken" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_moken" title="Język moken – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język moken" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Moken" title="Wikang Moken – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Moken" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษามอแกน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษามอแกน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Moken" title="Tiếng Moken – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Moken" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3217488#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Moken_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Moken_language" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Moken_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Moken_language"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Moken_language" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Moken_language" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&oldid=1256651239" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Moken_language&id=1256651239&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMoken_language"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMoken_language"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Moken_language&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3217488" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Austronesian language spoken in southern Thailand and in western Burma</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Moken</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: pink;">Selung, Mawken, Basing, Selong, Salong, Salon, Chau Ko', Moklen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Moken" title="Moken">Moken</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">6,000 worldwide (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Moklenic_languages" title="Moklenic languages">Moklenic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Moken</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: pink;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/mwt" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:mwt">mwt</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/moke1242">moke1242</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1987">Moken</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Moken</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Malayo-Polynesian</a> language spoken by inhabitants in southern <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Southern <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, who refer to themselves as Moken (people) and Mawken.<sup id="cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_1995_p193_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naw_Say_Bay_1995_p193-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language is closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen language</a>, and can be mistaken to be similar to <a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi' language">Urak Lawoi'</a> but is in actuality distantly related.<sup id="cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_1995_p193_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naw_Say_Bay_1995_p193-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also regarded as "sea people" as the speakers are primarily concentrated within the Andaman Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-UN/ISDR_2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN/ISDR_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An oral language, Moken is a Malayo-Polynesian language formed after the migration of the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesians</a> from Taiwan 5,000–6,000 years ago, resulting in the development of this Austronesian language.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the population consists of 4,000 Moken, only an estimated 1,500 native speakers remain as of 2009, causing the language to be threatened with extinction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endangerment">Endangerment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Endangerment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Out of the ethnic population, the main speakers of Moken are the elder generations as its lack of literacy becomes difficult in the transference of the language,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however its lack of literacy has also helped conserve the language. Their title of "sea people" alludes to their grand knowledge of the sea, as that was their way of migration, and the traditional lifestyle of remaining within villages has built generations of marine and forest knowledge as well as boating skills. The advantages of their lifestyle were capitalised when the Surin Islands, where a great many Moken reside, experienced a great tsunami in December 2004 as their ancestors have integrated legends of the "seven rollers" and the "laboon" (giant wave).<sup id="cite_ref-UN/ISDR_2008_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN/ISDR_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language of Moken is spoken in Burma and Thailand, and its derived languages are spoken around the Andaman Sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialects/Varieties"><span id="Dialects.2FVarieties"></span>Dialects/Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dialects/Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1-s2.0-S2452315116301229-gr1_lrg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1-s2.0-S2452315116301229-gr1_lrg.jpg/220px-1-s2.0-S2452315116301229-gr1_lrg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1-s2.0-S2452315116301229-gr1_lrg.jpg/330px-1-s2.0-S2452315116301229-gr1_lrg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/1-s2.0-S2452315116301229-gr1_lrg.jpg/440px-1-s2.0-S2452315116301229-gr1_lrg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Dung (635 speakers<sup id="cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naw_Say_Bay_2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), spoken in Myanmar</li> <li>Jait (331 speakers<sup id="cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_2015_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naw_Say_Bay_2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), spoken in Myanmar</li> <li>Lebi, L'be (980 speakers<sup id="cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_2015_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naw_Say_Bay_2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), spoken in Myanmar</li> <li>Niawi, spoken in Myanmar</li> <li>Jadiak, spoken in Thailand</li></ul> <p>Dung, Jait, Lebi, and Niawi are spoken in Myanmar, and Jadiak in Thailand. The Burmese varieties have not been adequately investigated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption>Consonants of Moken<sup id="cite_ref-Pittayaporn_2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pittayaporn_2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">  </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">Plosive</a> </th> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Plain_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plain consonant">plain</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">aspirated</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">tʰ</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">cʰ</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><small><a href="/wiki/Voiced_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced consonant">voiced</a></small> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rhotic_consonant" title="Rhotic consonant">Rhotic</a> </th> <td></td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span>)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The phonemic status of /r/ is described as 'highly questionable' and it is likely an allophone of /d/. In the <a href="/wiki/Surin_Islands" title="Surin Islands">Surin Island</a> dialect, [ɾ] and [r] are described as intervocalic allophones of /d/. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption>Vowels of Moken<sup id="cite_ref-Pittayaporn_2005_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pittayaporn_2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>  </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛː</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthong</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">iə</span></td> <td></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">uə</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>/i/ has the allophone [ɪ] in closed syllables and /ɛ/ has the allophone [æ] in open syllables. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonotactics">Phonotactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phonotactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moken has a maximum CVC syllable structure. <a href="/wiki/Consonant_cluster" title="Consonant cluster">Consonant clusters</a> are usually forbidden, which can be seen by the adaptation of loanwords (E.g. <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> <i>nangsui</i> → Moken <i>lasiː</i> ('book')) All consonants can occur syllable-initially, but in coda position only /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /p/, /t/, /k/, /ʔ/, /h/, /w/ and /j/ can occur. </p><p>Moken mostly consists of disyllabic words.,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however two-syllable words are frequently reduced to monosyllabic form through the optional deletion of unaccented initial syllables in actual connected speech.<sup id="cite_ref-Larish,_1999_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larish,_1999-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intonation_and_stress">Intonation and stress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Intonation and stress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Moken language follows similar to English phonology regarding intonation in sentences. Rising contour intonations occur when saying sentences that end as questions or as exclamations. Falling contour intonations are used within regular sentences. </p><p>When it comes to two words in Moken that are pronounced in sequences; the first word will maintain a level intonation and the second word ends with a rising intonation. </p><p>In terms of syllables, monosyllabic words with have a levelled amount of stress throughout pronunciation; while words composed of a prefixed syllable and a major syllable will have stress placed on the major syllable. In other words, the last syllable will always be stressed and its absence gives clue to word breaks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verbal_derivation">Verbal derivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Verbal derivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moken verbs are derived from nouns, which usually start with a non-nasal consonant, by changing the initial consonant to a nasal. For example: </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>c</b>əkuːt</i></span> ('rudder') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>ɲ</b>əkuːt</i></span> ('to steer') </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>cʰ</b>ɔbaŋ</i></span> ('earring') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>ŋ</b>ɔbaŋ</i></span> ('to put on earring') </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>cʰ</b>uju:k</i></span> ('pointing finger') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>l</b>uju:k</i></span> ('to point') </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>ʔ</b>ɔbat</i></span> ('medicine') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>ŋ</b>ɔbat</i></span> ('to medicate') </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>c</b>əcik</i></span> ('scale (fish)') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>m</b>əcik</i></span> ('to scale a fish') </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>s</b>olaːy</i></span> ('comb') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>ɲ</b>olaːy</i></span> ('to comb') </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>k</b>apiːt</i></span> ('claw (crab)') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>ŋ</b>apiːt</i></span> ('to clip, to pinch') </p><p><span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>p</b>əjaːn</i></span> ('fishing net') → <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt"><b>m</b>əjaːn</i></span> ('to throw a net') </p><p>Although nasals are indicative of verbs, many Moken verbs do not possess an initial nasal, e.g. <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt">kehaʔ</i></span> ('to feel distressed, to be busy'), <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt">kəboːk</i></span> ('to be lazy') and <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt">toloŋ</i></span> ('to help'). </p><p>The adaptation of loanwords into Moken show a verbal prefix <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt">ma-/mə-</i></span>, e.g. Thai <i>thām</i> → Moken <i><b>mə</b>thaːm</i> ('to ask for') and Thai <i>ān</i> → Moken <i><b>m</b>aːn</i> ('to read'). This prefix is likely a cognate with the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> prefix <span title="Burmese-language text"><i lang="my">məN-</i></span> (<i>meng-</i>) and thus the reconstructed <a href="/wiki/Proto-Malayo-Polynesian_language" title="Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language">Proto-Malayo-Polynesian</a> prefix <i>*maN-</i>, which are also used as a verbal prefix. This derivation method seems to no longer be productive, as more recent Thai loanwords do not carry the prefix.<sup id="cite_ref-Larish,_1999_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larish,_1999-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nominal_derivation">Nominal derivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nominal derivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similarly to the verbal prefix, a nominal prefix <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt">kʰa-</i></span> is found in Moken, e.g. Thai <i>muək</i> → Moken <span title="Kita Maninkakan-language text"><i lang="mwk"><b>kʰa</b>muək</i></span> ('hat'). This morpheme also appears to have lost its productivity. </p><p>A male name marker <span title="Kita Maninkakan-language text"><i lang="mwk">ʔa-</i></span> and a female name marker <span title="Kita Maninkakan-language text"><i lang="mwk">ʔi-</i></span> are obligatory before Moken and Moklen names, unless a kinship term is used. </p><p>A phonologically reduced form of the numeral 'one' <span title="Moken-language text"><i lang="mwt">ʔa-</i></span> is used as prefix, functioning as an <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite article">indefinite article</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Larish,_1999_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larish,_1999-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naw_Say_Bay_1995_p193-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_1995_p193_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_1995_p193_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaw_Say_Bay1995">Naw Say Bay (1995)</a>, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN/ISDR_2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN/ISDR_2008_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN/ISDR_2008_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUN/ISDR2008">UN/ISDR (2008)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDancauseChanArunotaiLum2009">Dancause et al. (2009)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKraisame2018">Kraisame (2018)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naw_Say_Bay_2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_2015_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_2015_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naw_Say_Bay_2015_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNaw_Say_Bay2015" class="citation conference cs1">Naw Say Bay (2015). <i>The Process of Preserving Moken from Extinction</i>. Paper presented at SoLE-4, Payap University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Process+of+Preserving+Moken+from+Extinction&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Naw+Say+Bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pittayaporn_2005-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pittayaporn_2005_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pittayaporn_2005_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPittayaporn2005">Pittayaporn (2005)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNawSay_Bay1995">Naw et al. (1995)</a><span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> harvp error: no target: CITEREFNawSay_Bay1995 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChantanakomes1980">Chantanakomes (1980)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Larish,_1999-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Larish,_1999_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larish,_1999_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Larish,_1999_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarish1999" class="citation book cs1">Larish, Michael David (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/304503055"><i>The position of Moken and Moklen within the Austronesian language family</i></a>. p. 238. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/304503055">304503055</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+position+of+Moken+and+Moklen+within+the+Austronesian+language+family&rft.pages=238&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Larish&rft.aufirst=Michael+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F304503055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradley2007" class="citation book cs1">Bradley, David (2007). "East and Southeast Asia". In Moseley, Christopher (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages</i>. London: Routledge. pp. 349–424.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=East+and+Southeast+Asia&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Endangered+Languages&rft.place=London&rft.pages=349-424&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChantanakomes1980" class="citation thesis cs1">Chantanakomes, V. (1980). <i>A Description of Moken: A Malayo-Polynesian Language</i> (Master's thesis). Mahidol University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+Description+of+Moken%3A+A+Malayo-Polynesian+Language&rft.degree=Master%27s&rft.inst=Mahidol+University&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Chantanakomes&rft.aufirst=V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDancauseChanArunotaiLum2009" class="citation journal cs1">Dancause, Kelsey Needham; Chan, Chim W; Arunotai, Narumon Hinshiranan; Lum, J Koji (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fjhg.2008.12">"Origins of the Moken Sea Gypsies Inferred from Mitochondrial Hypervariable Region and Whole Genome Sequences"</a>. <i>Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>54</b> (2): 86–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fjhg.2008.12">10.1038/jhg.2008.12</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+Moken+Sea+Gypsies+Inferred+from+Mitochondrial+Hypervariable+Region+and+Whole+Genome+Sequences&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=86-93&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fjhg.2008.12&rft.aulast=Dancause&rft.aufirst=Kelsey+Needham&rft.au=Chan%2C+Chim+W&rft.au=Arunotai%2C+Narumon+Hinshiranan&rft.au=Lum%2C+J+Koji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fjhg.2008.12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraisame2018" class="citation journal cs1">Kraisame, Sarawut (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2017.05.002">"Language Endangerment and Community Empowerment: Experience Form Community Training in the Moken Language Documentation and Preservation Project"</a>. <i>Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences</i>. <b>39</b> (2): 244–253. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2017.05.002">10.1016/j.kjss.2017.05.002</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kasetsart+Journal+of+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Language+Endangerment+and+Community+Empowerment%3A+Experience+Form+Community+Training+in+the+Moken+Language+Documentation+and+Preservation+Project&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=244-253&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.kjss.2017.05.002&rft.aulast=Kraisame&rft.aufirst=Sarawut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.kjss.2017.05.002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarish2005" class="citation book cs1">Larish, Michael (2005). "Moken and Moklen". In Adelaar, Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. (eds.). <i>The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar</i>. London: Routledge. pp. 513–533. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1286-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1286-0"><bdi>0-7007-1286-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moken+and+Moklen&rft.btitle=The+Austronesian+Languages+of+Asia+and+Madagascar&rft.place=London&rft.pages=513-533&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7007-1286-0&rft.aulast=Larish&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaw_Say_Bay1995" class="citation book cs1">Naw Say Bay (1995). "The Phonology of the Dung Dialect of Moken". In Bradley, D. (ed.). <i>Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics No. 13: Studies in Burmese Languages</i>. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 193–205. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15144%2FPL-A83.193">10.15144/PL-A83.193</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85883-427-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85883-427-8"><bdi>0-85883-427-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Phonology+of+the+Dung+Dialect+of+Moken&rft.btitle=Papers+in+Southeast+Asian+Linguistics+No.+13%3A+Studies+in+Burmese+Languages&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=193-205&rft.pub=Pacific+Linguistics&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15144%2FPL-A83.193&rft.isbn=0-85883-427-8&rft.au=Naw+Say+Bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPittayaporn2005" class="citation book cs1">Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2005). "Moken as a Mainland Southeast Asian language". In Grant, A.; Sidwell, P. (eds.). <i>Chamic and Beyond: Studies in Mainland Austronesian Languages</i>. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 189–209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15144%2FPL-569.189">10.15144/PL-569.189</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85883-561-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85883-561-4"><bdi>0-85883-561-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Moken+as+a+Mainland+Southeast+Asian+language&rft.btitle=Chamic+and+Beyond%3A+Studies+in+Mainland+Austronesian+Languages&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=189-209&rft.pub=Pacific+Linguistics&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15144%2FPL-569.189&rft.isbn=0-85883-561-4&rft.aulast=Pittayaporn&rft.aufirst=Pittayawat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUN/ISDR2008" class="citation book cs1">UN/ISDR (2008). <i>Indigenous Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction: Good Practices and Lessons Learnt from the Asia-Pacific Region</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indigenous+Knowledge+for+Disaster+Risk+Reduction%3A+Good+Practices+and+Lessons+Learnt+from+the+Asia-Pacific+Region&rft.date=2008&rft.au=UN%2FISDR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoken+language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Myanmar" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Template:Languages of Myanmar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Template talk:Languages of Myanmar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Myanmar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Myanmar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Languages of Myanmar">Languages of Myanmar</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_English" title="Myanmar English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semiofficial language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_English" title="Myanmar English">English</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous languages<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Myanmar" title="Administrative divisions of Myanmar">state or region</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chin_State" title="Chin State">Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Northern Kuki-Chin languages">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falam_language" title="Falam language">Falam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siyin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Siyin language">Siyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_language" title="Tedim language">Tedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Central Kuki-Chin languages">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakha_Chin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakha Chin language">Hakha Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawn_language" title="Ngawn language">Ngawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawr_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawr language">Tawr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maraic_languages" title="Maraic languages">Maraic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lautu_language" title="Lautu language">Lautu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_language" title="Mara language">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senthang_language" title="Senthang language">Senthang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zotung_language" title="Zotung language">Zotung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zyphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Southern Kuki-Chin languages">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daai_language" title="Daai language">Daai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaang_language" title="Kaang language">Kaang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumi_language" title="Khumi language">Khumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%CA%BCch%C3%B2_language" title="Kʼchò language">Kʼchò</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga_La_language" title="Nga La language">Nga La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%B6_language" title="Shö language">Shö</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songlai_language" title="Songlai language">Songlai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumtu_language" title="Sumtu language">Sumtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaiphum_language" title="Thaiphum language">Thaiphum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welaung_language" title="Welaung language">Welaung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Anu-Hkongso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kachin_State" title="Kachin State">Kachin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achang_language" title="Achang language">Achang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derung_language" title="Derung language">Drung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hpon_language" title="Hpon language">Hpon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_language" title="Jingpo language">Jingpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashi_language" title="Lashi language">Lashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhao_Vo_language" title="Lhao Vo language">Lhao Vo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusu_language" title="Nusu language">Nusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawang_language" title="Rawang language">Rawang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaiwa_language" title="Zaiwa language">Zaiwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_language" title="Khamti language">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_language_(Tai)" title="Nùng language (Tai)">Nùng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Laing_language" title="Tai Laing language">Tai Laing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayah_State" title="Kayah State">Kayah</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kayaw_language" title="Kayaw language">Kayaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karenni_language" title="Karenni language">Karenni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kayin_State" title="Kayin State">Kayin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bwe_Karen_language" title="Bwe Karen language">Bwe Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_Karen_language" title="Geba Karen language">Geba Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pwo_Karen_languages" title="Pwo Karen languages">Pwo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pwo_language" title="Eastern Pwo language">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pwo_language" title="Western Pwo language">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">S’gaw Karen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magway_Region" title="Magway Region">Magway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rungtu" class="mw-redirect" title="Rungtu">Rungtu</a> (Taungtha)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mon_State" title="Mon State">Mon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mon_language" title="Mon language">Mon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_language" title="Rakhine language">Rakhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_language" title="Chakma language">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laitu_language" title="Laitu language">Laitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mro-Khimi_language" title="Mro-Khimi language">Mro-Khimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak_language" title="Sak language">Sak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sagaing_Region" title="Sagaing Region">Sagaing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leinong_language" title="Leinong language">Leinong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makyam_language" title="Makyam language">Makyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponyo_language" title="Ponyo language">Ponyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sak_language" title="Sak language">Sak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akyaung_Ari_language" title="Akyaung Ari language">Akyaung Ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal language">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_language" title="Koki language">Koki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_language" title="Makury language">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Phuri_language" title="Long Phuri language">Long Phuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para_language" title="Para language">Para</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shan_State" title="Shan State">Shan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blang_language" title="Blang language">Blang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danau_language" title="Danau language">Danau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riang_language" title="Riang language">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Loi_language" title="Tai Loi language">Tai Loi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wa_language" title="Wa language">Wa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akeu_language" title="Akeu language">Akeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Danu language">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geko_Karen" class="mw-redirect" title="Geko Karen">Geko Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intha_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Intha dialect">Intha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahta_language" title="Lahta language">Lahta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahu_language" title="Lahu language">Lahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27O_language" title="Pa'O language">Pa’o</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padaung_language" title="Padaung language">Padaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyen_language" title="Pyen language">Pyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavoyan_dialects" title="Tavoyan dialects">Taungyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn_language" title="Khün language">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_language" title="Tai Lue language">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nuea_language" title="Tai Nuea language">Tai Nuea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong–Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong Njua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tanintharyi_Region" title="Tanintharyi Region">Tanintharyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">S’gaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavoyan_dialects" title="Tavoyan dialects">Tavoyan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Immigrant language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_sign_language" title="Burmese sign language">Burmese sign language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Languages_of_Thailand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Template:Languages of Thailand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Template talk:Languages of Thailand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Thailand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Languages_of_Thailand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand" title="Languages of Thailand">Languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Tai_languages" title="Southwestern Tai languages">Other Thais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lao–Phutai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isan_language" title="Isan language">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phu_Thai_language" title="Phu Thai language">Phu Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chiang Saen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Thai_language" title="Northern Thai language">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_L%C3%BC_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Lü language">Tai Lü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phuan_language" title="Phuan language">Phuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Song_language" title="Thai Song language">Thai Song</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sukhothai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Thai_language" title="Southern Thai language">Southern Thai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northwestern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C3%BCn_language" title="Khün language">Khün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_language" title="Shan language">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_N%C3%BCa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Nüa language">Tai Nüa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Thailand" title="Ethnic groups in Thailand">Minority</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">by languages groups</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bru_language" title="Bru language">Bru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chong_language" title="Chong language">Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27och_language" title="Sa'och language">Chung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahai_language" title="Jahai language">Jahai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensiu_language" title="Kensiu language">Kensiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Khmer_dialect" title="Northern Khmer dialect">Northern</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Khmer_dialect" title="Western Khmer dialect">Western</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kintaq_language" title="Kintaq language">Kintaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuy_language" title="Kuy language">Kuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mlabri_language" title="Mlabri language">Mlabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_language" title="Mon language">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyah_Kur_language" title="Nyah Kur language">Nyah Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaung_language" title="Palaung language">Palaung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten%27edn" title="Ten'edn">Ten'edn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thavung_language" title="Thavung language">Thavung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan languages">Malay</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Malay" title="Bangkok Malay">Bangkok Malay</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Pattani_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Pattani Malay">Pattani Malay</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Satun_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Satun Malay">Satun Malay</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi’ language">Urak Lawoi’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong-Mien_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Hmong-Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_language" title="Iu Mien language">Iu Mien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akha_language" title="Akha language">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pwo_language" title="Eastern Pwo language">Eastern Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_language" title="Lisu language">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese languages">Sinitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teochew_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Teochew dialect">Teochew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainanese" title="Hainanese">Hainanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Hokchew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuosu_language" title="Nuosu language">Nuosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mpi_language" title="Mpi language">Mpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pwo_language" title="Northern Pwo language">Northern Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrae_Pwo_language" title="Phrae Pwo language">Phrae Pwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Karen_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Karen language">Red Karen (Eastern Kayah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27gaw_Karen_language" title="S'gaw Karen language">S'gaw Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugong language">Ugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-Indigenous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_language" title="Foreign language">Immigrant language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Mandarin" title="Southwestern Mandarin">Southwestern Mandarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Working_language" title="Working language">Working language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Sign_Language" title="Thai Sign Language">Thai Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Khor_Sign_Language" title="Ban Khor Sign Language">Ban Khor Sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Template talk:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Polynesian_languages#Nuclear_Malayo-Polynesian" title="Malayo-Polynesian languages">Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malayo-Sumbawan_languages" title="Malayo-Sumbawan languages">Malayo-Sumbawan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Sundanese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sundanese_language" title="Sundanese language">Sundanese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bantenese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantenese language">Bantenese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baduy_language" title="Baduy language">Baduy</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Madurese</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangean_language" title="Kangean language">Kangean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurese_language" title="Madurese language">Madurese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Malayo-Chamic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chamic_languages" title="Chamic languages">Chamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acehnese_language" title="Acehnese language">Acehnese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_language" title="Cham language">Cham dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chru_language" title="Chru language">Chru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroi_language" title="Haroi language">Haroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarai_language" title="Jarai language">Jarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rade_language" title="Rade language">Rade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roglai_language" title="Roglai language">Roglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsat_language" title="Tsat language">Tsat</a> (Utsat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamayo_language" title="Bamayo language">Bamayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjar_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjar language">Banjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei_Malay" title="Brunei Malay">Brunei/Kedayan Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berau_Malay_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berau Malay language">Berau Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_Malay" title="Bangka Malay">Bangka Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengkulu_language" title="Bengkulu language">Bengkulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col_language" title="Col language">Col</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duano%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Duano' language">Duano'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_language" title="Haji language">Haji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambi_Malay" title="Jambi Malay">Jambi Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakun_language" title="Jakun language">Jakun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Malay" title="Kedah Malay">Kedah Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutai Malay">Kutai Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaur_language" title="Kaur language">Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_language" title="Kerinci language">Kerinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan-Pattani_Malay" title="Kelantan-Pattani Malay">Kelantan-Pattani Malay</a> (Yawi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendayan_language" title="Kendayan language">Kendayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keninjal_language" title="Keninjal language">Keninjal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubu_language" title="Kubu language">Kubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loncong_language" title="Loncong language">Orang Laut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubu_language" title="Lubu language">Lubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian language">Malaysian</a> & <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musi_language" title="Musi language">Musi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mualang_language" title="Mualang language">Mualang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Kanaq_language" title="Orang Kanaq language">Orang Kanaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Seletar_language" title="Orang Seletar language">Orang Seletar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Malay" title="Pahang Malay">Pahang Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekal_language" title="Pekal language">Pekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak_Malay" title="Perak Malay">Perak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remun_language" title="Remun language">Remun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malay" title="Sarawak Malay">Sarawak Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberuang_language" title="Seberuang language">Seberuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temuan_language" title="Temuan language">Temuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Malay" title="Terengganu Malay">Terengganu Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urak_Lawoi%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urak Lawoi' language">Urak Lawoi'</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bali%E2%80%93Sasak_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali–Sasak languages">Bali–Sasak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_language" title="Balinese language">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasak_language" title="Sasak language">Sasak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbawa_language" title="Sumbawa language">Sumbawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Sumatra%E2%80%93Barrier_Islands_languages" title="Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages">Northwest Sumatra–<br />Barrier Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enggano_language" title="Enggano language">Enggano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayo_language" title="Gayo language">Gayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentawai_language" title="Mentawai language">Mentawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nias_language" title="Nias language">Nias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikule_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikule language">Sikule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeulue_language" title="Simeulue language">Simeulue</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Batak" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Batak_languages" title="Batak languages">Batak</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alas_language" title="Alas language">Alas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Angkola_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Angkola language">Batak Angkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Dairi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Batak Dairi language">Batak Dairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Karo_language" title="Batak Karo language">Batak Karo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batak_Simalungun_language" title="Batak Simalungun language">Batak Simalungun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toba_Batak_language" title="Toba Batak language">Batak Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandailing_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandailing language">Mandailing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lampung_language" title="Lampung language">Lampungic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lampung Api</li> <li>Lampung Nyo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komering_language" title="Komering language">Komering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celebic_languages" title="Celebic languages">Celebic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andio_language" title="Andio language">Andio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Badaic language">Badaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahonsuai_language" title="Bahonsuai language">Bahonsuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaesang_language" title="Balaesang language">Balaesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balantak_language" title="Balantak language">Balantak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banggai_language" title="Banggai language">Banggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batui_language" title="Batui language">Batui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boano_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Boano language (Sulawesi)">Boano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobongko_language" title="Bobongko language">Bobongko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonerate_language" title="Bonerate language">Bonerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungku_language" title="Bungku language">Bungku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busoa_language" title="Busoa language">Busoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cia-Cia_language" title="Cia-Cia language">Cia-Cia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampelas_language" title="Dampelas language">Dampelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dondo_language_(Austronesian)" title="Dondo language (Austronesian)">Dondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalao_language" title="Kalao language">Kalao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_language" title="Kaili language">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaimbulawa_language" title="Kaimbulawa language">Kaimbulawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaru_language" title="Kamaru language">Kamaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodeoha_language" title="Kodeoha language">Kodeoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulisusu_language" title="Kulisusu language">Kulisusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbewaha_language" title="Kumbewaha language">Kumbewaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasalimu_language" title="Lasalimu language">Lasalimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyolo_language" title="Laiyolo language">Laiyolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauje_language" title="Lauje language">Lauje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liabuku_language" title="Liabuku language">Liabuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbelala_language" title="Mbelala language">Mbelala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moronene_language" title="Moronene language">Moronene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Bawah_language" title="Mori Bawah language">Mori Bawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mori_Atas_language" title="Mori Atas language">Mori Atas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moma_language" title="Moma language">Moma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_language" title="Muna language">Muna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padoe_language" title="Padoe language">Padoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancana_language" title="Pancana language">Pancana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendau_language" title="Pendau language">Pendau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahambuu_language" title="Rahambuu language">Rahambuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampi_language" title="Rampi language">Rampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saluan_language" title="Saluan language">Saluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarudu_language" title="Sarudu language">Sarudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedoa_language" title="Sedoa language">Sedoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamona_language" title="Pamona language">Pamona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taje_language" title="Taje language">Taje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajio_language" title="Tajio language">Tajio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukang_Besi_language" title="Tukang Besi language">Tukang Besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolaki_language" title="Tolaki language">Tolaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomadino_language" title="Tomadino language">Tomadino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topoiyo_language" title="Topoiyo language">Topoiyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomini_language" title="Tomini language">Tomini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totoli_language" title="Totoli language">Totoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_language" title="Uma language">Uma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waru_language" title="Waru language">Waru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawonii_language" title="Wawonii language">Wawonii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolio_language" title="Wolio language">Wolio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wotu_language" title="Wotu language">Wotu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi_languages" title="South Sulawesi languages">South Sulawesi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralle-Tabulahan_language" title="Aralle-Tabulahan language">Aralle-Tabulahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambam_language" title="Bambam language">Bambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentong_language" title="Bentong language">Bentong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budong-Budong_language" title="Budong-Budong language">Budong-Budong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buginese_language" title="Buginese language">Buginese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campalagian_language" title="Campalagian language">Campalagian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Konjo_language" title="Coastal Konjo language">Coastal Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakka_language" title="Dakka language">Dakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duri_language" title="Duri language">Duri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embaloh_language" title="Embaloh language">Embaloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrekang_language" title="Enrekang language">Enrekang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Konjo_language" title="Highland Konjo language">Highland Konjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalumpang_language" title="Kalumpang language">Kalumpang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemolang_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemolang language">Lemolang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiwa_language_(Sulawesi)" title="Maiwa language (Sulawesi)">Maiwa (Sulawesi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makassarese_language" title="Makassarese language">Makassarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malimpung_language" title="Malimpung language">Malimpung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamasa_language" title="Mamasa language">Mamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuju_language" title="Mamuju language">Mamuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandar_language" title="Mandar language">Mandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasuan_language" title="Panasuan language">Panasuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannei_language" title="Pannei language">Pannei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selayar_language" title="Selayar language">Selayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Padang_language" title="Seko Padang language">Seko Padang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seko_Tengah_language" title="Seko Tengah language">Seko Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tae%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tae’ language">Tae’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talondo%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talondo’ language">Talondo’</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Indonesia)" title="Taman language (Indonesia)">Taman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toraja-Sa%E2%80%99dan_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Toraja-Sa’dan language">Toraja-Sa’dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulumanda%E2%80%99_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulumanda’ language">Ulumanda’</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moklenic_languages" title="Moklenic languages">Moklenic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moklen_language" title="Moklen language">Moklen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arekan_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arekan dialect (page does not exist)">Arekan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyumasan_dialect" title="Banyumasan dialect">Banyumasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataraman_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataraman dialect (page does not exist)">Mataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawi language">Kawi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Javanese" title="Old Javanese">Old Javanese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kedu_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kedu dialect (page does not exist)">Kedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osing_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Osing dialect">Osing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenggerese_dialect" title="Tenggerese dialect">Tenggerese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central%E2%80%93Eastern_Malayo-Polynesian_languages" title="Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages">Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian</a><br />(over 700 languages)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Eastern Malayo-Polynesian groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Halmahera%E2%80%93West_New_Guinea_languages" title="South Halmahera–West New Guinea languages">South Halmahera–West New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Oceanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Central Malayo-Polynesian <a href="/wiki/Linkage_(linguistics)" title="Linkage (linguistics)">linkages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aru_languages" title="Aru languages">Aru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Maluku_languages" title="Central Maluku languages">Central Maluku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei%E2%80%93Tanimbar_languages" title="Kei–Tanimbar languages">Kei-Tanimbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kowiai_language" title="Kowiai language">Kowiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selaru_languages" title="Selaru languages">Selaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumba%E2%80%93Flores_languages" title="Sumba–Flores languages">Sumba–Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teor-Kur_language" title="Teor-Kur language">Teor–Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoric_languages" title="Timoric languages">Timoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Damar_language" title="West Damar language">West Damar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukumina_language" title="Hukumina language">Hukumina</a> †</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_language" title="Palauan language">Palauan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&oldid=1256651239">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&oldid=1256651239</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moklenic_languages" title="Category:Moklenic languages">Moklenic languages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Myanmar" title="Category:Languages of Myanmar">Languages of Myanmar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Thailand" title="Category:Languages of Thailand">Languages of Thailand</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unnamed_Glottolog_code" title="Category:Articles with unnamed Glottolog code">Articles with unnamed Glottolog code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO_language_articles_citing_sources_other_than_Ethnologue" title="Category:ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue">ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Moken-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Moken-language text">Articles containing Moken-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Burmese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Burmese-language text">Articles containing Burmese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kita_Maninkakan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kita Maninkakan-language text">Articles containing Kita Maninkakan-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 23:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moken_language&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-786j2","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.661","walltime":"0.851","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4597,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":196786,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2942,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":59600,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 710.824 1 -total"," 20.51% 145.759 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.80% 140.743 17 Template:Navbox"," 18.08% 128.515 26 Template:Lang"," 14.77% 104.973 1 Template:Infobox_language"," 12.72% 90.411 1 Template:Languages_of_Burma"," 12.26% 87.122 1 Template:Cite_conference"," 11.85% 84.198 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.90% 77.511 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.90% 41.947 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.393","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18280877,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBradley2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChantanakomes1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDancauseChanArunotaiLum2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraisame2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarish1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarish2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaw_Say_Bay1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNaw_Say_Bay2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPittayaporn2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUN/ISDR2008\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Cite book\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 7,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPA link\"] = 38,\n [\"Infobox language\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 26,\n [\"Languages of Burma\"] = 1,\n [\"Languages of Thailand\"] = 1,\n [\"Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian languages\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-687bc74f68-p226q","timestamp":"20241122150103","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Moken language","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moken_language","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3217488","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3217488","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-09-02T00:28:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T23:15:55Z","headline":"Austronesian language spoken in southern Thailand and in western Burma"}</script> </body> </html>