CINXE.COM

Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma | The BMJ

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd"> <!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-mqs lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7" lang="en" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" > <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-mqs lt-ie9 lt-ie8" lang="en" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" > <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-mqs lt-ie9" lang="en" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" > <![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr" > <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]> <html class="no-mqs" lang="en" xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" > <![endif]--> <!-- <html lang="" dir=""> --> <head profile="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml/vocab"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel=”apple-touch-icon-precomposed” href=”/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/img/icon.png”/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <!--[if IE]><![endif]--> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//static.polldaddy.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//ajax.googleapis.com" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//crossmark-cdn.crossref.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//scholar.google.com" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link href="//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.0.3/css/font-awesome.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" /> <!--[if (gte IE 6)&(lte IE 9)]><script src="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/js/respond.min.js" /> </script><![endif]--><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"page":{"hwTitle":"Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma","hwUrl":"https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353","hwPath":"/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/peer-review","hwType":"journal page"},"user":{"hwMemberID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitution":"","hwAccessUsageTerms":"guest","hwRegisteredUser":"no","hwHasFullTextAccess":"no","hwEntitled":"no","mail":"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855"},"content":{"hwIssueDate":"2024-09-20","hwIssueDateTime":"2024-09-20 09:21:37","hwPublicationDate":"2024-09-20","hwPublicationDateTime":"2024-09-20 09:21:37","hwNlmArticleType":"other","hwDOI":"10.1136/bmj-2024-080353","hwAuthors":"Aarti Bansal,Lauren Franklin,Helen Twohig","hwContributors":"","hwIsEarlyRelease":"no","hwEissn":"1756-1833","hwPissn":"","hwVolume":"386","hwIssue":"","hwArticleType":"Practice","hwTabView":"peer-review","hwViewType":"","hwAccessType":"Paywall","hwOpenAccess":"no","hwFreeAccess":"no","hwTaxonomy":"10-Minute Consultation","hwCorpusCode":"bmj","hwType":"article","hwSubtitle":null,"hwOverline":null,"hwPisaId":"bmj;386/sep20_3/e080353","hwFirstPage":null,"hwLastPage":null,"hwIsLatestVersion":"yes","hwIsCurrentIssue":"no","hwIsOpenIssue":"no","hwHasFullText":"yes","hwHasPDF":"yes","hwParentTitle":"BMJ: 386","hwElectronicPubDate":"2024-09-20","hwElectronicPubDateTime":"2024-09-20 09:21:37"}}); //--><!]]></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Full Text (PDF)" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353.full.pdf" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Full Text (Plain)" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353.full.txt" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" title="Powerpoint" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353.ppt" /> <meta name="type" content="article" /> <meta name="category" content="other" /> <meta name="HW.identifier" content="/bmj/386/bmj-2024-080353.atom" /> <meta name="HW.pisa" content="bmj;386/sep20_3/e080353" /> <meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" /> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en" /> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.1136/bmj-2024-080353" /> <meta name="DC.Date" content="2024-09-20" /> <meta name="DC.Publisher" content="British Medical Journal Publishing Group" /> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions" /> <meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" /> <meta name="DC.Relation" content="10.1136/bmj-2022-072328" /> <meta name="DC.Description" content="### What you need to know A 30 year old woman attends her general practice for her annual asthma review. She says her asthma is well controlled, but she has been issued two inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) preventer inhalers and six short acting beta agonist (SABA) reliever inhalers in the past year. On further questioning, she says that she limits her exercise because this brings on her asthma symptoms, and she experiences occasional night-time waking with cough. She describes irregular use of her ICS preventer inhaler, especially during the summer months, and almost daily use of her SABA reliever inhaler. On demonstrating her inhaler technique, she uses a quick and deep inhalation with her pressurised metered dose inhaler and does not use her spacer device. Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and carries a substantial morbidity and mortality burden worldwide.1 A cross-sectional study from 17 countries carried out by the Global Asthma Network in 2022 found that about 7% of adults were affected by asthma symptoms that were not well controlled, resulting in a high burden of preventable symptoms, restrictions on activity, and an increased risk of asthma attacks.2 Sub-optimally …" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Aarti Bansal" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Lauren Franklin" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Helen Twohig" /> <meta name="article:published_time" content="2024-09-20" /> <meta name="article:section" content="Practice" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="BMJ" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="British Medical Journal Publishing Group" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/09/20" /> <meta name="citation_mjid" content="bmj;386/sep20_3/e080353" /> <meta name="citation_id" content="386/sep20_3/e080353" /> <meta name="citation_public_url" content="https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353.abstract" /> <meta name="citation_full_html_url" content="https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353.full" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/386/bmj-2024-080353.full.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1756-1833" /> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="BMJ" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1136/bmj-2024-080353" /> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="39304315" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="386" /> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Other" /> <meta name="citation_section" content="Practice" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Aarti Bansal" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Humber and North Yorkshire Integrated Care Board, Willerby HU10 6DT, UK" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Lauren Franklin" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Helen Twohig" /> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Global Asthma Network. Global Asthma Report 2022. http://www.globalasthmareport.org." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Eur Respir J;citation_author=K. Mortimer;citation_author=M. Lesosky;citation_author=L. García-Marcos;citation_title=The burden of asthma, hay fever and eczema in adults in 17 countries: GAN Phase I study;citation_volume=60;citation_year=2022;citation_pmid=35210319;citation_doi=10.1183/13993003.02865-2021" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=BJGP Open;citation_author=D. Attar-Zadeh;citation_author=T. Capstick;citation_author=D. Leese;citation_title=Healthcare costs associated with short-acting β2-agonists in asthma: observational UK SABINA study;citation_volume=7;citation_year=2023;citation_pmid=36759020;citation_doi=10.3399/BJGPO.2023.0015" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Why asthma still kills: the National Review of Asthma Deaths (NRAD) Confidential Enquiry report.;citation_year=2014" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2024. www.ginasthma.org." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Adv Ther;citation_author=CI. Bloom;citation_author=C. Cabrera;citation_author=S. Arnetorp;citation_title=Asthma-related health outcomes associated with short-acting β2-agonist inhaler use: an observational UK study as part of the SABINA Global Program;citation_pages=4190-208;citation_volume=37;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=http://www.n;citation_doi=10.1007/s12325-020-01444-5" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Adv Ther;citation_author=C. Janson;citation_author=A. Menzies-Gow;citation_author=C. Nan;citation_title=SABINA: an overview of short-acting β2-agonist use in asthma in European countries;citation_pages=1124-35;citation_volume=37;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=http://www.n;citation_doi=10.1007/s12325-020-01233-0" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_author=. Asthma Control Test" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Chest;citation_journal_abbrev=Chest;citation_author=R. Horne;citation_title=Compliance, Adherence, and Concordance: Implications for Asthma Treatment;citation_pages=65S-72S;citation_volume=130;citation_year=2006;citation_issue=1_suppl;citation_pmid=16840369;citation_doi=10.1378/chest.130.1_suppl.65S" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="British Thoracic Society. SIGN158 British guideline on the management of asthma, a national clinical guideline. British Thoracic Society. 2019. https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/quality-improvement/guidelines/asthma/." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Patient Prefer Adherence;citation_author=S. Amin;citation_author=M. Soliman;citation_author=A. McIvor;citation_author=A. Cave;citation_author=C. Cabrera;citation_title=Understanding patient perspectives on medication adherence in asthma: a targeted review of qualitative studies;citation_pages=541-51;citation_volume=14;citation_year=2020;citation_pmid=http://www.n;citation_doi=10.2147/PPA.S234651" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Eur Respir J;citation_author=M. Engelkes;citation_author=HM. Janssens;citation_author=JC. de Jongste;citation_author=MC. Sturkenboom;citation_author=KM. Verhamme;citation_title=Medication adherence and the risk of severe asthma exacerbations: a systematic review;citation_volume=45;citation_year=2015;citation_pmid=25323234;citation_doi=10.1183/09031936.00075614" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Clin Immunol;citation_author=W. Shang;citation_author=G. Wang;citation_author=Y. Wang;citation_author=D. Han;citation_title=The safety of long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis;citation_pages=108960;citation_volume=236;citation_year=2022;citation_pmid=35218965;citation_doi=10.1016/j.clim.2022.108960" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Thorax;citation_author=N. Kearns;citation_author=M. Williams;citation_author=P. Bruce;citation_title=Single dose of budesonide/formoterol turbuhaler compared to salbutamol pMDI for speed of bronchodilator onset in asthma: a randomised cross-over trial;citation_volume=78;citation_year=2022;citation_pmid=35851045;citation_doi=10.1136/thorax-2022-219052" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=JAMA;citation_author=DM. Sobieraj;citation_author=ER. Weeda;citation_author=E. Nguyen;citation_title=Association of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting β-Agonists as Controller and Quick Relief Therapy With Exacerbations and Symptom Control in Persistent Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis;citation_pages=1485-96;citation_volume=319;citation_year=2018;citation_pmid=http://www.n;citation_doi=10.1001/jama.2018.2769" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=ERJ Open Res;citation_author=L. Hatter;citation_author=P. Bruce;citation_author=I. Braithwaite;citation_title=ICS-formoterol reliever versus ICS and short-acting β2-agonist reliever in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis;citation_pages=00701-02020;citation_volume=7;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=33532465;citation_doi=10.1183/23120541.00701-2020" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Prim Health Care;citation_author=L. Bryant;citation_author=C. Bang;citation_author=C. Chew;citation_author=SH. Baik;citation_author=D. Wiseman;citation_title=Adequacy of inhaler technique used by people with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;citation_pages=191-8;citation_volume=5;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=23998169;citation_doi=10.1071/HC13191" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Annals of allergy, asthma &amp; immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, &amp; Immunology;citation_journal_abbrev=Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol;citation_author=N. Sander;citation_author=SJ. Fusco-Walkert;citation_author=JM. Harder;citation_author=BE. Chipps;citation_title=Dose counting and the use of pressurized metered-dose inhalers: running on empty.;citation_pages=34-38;citation_volume=97;citation_year=2006;citation_issue=1;citation_pmid=16892778;citation_doi=10.1016/S1081-1206(10)61366-X" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=European Respiratory Journal;citation_journal_abbrev=Eur Respir J;citation_author=A. Wilkinson;citation_author=E. Maslova;citation_author=C. Janson;citation_title=Greenhouse gas emissions associated with asthma care in the UK: results from SABINA CARBON;citation_pages=OA76-OA76;citation_volume=58;citation_year=2021;citation_issue=suppl_65;citation_doi=10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.OA76" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=BMJ;citation_author=LE. Smith;citation_author=R. Bhugra;citation_author=RY. Kelani;citation_author=J. Smith;citation_title=Towards net zero: asthma care;citation_volume=381;citation_year=2023;citation_pmid=37336559;citation_doi=10.1136/bmj-2022-072328" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Medical and Chemical Technical Options Committee 2022 Assessment Report.;citation_author=K. Ohnishi;citation_author=H. Tope;citation_author=J. Zhang;citation_year=2022" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Lancet Planet Health;citation_author=I. Tennison;citation_author=S. Roschnik;citation_author=B. Ashby;citation_title=Health care’s response to climate change: a carbon footprint assessment of the NHS in England;citation_pages=84e-92;citation_volume=5;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=33581070;citation_doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30271-0" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol;citation_author=F. Abbas;citation_author=S. Georas;citation_author=X. Cai;citation_author=S. Khurana;citation_title=Asthma biologics: real-world effectiveness, impact of switching biologics, and predictors of response;citation_pages=655-660.e1;citation_volume=127;citation_year=2021;citation_pmid=34481992;citation_doi=10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.416" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="### What you need to know A 30 year old woman attends her general practice for her annual asthma review. She says her asthma is well controlled, but she has been issued two inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) preventer inhalers and six short acting beta agonist (SABA) reliever inhalers in the past year. On further questioning, she says that she limits her exercise because this brings on her asthma symptoms, and she experiences occasional night-time waking with cough. She describes irregular use of her ICS preventer inhaler, especially during the summer months, and almost daily use of her SABA reliever inhaler. On demonstrating her inhaler technique, she uses a quick and deep inhalation with her pressurised metered dose inhaler and does not use her spacer device. Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and carries a substantial morbidity and mortality burden worldwide.1 A cross-sectional study from 17 countries carried out by the Global Asthma Network in 2022 found that about 7% of adults were affected by asthma symptoms that were not well controlled, resulting in a high burden of preventable symptoms, restrictions on activity, and an increased risk of asthma attacks.2 Sub-optimally …" /> <meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma" /> <meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" /> <meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="The BMJ" /> <meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="### What you need to know A 30 year old woman attends her general practice for her annual asthma review. She says her asthma is well controlled, but she has been issued two inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) preventer inhalers and six short acting beta agonist (SABA) reliever inhalers in the past year. On further questioning, she says that she limits her exercise because this brings on her asthma symptoms, and she experiences occasional night-time waking with cough. She describes irregular use of her ICS preventer inhaler, especially during the summer months, and almost daily use of her SABA reliever inhaler. On demonstrating her inhaler technique, she uses a quick and deep inhalation with her pressurised metered dose inhaler and does not use her spacer device. Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases and carries a substantial morbidity and mortality burden worldwide.1 A cross-sectional study from 17 countries carried out by the Global Asthma Network in 2022 found that about 7% of adults were affected by asthma symptoms that were not well controlled, resulting in a high burden of preventable symptoms, restrictions on activity, and an increased risk of asthma attacks.2 Sub-optimally …" /> <meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="og:image" property="og:image" content="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/highwire/bmj/388/8457.cover-source.jpg"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:image" property="twitter:image" content="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/sites/defautl/files/attachments/bmj-article/2024/09/asthma_inhaler_2.jpg"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma" /><meta name="generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.bmj.com/node/1101129" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma" /> <title>Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma | The BMJ</title> <!--[if lte IE 9]> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/ie.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css"> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/ie_2.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css"> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/ie_3.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css"> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/bootstrap-ie7.css" rel="stylesheet” media="all" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IEMobile]> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/screen.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css"> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/screen_2.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css"> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/screen_3.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css"> <![endif]--> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__h_i3RBVEfBUfld4W97DMhFjEFQ891KrwB-1j-MMZobo__cO76IPg_gacgOBnuSoED_1LgmEn81XWVnZjiqE_vslc__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.css" media="all" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__hcEfBsSfdZ2na-rT9Jhk7K2mHyy5KBdPKm6ia_F7MYU__4716zpuGoj4DfVIEENbeOWgAOX_pf_t16EI4fvJGo7A__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.css" media="print" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__b-tWEqg3_twqP_ufdNXyA5V14StJgBdiIxG1UIi0LYc__3z5eyFP7TvyPE6DkwNj3xM94b3mZNfr4lSWEChDxsvU__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.css" media="screen" /> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__-BkZ71IF4pBXmZfP4vYyswWdIhuaKktrUUQ4i2vtUVo__0i_0YcYkMECNn0z7FdhNoJ8gLWleqnTtjnHRAmLijvc__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.css" media="all" /> <link href="/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/css/fonts.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css"> <style media="screen" type="text/css"> .page-news #latest-blogs h2.pane-title, .bootstrap-threecol-4-4-4 #latest-blogs h2.pane-title { width: 153px !important; } #navigation-wrapper #navigation .main-navigation .menu.nav>li.last { display: block !important; } </style> <!-- TCF stub --> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/tcf.stub.js"" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"></script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start --> <script src="https://cookie-cdn.cookiepro.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="565e50dd-f6e9-46d6-91cd-5c40a270264f"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OnetrustAdsConsent(){ if(googletag.apiReady){ //console.log("GoogleTag API ready") googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); if(OptanonActiveGroups.match(/,4,/)){ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(0); //googletag.pubads().refresh(); } else{ googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(1); // googletag.pubads().refresh(); } } else{ OnetrustAdsConsent(); } } function OptanonWrapper() { OnetrustAdsConsent(); } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end --> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__WABquebcu-gxdJy4p3XUIEPwZprzET9dBQUtwm_NaQ8__cCs36pQeczr7X_itUS-qWKCSbV_6XA3jxWXnZXxbakg__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__yOhrJUBmMpN-jsuQlJYmS8ovkQU6I6KInr295HrSTb0__kNZOwQe90NfE8C-hWOgsFXPKntAJ9VAwAGq-qlrYUcQ__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__lOcjDfaK0Tf_cFPjt2IfNx6caeofTLuo_3_LLOkLeVY__KIYAKVq3T5CMdphkmDK6vrsG37nBJdBFkLF257WPbjw__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__MqprkbkOMGsXo5QleAgYZ-1BZGeEjBTLD-R9q4U11qY__6Zx2wP08kTTfO_evmZ0PyTBhsdsUk20QXYHSsefLva4__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__k4m53H0yEpm-emWZPfR0wnDn6fgNyuxPbqloC4kkqos__p64JnJ5sSTV3LM0_jEwN6t50jDJdRFTJNA4Sq7T7s5Q__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script>var _prum=[['id', '612e3f1b1733500011000061'], ['mark', 'firstbyte', (new Date()).getTime()]]; (function() { var s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0], p=document.createElement('script'); p.async='async'; p.src='//rum-static.pingdom.net/prum.min.js';s.parentNode.insertBefore(p,s);})();</script> <script async="async" src="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_js/casa.js"></script> <script>jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"the_bmj","theme_token":"C1_p8v8nx4sQv0gHm3rCaO7UZIOR4bJtEOrKM48ZY4U"},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"nid":"1101129","apath":"\/bmj\/386\/bmj-2024-080353.atom","pisa":"bmj;386\/sep20_3\/e080353","ac":{"bmj;386\/sep20_3\/e080353":{"access":{"full":false},"pisa_id":"bmj;386\/sep20_3\/e080353","apath":"","jcode":"bmj"}},"trendmd":{"trendmd-suggestions":"{\u0022element\u0022:\u0022#trendmd-suggestions\u0022,\u0022track_id\u0022:\u002224814\u0022}"},"dataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022hwTitle\u0022:\u0022Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma\u0022,\u0022hwUrl\u0022:\u0022https:\\\/\\\/www.bmj.com\\\/content\\\/386\\\/bmj-2024-080353\u0022,\u0022hwPath\u0022:\u0022\\\/content\\\/386\\\/bmj-2024-080353\\\/peer-review\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022journal page\u0022},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022hwMemberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessUsageTerms\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022hwRegisteredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullTextAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEntitled\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022mail\u0022:\u0022e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855\u0022},\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022hwIssueDate\u0022:\u00222024-09-20\u0022,\u0022hwIssueDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-09-20 09:21:37\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDate\u0022:\u00222024-09-20\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-09-20 09:21:37\u0022,\u0022hwNlmArticleType\u0022:\u0022other\u0022,\u0022hwDOI\u0022:\u002210.1136\\\/bmj-2024-080353\u0022,\u0022hwAuthors\u0022:\u0022Aarti Bansal,Lauren Franklin,Helen Twohig\u0022,\u0022hwContributors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwIsEarlyRelease\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEissn\u0022:\u00221756-1833\u0022,\u0022hwPissn\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwVolume\u0022:\u0022386\u0022,\u0022hwIssue\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwArticleType\u0022:\u0022Practice\u0022,\u0022hwTabView\u0022:\u0022peer-review\u0022,\u0022hwViewType\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessType\u0022:\u0022Paywall\u0022,\u0022hwOpenAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwFreeAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwTaxonomy\u0022:\u002210-Minute Consultation\u0022,\u0022hwCorpusCode\u0022:\u0022bmj\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022hwSubtitle\u0022:null,\u0022hwOverline\u0022:null,\u0022hwPisaId\u0022:\u0022bmj;386\\\/sep20_3\\\/e080353\u0022,\u0022hwFirstPage\u0022:null,\u0022hwLastPage\u0022:null,\u0022hwIsLatestVersion\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwIsCurrentIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwIsOpenIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullText\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwHasPDF\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwParentTitle\u0022:\u0022BMJ: 386\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDate\u0022:\u00222024-09-20\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDateTime\u0022:\u00222024-09-20 09:21:37\u0022}}"},"jnl_bmj_infographic":{"infographic_tab":false},"custom_search":{"form_target":"_self","solr":1},"panel_ajax_tab":{"path":"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab"},"ws_fl":{"width":100,"height":21},"jnl_bmj":{"container_id_share":"article-share-modal","container_id_response":"article-response-modal"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/386\/bmj-2024-080353?tab=article-alert":true,"\/content\/386\/bmj-2024-080353":true,"\/login":true,"\/content\/386\/bmj-2024-080353\/peer-review":true},"orcidLogo":{"svg":"\/sites\/default\/themes\/bmj\/the_bmj\/img\/vector_iD_icon.svg"},"bootstrap":{"anchorsFix":"1","anchorsSmoothScrolling":"1","popoverEnabled":"1","popoverOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"right","selector":"","trigger":"click","title":"","content":"","delay":0,"container":"body"},"tooltipEnabled":"1","tooltipOptions":{"animation":1,"html":0,"placement":"auto left","selector":"","trigger":"hover focus","delay":0,"container":"body"}}});</script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script> <!-- GTM custom dimensions --> <script type="text/javascript">var DC = { Date : "", subject : "" };var ga_article_category = "Practice";var ga_article_page_type = "other";var ga_article_pub_year = "2024";var ga_customer_number = "";var ga_user_type = "";DC.Date = "2024-09-20";DC.subject = "";</script> <!-- End GTM custom dimensions --> <!-- Optimize Page Hiding Snippet --> <style>.async-hide { opacity: 0 !important} </style> <script>(function(a,s,y,n,c,h,i,d,e){s.className+=' '+y;h.start=1*new Date; h.end=i=function(){s.className=s.className.replace(RegExp(' ?'+y),'')}; (a[n]=a[n]||[]).hide=h;setTimeout(function(){i();h.end=null},c);h.timeout=c;})(window,document.documentElement,'async-hide','dataLayer',4000,{'GTM-NF7HCLL':true});</script> <!-- end Optimize Page Hiding Snippet --> <!-- Start GPT Tag --> <script>var googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []};</script> <script async src="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> var topBottomSizes = [ [970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[468,60],[300,50],[320,100] ]; var mpuSizes = [ [300,250],[300,600],[600,600], ]; //googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-7326006-1'); }); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.defineSlot('/21798771943/BMJ.com_HomePage_TOPBanner', topBottomSizes,'div-gpt-ad-7326006-1').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting("pgid", "pubgrade_lib_disabled"); googletag.defineSlot('/21798771943/BMJ.com_HomePage_MPU1', mpuSizes, 'div-gpt-ad-7326006-2').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/21798771943/BMJ.com_HomePage_MPU2', mpuSizes, 'div-gpt-ad-7326006-3').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/21798771943/BMJ.com_HomePage_BOTTOM', topBottomSizes, 'div-gpt-ad-7326006-4').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('url', window.parent.location.pathname); // Some examples of ways to enable below. Normally, only one of these // methods should be used. // A) Enable with defaults. googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 0, // Fetch slots within 1 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 0, // Render slots within 1 viewports. mobileScaling: 2.0 // Double the above values on mobile. }); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script> let cookies = parseCookies(); let bmj_uuid = cookies.bmj_uuid; let bmj_ppid = cookies.bmj_ppid; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) { const userMail = dataLayer.find((item) => item.user)?.user?.mail; if (!userMail) { return false; } return userMail !== anonMailId; } const anonMailId = 'e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855'; let nonAnonMailId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail) === anonMailId ? null : (dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail; let userId = ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.['data-ics']) ?? ((dataLayer.find(item => item.user)?.user)?.mail && nonAnonMailId) ?? bmj_ppid ?? bmj_uuid; document.cookie = 'bmj_ppid=' + userId + '; domain=.bmj.com; path=/; max-age=31622400; SameSite=None; Secure'; googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().setPublisherProvidedId(userId); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("islogged", checkUserLoginStatus(dataLayer) ? "true" : "false"); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.dataLayer.push({ 'bmj_uuid': bmj_uuid }); </script> </head> <!-- End GPT Tag --> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NF7HCLL');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> </head> <!--[if IE 6]><div class="ie-warning">Our New BMJ website does not support IE6 please upgrade your browser to the latest version or use alternative browsers suggested below. <ul> <li>- Google Chrome</li> <li>- Safari</li> <li>- Firefox</li> </ul> </div> <![endif]--> <body class="html not-front not-logged-in no-sidebars page-node page-node- page-node-1101129 node-type-highwire-article 1 Practice" > <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NF7HCLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <div id="skip-link"> <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div id="wrapper-outer"> <div id="wrapper"> <header> <div class="bmj-disclaimer"> <p>Intended for healthcare professionals</p> </div> <div class="ad-leaderboard"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-7326006-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-7326006-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> <!-- NAVIGATION --> <!-- Top Navigation --> <div id="top-nav" role="navigation" class="navbar navbar-static-top"> <div class="container"> <div id="userbar-status"> <ul id="status"> <li class="user-status-link user-status-subscribe phone-menu-item"> <a href="/us/subscribe">Subscribe</a> </li> <li class="user-status-myaccount phone-menu-item"> <div class="btn-group has-submenu"> <a class="btn dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" > My Account <span class="caret" aria-expanded="true"></span> </a> <ul class="jnl-bmj-user-my-account dropdown-menu"><li class="0 first last"><a href="//myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/account/hw-registration.html">My email alerts</a></li> </ul></div> </li> <li class="user-status-bma phone-menu-item"> <a href="//bmjverification.bma.org.uk/validate/userdetails?url=https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353?panels_ajax_tab_tab=jnl_bmj_tab_peer_review&panels_ajax_tab_trigger=peer-review&sso=">BMA member login</a> </li> <div class="btn-group has-submenu"> <a class="btn dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" > Login <span class="caret" aria-expanded="true"></span> </a> <ul class="jnl-bmj-user-signin-popup dropdown-menu"><li class="0 first last"><span><form action="/login" method="post" id="jnl-bmj-user-login-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-xj2Buahyy2nmX7bkhanMFuVf6bsdGokMgs54kMRbK3A" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="jnl_bmj_user_login_form" /> <div class="form-type-textfield form-item-name form-item form-group"> <label for="article-p-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="article-p-name" name="name" value="" size="15" maxlength="60" /> </div> <div class="form-type-password form-item-pass form-item form-group"> <label for="article-p-pass">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input class="form-control form-text required" type="password" id="article-p-pass" name="pass" size="15" maxlength="128" /> </div> <div class="link"><div id="edit-forgot" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-forgot"><a href="https://www.bmj.com/user/password" title="Retrieve your credentials.">Forgot your log in details?</a> </label> </div> </div><div class="link"><div id="edit-activate" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-activate"><a href="//journals.bmj.com/cgi/activate/basic">Need to activate</a> </label> </div> </div><input class="btn form-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit--8" name="op" value="Login" /><div id="edit-message" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> </div> <hr /><div id="edit-bma-members" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-bma-members"><a href="//bmjverification.bma.org.uk/validate/userdetails?url=https%3A//www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_bmj_tab_peer_review%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dpeer-review%26sso%3D" title="Log in here if you are a BMA member.">BMA Member Log In</a> </label> </div> <div id="edit-athens" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-athens"><a href="https://openathens-sp.highwire.org/session/init?entityID=https%3A//idp.eduserv.org.uk/openathens&amp;subcode=bmjjournals&amp;hw-shib-return-uri=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.bmj.com%252Fcontent%252F386%252Fbmj-2024-080353%253Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%253Djnl_bmj_tab_peer_review%2526panels_ajax_tab_trigger%253Dpeer-review">Log in via OpenAthens</a> </label> </div> <div id="edit-shibboleth" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-shibboleth"><a href="/login/shibboleth?uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F386%2Fbmj-2024-080353%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_bmj_tab_peer_review%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dpeer-review&amp;subcode=bmjjournals&amp;env=prod">Log in via your institution</a> </label> </div> </div></form></span></li> </ul></div> </ul><!-- /status --> <div id="userbar"> <div class="region region-userbar"> <section id="block-panels-mini-jnl-bmj-country-portal-switcher" class="block block-panels-mini clearfix"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_bmj_country_portal_switcher"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><div class="panel-pane pane-country-switcher" > <div class="pane-content"> <span class="country-label">Edition: </span> <div class="btn-group has-submenu"> <a class="btn dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" id=country-switcher> US <span class="caret" aria-expanded="true"></span> </a> <ul class="jnl-bmj-country-portal-country-switcher dropdown-menu"><li class="0 first"><a href="/bmj_countries/switch/uk?destination=node/1101129%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_bmj_tab_peer_review%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dpeer-review">UK</a></li> <li class="1"><a href="/bmj_countries/switch/india?destination=node/1101129%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_bmj_tab_peer_review%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dpeer-review">South Asia</a></li> <li class="2 last"><a href="/bmj_countries/switch/international?destination=node/1101129%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_bmj_tab_peer_review%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dpeer-review">International</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- /.block --> </div> </div><!-- /userbar --> <div id="cmp-link"> <div class="pane-content"> <span class="country-label"><a href="/company?int_source=tbmj&int_medium=header&int_campaign=URLswitch">Our company</a></span> </div> </div> </div><!-- /userbar-status --> </div><!-- /container --> </div><!-- /top-nav --> <!-- Main Navigation --> <div id="main-nav" data-spy="affix" data-offset-top="125"> <div class="primary-navigation-bar"> <div id="navigation-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <!-- Navigation toggle --> <a href="#" id="btn-nav" class=""> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> </a> <!-- Logo --> <a class="logo navbar-btn pull-left" href="/" title="Home"> <!-- <img src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/themes/bmj/the_bmj/logo.png" alt="Home" /> --> <div class="bmj-logo">The BMJ logo</div> </a> <div class="ie6-site-map"><a href="/sitemap">Site map</a></div> <!-- Search --> <div class="main-nav-search"> <div id="search"> <!--<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span>--> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" title="Search"><div class="search"><em class="fa fa-search" alt="Search"></em><span class="search-label">Search</span></div></a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <div class="header-search-form container"> <div class="searchbar"> <div class="region region-search-block"> <section id="block-search-form" class="block block-search clearfix"> <form class="search-form form-search content-search" action="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/peer-review" method="post" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div> <h2 class="element-invisible">Search form</h2> <div class="input-group"><input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." class="container-inline input-append form-control form-text" placeholder="Search The BMJ" type="text" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Search</button></span></div><button class="element-invisible btn btn-primary btn btn-primary form-button" type="submit" id="edit-submit--3" name="op" value="Search">Search</button><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-xSQN46grbNYgjZVCOt593PkIZUsTJkFtODtm232WBZo" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> <input type="hidden" name="custom_search_paths" value="search/advanced/[key]" /> </div> </div></form> </section> <!-- /.block --> </div> </div> <div class="advanced-search"> <ul class="list-inline"> <li><a href="/search/advanced" title="Advanced search">Advanced search</a></li> <li><a href="/rapid-responses" title="Search responses">Search responses</a></li> <li><a href="//blogs.bmj.com/bmj/" title="Search blogs">Search blogs</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- /advanced-search --> </div><!-- /header-search-form --> </div><!-- /dropdown-menu --> </div><!-- /search --> </div><!-- /main-nav-search --> <!-- Mobile top nav --> <a href="#" id="toggle-mobile-top-nav"> <span class="fa fa-cog"></span> <span class="sr-only">Toggle top menu</span> </a> <!-- Navigation --> <div id="navigation" class="navigation"> <!-- Main Navigation --> <div class="main-navigation"> <nav role="navigation"> <ul class="menu nav navbar-nav"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/coronavirus">covid-19</a></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/us/research" data-target="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Research</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/us/research">At a glance</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/research/research">Research papers</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/research/research%20methods%20%26amp%3B%20reporting">Research methods and reporting</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/us/research/minerva">Minerva</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/us/education" data-target="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Education</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/us/education">At a glance</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/education/clinical%20review">Clinical reviews</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/education/practice">Practice</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/education/minerva">Minerva</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/education/endgames">Endgames</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/specialties/state-art">State of the art</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/specialties/what-your-patient-thinking">What your patient is thinking</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/rapid-recommendations">Rapid recommendations</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/student">Student</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/us/news" data-target="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">News & Views</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/us/news">At a glance</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/news?category=News">News</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/feature">Features</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/editorial">Editorials</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/analysis">Analysis</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/news/opinion">Opinion</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/head%20to%20head">Head to head</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/editor%27s%20choice">Editor&#039;s choice</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/letter">Letters</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/us/news/obituary">Obituaries</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/careers-articles">Careers</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/rapid-responses">Rapid responses</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded dropdown"><a href="/campaigns" data-target="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Campaigns</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/campaigns">At a glance</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/better-evidence">Better evidence</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/campaign/climate-emergency">Climate change</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/divestment">Divestment from fossil fuels</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/campaign/patient-partnership">Patient and public partnership</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/too-much-medicine">Too much medicine</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="last expanded dropdown"><a href="/careers" data-target="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown">Jobs</a><ul class="dropdown-menu"><li class="first leaf"><a href="/careers">Doctor Jobs UK</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/careers/jobs/hospital/">Hospital Jobs UK</a></li> <li class="leaf"><a href="/careers/jobs/general-practice/">GP Jobs UK</a></li> <li class="last leaf"><a href="/careers/jobs/international/">International Jobs</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <!-- Second Navigation --> <div class="second-navigation"> <ul class="secondary-nav" id=""> <li class="even"><a href="/archive" class="">Archive</a></li> <li class="odd"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-authors" class="">For authors</a></li> <li class="odd last"><a href="http://hosted.bmj.com" class="">Hosted</a></li> </ul> </div><!-- /second-navigation --> </nav> </div><!-- /main-navigation --> </div><!-- /navigation --> </div><!-- /container --> </div><!-- /navigation-wrapper --> </div><!-- /navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top --> </div><!-- Main nav --> </header><!-- /header --> <div class="main-container container" id="page"> <!-- #page is for back to top to work --> <!-- Remove heading --> <div class="row"> <section class="col-sm-12" > <ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="first"><a href="/us/education">Education</a></li> <li>Optimising inhaled...</li> <li class="active last">Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma</li> </ol> <a id="main-content"></a> <div class="region region-content"> <section id="block-system-main" class="block block-system clearfix"> <div class="panel-display" > <div class="hero"> <div class="hero-wrapper"> <div class="hero-content" style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 35.5px;"> </div> <!-- hero-content --> </div> <!-- hero-wrapper --> </div> <!-- hero --> <div class="row"> <div class="left-content col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 col-lg-8"> <article> <div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node1101129" data-node-nid="1101129" id="node-1101129--21398042917" data-pisa="bmj;386/sep20_3/e080353" data-pisa-master="bmj;bmj-2024-080353" data-apath="/bmj/386/bmj-2024-080353.atom"><cite class='highwire-cite highwire-citation-bmj-article-top'> <span class='highwire-cite-article-type'>Practice</span> <span class='bmj-series-title'>10-Minute Consultation</span> <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma</h1> <span class='highwire-cite-journal'>BMJ</span> <span class='highwire-cite-published-year'>2024</span>; <span class='highwire-cite-volume-issue'>386</span> <span class='highwire-cite-doi'> doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-080353">https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-080353</a></span> <span class='highwire-cite-date'>(Published 20 September 2024)</span> <span class='highwire-cite-article-as'> Cite this as: <span class="italic">BMJ</span> 2024;386:e080353 </span> </cite> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs pane-panels-ajax-tab-tabs" > <div class="pane-content"> <ul class="tabs inline panels-ajax-tab"><li class="first"><a title="Article Tab - Article" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_bmj_tab_art" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:1101129" data-trigger="" data-url-enabled="1"><span>Article</span></a><a title="Article Tab - Article" href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_bmj_tab_art/node:1101129/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li> <li><a title="Article Tab - Related Articles" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/related" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_bmj_tab_related_art" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:1101129" data-trigger="related" data-url-enabled="1"><span>Related content</span></a><a title="Article Tab - Related Articles" href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_bmj_tab_related_art/node:1101129/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li> <li><a title="Article Tab - Info & Metrics" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/article-info" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_bmj_tab_info" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:1101129" data-trigger="article-info" data-url-enabled="1"><span>Metrics</span></a><a title="Article Tab - Info & Metrics" href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_bmj_tab_info/node:1101129/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li> <li><a title="BMJ Article Related Rapid Responses" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/rapid-responses" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="bmj_related_rapid_responses" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:1101129" data-trigger="rapid-responses" data-url-enabled="1"><span>Responses</span></a><a title="BMJ Article Related Rapid Responses" href="/panels_ajax_tab/bmj_related_rapid_responses/node:1101129/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li> <li><a title="Article Tab - Peer review" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/peer-review" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_bmj_tab_peer_review" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:1101129" data-trigger="peer-review" data-url-enabled="1"><span>Peer review</span></a><a title="Article Tab - Peer review" href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_bmj_tab_peer_review/node:1101129/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li> <li class="last"><a title="BMJ Rapid Responses Form" href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/submit-a-rapid-response" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="bmj_rapid_responses_form" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:1101129" data-trigger="submit-a-rapid-response" data-url-enabled="1"><i class="fa fa-edit"></i></a><a title="BMJ Rapid Responses Form" href="/panels_ajax_tab/bmj_rapid_responses_form/node:1101129/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container" > <div class="pane-content"> <div data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded="jnl_bmj_tab_peer_review" id="panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs" class="panels-ajax-tab-container"><div class="panels-ajax-tab-loading" style ="display:none"><img class="loading" src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif" alt="Loading" title="Loading" /></div><div class="panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_bmj_tab_peer_review"><div class="panel-display row bootstrap-onecol" > <div class="panel-panel col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="panel-pane pane-jnl-bmj-peer-review" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="no-peer-review"><h2>Please note that it may take up to 5 days for the peer review documents to appear.</h2></div><p>For research papers <em>The BMJ</em> has fully open peer review. This means that accepted research papers published from early 2015 onwards usually have their prepublication history posted alongside them on bmj.com.</p> <p>This prepublication history comprises all previous versions of the manuscript, the study protocol (submitting the protocol is mandatory for all clinical trials and encouraged for all other studies at <em>The BMJ</em>), the report from the manuscript committee meeting, the reviewers’ comments, and the authors’ responses to all the comments from reviewers and editors.</p> <p>In rare instances we determine after careful consideration that we should not make certain portions of the prepublication record publicly available. For example, in cases of stigmatised illnesses we seek to protect the confidentiality of reviewers who have these illnesses. In other instances there may be legal or regulatory considerations that make it inadvisable or impermissible to make available certain parts of the prepublication record.</p> <p>In all instances in which we have determined that elements of the prepublication record should not be made publicly available, we expect that authors will respect these decisions and also will not share this information.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-trendmd" > <div class="pane-content"> <div id="trendmd-suggestions"></div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="right-nav col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <aside> <div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="service-links"><ul><li class="first"><a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A//www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353&amp;count=horizontal&amp;via=&amp;text=Optimising%20inhaled%20therapy%20for%20patients%20with%20asthma&amp;counturl=https%3A//www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" id="twitter_widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span class="element-invisible">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="last"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A//www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353&amp;layout=button_count&amp;show_faces=false&amp;action=like&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;width=100&amp;height=21&amp;font=&amp;locale=" id="facebook_like" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow"><span class="element-invisible">Facebook Like</span></a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="oas-ad-middle-1" id="oas-ad-middle-1"> <div class="snippet-content"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-7326006-2"><script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-7326006-2'); }); </script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-issue-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/content/386/8443" class="btn btn-primary" target="_blank">See other articles in issue 8443</a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-article-buttons" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Article tools </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <a href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353.full.pdf" title="PDF" class="pdf-link"><span class="icon"><em class="bmj-icon blue-icon fa fa-file-text"></em>PDF</span></a><a href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/rapid-responses" class="citation-rr-link"><em class="bmj-icon blue-icon fa fa-comment"></em>1 response</a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-bmj-art-tools" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_bmj_art_tools"> <div class="panel-panel panel-col"> <div><ul><li class="first"><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1" > <div class="pane-content"> <p><i class="bmj-icon fa fa-edit"></i><a href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353/submit-a-rapid-response">Respond to this article</a></p> </div> </div> </li> <li><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-variant-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <i class="bmj-icon fa fa-print"></i><a href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353.full-text.print" data-font-icon="fa fa-print">Print</a> </div> </div> </li> <li><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-minipanel-model-link pane-jnl-bmj-article-page-alerts" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='minipanel-model-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-model-link-link'><i class="bmj-icon fa fa-bullhorn"></i><a href="/#mini-panel-jnl-bmj-article-page-alerts-1" data-toggle="collapse" role="button" data-font-icon="fa fa-bullhorn">Alerts & updates</a></div><!-- Collapse --><div id="mini-panel-jnl-bmj-article-page-alerts-1" class="panel-collapse collapse"><div class="minipanel-header"><h4 class="minipanel-label">Article alerts</h4><div class="short-description"><div class="alerts-marketing">Please note: your email address is provided to the journal, which may use this information for marketing purposes.</div></div></div><div class="minipanel-body"><div class="panel-display row bootstrap-onecol" id="mini-panel-jnl_bmj_article_page_alerts"> <div class="panel-panel col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2" > <div class="pane-content"> <h4 class="minipanel-label">Log in or register:</h4> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-alerts-login-form" > <div class="pane-content"> <form action="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353?tab=article-alert" method="post" id="user-login-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-type-textfield form-item-name form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="15" maxlength="60" /> </div> <div class="form-type-password form-item-pass form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-pass">Password <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input class="form-control form-text required" type="password" id="edit-pass" name="pass" size="15" maxlength="128" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-XHhH26xh8HGhIeDQSK6BjMbNmr0quOr1I1yvPRYCOyw" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_alerts_user_login" /> <input class="btn form-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Log in" /></div></form> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-3" id="register-for-alerts" > <div class="pane-content"> <p><a class="btn register-button" href="//myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/registration.html?regService=bmj-registration&amp;fwdUrl=https://www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353?tab=article-alert&amp;itemId=pr1906">Register for alerts</a><br /> <div class="alerts-email"><i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> If you have registered for alerts, you should use your registered email address as your username</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </li> <li><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-minipanel-model-link pane-article-page-citation-download" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='minipanel-model-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-model-link-link'><i class="bmj-icon fa fa-globe"></i><a href="/#mini-panel-article-page-citation-download-1" data-toggle="collapse" role="button" data-font-icon="fa fa-globe">Citation tools</a></div><!-- Collapse --><div id="mini-panel-article-page-citation-download-1" class="panel-collapse collapse"><div class="minipanel-header"><h4 class="minipanel-label">Download this article to citation manager</h4></div><div class="minipanel-body"><div class="panel-display row bootstrap-onecol" id="mini-panel-article_page_citation_download"> <div class="panel-panel col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-citation-export" > <div class="pane-content"> <div> <div class="highwire-citation-info"> <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node1101129--3" data-node-nid="1101129" id="node-1101129--4165882849" data-pisa="bmj;386/sep20_3/e080353" data-pisa-master="bmj;bmj-2024-080353" data-apath="/bmj/386/bmj-2024-080353.atom"><div id="jnl_bmj_custom_authors" style="display: none;"><span data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Aarti</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bansal</span> <span class="nlm-role">GP and clinical lead for sustainability</span></span>, <span data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Lauren</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Franklin</span> <span class="nlm-role">medical student</span></span>, <span data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Helen</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Twohig</span> <span class="nlm-role">GP and NIHR clinical lecturer in primary care</span></span></div> <div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-bmj-article-citation-export clearfix" > <span class="highwire-cite-authors" ><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd"> <html><body><span data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-surname">Bansal</span> <span class="nlm-given-names">A</span></span>, <span data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-surname">Franklin</span> <span class="nlm-given-names">L</span></span>, <span data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-surname">Twohig</span> <span class="nlm-given-names">H</span></span>. </body></html> </span> <span class="highwire-cite-title article-title">Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma</span> <span class="highwire-cite-metadata" ><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">BMJ </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">2024; </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">386 </span><span class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">:e080353 </span></span> <span class="article-doi" >doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-080353</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="highwire-citation-formats"> <div class="highwire-citation-formats-links"> <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.spage&amp;rft.epage&amp;rft.atitle=Optimising%20inhaled%20therapy%20for%20patients%20with%20asthma&amp;rft.volume=386&amp;rft.issue&amp;rft.date=2024-09-20%2009%3A21%3A37&amp;rft.stitle&amp;rft.jtitle=BMJ&amp;rft.au=Bansal%2C+Aarti&amp;rft.au=Franklin%2C+Lauren&amp;rft.au=Twohig%2C+Helen"></span><h3></h3><ul class="bmj-citation-links"><li class="first">BibTeX (win & mac)<a href="/highwire/citation/1101129/bibtext" class="citation-link btn btn-primary pull-right">Download</a></li> <li>EndNote (tagged)<a href="/highwire/citation/1101129/endnote-tagged" class="citation-link btn btn-primary pull-right">Download</a></li> <li>EndNote 8 (xml)<a href="/highwire/citation/1101129/endnote-8-xml" class="citation-link btn btn-primary pull-right">Download</a></li> <li>RefWorks Tagged (win & mac)<a href="/highwire/citation/1101129/refworks-tagged" class="citation-link btn btn-primary pull-right">Download</a></li> <li>RIS (win only)<a href="/highwire/citation/1101129/ris" class="citation-link btn btn-primary pull-right">Download</a></li> <li class="last">Medlars<a href="/highwire/citation/1101129/medlars" class="citation-link btn btn-primary pull-right">Download</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Help </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="jnl-bmj-citation-download-help" id="jnl-bmj-citation-download-help"> <div class="snippet-content"> <div class="citation-help"> <p class="citation-manager">If you are unable to import citations, please contact technical support for your product directly (links go to external sites):</p> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.endnote.com/support/ensupport.asp">EndNote</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.procite.com/support/pcsupport.asp">ProCite</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.refman.com/support/rmsupport.asp">Reference Manager</a></li> <li><a href= "http://www.refworks.com/content/products/content.asp">RefWorks</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.zotero.org/support">Zotero</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="last"><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-permission-link" > <div class="pane-content"> <i class="bmj-icon icon-copyright"></i><a href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=BMJ&amp;publication=bmj&amp;title=Optimising%20inhaled%20therapy%20for%20patients%20with%20asthma&amp;publicationDate=09/20/2024&amp;author=Aarti%20Bansal%2C%20Lauren%20Franklin%2C%20Helen%20Twohig&amp;contentID=10.1136/bmj-2024-080353&amp;volumeNum=386&amp;issueNum=&amp;startPage=&amp;endPage=&amp;copyright=BMJ%20Publishing%20Group%20Ltd&amp;oa=n&amp;orderBeanReset=1&amp;link_type=PERMISSIONDIRECT&amp;atom=/bmj/386/bmj-2024-080353.atom" rel="external" class="bmj-permission-link request-permissions" target="_blank" data-font-icon="icon-copyright">Request permissions</a> </div> </div> </li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-bmj-article-share-modal" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="panel-display row bootstrap-onecol" id="mini-panel-bmj_article_share_modal"> <div class="panel-panel col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-article-links" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="bmj-article-links minipanel-model-wrapper"><ul class="links"><li><div class="minipanel-model-link-link"><i class="bmj-icon fa fa-user"></i><a data-font-icon="fa fa-bullhorn" role="button" data-toggle="collapse" href="/#mini-panel-jnl-bmj-article-page-citation" class="collapsed">Author citation</a></div></li></ul><div style="height: 0px;" id="mini-panel-jnl-bmj-article-page-citation" class="panel-collapse collapse"><ul class="links"><li class="0 first"><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&amp;db=pubmed&amp;term=Bansal%20Aarti%5Bau%5D&amp;dispmax=50" target="_blank">Articles by Aarti Bansal</a></li> <li class="1"><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&amp;db=pubmed&amp;term=Franklin%20Lauren%5Bau%5D&amp;dispmax=50" target="_blank">Articles by Lauren Franklin</a></li> <li class="2 last"><a href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=search&amp;db=pubmed&amp;term=Twohig%20Helen%5Bau%5D&amp;dispmax=50" target="_blank">Articles by Helen Twohig</a></li> </ul></div></div><div class="bmj-article-links"><ul class="links"><li class="0 first last"><a href="//portfolio.bmj.com/portfolio/add-to-portfolio.html?t=Optimising%20inhaled%20therapy%20for%20patients%20with%20asthma&amp;u=https%3A//www.bmj.com/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" target="_blank" id="add-to-bmj-portfolio" class="bmj-portfolio" rel="nofollow">Add article to BMJ Portfolio</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-minipanel-model-link pane-jnl-bmj-article-button-email-to" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class='minipanel-model-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-model-link-link'><i class="bmj-icon icon-email"></i><a href="/#mini-panel-jnl-bmj-article-button-email-to-1" data-toggle="collapse" role="button" data-font-icon="icon-email">Email to a friend</a></div><!-- Collapse --><div id="mini-panel-jnl-bmj-article-button-email-to-1" class="panel-collapse collapse"><div class="minipanel-header"><h4 class="minipanel-label">Forward this page</h4></div><div class="minipanel-body"><div class="panel-display row bootstrap-onecol" id="mini-panel-jnl_bmj_article_button_email_to"> <div class="panel-panel col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-forward-form" > <div class="pane-content"> <form action="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" method="post" id="forward-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-instructions" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> <p>Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.</p><p>NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.</p> </div> <div class="form-type-textfield form-item-name form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-name">Username <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <input class="form-control form-text required" type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="dramjad84@hotmail.com" size="58" maxlength="256" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="email" value="dramjad84@hotmail.com" /> <div class="form-type-textarea form-item-recipients form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-recipients">Send To <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label> <div class="form-textarea-wrapper"><textarea class="form-control form-textarea required" id="edit-recipients" name="recipients" cols="50" rows="3"></textarea></div> </div> <div id="edit-page" class="form-type-item form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-page">You are going to email the following </label> <a href="/content/386/bmj-2024-080353" class="active">Optimising inhaled therapy for patients with asthma</a> </div> <div class="form-type-textarea form-item-message form-item form-group"> <label for="edit-message--2">Your Personal Message </label> <div class="form-textarea-wrapper"><textarea class="form-control form-textarea" id="edit-message--2" name="message" cols="50" rows="3"></textarea></div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="path" value="node/1101129" /> <input type="hidden" name="path_cid" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="forward_footer" value=" " /> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-doHpC0PEPrXbM2Mp_JpfL7vKGDRkgW6wLrgOPBU64Sw" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_token" value="rxSZ5mjZbbpwlWpOWF8TMAy3l8a6IzI5glA-69vhDwY" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="forward_form" /> <input class="btn form-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit--2" name="op" value="Send" /></div></form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-article-specialities" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Topics </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="bmj-item-more-less-list bmj-item-list"><ul class="item-list-speciality"><li class="first last"><a href="/specialties/10-minute-consultation" class="article-speciality c-10-minute-consultation">10-Minute Consultation</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="altmertrics" id="altmertrics"> <div class="snippet-content"> <!-- Widget start --> <div id="altmetric"></div> <!-- Widget end --> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="oas-ad-middle-2" id="oas-ad-middle-2"> <div class="snippet-content"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-7326006-3"><script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-7326006-3'); }); </script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-4" > <div class="pane-content"> <!-- Start CrossMark Snippet v1.5 --><p><a data-target="crossmark"><img src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/logos/CROSSMARK_Color_horizontal.svg" width="150" /></a></p> <div id="crossmark-dialog" style="display: none;" title="Crossmark"> <!-- the external CrossMark data is loaded inside this iframe --><iframe id="crossmark-dialog-frame" frameborder="0"></iframe></div> <!-- End CrossMark Snippet --> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet pane-poll-international" id="poll-widget" > <h2 class="pane-title"> This week&#039;s poll </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="poll-international" id="poll-international"> <div class="snippet-content"> <p><a class="anchor" id="this-weeks-poll"></a></p> <div id="PDI_container58250" class="PDS_Poll"></div> <div id="PD_superContainer"></div> <div class="poll-related"> <p><a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/385/bmj.q1429">Read</a> related article</p> <p><a href="/about-bmj/poll-archive">See</a> previous polls</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div> <!-- /row --> <div class="row"> <div class="panel-panel page-bottom col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-back-to-top" > <div class="pane-content"> <a href="#page" class="back-to-top"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span> Back to top</a> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet pane-oas-ad-bottom" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="oas-ad-bottom" id="oas-ad-bottom"> <div class="snippet-content"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-7326006-4"><script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-7326006-4'); }); </script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /row --> </div> <!-- /container --> </section> <!-- /.block --> </div> </section> </div><!-- /row --> </div><!-- /main-container --> <!-- ______________________ FOOTER _______________________ --> <div class="footer-wrapper"> <div class="container"> <footer id="footer"> <div class="region region-footer"> <section id="block-panels-mini-bmj-footer" class="block block-panels-mini clearfix"> <div class="panel-display bootstrap-footer" id="mini-panel-bmj_footer"> <div class="footer-top-row"> <div id="footer-social-media" class="footer-column panel-panel col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-lg-3"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-2" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Follow us on </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-2 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1298 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1299"><a href="http://twitter.com/bmj_latest" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1301"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/bmjdotcom" target="_blank">Facebook</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1300"><a href="http://youtube.com/user/BMJmedia" target="_blank">YouTube</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1302"><a href="http://feeds.bmj.com/bmj/recent">RSS</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-content col-xs-12 col-sm-9 col-md-9 col-lg-9"> <div id="footer-top-row" class="row"> <div class="footer-column panel-panel col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-3" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Content links </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-3 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1303 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-125058"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/collections">Collections</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-125036"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/health-in-south-asia">Health in South Asia</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-125034"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/women%E2%80%99s-children%E2%80%99s-and-adolescents%E2%80%99-health-0">Women’s, children’s &amp; adolescents’ health</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-17959"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/freezikaresources">Zika virus</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1305"><a href="/us/research">Research</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1306"><a href="/us/education">Education</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-6506"><a href="/us/news">News and views</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1310"><a href="http://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/">BMJ Opinion</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7612"><a href="/rapid-responses">Rapid responses</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1309"><a href="/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-column panel-panel col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-4" > <h2 class="pane-title"> About us </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-4 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1314 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-6487"><a href="/about-bmj">About us</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1316"><a href="/about-bmj/editorial-staff">Editorial staff</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1317"><a href="/about-bmj/editorial-staff/bmj-united-states">BMJ in the USA</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-127585"><a href="/health-in-latin-america">BMJ in Latin America</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1318"><a href="/about-bmj/editorial-staff/bmj-south-asia">BMJ in South Asia</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1319"><a href="/about-bmj/advisory-panels">Advisers</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1320"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-authors/forms-policies-and-checklists">Policies</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1323"><a href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bmj">Submit your paper</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-column panel-panel col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-5" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Resources </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-5 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1324 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1325"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-authors">Authors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1326"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-reviewers">Reviewers</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1327"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-bma-members">BMA members</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1329"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-readers">Readers</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1328"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-subscribers">Subscribers</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1330"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-advertisers-and-sponsors">Advertisers and sponsors</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1331"><a href="/about-bmj/resources-media">Media</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-7610"><a href="https://recruiter.bmj.com/">Recruiters</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-column panel-panel col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-6" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Explore BMJ </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-6 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1332 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-7613"><a href="https://www.bmj.com/company/?int_source=tbmj&amp;int_medium=footer&amp;int_campaign=URLswitch">Our company</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7421"><a href="https://jobs.bmj.com/">BMJ Careers</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7423"><a href="http://learning.bmj.com/">BMJ Learning</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7424"><a href="http://masterclasses.bmj.com">BMJ Masterclasses</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7425"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com">BMJ Journals</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7422"><a href="/student">BMJ Student</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7426"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-readers">Academic edition of The BMJ</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-7427"><a href="http://bestpractice.bmj.com/">BMJ Best Practice</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-17958"><a href="http://thebmjawards.bmj.com/home">The BMJ Awards</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-column panel-panel col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-7" > <h2 class="pane-title"> My account </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-7 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1343 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1344"><a href="http://myaccount.bmj.com/myaccount/account/hw-registration.html">Email alerts</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1345"><a href="http://journals.bmj.com/cgi/activate">Activate subscription</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-column panel-panel col-xs-6 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-8" > <h2 class="pane-title"> Information </h2> <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-8 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1346 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1347"><a href="/about-bmj/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1321"><a href="/about-bmj/complaints-procedure">Complaints</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-bottom-row" class="row"> <div class="panel-panel col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-block-9 hidden-phone" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-9 menu-name-menu-footer parent-mlid-1349 menu-level-1"> <ul class="menu nav"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-125888"><a id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings" clickable="false">Cookie settings</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1350"><a href="https://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/cookies-policy/">Cookie Policy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-125299"><a href="https://www.bmj.com/company/your-privacy/">Privacy policy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1351"><a href="http://www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/">Website T&amp;Cs</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1352"><a href="http://group.bmj.com/group/about/revenue-sources">Revenue Sources</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-1353"><a href="http://home.highwire.org/">HighWire Press</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-8093"><a href="/sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-bmj-copy-right" > <div class="pane-content"> <div class="copyright">Copyright © 2025 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <!-- /.block --> </div> </footer> <!-- /footer --> </div><!-- /footer-wrapper:container --> </div><!-- /footer-wrapper --> </div> <!-- /wrapper --> </div> <!-- /wrapper-outer --> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__uW7NyUocxI-7E_sL-GP7L5FYvHrfi0D8UkwaFa_jFUQ__ITpTmydBN18ujP4Nq9igNKs2_uPvSa_MMIGZilNH7xo__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__wteGLiD1wamodYGt1CPf350dgG_dnSPaybjTJJ4V8O0__tHSi0oVxXVY1K8dKSadgniknKfq0JO39EkwFnl-Qx3k__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script src="https://static.polldaddy.com/w/58250.js"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.8.7/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="https://crossmark-cdn.crossref.org/widget/v2.0/widget.js"></script> <script src="https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js"></script> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__MRPi3TCp82zbORQjzQFOzXS5iYt1nJedsoTrGvPwJqY__NguOMxsa9Z7Tbe-17LOWb0kXxeIAvlh1FjGQiV0LlWI__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script src="https://www.bmj.com/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__xzNSlkd6RuQxiECRzIATOfy1cTa8QtgUYVK879CEAPU__msJSSsrdTRPvyVKp17p7h4Tkj59ZTpxc4H7SR48aK40__a7Jq5VSqcMKMeR_gboGw1x4AC4g6SRpO1Geb_4xJjYc.js"></script> <script> setTimeout(function(){var a=document.createElement("script"); var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; a.src=document.location.protocol+"//dnn506yrbagrg.cloudfront.net/pages/scripts/0014/4896.js?"+Math.floor(new Date().getTime()/3600000); a.async=true;a.type="text/javascript";b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)}, 1);</script> <script>jQuery(".page-search .pane-quick-search-results .search-snippet").text(function (_, old){ return old.replace(/\S+@\S+\.\S+/, "");});</script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var google_conversion_id = 973817434; var google_custom_params = window.google_tag_params; var google_remarketing_only = true; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.googleadservices.com/pagead/conversion.js"> </script> <noscript> <div style="display:inline;"> <img height="1" width="1" style="border-style:none;" alt="" src="//googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/973817434/?value=0&amp;guid=ON&amp;script=0"/> </div> </noscript> <script async src="https://cdn.pbgrd.com/core-bmj.js"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10