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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approach_to_crime_and_the_judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Approach to crime and the judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Approach_to_crime_and_the_judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Opposition criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_politician" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_politician"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Federal politician</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Policy views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Minister_of_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Minister_of_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Federal Minister of Justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Minister_of_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criminal_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criminal_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Criminal justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criminal_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1.1</span> <span>Criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1.2</span> <span>Judicial appointments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-President_of_the_Treasury_Board" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President_of_the_Treasury_Board"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>President of the Treasury Board</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President_of_the_Treasury_Board-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minister_responsible_for_Manitoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minister_responsible_for_Manitoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Minister responsible for Manitoba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minister_responsible_for_Manitoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_Minister_of_Public_Safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_Minister_of_Public_Safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Federal Minister of Public Safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_Minister_of_Public_Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian politician (born 1952)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Vic Toews</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a> <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vic_Toews.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vic_Toews.jpg/220px-Vic_Toews.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vic_Toews.jpg/330px-Vic_Toews.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vic_Toews.jpg/440px-Vic_Toews.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="927" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Safety_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Safety (Canada)">Minister of Public Safety</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 19, 2010 – July 9, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Blaney" title="Steven Blaney">Steven Blaney</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice<br />Attorney General of Canada</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 6, 2006 – January 4, 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Cotler" title="Irwin Cotler">Irwin Cotler</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Treasury_Board_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Treasury Board (Canada)">President of the Treasury Board</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 4, 2007 – January 19, 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 27, 2000 – July 9, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Iftody" title="David Iftody">David Iftody</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Falk" title="Ted Falk">Ted Falk</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Manitoba Legislative Assembly">Manitoba Legislative Assembly</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Rossmere_(Manitoba_riding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossmere (Manitoba riding)">Rossmere</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 25, 1995 – September 21, 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Schellenberg" title="Harry Schellenberg">Harry Schellenberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Schellenberg" title="Harry Schellenberg">Harry Schellenberg</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Victor Toews</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-09-10</span>) </span>September 10, 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 72)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Filadelfia" title="Filadelfia">Filadelfia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> (2003–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative</a> (provincial; 1989-2000)<br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Alliance</a> (2000–2003)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Lorraine Toews (div. 2008)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg, Manitoba">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Winnipeg" title="University of Winnipeg">University of Winnipeg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Counsel" title="Counsel">Counsel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Crown_attorney" title="Crown attorney">Crown attorney</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Victor Toews</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born September 10, 1952) is a Canadian politician and jurist. Toews is a justice of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_of_Manitoba" title="Court of King's Bench of Manitoba">Court of King's Bench of Manitoba</a>. He represented <a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> from 2000 until his resignation on July 9, 2013, and served in the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian cabinet">cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, most recently as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Safety">Minister of Public Safety</a>. He previously served in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_Manitoba" title="Legislative Assembly of Manitoba">Legislative Assembly of Manitoba</a> from 1995 to 1999, and was a senior <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet minister">cabinet minister</a> in the government of <a href="/wiki/Gary_Filmon" title="Gary Filmon">Gary Filmon</a>. Prior to his appointment to the judiciary, Toews was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toews was born September 10, 1952, in <a href="/wiki/Filadelfia" title="Filadelfia">Filadelfia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boquer%C3%B3n_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Boquerón Department">Boquerón Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> to Mennonite Canadian parents. His father, Victor David Toews, was a Reverend who was teaching in the <a href="/wiki/Fernheim_Colony" title="Fernheim Colony">Fernheim Mennonite Colony</a> with Toews mother, Anna Peters.<sup id="cite_ref-gameo.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gameo.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1920, his paternal great-grandparents were killed in a bomb blast during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gameo.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gameo.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vic Toews has five siblings: Bernhard, Clara, Marlene, Edward, and Esther.<sup id="cite_ref-gameo.org_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gameo.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His family left Paraguay in 1956 for Canada and settled in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg,_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg, Manitoba">Winnipeg, Manitoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews speaks <a href="/wiki/Plautdietsch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Plautdietsch language">Mennonite Low German</a> (his mother tongue), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He holds a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Winnipeg" title="University of Winnipeg">University of Winnipeg</a> (1973), and a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws" title="Bachelor of Laws">Bachelor of Laws</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a> (1976).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews was called to the Manitoba Bar in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined the provincial <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Justice" title="Manitoba Justice">Ministry of Justice</a> in 1976 and became a <a href="/wiki/Crown_attorney" title="Crown attorney">Crown attorney</a> the following year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divorce">Divorce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Divorce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toews divorced from his wife of 30 years, Lorraine Kathleen Fehr, after it was discovered that he had fathered a child with a young Conservative Party staffer. In divorce documents, Fehr claimed Toews had a much earlier relationship with the family's child care provider.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This incident later became publicized in February 2012, when an anonymous <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> account (later discovered to be a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> staffer) began posting information from Toews' divorce affidavit (that were on the public record, filed with the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Queen%27s_Bench_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba">Court of Queen's Bench of Manitoba</a>) as reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Protecting_Children_from_Internet_Predators_Act" title="Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act">introduction of Bill-30</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conviction">Conviction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conviction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, Toews was charged with violating Manitoba's <i>Election Finances Act</i> in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Manitoba_general_election" title="1999 Manitoba general election">1999 provincial election</a>. During the election cycle, it was discovered that his election campaign had spent $7,500 more than the allowed limit. Toews pleaded guilty, and was later convicted and fined $500.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_politician">Provincial politician</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Provincial politician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toews joined the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba</a> in 1989, winning a seat in the <a href="/wiki/1995_Manitoba_general_election" title="1995 Manitoba general election">1995 election</a>, by narrowly defeating NDP incumbent <a href="/wiki/Harry_Schellenberg" title="Harry Schellenberg">Harry Schellenberg</a> in the north Winnipeg riding of <a href="/wiki/Rossmere_(Manitoba_riding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossmere (Manitoba riding)">Rossmere</a>. In 1999, the Progressive Conservatives were defeated in the 1999 provincial election and Toews himself lost to Schellenberg in a rematch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Labour">Minister of Labour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minister of Labour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Toews was appointed to the cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Manitoba" title="Premier of Manitoba">Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Filmon" title="Gary Filmon">Gary Filmon</a> after the election, becoming <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour_(Manitoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Labour (Manitoba)">Minister of Labour</a> on May 9, 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his debut speech to the legislature, he said that his political philosophy was partly influenced by leaders of Canada's <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> movement, as well as his own Mennonite upbringing.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews's tenure as Labour Minister was marked by a difficult relationship with organized labour.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first major legislative initiative was Bill 26 (1996), which required unions to disclose the salaries of their officials and indicate how membership dues were spent, mandated union certification votes to take place within seven days of an application, and granted employees the right to prevent their dues from being donated to political parties.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several labour leaders described the bill as anti-union. NDP leader <a href="/wiki/Gary_Doer" title="Gary Doer">Gary Doer</a> argued that the provision regarding donations unfairly targeted his party, and suggested that corporate shareholders should be given the same right to shield their investments from party donations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews rejected these criticisms, and argued that Bill 26 provided greater autonomy to individual workers. </p><p>Toews's department proposed the privatization of home-care delivery services in 1996, drawing opposition from many in the field and triggering an extended strike.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also forced to deal with strikes at <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vale_Inco" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale Inco">Inco</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Lotteries_Corporation" title="Manitoba Lotteries Corporation">Manitoba Lotteries Corporation</a>, leading one journalist to describe 1996 as "the busiest year for picketing since the 1919 <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_General_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnipeg General Strike">Winnipeg General Strike</a>". Toews blamed unions for provoking the strikes, saying they were conducted "for political, not economic, reasons."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews cancelled the provincial Payment of Wages Fund in July 1996, argued that it was not achieving its purpose. The stated intention of the fund was to allow workers to collect revenues from employers who entered bankruptcy or receivership.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_of_Justice">Minister of Justice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Minister of Justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 6, 1997, Toews was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Manitoba)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Manitoba)">Minister of Justice, Attorney General and Keeper of the Great Seal</a>, with further responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Affairs_(Manitoba_ministry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Affairs (Manitoba ministry)">Constitutional Affairs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Approach_to_crime_and_the_judiciary">Approach to crime and the judiciary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Approach to crime and the judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Justice Minister, Toews earned a reputation for focusing on "law and order" issues. One of his first ministerial decisions was to grant jail superintendents the right to institute complete smoking bans, impose random drug tests, and monitor prisoners' calls.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1998, Toews announced that his ministry would hire more Crown attorneys and construct more than seventy new beds for the Headingley Correctional Institution, in an attempt to incarcerate more dangerous offenders.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews also introduced legislation to make parents legally responsible for the crimes of their children. Members of the opposition New Democratic Party argued that the plan would be ineffective, citing past experiments in the United States as evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews criticized some criminal justice initiatives brought forward by the federal government of <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Jean Chrétien</a>. In 1997, he announced that Manitoba would not enforce or administer the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_gun_registry" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian gun registry">Canadian gun registry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, he described changes to the federal <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Offenders_Act" title="Young Offenders Act">Young Offenders Act</a></i> as both ineffective and too expensive.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews nonetheless cooperated with the federal government on several issues. In March 1998, he stood with federal cabinet minister <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Axworthy" title="Lloyd Axworthy">Lloyd Axworthy</a> to announce a plan discouraging court sentences for non-violent aboriginal offenders. Toews said that the proposal was "sensitive to the needs of the aboriginal community", and that it would reduce the number of repeat offenders.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews's relationship with the judiciary was sometimes difficult. In May 1998, he asked a judicial appointment committee to add two names to a list of proposed judges. Some argued that this was improper interference, while Toews stated that he acted to ensure the appointment of more bilingual judges.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, he delivered a speech to the Alberta Summit on Justice that criticized judges for intervening in political matters. He was quoted as saying that judges, unlike parliamentarians, "are not well-placed to understand and represent the social, economic and political values of the public". Some attendees criticized his speech, and a representative of the Legal Aid Society of Alberta described it as "inflammatory and sensational".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews stated on another occasion that judges have a relatively light workload. Chief Provincial Justice <a href="/wiki/Judith_Webster" title="Judith Webster">Judith Webster</a> described this as "misleading and inaccurate".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1999, Toews announced that Manitoba would accept a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> decision granting spousal benefits to same-sex couples.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_criticism">Opposition criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Opposition criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New Democrats argued that Crown offices were underfunded under Toews' watch, and suggested that the Justice Department's prosecutorial duties were compromised.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a legislative debate in June 1999, Toews accused NDP Justice Critic Gord Mackintosh of mischief for repeatedly calling the province's Street Peace gang hotline only to hang up before leaving a message. Calls to the hotline were meant to be confidential and anonymous, but Toews later acknowledged that calls from government buildings had been tracked and that he received Mackintosh's name from an employee in his department. Premier Filmon described Toews's conduct in the matter as inappropriate. During the fallout from this controversy, Toews was forced to admit that the hotline had gone unanswered for several months.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_politician">Federal politician</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Federal politician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_alignment">Party alignment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Party alignment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving provincial politics, Toews turned his attention to the federal scene and Canada's "unite-the-right" movement. He had been a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative Party of Canada</a> for decades federally. Although he did not endorse the <a href="/wiki/United_Alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="United Alternative">United Alternative</a> initiative when it was first announced in 1999, he began calling for cooperation between the Tories and the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_Canada" title="Reform Party of Canada">Reform Party of Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expressed interest in working with the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Canadian Alliance</a>, a successor to the Reform Party that sought to build support among <a href="/wiki/Blue_Tory" title="Blue Tory">Blue Tory</a> Progressive Conservatives. Toews endorsed <a href="/wiki/Tom_Long_(politician)" title="Tom Long (politician)">Tom Long</a>'s bid for the Alliance leadership in June 2000, and approved of <a href="/wiki/Brian_Pallister" title="Brian Pallister">Brian Pallister</a>'s efforts to bring the Progressive Conservatives into cooperation with the new party.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews formally joined the Alliance in the buildup to the <a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 federal election</a>, and defeated four other candidates to win the party's nomination in <a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a>, a primarily rural riding in southeastern Manitoba.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The riding was held by Liberal incumbent <a href="/wiki/David_Iftody" title="David Iftody">David Iftody</a>, but had elected conservative candidates in the past. Toews defeated Iftody with a nearly 7,000-vote margin in the general election. The Liberals won a national <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a>, and Toews was appointed as Justice Critic in the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Opposition">opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_cabinet" title="Shadow cabinet">shadow cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Canadian Alliance was weakened by internal divisions in mid-2001, with several MPs calling on party leader <a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a> to resign. Toews did not take a strong position for or against Day's leadership, but issued a call for party discipline pending a formal review.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Day resigned, Toews worked on <a href="/wiki/Grant_Hill_(politician)" title="Grant Hill (politician)">Grant Hill</a>'s unsuccessful campaign to become the new party leader.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, Toews recommended that Alliance members purchase Progressive Conservative membership cards to support the leadership bid of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Jim Prentice</a>. He denied this constituted interference, and said that members of the two parties should be encouraged to work together.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservative_MP">Conservative MP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Conservative MP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties merged to form the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a> in 2003, Toews joined the new party, and was a Manitoba organizer in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>'s successful bid to become its first elected leader.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to office in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 federal election</a> as the Liberals were reduced to a <a href="/wiki/Minority_government" title="Minority government">minority government</a>, and was retained as Justice Critic in the parliament that followed. </p><p>On January 25, 2005, Toews pleaded guilty to the charge of exceeding his personal campaign expense limits in the 1999 provincial election.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claimed that the overspending resulted from a miscommunication between his campaign and the provincial party as to how some expenses were to be accounted.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were some calls for him to resign as Justice Critic, but nothing came of this.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews received a $500 fine, and the charge remained on his record.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i> poll taken in late December 2005 showed Toews as the most popular choice to replace <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Murray" title="Stuart Murray">Stuart Murray</a> as leader of the Manitoba Progressive Conservatives. He declined to contest the position, and was returned without difficulty in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 Canadian federal election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_views">Policy views</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Policy views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As Justice Critic from 2001 to 2005, Toews frequently accused the Liberal government of being unfocused on crime issues.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He supported the Chrétien government's decision to create a national sex offender registry in 2002, but criticized the government for not making the bill retroactive to include the names of previously convicted offenders.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The non-retroactive approach followed the model of previous legislation in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. </p><p>Toews criticized some Supreme Court decisions, and on one occasion accused former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lamer" title="Antonio Lamer">Antonio Lamer</a> of overseeing a "frenzy of constitutional experimentation".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also called for official reviews of judicial appointments, arguing that the policy views of judges should be known before they take office.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2004, he delivered a speech to the National Pro-Life Conference entitled "Abuse of the Charter by the Supreme Court". In this speech, Toews criticized judicial implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Charter of Rights and Freedoms</a>, suggested that judges were implementing social policy, and called on his audience to build organizations to challenge the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews spoke favourably of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms on its twentieth anniversary in 2002, describing it as "a powerful check on the power of government to unreasonably intrude on our rights and freedoms". He also called for governments to demonstrate more willingness to use the Charter's <a href="/wiki/Section_Thirty-three_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Notwithstanding Clause</a> to overrule court decisions. Toews specifically argued that the clause should have been used to overturn a court decision that he claimed weakened Canada's <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a> laws.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The Liberal government brought forward remedial legislation to address this decision, without resorting to a Constitutional strategy.) </p><p>Initially considered a moderate within the Canadian Alliance, Toews later became known for endorsing <a href="/wiki/Social_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Social conservative">socially conservative</a> causes. He was a vocal opponent of Bill C-250 (2003), which made sexual orientation a protected category under Canada's <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a> legislation. Toews stated that the bill could restrict freedom of expression and religion, and was quoted as saying that a "homosexual activist" could sue a hotel chain to remove <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bibles</a> as hate literature.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later emerged as a prominent opponent of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_Canada" title="Same-sex marriage in Canada">same-sex marriage</a>, and suggested that changing the definition of marriage in Canada could result in polygamy being legalized.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, he launched an extended <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibuster</a> to delay committee work on the issue.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite his efforts, same-sex marriage was legalized in the summer of 2005. </p><p>During this period, Toews also argued that religious organizations should be permitted to deny <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> organizations the use of their facilities, supported increasing the age of sexual consent in Canada from fourteen to sixteen, and opposed the decriminalization of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued to oppose the federal gun registry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Minister_of_Justice">Federal Minister of Justice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Federal Minister of Justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Conservatives won a minority government in the 2006 election. On February 6, 2006, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> Stephen Harper appointed Toews to cabinet as Canada's <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice and Attorney-General</a>. </p><p>In mid-2006, Toews's department prepared draft legislation concerning religious rights and freedom of speech in relation to same-sex marriage. Some speculated that this legislation was intended to protect the "free speech" of religious leaders and others who criticize homosexual behaviour. The legislation was never brought forward.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House of Commons defeated a motion to reopen the debate on same-sex marriage in December 2006. While Toews remains personally opposed to same-sex marriage, he later indicated that the Harper government would not revisit the issue again.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late October 2006, an <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Superior_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontario Superior Court">Ontario Superior Court</a> Judge struck down a part of Canada's <i>Security of Information Act</i> as unconstitutional. This law had previously been used by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> to obtain search warrants for the home and office of Ottawa journalist <a href="/wiki/Juliet_O%27Neill" title="Juliet O'Neill">Juliet O'Neill</a>, after she received and published leaked information about <a href="/wiki/Maher_Arar" title="Maher Arar">Maher Arar</a>. In the same week, an Ottawa judge struck down as unconstitutional a section of the <i>Anti-terrorism Act</i> that defined terrorism as crime motived by religion, politics or ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews later announced that the Harper government would not appeal the O'Neill decision.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2006, Toews and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Indian_Affairs_and_Northern_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development">Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development</a> Jim Prentice announced plans to repeal Section 67 of the <i><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Human_Rights_Act" title="Canadian Human Rights Act">Canadian Human Rights Act</a></i>. The ministers argued that this provision sometimes prevented status aboriginals and on-reserve workers from registering human rights complaints, and said that its repeal would extend full rights protection to all First Nations people.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews called a judicial inquiry into the 1985 <a href="/wiki/Air_India_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Air India bombing">Air India bombing</a> in February 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He abolished the Law Commission of Canada later in the year, saying that the government would commission other agencies to do its research work.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criminal_justice">Criminal justice</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Criminal justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Gun-related crimes</b> </p><p>Toews introduced two bills in May 2006, requiring mandatory minimum prison sentences for persons convicted of gun crimes and eliminating <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a> as an option for various offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opposition parties amended the second bill in October 2006, retaining the ban on house arrests for serious violent and sexual offenders but permitting it for non-violent property offenders. NDP Justice Critic <a href="/wiki/Joe_Comartin" title="Joe Comartin">Joe Comartin</a> argued that this change addressed the legitimate concerns of Canadians, while removing what he described as "the radical, extreme over-reaction" of the Conservatives. Toews called for the bill to be passed in its original form.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2006, Toews introduced a bill to toughen bail conditions for persons accused of gun-related crimes. The bill included a "reverse-onus" clause requiring the accused to demonstrate why they should not be held in custody. <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario" title="Premier of Ontario">Ontario Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_McGuinty" title="Dalton McGuinty">Dalton McGuinty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Toronto Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Miller_(mayor_of_Toronto)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Miller (mayor of Toronto)">David Miller</a> indicated their support for the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Age of consent</b> </p><p>In June 2006, Toews introduced a <a href="/wiki/An_Act_to_amend_the_Criminal_Code_(protection_of_children_and_other_vulnerable_persons)_and_the_Canada_Evidence_Act" title="An Act to amend the Criminal Code (protection of children and other vulnerable persons) and the Canada Evidence Act">Bill C-2</a> to raise the age of sexual consent from fourteen to sixteen. The bill included an exemption for adolescents who have relations with persons no more than five years older than themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Canadian law, "sexual consent" covers all activities from kissing to intercourse. Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Cotler" title="Irwin Cotler">Irwin Cotler</a> argued that the Conservative Party was misrepresenting the issue to the Canadian public, and noted that the sexual exploitation of persons under eighteen is already illegal under Canadian law. Toews's proposed changes were supported by other interested parties, including Manitoba Justice Minister <a href="/wiki/Gord_Mackintosh" title="Gord Mackintosh">Gord Mackintosh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill became law in February 2008, over a year after Toews left the Justice portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Dangerous offender status</b> </p><p>Toews introduced a "<a href="/wiki/Three_strikes_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Three strikes law">three strikes</a>" bill to the House of Commons in October 2006, stipulating that persons found guilty of three sexual or violent crimes will be automatically categorized as dangerous offenders unless they can convince a judge otherwise. Persons labeled as dangerous offenders under Canadian law may be kept in prison indefinitely.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics argued that the proposed law was too broad in its scope, and included vaguely defined categories in its list of serious offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Civil libertarian groups also argued that the bill threatened the constitutional principle of accused persons being presumed innocent until proven guilty, and suggested that it may not withstand a court challenge. </p><p><b>Youth justice</b> </p><p>In August 2006, Toews told reporters that he was willing to consider lowering the age of criminal responsibility in Canada from twelve to ten. He indicated that his focus was on treatment rather than jail time, although he did not rule out jail sentences for ten-year-olds.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Justice Department spokesman later clarified that there were no plans to bring forward such legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2006, Toews announced plans to introduce more severe sentencing provisions under the <i><a href="/wiki/Youth_Criminal_Justice_Act" title="Youth Criminal Justice Act">Youth Criminal Justice Act</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Other</b> </p><p>In June 2006, Toews brought forward amendments to expand Canada's collection of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> samples from convicted criminals,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later proposed amendments to ensure convicted sex offenders are automatically included in this registry.<sup id="cite_ref-metronews20100318_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metronews20100318-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also confirmed that his government would arm guards at the Canada-United States border,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would not revive plans by the previous Liberal administration to decriminalize simple possession of cannabis.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MPs from all parties agreed to fast-track passage of a bill toughening penalties for street racing in November 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month, Toews introduced a bill to give the police extra powers against persons who drive while under the influence of drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Criticism">Criticism</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some provincial justice ministers expressed concern about the costs of Toews's proposed sentencing reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews acknowledged that his government's gun sentencing laws would cost $246 million per year for new prison space and $40 million for operating costs, but argued that the changes were necessary and were requested by police and provincial officials.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a> criticized Toews's approach to crime, arguing that adding thousands of people to Canada's prison system will lead to young offenders becoming hardened adult criminals, and will not make Canada safer in the long term.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Ontario Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Patrick_LeSage" title="Patrick LeSage">Patrick LeSage</a> also criticized Toews's approach to crime issues, arguing that the country was not experiencing a crime wave and did not need "draconian" laws to ensure its safety.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Judicial_appointments">Judicial appointments</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Judicial appointments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soon after he assumed office, Toews announced that public hearings would be held for the next justice appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This policy was criticized by Supreme Court Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Beverley_McLachlin" title="Beverley McLachlin">Beverley McLachlin</a> and former justice <a href="/wiki/John_Major_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Major (judge)">John Major</a>, who expressed concern that these hearings could foment the "political warfare" associated with American judicial appointments.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late February, Prime Minister Harper nominated <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rothstein" title="Marshall Rothstein">Marshall Rothstein</a> from a shortlist prepared by the previous Liberal administration. MPs were permitted to ask questions of Rothstein, although the ultimate power of appointment continued to rest with the prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rothstein was supported by Liberal members of the judicial committee, and was quickly confirmed to the bench. </p><p>In November 2006, Toews announced that police representatives would be appointed to the provincial judicial advisory committees that review the qualifications of potential judges. This proposal was widely criticized by the Canadian media and by opposition MPs, some of whom argued that Toews's intent was to stack the courts with right-wing judges.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an unprecedented move, Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin and the Canadian Judicial Council issued a statement that Toews's proposal would "compromise the independence of the Advisory Committees", and called for the minister to consult with judicial and legal representatives before making any changes.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Federation of Law Societies of Canada has also criticized Toews's plan, arguing that the government had "politicized" the judicial appointments process.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ontario Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Roy_McMurtry" title="Roy McMurtry">Roy McMurtry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_(Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General (Ontario)">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bryant_(politician)" title="Michael Bryant (politician)">Michael Bryant</a> added their opposition in early 2007, with Bryant arguing that "the forces of legal populism" were threatening to "tear asunder the basic principle of judicial independence".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews indicated that he would proceed with his changes despite the opposition, though he was removed from the Justice portfolio before the new system could be implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2007, the Conservatives appointed two powerful Ontario police union leaders to an advisory committee.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_of_the_Treasury_Board">President of the Treasury Board</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: President of the Treasury Board"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prime Minister Stephen Harper <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_shuffle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet shuffle">shuffled his cabinet</a> on January 4, 2007, and appointed Toews as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Treasury_Board_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Treasury Board (Canada)">President of the Treasury Board</a>. Some commentators argued that Toews's hardline approach to law-and-order issues was damaging the Conservative Party's image among centrist voters, and described his replacement <a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a> as presenting a more moderate image.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his first major speech after the shuffle, Toews announced increased penalties and longer jail terms for bureaucrats who commit fraud against the government.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same month, he announced that the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Wheat_Board" title="Canadian Wheat Board">Canadian Wheat Board</a> would be subject to the <i>Access to Information Act</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Treasury Board President, Toews was responsible for overseeing the <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Accountability_Act" title="Federal Accountability Act">Federal Accountability Act</a></i>, which was passed into law in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2008, he introduced a Lobbying Act to replace Canada's Lobbyists Registration Act. The new Act created a category of senior public officials called "designated public office holders", whose interactions with lobbyists would need to be reported. It also created a Commissioner of Lobbying (to replace the Registrar of Lobbyists), and increased penalties for violations.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coordinator of the group Democracy Watch was strongly critical of the changes, noting that the new rules only covered "oral and arranged communication" between ministers and government officials while exempting written correspondence and chance encounters.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Act officially became law in July 2008, it was discovered that some arranged meetings between ministers, government officials and lobbyists' clients would not have to be reported at all, if the lobbyist who arranged the meeting was not actually present. Lobbyists were not required to report such meetings, and the clients would only be required to do so if they were themselves registered under the act.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2008, Toews and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_and_Government_Services_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Works and Government Services (Canada)">Minister of Public Works</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Michael Fortier</a> announced that the Harper government would spend $10 million less on public opinion research in its next budget. This decision followed criticism that the government was spending far more on polls than the previous Liberal administrations.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews' department also shut down the Co-ordination of Access to Information Requests System (CAIRS) in April 2008. Critics argued that the system provided a vital resource for citizens attempting to investigate previously released documents. Toews argued that it was expensive, and slowed access to government information.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a June 2008 parliamentary debate, Toews described Canadian jurist <a href="/wiki/Louise_Arbour" title="Louise Arbour">Louise Arbour</a>, the retiring <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> High Commissioner for Human Rights, as a "disgrace". He indicated that he made the remarks with respect to her past statements on <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> (during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a>, Arbour argued that the killing of innocent civilians by any party could amount to <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a>). This statement was widely criticized. Liberal MP <a href="/wiki/Martha_Hall_Findlay" title="Martha Hall Findlay">Martha Hall Findlay</a> responded that Toews had taken Arbour's remarks "completely out of context", and described his comments as an "appalling" personal attack.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Claire_L%27Heureux-Dub%C3%A9" title="Claire L'Heureux-Dubé">Claire L'Heureux-Dubé</a> also criticized Toews' comments, writing that Arbour had avoided taking sides in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews was invited to speak at an event marking the 25th anniversary of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, but declined.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2007, disgraced businessman and lobbyist <a href="/wiki/Karlheinz_Schreiber" title="Karlheinz Schreiber">Karlheinz Schreiber</a> filed an affidavit in Ontario Superior Court that contained serious accusations against former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Brian_Mulroney" title="Brian Mulroney">Brian Mulroney</a>. The Canadian media subsequently reported that Justice officials had prepared a briefing note on Schreiber the previous year, while Toews was still minister. Bureaucrats indicated that neither Toews nor his successor, Rob Nicholson, had read the material. Some columnists suggested that the Conservative ministers may have intentionally avoided briefings on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minister_responsible_for_Manitoba">Minister responsible for Manitoba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Minister responsible for Manitoba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 2007, Toews indicated that the Harper government would not prioritize funding for a new football stadium proposed by Winnipeg media mogul <a href="/wiki/David_Asper" title="David Asper">David Asper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later modified his position, and announced in June 2008 that he was interested in moving forward with a revised stadium plan.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toews's public visibility declined after his reassignment as Treasury Board President, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Free_Press" title="Winnipeg Free Press">Winnipeg Free Press</a></i> reported in May 2008 that he was not playing a prominent role in discussions about the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Museum_for_Human_Rights" title="Canadian Museum for Human Rights">Canadian Museum for Human Rights</a> in Winnipeg or the proposed football stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_Minister_of_Public_Safety">Federal Minister of Public Safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Federal Minister of Public Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 19, 2010, Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Toews would replace <a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a> as the new Public Safety Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Adult_Entertainment_Association_of_Canada" title="Adult Entertainment Association of Canada">Adult Entertainment Association of Canada</a> released a statement in 2010 that the government's crackdown on <a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">sex industry</a> worker <a href="/wiki/Visa_(document)" class="mw-redirect" title="Visa (document)">visas</a> had resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Stripper" title="Stripper">stripper</a> shortage, and Toews responded by saying that the <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">strip clubs</a> that were short on strippers because of the crackdown were engaging in <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 22, 2010, Toews was <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtramagazine.com/power/did-vic-toews-kill-the-hiv-vaccine-facility-35078">accused of political interference</a> regarding the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/research-hiv-vaccine-centre-not-needed-1.974809">Conservative government’s decision to cancel plans to build an $88-million facility</a> for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/lsg-pdsv.nsf/eng/h_hn01775.html">Canadian HIV Vaccine Initiative</a> (CHVI) but managed to escape blame in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/40-3/HESA/report-7/page-18">House of Commons Standing Committee on Health report</a>. CHVI was originally launched in 2007 and its initial cornerstone was the establishment in Canada of a pilot scale HIV vaccine manufacturing facility to produce clinical trial lots. Liberal MPs on the committee accused Toews and other Conservative ministers of shirking their parliamentary duties by not appearing, while Tory MPs said a week's notice wasn't enough time for them to fit a committee meeting into their schedules. Winnipeg spent three years and  $750,000 on its bid for a new centre, expecting to employ 60 to 70 people in high-tech jobs. Had it been built, the facility would have been capable of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routineproceedings.com/2020/11/25/roundup-our-loss-of-vaccine-manufacturing-capacity/">providing a Canadian homegrown vaccine</a> for the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Over a decade later, Moderna USA proposes to fill that <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=2257315">mRNA facility</a> void and partner with local resources. </p><p>In February 2012, as Minister, Toews introduced the <i>Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act</i> (also known as Bill C-30).<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cporn_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cporn-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill, which made no mention of children or "Internet predators" outside of its title,<sup id="cite_ref-change_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-change-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> would have granted police agencies expanded powers, mandate that <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service providers</a> (ISPs) provide subscriber information without a warrant and compel providers to reveal information transmitted over their networks with a warrant. When criticised about privacy concerns, Toews responded that people "can either stand with us or with the child pornographers."<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public response followed, with an anonymous Twitter account posting personal information of Toews' court proceedings during his divorce, and around this time Conservative support appeared to back away from the bill and open up to amendments.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews later denied that he had made the "child pornographers" reference, despite his comments being available in Hansard and on video.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2013 the government announced Bill C-30 would be scrapped entirely in favor of changes in Canada's warrant-less wiretap law.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vic Toews resigned from his position on July 8, 2013 and retired from politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judicial_career">Judicial career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Judicial career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On March 7, 2014, Toews was appointed as a Judge on the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_King%27s_Bench_of_Manitoba" title="Court of King's Bench of Manitoba">Court of King's Bench of Manitoba</a> by Justice Minister <a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2015, Toews had his judicial paycheque <a href="/wiki/Garnishment" title="Garnishment">garnished</a> to pay rent he owed while he lived in <a href="/wiki/Gatineau" title="Gatineau">Gatineau</a> during his time as a federal politician. His former landlord won an order from the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_rental_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec rental board">Quebec Rental Board</a> for Toews to pay $3,900 plus interest that had been unpaid for more than a year. Toews argued that he did not understand the judicial document that had been sent to him by the collections agency because it was only written in French. However, the judge overseeing the case did not accept this argument, saying that given Toews' legal experience, including his time as Justice Minister, meant he should have been aware of the issue when receiving a judicial document marked "DÉCISION".<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2017, Toews ruled that <a href="/wiki/R_v_Jordan_(2016)" title="R v Jordan (2016)"><i>R v Jordan</i></a>'s 18-month limit before a provincial court case stayed for unreasonable delay did not apply to the speeding case he was deciding. He overturned the decision below because while the delay between the speeding incident and the day the case went to trial was exactly 18 months, the ticket was issued eight days after the speeding incident and the trial was therefore held within the 18-month limit.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethics_commissioner's_ruling_of_conflict_of_interest"><span id="Ethics_commissioner.27s_ruling_of_conflict_of_interest"></span>Ethics commissioner's ruling of conflict of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ethics commissioner's ruling of conflict of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2017, Canada's ethics commissioner found that Toews had broken the <i><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_Interest_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict of Interest Act">Conflict of Interest Act</a></i> by providing advice and meeting public officials on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Peguis_First_Nation" title="Peguis First Nation">Peguis First Nation</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Kapyong_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapyong Barracks">Kapyong Barracks</a> land transfer issue.<sup id="cite_ref-Cbc2017-11-24_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cbc2017-11-24-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Toews, then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Treasury_Board" title="President of the Treasury Board">President of the Treasury Board</a>, had approved the transfer of the barracks to the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Lands_Company" title="Canada Lands Company">Canada Lands Company</a>. The Peguis First Nation, among others, filed suit against the government and named Toews as a <a href="/wiki/Respondent" title="Respondent">respondent</a>. Toews was barred by the <i>Conflict of Interest Act</i> from acting for any other party in the case as a formerly involved cabinet minister. Toews also breached the two-year cooling off period for public office holders by consulting for <a href="/wiki/Norway_House_Cree_Nation" title="Norway House Cree Nation">Norway House Cree Nation</a> through his wife's company.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After receiving a private complaint, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Judicial_Council" title="Canadian Judicial Council">Canadian Judicial Council</a>, announced that it would review Toew's actions.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toews challenged the ethics commissioner's finding to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_(Canada)" title="Federal Court (Canada)">Federal Court of Canada</a>, which prompted the judicial council to suspend its review pending the outcome of the challenge. Toews then suspended his challenge in November 2017, saying that he wanted the judicial council proceedings to be resolved as soon as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_record">Electoral record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Electoral record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal">Federal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template talk:2011 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2011_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2011 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">27,820</td> <td style="text-align:right;">70.60</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+5.95</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$70,719.84 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Al_Mackling" title="Al Mackling">Al Mackling</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,051</td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.89</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.17</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$14,274.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Terry Hayward</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,645</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.71</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-5.86</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$25,938.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Janine Gibson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,164</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.95</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-2.84</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$210.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CC6699; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></td> <td>David Reimer</td> <td style="text-align:right;">510</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.29</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-1.95</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$8,372.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #71079F; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_of_Canada" title="Pirate Party of Canada">Pirate</a></td> <td>Ric Lim<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td style="text-align:right;">215</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td> <td style="text-align:right;">$393.24 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 39,405 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 100.0   </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> –   </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> $ 90,198.71 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 169 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 0.43 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> -0.00 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 39,574 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 61.73 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> +5.63 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 64,104 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">   </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">   </span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:black;background-color:white"> <td style="color:black;background:#6495ED; width:16px; border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <b>hold</b> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(politics)" title="Swing (politics)">Swing</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:border-top:1px solid darkgray;">+0.89 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template talk:2008 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,303</td> <td style="text-align:right;">64.65</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-1.03</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$67,419 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Ross Martin</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,947</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.72</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.01</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,406 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Shirley Hiebert</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,531</td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.57</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-3.27</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$16,369 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Janine Gibson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,089</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.79</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.02</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,093 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #CC6699; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a></td> <td>David Reimer</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,170</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.24</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$10,130 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes/expense limit </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 36,040 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 100.0   </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> –   </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> $87,213 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">156</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> 0.43</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+0.02 </span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">36,196</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">58.01</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap"> -7.04</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template talk:2006 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2006_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2006 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">25,199</td> <td style="text-align:right;">65.68</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.66</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$40,862.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Wes Penner</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,077</td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.84</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−9.08</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$75,239.46 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Patrick O'Connor</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,259</td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.71</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.70</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$2,266.71 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Janine Gibson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,830</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.77</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.72</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$87.31 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">38,365 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">157 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.41 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">−0.02</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">38,522 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">65.05 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+5.38</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Electors on the lists </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">59,216</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/OVR2006/default.html">Official Results, Elections Canada</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/webpep/fin/select_election.aspx?entity=1&lang=e">Financial Returns, Elections Canada</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template:2004 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2004_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template talk:2004 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2004_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2004 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #6495ED; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,694</td> <td style="text-align:right;">63.02</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4.99</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$70,851.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td>Peter Epp</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,975</td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.92</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−10.94</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$64,895.23 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Sarah Zaharia</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,244</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.01</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.90</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$1,472.79 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #99C955; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a></td> <td>Janine Gibson</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,100</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.05</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$480.59 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">36,013 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">155 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.43 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+0.07</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">36,168 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">59.67 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">−10.36</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Electors on the lists </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">60,617</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/OVR2004/default.html">Official Results, Elections Canada</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/webpep/fin/select_election.aspx?entity=1&lang=e">Financial Returns, Elections Canada</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template:2000 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Template talk:2000 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2000_Canadian_federal_election/Provencher" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2000 Canadian federal election/Provencher"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000 Canadian federal election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provencher" title="Provencher">Provencher</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #5F9EA0; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Alliance" title="Canadian Alliance">Alliance</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,358</td> <td style="text-align:right;">52.76</td> <td style="text-align:right;">+17.68</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$65,896.75 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Iftody" title="David Iftody">David Iftody</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">14,419</td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.62</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−4.38</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$60,917.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Canada">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td>Henry C. Dyck</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,726</td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.73</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−9.59</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$7,780.05 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a></td> <td>Peter Hiebert</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,980</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.89</td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3.71</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$210.45 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">40,483 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">100.00</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total rejected ballots </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">148 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">0.36 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">−0.10</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">40,631 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">70.03 </span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">+5.09</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Electors on the lists </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">58,020</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/37g&document=table12&lang=e#ontario">Official Results, Elections Canada</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/scripts/ecCandidates2/Default.asp?L=E&Page=ElectionMenu&EL=226">Financial Returns, Elections Canada</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial">Provincial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Provincial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1999_Manitoba_general_election/Rossmere" title="Template:1999 Manitoba general election/Rossmere"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1999_Manitoba_general_election/Rossmere" title="Template talk:1999 Manitoba general election/Rossmere"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1999_Manitoba_general_election/Rossmere" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1999 Manitoba general election/Rossmere"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1999_Manitoba_general_election" title="1999 Manitoba general election">1999 Manitoba general election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rossmere" title="Rossmere">Rossmere</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Schellenberg" title="Harry Schellenberg">Harry Schellenberg</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,097</td> <td style="text-align:right;">49.21</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.49</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$25,409.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,803</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.37</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.40</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$30,765.70 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Liberal</a></td> <td>Cecilia Connelly</td> <td style="text-align:right;">396</td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.82</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-5.49</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$766.92 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F2BA00; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Manitoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Manitoba">Libertarian</a></td> <td>Chris Buors</td> <td style="text-align:right;">62</td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.60</td> <td style="text-align:right;">–</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$353.40 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">10,358</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Rejected </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">54</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters / turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">13,102</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">79.47</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">2.39</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; background-color:#F4FFF4;color:black;">Source(s)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> Source: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFManitoba._Chief_Electoral_Officer1999" class="citation report cs1">Manitoba. Chief Electoral Officer (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electionsmanitoba.ca/downloads/1999_statvotes_foreward.pdf">Statement of Votes for the 37th Provincial General Election, September 21, 1999</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Winnipeg: Elections Manitoba.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Votes+for+the+37th+Provincial+General+Election%2C+September+21%2C+1999&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=Elections+Manitoba&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Manitoba.+Chief+Electoral+Officer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electionsmanitoba.ca%2Fdownloads%2F1999_statvotes_foreward.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Note: A subsequent investigation by Elections Manitoba found that Toews overspent by $7,500<br /> in the 1999 campaign.</i> </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:758px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1995_Manitoba_general_election/Rossmere" title="Template:1995 Manitoba general election/Rossmere"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1995_Manitoba_general_election/Rossmere" title="Template talk:1995 Manitoba general election/Rossmere"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1995_Manitoba_general_election/Rossmere" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1995 Manitoba general election/Rossmere"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1995_Manitoba_general_election" title="1995 Manitoba general election">1995 Manitoba general election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rossmere" title="Rossmere">Rossmere</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span></th> <th width="90px">Expenditures </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,318</td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.97</td> <td style="text-align:right;">14.79</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$20,855.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Schellenberg" title="Harry Schellenberg">Harry Schellenberg</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,201</td> <td style="text-align:right;">44.72</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.53</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$22,807.00 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Liberal</a></td> <td>Cecilia Connelly</td> <td style="text-align:right;">875</td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.31</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-13.63</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,262.74 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">9,394</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Rejected </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">37</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters / turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">12,235</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">77.08</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; background-color:#F4FFF4;color:black;">Source(s)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> Source: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManitoba._Chief_Electoral_Officer1999" class="citation report cs1">Manitoba. Chief Electoral Officer (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electionsmanitoba.ca/downloads/1999_statvotes_foreward.pdf">Statement of Votes for the 37th Provincial General Election, September 21, 1999</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Winnipeg: Elections Manitoba.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Votes+for+the+37th+Provincial+General+Election%2C+September+21%2C+1999&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=Elections+Manitoba&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Manitoba.+Chief+Electoral+Officer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electionsmanitoba.ca%2Fdownloads%2F1999_statvotes_foreward.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:668px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float:left;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1990_Manitoba_general_election/Elmwood" title="Template:1990 Manitoba general election/Elmwood"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1990_Manitoba_general_election/Elmwood" title="Template talk:1990 Manitoba general election/Elmwood"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1990_Manitoba_general_election/Elmwood" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1990 Manitoba general election/Elmwood"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/1990_Manitoba_general_election" title="1990 Manitoba general election">1990 Manitoba general election</a>: <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elmwood_(electoral_district)" title="Elmwood (electoral district)">Elmwood</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2 style=" bgcolor="">Party </th> <th width="250px">Candidate </th> <th width="48px">Votes</th> <th width="43px">%</th> <th width="52px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #F4A460; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Manitoba" title="New Democratic Party of Manitoba">New Democratic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jim_Maloway" title="Jim Maloway">Jim Maloway</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,127</td> <td style="text-align:right;">46.98</td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.77 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #9999FF; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba">Progressive Conservative</a></td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,035</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.55</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.19 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; background-color: #EA6D6A; width: 16px;"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba_Liberal_Party" title="Manitoba Liberal Party">Liberal</a></td> <td>Ed Price</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,623</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.47</td> <td style="text-align:right;">-17.53 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Total valid votes </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">8,785</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Rejected </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">35</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">–</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:white;color:black;"> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;">Eligible voters / turnout </td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">12,313</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">71.63</span></td> <td style="text-align:right;border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><span class="nowrap">3.65</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="border-top:1px solid darkgray;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; background-color:#F4FFF4;color:black;">Source(s)</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> Source: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManitoba._Chief_Electoral_Officer1999" class="citation report cs1">Manitoba. Chief Electoral Officer (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electionsmanitoba.ca/downloads/1999_statvotes_foreward.pdf">Statement of Votes for the 37th Provincial General Election, September 21, 1999</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Winnipeg: Elections Manitoba.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Statement+of+Votes+for+the+37th+Provincial+General+Election%2C+September+21%2C+1999&rft.place=Winnipeg&rft.pub=Elections+Manitoba&rft.date=1999&rft.au=Manitoba.+Chief+Electoral+Officer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electionsmanitoba.ca%2Fdownloads%2F1999_statvotes_foreward.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All electoral information is taken from <a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elections_Manitoba" title="Elections Manitoba">Elections Manitoba</a>. Provincial election expenditures refer to individual candidate expenses. Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gameo.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gameo.org_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gameo.org_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gameo.org_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/toews_victor_david_1918_1993"><i>Toews, Victor David 1918-1993, Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121006064955/http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/toews_victor_david_1918_1993">Archived</a> October 6, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved May 5, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=ab143dd3-e5b4-43fc-bc61-1279f1c395e9&Language=E&Section=ALL"><i>Vic Toews, Parliament of Canada</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121018083235/http://www.parl.gc.ca/parlinfo/Files/Parliamentarian.aspx?Item=ab143dd3-e5b4-43fc-bc61-1279f1c395e9&Language=E&Section=ALL">Archived</a> October 18, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved April 24, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Toews,_Victor_David_(1918-1993)">"Toews, Victor David (1918-1993) - GAMEO"</a>. <i>gameo.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171110010702/http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Toews,_Victor_David_(1918-1993)">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=722da8b0-7ba2-4e36-aca6-761a932264b0">the original</a> on November 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=canada.com&rft.atitle=Vic+Toews%3A+Election-law+violator+becomes+top+lawmaker&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Ottawa+Citizen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fottawacitizen%2Fnews%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D722da8b0-7ba2-4e36-aca6-761a932264b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabson2012" class="citation news cs1">Rabson, Mia (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/lot-of-hot-air-under-glass-dome-117045013.html">"Lot of hot air under glass dome - Winnipeg Free Press"</a>. <i>winnipegfreepress.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022031710/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/lot-of-hot-air-under-glass-dome-117045013.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=winnipegfreepress.com&rft.atitle=Lot+of+hot+air+under+glass+dome+-+Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Rabson&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Flocal%2Flot-of-hot-air-under-glass-dome-117045013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was also given responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Act_(Manitoba_ministry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service Act (Manitoba ministry)">Civil Service Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Superannuation_Act_(Manitoba_ministry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service Superannuation Act (Manitoba ministry)">Civil Service Superannuation Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_Special_Supplementary_Severance_Benefit_Act_(Manitoba_ministry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Service Special Supplementary Severance Benefit Act (Manitoba ministry)">Civil Service Special Supplementary Severance Benefit Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Servants_Insurance_Act_(Manitoba_ministry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Servants Insurance Act (Manitoba ministry)">Public Servants Insurance Act</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Workers_Compensation_Act_(Manitoba_ministry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Workers Compensation Act (Manitoba ministry)">Workers Compensation Act</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/business/hansard/36th_1st/vol2/h002_3.html">Manitoba Hansard, "Orders of the Day", 36th parliament, Second day of Throne Speech Debate.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073604/http://www.gov.mb.ca/legislature/business/hansard/36th_1st/vol2/h002_3.html">Archived</a> April 7, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Toews was quoted as saying, "Having been influenced by the social concerns articulated by leaders in the social democratic movement and by my late father, Reverend Victor Toews, a minister of the Mennonite Brethren Church in Rossmere, my political philosophies may not square in all respects with what political scientists consider to be within the mainstream of Progressive Conservatism."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul McKie, "Labour leaders withhold judgment", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, January 28, 1997, B9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul McKie, "Strike funds secret", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, May 27, 1996, A4; Alice Krueger, "PCs plan to raise pay veil", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, December 6, 1995, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alice Krueger, "Union workers can say no", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, April 13, 1996, A4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alice Krueger, "Home care plan deserts workers", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, April 18, 1996, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Tories agenda for '96", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, December 31, 1996, A8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Samyn, "Tories kill wage life raft", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, July 3, 1996, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alice Krueger, "Corrections crackdown called minor tinkering", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, January 29, 1997, A4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Kuxhaus, "Tories to keep more offenders behind bars", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, August 15, 1998, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Law holds Manitoba parents responsible for kids' crimes", <i>Toronto Star</i>, September 23, 1997, A2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In early 1998, the Filmon government proclaimed a Victims' Rights Act. See "Victims' rights better protected with proclamation of new Act", Manitoba government publication, January 11, 1998. Both the Justice Ministry and the opposition New Democrats subsequently endorsed the principle of a Victims' Bill of Rights, which was passed into law later in the year. See David Kuxhaus, "NDP pushing for victims' bill of rights", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, March 3, 1998, A7. See also "Victim Impact Statement Program introduced", Manitoba government document, September 22, 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alice Krueger, "Manitoba blanks gun-control law", April 25, 1997, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Kuxhaus, "New YOA ineffective, too costly, Toews says", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, June 9, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Rollason, "Natives get new justice", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, March 10, 1998, A1. He later supported a proposal for the integration of an aboriginal healing lodge into the provincial prison system. See John Lyons, "Justice minister likes idea of aboriginal healing lodge", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, October 16, 1998, A6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Roberts, "Manitoba bar raps justice minister", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, May 8, 1998, A17. The appointment ultimately went to a bilingual judge with connections to the Progressive Conservative Party. See Paul Samyn, "War with judges no-brainer for Toews", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, November 12, 2006, A9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carol Harrington, "Manitoba minister riles justice conference", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, January 30, 1999, A16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul McKie, "Top judge takes shot at justice boss", June 10, 1999, City Page.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Samyn, "Manitoba to follow same-sex", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, May 21, 1999, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doug Nairne and David Kuxhaus, "Manitoba crushing Crowns", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, June 7, 1998, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Douglas Nairne, "Filmon calls Toews' actions 'inappropriate'", June 22, 1999, City Page.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bud Robertson, "Toews decides to play wait-and-see with unite-the-right movements", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, February 15, 1999, A6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Samyn, "Long borrows Tory office for mailout", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, June 18, 2000, A1; David Kuxhaus, "Pallister continues hunt for way to unite the right", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, July 27, 2000, A8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen Fallding, "Ex-PC Toews wins Alliance bid", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, October 31, 2000, A1. The other candidates were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Rempel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Rempel (page does not exist)">Roy Rempel</a>, Calvin Vaags, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Simard" class="mw-redirect" title="Denis Simard">Denis Simard</a> and Henry Beaumont.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greg Joyce, "Canadian Alliance Leader Stockwell Day announces shadow cabinet", <i>Canadian Press</i>, January 5, 2001, 17:57 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Samyn, "Alliance revolt escalates", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, May 16, 2001, B1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Cheadle, "Day stepping down as Alliance leader", <i>Canadian Press</i>, December 11, 2001, 18:24 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Curry and Sheldon Alberts, "MP calls on party to join with Tories", <i>National Post</i>, March 8, 2003, A12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel Lett, "Stronach firing up the right", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, January 22, 2004, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Helen Fallding, "Toews charged in election financing", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, December 5, 2001, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Kuxhaus, "Toews guilty of overspending in provincial election", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, January 26, 2005, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Panetta, "Liberals demand resignation of Tory critic who broke election rules", <i>Canadian Press</i>, January 26, 2005, 21:36 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Toews fined for breaking election rule", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, February 5, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mia Rabson, "Toews, Pallister for Murray's job: poll", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, December 27, 2005, B2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, Tonda MacCharles, "Liberal bill to reform Young Offenders Act", <i>Toronto Star</i>, February 6, 2001, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mia Rabson, "Convicted pedophiles will have to enter their addresses", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, February 14, 2002, A5; Sue Bailey, "Sex offender registry law introduced", <i>Canadian Press</i>, December 11, 2002, 18:53 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janice Tibbetts, "Lamer attacks Alliance 'yelping'", <i>National Post</i>, April 14, 2001, A01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nahlah Ayed, "Charter at 20 still brews a storm in Canadian politics as it did at birth", <i>Canadian Press</i>, April 11, 2002, 16:07 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frances Russell, "Toews is Conservatives' weak link", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, February 8, 2006, A13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luiza Chwialkowska, "Charter's anniversary stokes familiar debate: Courts v. Parliament", <i>National Post</i>, April 18, 2002, A04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharon Boase, "Protection of gays pits the Bible vs. Bill C-250", <i>Hamilton Spectator</i>, February 8, 2003, A01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sandra Cordon, "Gays, lesbians slam Ottawa for appeal of same-sex marriage ruling", <i>Canadian Press</i>, July 29, 2002, 16:31 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Parties may unite to end Conservative same-sex filibuster", <i>Edmonton Journal</i>, May 30, 2005, A5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Samyn, "Pot bill fate confronts lethal mix of dissent", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, May 29, 2003, A11; Helen Fallding, "Camp should have right to deny gays: Alliance MP", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, November 22, 2002, A5, "Drawing the line at 16", <i>National Post</i>, March 11, 2005, A18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Curry, "Tories drafted law on religious rights", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, April 2, 2007, A7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gloria Galloway, "Same-sex marriage file closed for good, PM says", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, December 8, 2006, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don Butler, "Security law violates charter, judge rules", <i>Montreal Gazette</i>, October 20, 2006, A12; Ian Macleod, "Anti-terror law suffers new setback", October 25, 2006, A4; Alex Dobrota and Gloria Galloway, "Portion of law on terror struck down", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, October 25, 2006, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian MacLeod, "Ottawa won't appeal anti-terror law ruling", <i>National Post</i>, November 4, 2006, A2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Introduction of legislation to repeal Section 67 of the Canadian Human Rights Act" [media advisory], <i>Canada NewsWire</i>, December 13, 2006, 05:16; "Canada's new Government introduces legislation to strengthen human rights protection for Aboriginal Canadians", <i>Canada NewsWire</i>, December 13, 2006, 10:19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Air India inquiry will go ahead: report", <i>Edmonton Journal</i>, March 1, 2006, A5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Toews defends turfing law commission", <i>Edmonton Journal</i>, November 7, 2006, A7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[During Toews tenure as Minister of Public Safety, Mark Holland the Liberal Opposition critic stated that the CBSA should be subject to independent oversight, something that Toews has not advocated or sought to legislate. Toews did not comment for the story when requested by the media or the family of the alleged victim. This was highlighted in the case of a young woman alleging sexual abuse, that her family felt was not properly investigated. Mark Holland stated, “It's like a black hole that people fall through all the time,” he said the case highlights the need for greater transparency and independence in CBSA's complaints process.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scott Deveau, "Crime bill sets mandatory minimum sentences", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, May 4, 2006 (breaking news); See Jeffrey Simpson, "The real crime's the Tories' take on sentencing", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, May 5, 2006, A25; Dan Gardner, "Tories have 'faith' in get-tough gun sentences, but no evidence they'll work", <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, May 11, 2006, A1. See Jim Brown, "New sentencing rules will put more criminals in jail, at hefty cost", <i>Canadian Press</i>, May 4, 2006, 13:14 report [Day].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Brown, "Tory crime-fighting bill gutted by combined opposition forces", <i>Canadian Press</i>, October 24, 2006, 16:11 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janice Tibbetts, "Harper to announce gun-crime bill in Toronto", <i>National Post</i>, November 23, 2006, A16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janice Tibbetts, "Tory bill makes exceptions for teen romance", <i>Montreal Gazette</i>, June 2, 2006, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Tory government to raise age of consent to 16 to target sex predators", <i>Canadian Press</i>, February 7, 2006, 21:31 report. See also <a href="/wiki/Kate_Heartfield" title="Kate Heartfield">Kate Heartfield</a>, "Age, sex, consent -- and the facts", <i>Vancouver Sun</i>, February 21, 2006, A11; "The age of consent" [editorial], <i>Globe and Mail</i>, April 21, 2006, A20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mia Rabson, "New crime bill is now law, after 2 years", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, February 29, 2008, A8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janice Tibbetts, "Three-strike law will start Tory attack on crime", <i>Montreal Gazette</i>, September 21, 2006, A12; Chris Wattie, "PM pushes three-strikes law", <i>Montreal Gazette</i>, October 13, 2006, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jim Brown, "Three-strike legislation draws heat from critics", <i>Toronto Star</i>, October 18, 2006, A8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tracey Tyler, "Minister: Goal is treatment, not jail", <i>Toronto Star</i>, August 15, 2006, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Panetta, "Toews retreats on kid convicts", <i>Calgary Herald</i>, August 16, 2006, A4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janice Tibbetts, "Young offenders to face tougher treatment", <i>Vancouver Sun</i>, October 18, 2006, A4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Federal justice minister proposes changes to national DNA databank", <i>Canadian Press</i>, June 9, 2006, 19:52 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metronews20100318-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-metronews20100318_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tracey Tong, "Reining in sex offenders", <i>Metro news</i>, March 18, 2010 front page article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Border guards renew call to carry guns", <i>Edmonton Journal</i>, February 12, 2006, A7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Conservatives not interested in relaxing marijuana laws", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, March 8, 2006, A11; Peter Edwards, "Police crack down on marijuana users", <i>Toronto Star</i>, April 3, 2006, A1. Arrests for cannabis possession were reported to have increased following the Conservative Party's 2006 victory.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter O'Neil, "MPs speed passage of anti-racing laws", <i>Vancouver Sun</i>, November 2, 2006, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carly Weeks, "New legislation 'unfairly targets marijuana users'", <i>Vancouver Sun</i>, November 23, 2006, A9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"New tough-on-crime laws will require new funding", <i>Kitchener-Waterloo Record</i>, October 14, 2006, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Tougher gun laws will mean $246 million needed for new prison space: minister", <i>Canadian Press</i>, November 7, 2006, 17:19 report.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bartley_Kives" title="Bartley Kives">Bartley Kives</a>, "Ignatieff targets Toews on crime", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, October 31, 2006, B1. Ignatieff was quoted as saying, "If the net effect of (federal Justice Minister) Vic Toews' criminal justice measures is to add 3,000 or 4,000 people to the federal prison system in Canada, then a whole bunch more to the provincial system, can we honestly say we're going to be safer?"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tracey Tyler, "There is no crime epidemic, says former chief justice", <i>Toronto Star</i>, November 4, 2006, A23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Delacourt and Sean Gordon, "Shock and awe, Tory style", <i>Toronto Star</i>, February 7, 2006, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janice Tibbetts, "Public scrutiny of nominees risks 'warfare': former judge", <i>National Post</i>, February 8, 2006, A5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terry Weber, "Rothstein tapped as Supreme Court nominee", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, February 23, 2006 (Breaking News).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The judges were right to slam Toews's plan" [editorial], <i>Globe and Mail</i>, November 13, 2006, A18; "Justice seen to be done", <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, November 14, 2006, A14; "Toews should at least be honest about his attacks on judicial independence" [editorial], <i>Vancouver Sun</i>, November 14, 2006, A14; "Ottawa's justice fiasco" [editorial], <i>Toronto Star</i>, November 15, 2006, A22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirk Makin, "Top judges rebuke Tories", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, November 10, 2006, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kirk Makin, "Senior lawyers criticize Toews", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, November 16, 2006, A10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Meddling with courts", <i>Toronto Star</i>, January 12, 2007, A18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alex Dobrota, "Lawyers want minister to review plan allowing police to help select judges", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, January 12, 2007, A4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Duncanson, "Police officers on panels picking judges seen as 'political' move", <i>Toronto Star</i>, January 22, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Coyne" title="Andrew Coyne">Andrew Coyne</a>, "The man sent to kill the issue: Baird posting is all about appearances", <i>National Post</i>, January 5, 2007, A1; Paul Vieira, "Nicholson is New Face Of Law And Order: Likely to be more Moderate Than outgoing Toews", <i>National Post</i>, January 5, 2007, A5. Generally, opposition parties often complained that Toews's proposed reforms were too ideological and confrontational. Only two of Toews's bills were passed by parliament during his tenure as Justice Minister. See Paul Vieira, "Nicholson is New Face Of Law And Order: Likely to be more Moderate Than outgoing Toews", <i>National Post</i>, January 5, 2007, A5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathryn May, "MPs consider perjury charges for sponsorship witnesses", <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, February 8, 2007, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Agents of Parliament, Canadian Wheat board and foundations brought under Access to Information" [press release], <i>Canada NewsWire</i>, February 22, 2007, 09:30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathryn May, "Toews' appointment 'scary thought' for PS: Get-tough approach worries bureaucrats", <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, January 5, 2007, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Allen, "New lobby rules mean more work for lawyers", <i>Globe and Mail</i>, August 13, 2008, B5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew Mayeda, "Tories introduce new reporting rules for lobbyists; Must detail meetings with public officials, but not correspondence", <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, January 5, 2008, A5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Tim Naumetz, "Major loophole in new federal lobbying law even surprises lobbyists", <i>Canadian Press</i>, August 18, 2008, 2:45 pm.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Conservatives promise to cut spending on federal polls and surveys", <i>Canadian Press</i>, February 13, 2008, 18:22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Cheadle, "Expert cited by PM questions how Tories tracking info now that registry dead", <i>Canadian Press</i>, May 5, 2008, 17:07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tonda MacCharles, "Tory minister's comment on jurist slammed", <i>Toronto Star</i>, June 18, 2008, A15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claire L'Heureux-Dubé, "A disgraceful attack; It is shameful that a federal cabinet minister would make an unwarranted verbal assault on one of Canada's most accomplished citizens, Louise Arbour", <i>Ottawa Citizen</i>, June 21, 2008, B7. See also Bob Hepburn, "The snubbing of a <a href="/wiki/Canadians" title="Canadians">Canadian</a> hero", <i>Toronto Star</i>, June 26, 2008, A4; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawtimesnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4246&Itemid=82">William M. Trudel, "Louise Arbour: a colleague we have failed"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225042611/http://www.lawtimesnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4246&Itemid=82">Archived</a> December 25, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Law Times</i>, September 22, 2008, October 3, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janice Tibbetts, "Conservatives skip out on Charter events", <i>Montreal Gazette</i>, April 11, 2007, A4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/subscriber/columnists/top3/story/4076815p-4677130c.html">Dan Lett, "Minister needs to answer some dreaded questions"</a>, <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, November 14, 2007; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/canada/story/4076888p-4677105c.html">Mia Rabson, "Toews dragged into scandal: Resurgence of Airbus affair puts Tories in hot seat"</a>, <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, November 14, 2007; "Conservative ministers may have intentionally avoided Airbus briefings", <i>Canadian Press</i>, November 8, 2007, D7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Agnes Welch, "Get ball rolling on stadium: Doer", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, December 7, 2007, A3. The Winnipeg media subsequently reported that <a href="/wiki/Joy_Smith" title="Joy Smith">Joy Smith</a>, a Conservative MP from Winnipeg, opposed Toews on this matter. See Daniel Lett, "Is Toews part of the problem?", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, January 8, 2008, A3. Smith denied that she in Toews were in disagreement. See Joy Smith, "I agree with Vic Toews" [letter], <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, January 9, 2008, A10. See also Allan MacLeod, "MP spoke out of turn" [letter], <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, January 12, 2008, A18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartley Kives, "Toews' touchdown pass? Feds open to funding downtown site over Polo Park", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, June 21, 2008, A1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Agnes Welch, "Political futures spur debate Legislature abuzz over Toews, Maloway", <i>Winnipeg Free Press</i>, May 16, 2008, A3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/harper-moves-10-in-cabinet-shakeup-1.761446">"Harper moves 10 in cabinet shakeup"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. January 19, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100121033428/http://www.cbc.ca/politics/story/2010/01/19/politics-cabinet-shuffle.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Harper+moves+10+in+cabinet+shakeup&rft.date=2010-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fharper-moves-10-in-cabinet-shakeup-1.761446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/2010/11/29/ottawa-cracks-down-on-stripper-visas/">"Ottawa cracks down on stripper visas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LEGISinfo&rft.atitle=Protecting+Children+from+Internet+Predators+Act&rft.date=2012-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parl.gc.ca%2FLegisInfo%2FBillDetails.aspx%3FLanguage%3DE%26Mode%3D1%26billId%3D5375610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cporn-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cporn_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbbitson2012" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Ibbitson" title="John Ibbitson">Ibbitson, John</a> (February 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-on-e-snooping-stand-with-us-or-with-the-child-pornographers/article545799/">"Tories on e-snooping: 'Stand with us or with the child pornographers'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307182414/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-on-e-snooping-stand-with-us-or-with-the-child-pornographers/article545799/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Tories+on+e-snooping%3A+%27Stand+with+us+or+with+the+child+pornographers%27&rft.date=2012-02-13&rft.aulast=Ibbitson&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftories-on-e-snooping-stand-with-us-or-with-the-child-pornographers%2Farticle545799%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-change-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-change_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/online-surveillance-bill-could-change-harper-signals-1.1150295"><i>Online surveillance bill could change, Harper signals</i></a>, CBC.ca, February 15, 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120221173357/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2012/02/15/pol-online-surveillance-amendments.html">archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Online+surveillance+bill+could+change%2C+Harper+signals&rft.pub=CBC.ca&rft.date=2012-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fonline-surveillance-bill-could-change-harper-signals-1.1150295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Pub=hansard&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=41&Ses=1&DocId=5380035#Para2686364">"41st Parliament, 1st Session"</a>. <i>Edited Hansard</i>. <b>079</b>. 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February 15, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218234247/http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/arts-and-life/life/sci_tech/online-surveillance-bill-teaches-tories-tough-social-media-lesson-139400538.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 18, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press+%3D&rft.atitle=Online+surveillance+bill+teaches+Tories+tough+social-media+lesson&rft.date=2012-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Farts-and-life%2Flife%2Fsci_tech%2Fonline-surveillance-bill-teaches-tories-tough-social-media-lesson-139400538.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/2012/02/15/vic-toews-denies-himself/">"Vic Toews denies himself"</a>. <i>Macleans.ca =</i>. February 15, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macleans.ca+%3D&rft.atitle=Vic+Toews+denies+himself&rft.date=2012-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2F2012%2F02%2F15%2Fvic-toews-denies-himself%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Canadian_Press2013" class="citation web cs1">The Canadian Press (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leaderpost.com/news/Conservatives+scrapping+Bill/7949542/story.html">"Conservatives scrapping controversial Internet surveillance bill"</a>. <i>leaderpost.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2013</span>. <q>Canada's warrantless wiretap law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=leaderpost.com&rft.atitle=Conservatives+scrapping+controversial+Internet+surveillance+bill&rft.date=2013&rft.au=The+Canadian+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleaderpost.com%2Fnews%2FConservatives%2Bscrapping%2BBill%2F7949542%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlison_Crawford2014" class="citation web cs1">Alison Crawford (March 7, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/vic-toews-appointed-judge-in-manitoba-1.2563974">"Vic Toews appointed judge in Manitoba"</a>. CBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326233934/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/vic-toews-appointed-judge-in-manitoba-1.2563974">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vic+Toews+appointed+judge+in+Manitoba&rft.pub=CBC+News&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft.au=Alison+Crawford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fvic-toews-appointed-judge-in-manitoba-1.2563974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaFine2015" class="citation news cs1">Ha, Tu Thanh; Fine, Sean (March 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/vic-toews-judge-and-former-tory-minister-fights-salary-seizure-over-late-rent/article23635808/">"Pay of judge, former Tory minister Toews' withheld over back rent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422134147/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/vic-toews-judge-and-former-tory-minister-fights-salary-seizure-over-late-rent/article23635808/">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Pay+of+judge%2C+former+Tory+minister+Toews%27+withheld+over+back+rent&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft.aulast=Ha&rft.aufirst=Tu+Thanh&rft.au=Fine%2C+Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fvic-toews-judge-and-former-tory-minister-fights-salary-seizure-over-late-rent%2Farticle23635808%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlowacki2017" class="citation news cs1">Glowacki, Laura (March 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/court-delay-decision-manitoba-1.4013802">"Manitoba judge overturns precedent-setting decision on traffic ticket delays"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422062412/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/court-delay-decision-manitoba-1.4013802">Archived</a> from the original on April 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Manitoba+judge+overturns+precedent-setting+decision+on+traffic+ticket+delays&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft.aulast=Glowacki&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fcourt-delay-decision-manitoba-1.4013802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R v Grant, 2017 MBQB 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cbc2017-11-24-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cbc2017-11-24_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/vic-toews-ethics-commission-challenge-1.4417489">"Manitoba Judge Vic Toews drops court challenge of ethics commissioner ruling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. November 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2018</span>. <q>Federal ethics commissioner Mary Dawson ruled in April that Toews violated the Act when he received money for consulting services he performed just after leaving office in July 2013.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Manitoba+Judge+Vic+Toews+drops+court+challenge+of+ethics+commissioner+ruling&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fvic-toews-ethics-commission-challenge-1.4417489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2017" class="citation news cs1">Harris, Kathleen (April 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/toews-ethics-conflict-rules-1.4079782">"Vic Toews broke conflict of interest rules after leaving office, ethics commissioner rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421214256/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/toews-ethics-conflict-rules-1.4079782">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Vic+Toews+broke+conflict+of+interest+rules+after+leaving+office%2C+ethics+commissioner+rules&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ftoews-ethics-conflict-rules-1.4079782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2017" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Donna (April 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/vic-toews-canadian-judicial-council-1.4082862?cmp=rss">"Vic Toews to face Canadian Judicial Council review over conflict-of-interest allegations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170424171522/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/vic-toews-canadian-judicial-council-1.4082862?cmp=rss">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Vic+Toews+to+face+Canadian+Judicial+Council+review+over+conflict-of-interest+allegations&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fvic-toews-canadian-judicial-council-1.4082862%3Fcmp%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/vic-toews-ethics-commission-challenge-1.4417489">"Manitoba Judge Vic Toews drops court challenge of ethics commissioner ruling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. November 24, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171125215110/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/vic-toews-ethics-commission-challenge-1.4417489">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Manitoba+Judge+Vic+Toews+drops+court+challenge+of+ethics+commissioner+ruling&rft.date=2017-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmanitoba%2Fvic-toews-ethics-commission-challenge-1.4417489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPirate_Party_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Pirate Party of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pirateparty.ca/about/candidates">"Candidates"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Candidates&rft.au=Pirate+Party+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pirateparty.ca%2Fabout%2Fcandidates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVic+Toews" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ToewsVic">@ToewsVic</a> Tweets</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcommons.ca/Parliamentarians/en/members/profileredirect?affiliationId=170603">Profile</a> at <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=1217">Vic Toews – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openparliament.ca/politicians/vic-toews/">Speeches, votes and activity</a> at OpenParliament.ca</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Justice_and_Attorneys_General" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Justice_and_Attorneys_General" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Justice_and_Attorneys_General" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General"><abbr 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Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine-Aim%C3%A9_Dorion" title="Antoine-Aimé Dorion">Dorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_James_Smith" title="Albert James Smith">Smith</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9lesphore_Fournier" title="Télesphore Fournier">Fournier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Blake" title="Edward Blake">Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Laflamme" title="Rodolphe Laflamme">Laflamme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sparrow_David_Thompson" title="John Sparrow David Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hibbert_Tupper" title="Charles Hibbert Tupper">Tupper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mayne_Daly" title="Thomas Mayne Daly">Daly</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rupert_Dickey" title="Arthur Rupert Dickey">Dickey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Mowat" title="Oliver Mowat">Mowat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mills_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Mills (Canadian politician)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fitzpatrick" title="Charles Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Bristol_Aylesworth" title="Allen Bristol Aylesworth">Aylesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Doherty" title="Charles Doherty">Doherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lomer_Gouin" title="Lomer Gouin">Gouin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lapointe" title="Ernest Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esioff-L%C3%A9on_Patenaude" title="Esioff-Léon Patenaude">Patenaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lapointe" title="Ernest Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Guthrie" title="Hugh Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reginald_Geary" title="George Reginald Geary">Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lapointe" title="Ernest Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph-Enoil_Michaud" title="Joseph-Enoil Michaud">Michaud</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lorimer_Ilsley" title="James Lorimer Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_St._Laurent" title="Louis St. Laurent">St. Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Garson" title="Stuart Garson">Garson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davie_Fulton" title="Davie Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Fleming" title="Donald Fleming">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Chevrier" title="Lionel Chevrier">Chevrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Favreau" title="Guy Favreau">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McIlraith" title="George McIlraith">McIlraith</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Cardin" title="Lucien Cardin">Cardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Turner" title="John Turner">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang" title="Otto Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Basford" title="Ron Basford">Basford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Lang" title="Otto Lang">Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Flynn" title="Jacques Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_MacGuigan" title="Mark MacGuigan">MacGuigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Johnston" title="Don Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crosbie" title="John Crosbie">Crosbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hnatyshyn" title="Ray Hnatyshyn">Hnatyshyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Clark" title="Joe Clark">Clark</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lewis_(politician)" title="Doug Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Blais" title="Pierre Blais">Blais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Rock" title="Allan Rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McLellan" title="Anne McLellan">McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Cauchon" title="Martin Cauchon">Cauchon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Cotler" title="Irwin Cotler">Cotler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lametti" title="David Lametti">Lametti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Virani" title="Arif Virani">Virani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Treasury_Board" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link 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of the Treasury Board</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Benson" title="Edgar Benson">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Drury" title="Charles Drury">Drury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Chr%C3%A9tien" title="Jean Chrétien">Chrétien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Andras" title="Bob Andras">Andras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judd_Buchanan" title="Judd Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Stevens" title="Sinclair Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Johnston" title="Don Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herb_Gray" title="Herb Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Mazankowski" title="Don Mazankowski">Mazankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Carney" title="Pat Carney">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Lewis_(politician)" title="Doug Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Cotret" title="Robert de Cotret">Cotret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Loiselle" title="Gilles Loiselle">Loiselle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Edwards_(Canadian_politician)" title="Jim Edwards (Canadian politician)">Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Eggleton" title="Art Eggleton">Eggleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mass%C3%A9" title="Marcel Massé">Massé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucienne_Robillard" title="Lucienne Robillard">Robillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Alcock" title="Reg Alcock">Alcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">Baird</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Brison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Qualtrough</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Murray" title="Joyce Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mona_Fortier" title="Mona Fortier">Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Anand" title="Anita Anand">Anand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_(2006–2015)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Harper_Ministry" title="Template:Harper Ministry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Harper_Ministry" title="Template talk:Harper Ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Harper_Ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Harper Ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_Prime_Minister_Stephen_Harper_(2006–2015)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/28th_Canadian_Ministry" title="28th Canadian Ministry">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Stephen_Harper" title="Premiership of Stephen Harper">2006–2015</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Ablonczy" title="Diane Ablonczy">Diane Ablonczy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Aglukkaq" title="Leona Aglukkaq">Leona Aglukkaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Alexander_(politician)" title="Chris Alexander (politician)">Chris Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Ashfield" title="Keith Ashfield">Keith Ashfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Baird (Canadian politician)">John Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candice_Bergen_(politician)" title="Candice Bergen (politician)">Candice Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blackburn" title="Jean-Pierre Blackburn">Jean-Pierre Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Blaney" title="Steven Blaney">Steven Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Cannon" title="Lawrence Cannon">Lawrence Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Chong" title="Michael Chong">Michael Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Tony Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockwell_Day" title="Stockwell Day">Stockwell Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Duncan_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Duncan (Canadian politician)">John Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Emerson" title="David Emerson">David Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Julian Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Fast" title="Ed Fast">Ed Fast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry-Lynne_Findlay" title="Kerry-Lynne Findlay">Kerry-Lynne Findlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Finley" title="Diane Finley">Diane Finley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Flaherty" title="Jim Flaherty">Jim Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Fletcher_(politician)" title="Steven Fletcher (politician)">Steven Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Fortier" title="Michael Fortier">Michael Fortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelly_Glover" title="Shelly Glover">Shelly Glover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Goodyear" title="Gary Goodyear">Gary Goodyear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gosal" title="Bal Gosal">Bal Gosal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Guergis" title="Helena Guergis">Helena Guergis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_Hearn" title="Loyola Hearn">Loyola Hearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Hill_(politician)" title="Jay Hill (politician)">Jay Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Holder" title="Ed Holder">Ed Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kenney" title="Jason Kenney">Jason Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kent" title="Peter Kent">Peter Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Lebel" title="Denis Lebel">Denis Lebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_LeBreton" title="Marjory LeBreton">Marjory LeBreton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellie_Leitch" title="Kellie Leitch">Kellie Leitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_MacKay" title="Peter MacKay">Peter MacKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Menzies" title="Ted Menzies">Ted Menzies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Merrifield" title="Rob Merrifield">Rob Merrifield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Moore_(Canadian_politician)" title="James Moore (Canadian politician)">James Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Moore_(politician)" title="Rob Moore (politician)">Rob Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Nicholson" title="Rob Nicholson">Rob Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_O%27Connor" title="Gordon O'Connor">Gordon O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bev_Oda" title="Bev Oda">Bev Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Oliver_(politician)" title="Joe Oliver (politician)">Joe Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">Erin O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Paradis" title="Christian Paradis">Christian Paradis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Penashue" title="Peter Penashue">Peter Penashue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Poilievre" title="Pierre Poilievre">Pierre Poilievre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Prentice" title="Jim Prentice">Jim Prentice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Raitt" title="Lisa Raitt">Lisa Raitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Rempel_Garner" title="Michelle Rempel Garner">Michelle Rempel Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Rickford" title="Greg Rickford">Greg Rickford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Ritz" title="Gerry Ritz">Gerry Ritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gail_Shea" title="Gail Shea">Gail Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Skelton" title="Carol Skelton">Carol Skelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Solberg" title="Monte Solberg">Monte Solberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Sorenson" title="Kevin Sorenson">Kevin Sorenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Strahl" title="Chuck Strahl">Chuck Strahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Thompson" title="Greg Thompson">Greg Thompson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vic Toews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Uppal" title="Tim Uppal">Tim Uppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Valcourt" title="Bernard Valcourt">Bernard Valcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Loan" title="Peter Van Loan">Peter Van Loan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9e_Verner" title="Josée Verner">Josée Verner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong" title="Alice Wong">Alice Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynne_Yelich" title="Lynne Yelich">Lynne Yelich</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&oldid=1247909477">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vic_Toews&oldid=1247909477</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_births" title="Category:1952 births">1952 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Canadian_Alliance_MPs" title="Category:Canadian Alliance MPs">Canadian Alliance MPs</a></li><li><a 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