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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memorial_obelisk_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Memorial_obelisk_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/220px-Memorial_obelisk_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="448" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Memorial_obelisk_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/330px-Memorial_obelisk_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Memorial_obelisk_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/440px-Memorial_obelisk_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="3373" /></a><figcaption>Emerson's "Concord Hymn" was written for the dedication of the memorial of the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">Battle of Concord</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>"<b>Concord Hymn</b>" (original title "<b>Hymn: Sung at the Completion of the Concord Monument, April 19, 1836</b>")<sup id="cite_ref-Buell56_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buell56-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EWEmerson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWEmerson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a poem by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> written for the 1837 dedication of an <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> monument in <a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a>, commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Lexington_and_Concord" title="Battles of Lexington and Concord">battles of Lexington and Concord</a>, a series of battles and skirmishes on April 19, 1775 which sparked the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. The poem was the origin of the phrase "<a href="/wiki/Shot_heard_round_the_world" title="Shot heard round the world">shot heard round the world</a>". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concord_Hymn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1834, Emerson went to live with his step-grandfather <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Ripley" title="Ezra Ripley">Ezra Ripley</a> in Concord, at what was later named <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Manse" title="The Old Manse">The Old Manse</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>— less than a hundred paces from the spot where the battle took place.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1835, he purchased a home on the <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_and_Concord_Turnpike" title="Cambridge and Concord Turnpike">Cambridge and Concord Turnpike</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and quickly became one of Concord's leading citizens. That same year he was asked to give a public lecture commemorating the town's 200th anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Concord Hymn" was written at the request of the Battle Monument Committee. At Concord's <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> celebration on July 4, 1837, it was first read, then sung as a hymn by a local choir using the then-familiar tune "<a href="/wiki/Old_100th" title="Old 100th">Old Hundredth</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poem elevates the battle above a simple event, setting Concord as the spiritual center of the American nation,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> removes specific details about the battle itself, and exalts a general spirit of revolution and freedom<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>— a spirit Emerson hoped would outlive those who fought in the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Wayne58_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wayne58-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One source of the hymn's power may be Emerson's personal ties to the subject: his grandfather <a href="/wiki/William_Emerson_Sr." title="William Emerson Sr.">William Emerson Sr.</a>, witnessed the battle at the North Bridge while living at the Old Manse.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minuteman_statue_3_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Minuteman_statue_3_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/220px-Minuteman_statue_3_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Minuteman_statue_3_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/330px-Minuteman_statue_3_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Minuteman_statue_3_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg/440px-Minuteman_statue_3_-_Old_North_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The first stanza of "Concord Hymn" is inscribed at the base of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Minute_Man" title="The Minute Man">The Minute Man</a></i>, an 1874 statue by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lexington_Concord-5c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lexington_Concord-5c.jpg/220px-Lexington_Concord-5c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lexington_Concord-5c.jpg/330px-Lexington_Concord-5c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lexington_Concord-5c.jpg/440px-Lexington_Concord-5c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>The poem's first stanza was also featured on a 1925 U.S. 5-cent <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">stamp</a> commemorating the 150th anniversary of the battle.</figcaption></figure> <p>Emerson's poem was widely published in newspaper accounts of the dedication. In contrast there is no record of Congressman <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Samuel Hoar's</a> speech that day.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem, originally printed as a broadside for distribution at the monument's dedication, was republished as the last poem in Emerson's first edition of <i>Poems</i> in December 1848 (the book, however, was dated 1847). In that edition the poem appeared with the three line title "HYMN: / SUNG AT THE COMPLETION OF THE CONCORD MONUMENT, / April 19, 1836." Emerson apparently confused the date of the 1837 dedication a decade earlier, July 4, Independence Day, with the anniversary of the battle, April 19, <a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a> and the inscription on the obelisk mentions that it was <i>erected</i> in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-EWEmerson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWEmerson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emerson's line "the <a href="/wiki/Shot_heard_round_the_world" title="Shot heard round the world">shot heard round the world</a>" is a fixture in the lore of the American Revolution, and the opening stanza is inscribed beneath the <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Minute_Man" title="The Minute Man">The Minute Man</a></i> statue dedicated (along with a replica of the <a href="/wiki/Old_North_Bridge" title="Old North Bridge">Old North Bridge</a>) at the 1875 commemoration of the original battle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Concord Hymn" established Emerson as a poet; he was previously known as a lecturer and essayist.<sup id="cite_ref-Wayne58_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wayne58-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emerson biographer Robert Richardson notes the phrase has since become the most famous line he ever wrote.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concord's centennial celebration of Emerson's birth in 1903 ended with a singing of the hymn.<sup id="cite_ref-Buell56_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buell56-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concord_Hymn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Concord_Hymn" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Concord Hymn">Concord Hymn</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <div class="poem"> <p>By the rude bridge that arched the flood,<br /> Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,<br /> Here once the embattled farmers stood,<br /> And fired [the?] shot heard round the world<br /> <br /> The foe long since in silence slept;<br /> Alike the conqueror silent sleeps;<br /> And Time the ruined bridge has swept;<br /> Down the dark stream which seaward creeps.<br /> <br /> On this green bank, by this soft stream,<br /> We set today a votive stone;<br /> That memory may their deed redeem,<br /> When, like our sires, our sons are gone.<br /> <br /> Spirit, that made those heroes dare,<br /> To die, and leave their children free,<br /> Bid Time and Nature gently spare<br /> The shaft we raise to them and thee. </p> </div> <p>(Note: This version is from <i>The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson</i> (1904), edited by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Waldo_Emerson" title="Edward Waldo Emerson">Edward Waldo Emerson</a>, who noted, "From a copy of this hymn as first printed on slips for distribution among the Concord people at the celebration of the completion of the monument on the battle-ground, I note the differences from the poem here given as finally revised by Mr. Emerson in the <i>Selected Poems</i>.") </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concord_Hymn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Buell56-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buell56_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buell56_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Buell, Lawrence. <i>Emerson</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003: 56. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01627-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01627-9">978-0-674-01627-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWEmerson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EWEmerson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWEmerson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Emerson's son, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Waldo_Emerson" title="Edward Waldo Emerson">Edward Waldo Emerson</a>, who edited <i>The Complete Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson</i> (1904), noted: 'In the early editions of the <i>Poems</i> the date is given as 1836. This is a mistake. The <i>Middlesex Yeoman</i> gives the account of this celebration in 1837, and on the original slip in my possession some one sending it to a friend at that time, has written "Sung by the people on battle-ground at the completion of the monument, 4th of July, 1837."'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson, Robert D. Jr. <i>Emerson: The Mind on Fire</i>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995: 182. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-08808-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-08808-5">0-520-08808-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">York, Maurice and Rick Spaulding. <i>Ralph Waldo Emerson: The Infinitude of the Private Man</i>. Wrightwood Press, 2008: 74. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9801190-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9801190-0-8">978-0-9801190-0-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Susan. <i>Literary Trail of Greater Boston</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000: 127. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-05013-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-05013-2">0-618-05013-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson, Robert D. Jr. <i>Emerson: The Mind on Fire</i>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995: 206. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-08808-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-08808-5">0-520-08808-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">York, Jake Adam. <i>The Architecture of Address: The Monument and Public Speech in American Poetry</i>. Psychology Press, 2005: 24. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97058-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97058-7">978-0-415-97058-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Old Hundredth" is commonly used to sing the lyrics that begin "All People That on Earth Do Dwell", and also the Doxology (starting "Praise God, from Whom all blessings flow").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Field, Peter S. <i>Ralph Waldo Emerson: The Making of a Democratic Intellectual</i>. Rowman & Littlefield, 2003: 114. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8843-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-8843-2">978-0-8476-8843-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buell, Lawrence. <i>Emerson</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003: 57. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01627-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01627-9">978-0-674-01627-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wayne58-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wayne58_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wayne58_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Wayne, Tiffany K. <i>Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism: The Essential Guide to the Lives and Works of Transcendentalist Writers</i>. New York: Facts on File, 2006: 58. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-5626-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-5626-9">0-8160-5626-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Felton, R. Todd. <i>A Journey into the Transcendentalists' New England</i>. Berkeley, California: Roaring Forties Press, 2006: 58–59. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9766706-4-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9766706-4-X">0-9766706-4-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">York, Jake Adam. <i>The Architecture of Address: The Monument and Public Speech in American Poetry</i>. Psychology Press, 2005: 160. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97058-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97058-7">978-0-415-97058-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Susan. <i>Literary Trail of Greater Boston</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000: 147. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-05013-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-618-05013-2">0-618-05013-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson, Robert D. Jr. <i>Emerson: The Mind on Fire</i>. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995: 262. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-08808-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-08808-5">0-520-08808-5</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concord_Hymn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/embattled-farmers-and-the-shot-heard-round-the-world-the-battles-of-lexington-and-concord-teaching-with-historic-places.htm">The Shot Heard Round the World</a>" at <a href="/wiki/Minute_Man_National_Historical_Park" title="Minute Man National Historical Park">Minute Man National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1ApkEnMCwc">Choir from Concord sings <i>Concord Hymn</i></a>. Also available on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ConcordHymn">Internet Archive</a> (retrieved July 23, 2019).</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concord_Hymn&oldid=1251854748">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Concord_Hymn&oldid=1251854748</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1836_poems" title="Category:1836 poems">1836 poems</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1837_songs" title="Category:1837 songs">1837 songs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Category:Concord, Massachusetts">Concord, Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poetry_by_Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Category:Poetry by Ralph Waldo Emerson">Poetry by Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 October 2024, at 13:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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